黄土高原土壤有机氮及其矿化(李世清,沈玉芳著)思维导图

黄土高原典型土壤有机氮矿化过程李紫燕;李世清;李生秀【摘要】以黄土高原从北向南不同地区典型土壤类为对象,采用Bremner淹水培养法,研究黄土高原典型土壤有机氮的矿化过程.结果表明,淹水培养期间矿化出的部分NH+4 N会被粘土矿物固定,固定量因土壤不同而异,因此在测定有机氮矿化量时,只有考虑这一部分氮素,才可获得可靠结果.不同土壤有机氮量矿化明显不同,表现为土垫旱耕人为土＞黄土正常新成土＞简育干润均腐土＞干润砂质新成土,从南到北氮素矿化量呈减小趋势.添加C/N低(C/N比为21.7)的紫花苜蓿(Medicago stativa)茎叶有利于促进土壤有机氮矿化,而添加C/N高(C/N比为43.3)的长芒草(Stipa bungeana)会促进矿质氮的生物固定;不同类型植被土壤间在培养20、40d 和60d时的矿化量差异显著(p值分别为0.0177、0.0109和0.0073),均表现为均为林地土壤＞裸地土壤＞草地土壤＞农田土壤;从平均看,加(NH4)2SO4后有机氮矿化量有一定减少.在不同培养阶段,不同土类间氮素矿化率不同,在20d和40d时存在显著差异(p分别为0.0092和0.0381),60d时差异不显著,不同土类氮素矿化率的大小顺序为干润砂质新成土＞黄土正常新成土＞土垫旱耕人为土＞简育干润均腐土,这一结果说明在淹水条件下,黄土高原土壤从南到北易矿化氮所占全氮比例呈增加趋势.【期刊名称】《生态学报》【年(卷),期】2008(028)010【总页数】11页(P4940-4950)【关键词】黄土高原;土壤氮素矿化;非交换性铵态氮【作者】李紫燕;李世清;李生秀【作者单位】西北农林科技大学/中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室陕西,杨陵712100;西北农林科技大学资源与环境学院,陕西,杨陵712100;西北农林科技大学/中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所,黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室陕西,杨陵712100;西北农林科技大学资源与环境学院,陕西,杨陵712100;西北农林科技大学资源与环境学院,陕西,杨陵712100【正文语种】中文【中图分类】S154.1土壤氮素80%以上以有机态存在，有机态氮中的绝大部分不能被植物直接吸收利用，只有经过矿化作用，才能转化为可被植物吸收利用的矿质态氮。

2000-2010年硕士毕业论文中英文目录汇总2010年序号姓名导师硕士论文题目学科、专业毕业时间（年）1.高素娟黄明斌王占礼黄河中游多沙粗沙区坡面土壤侵蚀动力学过程试验研究Experimental Study of Dynamic Processes of SoilErosion on Hillslope in the Coarse Sediment Regionof the Yellow River Middle Reaches环境科学20102.王浩王文龙黄土高塬沟壑区沟坡道路侵蚀特征及植物路防蚀机理研究Experimental study on hydrodynamic characteristics ofearth road erosion and the mechanism of plant-coveredroad reducing the road erosion on the Loess Plateau土壤学20103.王卫锋张岁岐ZmPIPs在玉米幼苗短期水分胁迫及复水中的生理作用The physiological roles of ZmPIPs in young maizeresponses to short term water stress and rewater植物学20104.吴妍张岁岐水分胁迫及复水条件下外源Ca2+对玉米幼苗根系吸水能力的影响Effect of Calcium on Water Uptake by Root of MaizeSeedling under Water Stress and Rehydration Conditions植物营养学20105.陈玉华张岁岐不同栽培模式对旱作冬小麦根系生长及水分利用的影响Effect of Different Cultivation Patterns on Root Growthand Water Use of Winter Wheat in Dryland生态学20106.聂朝娟邓西平花后水分亏缺对不同生态型小麦光合特性和蔗糖代谢的影响Effect of water deficit on photosynthetic characteristicsand sucrose metabolism of different varieties wheat afteranthesis生态学20107.陈炜邓西平不同栽培模式下旱地小麦灌浆过程中同化物转运的研究Effect of different cultivating models on the assimilatetranslocation in dryland wheats植物学20108.伍小兵邓西平H2O2 对甘薯幼苗不定根的生长和植株抗冷性的影响Effect of H2O2 on the adventitious root growth andchilling resistance of sweetpotato seedlings植物学20109.黄洁李世清栽培条件对作物生长及根系提水作用的影响Effects of different growth conditions on plant groeth androot hydraulic lift生态学201010.宋淑英李世清不同供氮水平小麦/玉米幼苗生理特性对CO2浓度倍增的响应Responses of physiological characteristics of wheat/maizeseedling to elevated co2 concentration植物营养学201011.汪羽宁李世清控制灌溉的土壤水分探头合理埋设深度研究Sensor Placement for Precise Irrigation Scheduling Using植物营养学2010Soil Moisture Information12.王佩玲李世清CO2浓度倍增与介质施氮对冬小麦物质生产及氮素利用的影响Effects of CO2 concentration elevation and nitrogenapplication on dry matter production and nitrogenutilization in winter wheat生态学201013.邢顺林李世清青藏高原与黄土高原土壤氮素矿化过程对温度变化响应的比较研究Comparative Study of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and LoessPlateau Soil Nitrogen Mineralization Process Response toTemperatures Change生态学201014.徐洪敏李世清栽培模式对黄土高原南部旱作春玉米干物质累积及水、氮利用效率的影响Effects of different cultivation management practices ondry matter accumulation and water-nitrogen utilizationefficiency of spring maize on the Loess Plateau植物营养学201015.王禹杨明义137Cs和210Pbex复合示踪研究东北黑土区坡耕地土壤侵蚀速率Investigating the Soil Erosion Rates on the CultivatedSlopes in the Northeast Black Soil Region of China Using137Cs and 210PbexMeasurements土壤学201016.刘远利郑粉莉WEPP型（坡面版）在东北黑土区的适用性评价Assessment onWEPPModel (Hillslope Version)Applicability to the Black Soil Region in NortheastChina地图学与地理信息系统201017.余叔同郑粉莉黄土丘陵区坡沟系统沟蚀发育过程模拟与可视化Simulation and Visullization of gully erosion developmentprocess in hillyslope-gully system of loess hilly region地图学与地理信息系统201018.郭晓清郑粉莉陕西省土地荒漠化动态变化及其防治管理信息系统Dynamic change of land desertification And it’scombatting management Information system in shaanxiprovince地图学与地理信息系统201019.陈吉强郑粉莉黄土坡面沟蚀发育过程的模拟试验研究An experimental study on loessial hillslope gully erosiondevelopment process地图学与地理信息系统201020.李国辉安韶山郑粉莉黄土丘陵区典型植物根际与非根际土壤性质差异的比较研究A comparative study on the differences of soil Propertiesbetween rhizosphere and Non- rhizosphere of typical plantIn the loess hilly region水土保持与荒漠化防治201021.张博闻邵明安原油在土壤中入渗的试验研究Experiment on crude oil infiltration Into soils环境科学201022.赵梅邵明安黄土区土石混合土壤水分有效性研究Water availability in stony soil on the loess plateau土壤学201023.张超刘国彬黄土丘陵区撂荒演替中根际微生物特性演变特征生态学2010薛萐Evolution of rhizosphere microbial properties during vegetation succession on abandoned slope cropland inhilly Loess Plateau24.杨晓梅程积民子午岭天然柴松林碳储量与碳密度研究Natural Pinus shenkaneusis Forest Carbon Storage andDensity in Ziwuling Area of Loess Plateau生态学201025.韩娟娟程积民子午岭辽东栎林碳储量与土壤理化性质研究Analysis of soil physical&chemical properties &carbonstorage about liaotungensi coummnity in ziwuling草业科学201026.孟蕾程积民子午岭人工油松林碳储量与碳密度研究Carbon storage and density of artificial Pinustabulaeformis forest in Ziwuling area草业科学201027.胡秀娟程积民子午岭辽东栎、油松、柴松群落生长特征研究The growing characteristics of quercus liaotungensis、pinus tabulaeformis and pinus tabulaeformis f.shekannesisforests In ziwu region生态学201028.范文娟张继敏程积民子午岭森林群落草本植物的结构特征研究Investigation of structural charateristics of herbages underforest plantations in zi wu-ling植物学201029.夏晓娟马永清不同年份早酥梨叶片浸提液对几种套种作物的影响Allelopathic Effect of Extracts from Different Age’sLeaves of Zaosu Pear on some Intercropping Crops植物化感201030.齐治军许明祥黄土丘陵区小流域水土流失的尺度效应Effect of different cultivating models on the assimilatetranslocation in dryland wheats生态学201031.方磊刘文兆黄土高塬沟壑区砚瓦川流域径流对土地利用变化的响应研究地资源与空间信息技术201032.沈红刘文兆 GCMs在黄土高原的适用性评估土地资源与空间信息技术201033.武阿锋刘文兆长武塬区不同土地利用方式对土壤水分剖面分布的影响土壤学201034.于金凤刘文兆黄土塬区苹果树蒸腾及果园蒸散特征研究生态学201035.张盼刘文兆长武塬区地下水位变化特征研究土地资源与空间信息技术20102009年序号姓名导师硕士论文题目学科、专业毕业时间（年）36.谭贞学王占礼黄土坡面细沟侵蚀动力学过程组合小区模拟试验研究Multi-plot-based experimental modeling of dynamicprocesses of rill erosion on loess hillslope水土保持与荒漠化防治200937.马春艳王占礼黄河班多水电站工程区主要地类坡面侵蚀动力学过程试验研究Study of main slope erosion dynamic processes on project水土保持与荒漠化防治2009area of Banduo hydropower station of Yellow River38.陈绍宇王文龙高塬沟壑区溯源侵蚀发生发育规律研究—以董志塬为例Study of the development law of head-cut erosion onLoess Plateau-taking Dongzhiyuan as an example土壤学200939.冉茂勇赵允格黄土丘陵区生物结皮土壤抗冲性试验研究Experimental study on nti-scourability of soil withbiological soil crusts in hilly loess plateau region水土保持与荒漠化防治200940.陈彦芹赵允格黄土丘陵区藓结皮人工培养方法试验研究Experimental research on artificial culture of mosses crustsin hilly loess plateau region水土保持与荒漠化防治200941.刘立生张岁岐不同倍性冬小麦对水分和密度的响应Response of different ploidy winter wheat to moisture anddensity conditions生态学200942.赵紫平邓西平灌浆期水分胁迫对不同倍性小麦光合和糖代谢的影响Effect of water deficit on photosynthetic capacity andsugar metabolism of different ploidy wheat during grainfilling stage生态学200943.赵坤李世清扰动土与原状土间歇淋洗长期通气培养法反映黄土高原土壤供氮能力比较研究Comparative study of disturbing and undisturbing soillong-term alternate leaching aerobic incubation forestimating soil N supplying capacity on the Loess Plateau生态学200944.陶武辉李世清施肥对黄土高原水蚀风蚀交错区植物产量及土壤矿质氮、水溶性有机碳/氮的影响The effect of fertilizer on the plant yield, mineral nitrgen,DOC and DON in wind-water erosion crisscross region onthe loess plateau植物营养学200945.朱琳李世清栽培模式对黄土高原旱地春玉米养分累积规律及利用效率的影响The effects of different cultivation practices on the nutrientaccumulation and utilization efficiency of spring maize onthe Loess Plateau植物营养学200946.李 静 李世清 大气氨营养对小麦和玉米根冠特征及氮效率的影响Effects of atmospheric NH3 on root canopy characteristicsand nitrogen use efficiency of wheat and maize生态学200947.张 扬 李世清沈玉芳干旱胁迫及施肥对作物根系提水作用的影响Effects of drought stress and fertilizer application onhydraulic lift in crop root system生态学 200948.刘志强 杨明义 黄土高原137Cs背景值空间分布特征与影响因素研究The Spatial Distribution of 137Cs Reference Inventory andIts Influence Factors on the Loess Plateau土壤学 200949.王 彬 郑粉莉 东北典型薄层黑土区土壤可蚀性关键因子分析与土壤可蚀性计算Key factors and calculation of soil Erodibility in thetypical eroded Black soil area of northeast china水土保持与荒漠化防治200950.丁晓斌 郑粉莉 基于GIS的坡面水文—侵蚀预报模型初步研究Hillslope Hydrology-Erosion Prediction Model Based onGIS地图学与地理信息系统200951.崔艳平 郑粉莉 近地表土壤水文条件对坡面土壤侵蚀和氮、磷养分流失的影响研究Effect of near-surface soil hydrological conditions on soilerosion and nutrient losses At hillslopes水土保持与荒漠化防治200952.张会茹 郑粉莉 红壤坡面与黄土坡面土壤侵蚀过程对比研究Comparitive study upon soil erosion processes on red soilhillslope and loess hillslope水土保持与荒漠化防治200953.白一茹 邵明安 水蚀风蚀交错带坡面土壤水分特性研究Study on soil water properties on slope in water-winderosion crisscross region on the loess plateau环境科学 20092008年序号姓名导师硕士论文题目学科、专业毕业时间（年）54.龚家国王文龙黄土坡面浅沟侵蚀影响因素及水动力过程模拟试验研究Experimental study on Influencing Factors and dynamicprocess of ephemeral gully erosion on Losses slope土壤学 200855.徐龙江杨明义黄土高原小流域洪水泥沙来源的复合指纹分析法研究Study on the Composite Fingerprinting Flood SuspendedSediment Sources in the Catchment on the Loess Plateau土壤学 200856.王英黄明斌径流曲线法（SCS-CN）的改进及其在黄土高原的应用Optimizing and Improving SCS-CN Method in LoessPlateau土壤学 200857.王凯博上官周平子午岭植被演替过程中物种多样性研究Studies on the species diversity In vegetation succession Inziwuling area生理生态 200858.邓娟上官周平子午岭人工油松林自然发育过程及其特征研究Study of the natural development and the characteristics ofartificial pinus tabuleaformis forest in ziwuling region生理生态 200859.邵瑞鑫上官周平外源NO 对水分亏缺下小麦叶片光合能力的调控效应The effectsof exogenousnitricoxide on Regulatingphotosynthetic capacity of Wheatleaves under waterdeficit生理生态 200860.陈美玲上官周平子午岭林区植被群落植物优势种能量和养分特征研究Energy and nutrient characteristics of the dominant plantspecies in ziwuling forest of the loess plateau生理生态 200861.段军彪上官周平黄土高原小流域侵蚀预测与景观虚拟研究Research on Soil Erosion Prediction and Virtual RealityLandscape in Small Watershed of Loess Plateau计算机应用技术200862.李静上官周平黄土坡面水蚀模拟的关键技术研究Research of key technology of water erosion simulation inloess slope计算机应用技术200863.连振龙刘普灵黄土丘陵区典型流域植被恢复减沙效益研究Study on Effect of Vegetation Restoration on SedimentReduction in the Loess Hilly Region土壤学 200864.周小平张岁歧玉米根系生长、功能的基因型差异及其对水分利用效率的影响Root growth and function of different genotype maize andits effection on water use efficiency生态学 200865.黄传琴邵明安干湿交替过程中土壤胀缩特征的试验研究Experimental Study on Soil Shrinking and SwellingCharacteristics during the Alternative Drying and WettingProcesses土壤学 200866.王幼奇邵明安樊军水蚀风蚀交错带典型植被蒸散特征研究Study on evapotranspiration of vegetation in water-winderosion crisscross region on the loess plateau土壤学 200867.赵爱辉黄明斌黄土水力参数的测定与间接推求方法研究Hydraulic Parameters Measurements and Estimations forLoess Soils土壤学 200868.刘雨安韶山郑粉莉黄土高原丘陵沟壑区燕沟流域植被恢复对土壤质量的影响研究Effects of vegetation restoration on soil quality in yangoucatchment in hilly-gully region of the loess plateau水土保持与荒漠化防治200869.汪晓勇郑粉莉黄土坡面土壤侵蚀—搬运过程试验研究An experimental study on soil detachment and transportprocesses at loessial hillslope水土保持与荒漠化防治200870.张鹏郑粉莉沟蚀发育过程动态监测研究Monitoring of gully erosion development: Process anddynamics土地资源与空间信息技术200871.张长保李世清王全九樊军降雨条件下黄土坡面土壤养分迁移特征试验研究Loess slope nutrient migration experimental Study onrainfall condition植物营养学 200872.宋翔李世清王全九樊军黄土旱塬冬小麦产量与水氮及其耦合关系模型的研究Study on the relation between winter wheat yield andwater-nitrogen and its interaction modle on the LoessDryland植物营养学 200873.冯宏昭李世清降雨对玉米冠层磷素淋洗的研究Effect of rainfall on phosphorus leaching in maize conopy生态学 200874.党蕊娟李世清施氮对冬小麦/夏玉米光合调控的研究Study on photosynthesis regulation of winter wheat/summer maize by nitrogen applied植物营养学 200875.华瑞李世清介质供磷水平对冬小麦/玉米苗期生长过程的调控作用Regulation of phosphorus supplying rates on the WinterWheat-Maize seedling growthing process植物营养学 200876.闫登明李世清氮素形态和铁营养对几种作物同化过程及体内铁分布的影响Effec of nitrogen forms and iron nutrition on assimilation植物营养学 2008process and iron distribution of different crops77.穆晓慧李世清黄土高原农田土壤Cd和P形态分级及生物有效性研究Study on cd and p fractionation and bioavailability infarmland soil of the loess plateau农业环境保护与食品安全20082007年序号姓名导师硕士论文题目学科、专业毕业时间（年）78.刘小芳张岁岐单根和细胞水平玉米根系吸水的杂种优势The Heterosis of Water Uptake by Roots of Maize atSingle Root and Cell Level生态学 200779.田风霞王占礼郑世清黄土山坡植物路防蚀效应模拟试验研究Experimental Modeling of Anti-erosion Benefits of PlantRoad on Loess Hillslope土壤学 200780.谭红朝李秧秧黄土丘陵区几种主要树木径向生长、液流及其与环境条件的关系The Radial Growth, Sap Flow of Several Trees and theirRelation with Environmental Factors in the Loess Hilly Area生态学 200781.周雪英邓西平不同倍性小麦对旱后复水的生理生态响应Physiological effects of post-drought And rewatering onwheat with different pliody生态学 200782.李建梅邓西平转Cu/Zn-SOD、APX基因甘薯对水分胁迫及复水的生理生化响应Physiological and biochemical responses of transgenicsweet potato expressing both cu/zn-sod and apx genes todrought and rewatering conditions生态学 200783.韦兰英上官周平黄土高原不同演替阶段草地植被细根分布及其生态特征研究Study on the vertical distribution and ecologicalcharacteristic of the fine root in different abandonded yeargrassland in loess plateau生态学 200784.刘勇上官周平子午岭典型森林群落生物量与土壤水分、养分的关系The relationship between community biomass and soilmoisture 、soil nutrient i n ziwuling typical forests生态学 200785.付晓莉邵明安土壤水分特征曲线测定过程中的压实效应研究Study on compaction effects during soil watercharacteristic Curve measurement环境科学 200786.丛 伟张兴昌重金属Se在土壤中的运移规律研究Solute transport regularity of se in soil土壤学 200787.张晋爱张兴昌黄土高原不同植被覆盖下土壤性质的时空变异特征Temporal and spatial variability of soil quality underdifferent vegetation covering on the loess plateau土壤学 200788.南维鸽李世清田间杂草对冬小麦产量及氮素利用效率的影响The Effects of Weeds on the Winter Wheat Yield and theNitrogen Use Efficiency植物营养学 200789.金发会李世清黄土高原土壤供氮能力测定方法的比较研究Comparison of the methods of assessing soil n-supplyingcapacity on loess plateau植物营养学 200790.侯红乾李世清冬小麦-杂草氮素营养竞争研究Study on nitrogen competition between winter-wheat andweed植物营养学 200791.王锦峰李世清不同栽培模式和施氮水平对冬小麦籽粒产量及蛋白质形成的影响Effects of different cultivation mode and nitrogenprovision levels on construction of output and protien ofwinter wheat grains植物营养学 200792.张国桢李世清石灰性土壤硝化作用模型的研究S studing on the nitrification kinetic models In thecalcareous soil种植 200793.李小霞李世清栽培模式、施氮量和播种密度对冬小麦冠层及产量构成特征的影响The effect of cultivate mode, nitrogen fertilizer rate andplanting density on the winter wheat conpy and yieldcharacters作物生理生态200794.王建勋郑粉莉WEPP模型（坡面版）在黄土高原丘陵沟壑区的适用性评价Assessment on WEPP Model Applicability（Hillslopeversion）to the Hilly-gully Region of the Loess Plateau水土保持与荒漠化防治200795.王志刚李靖郑粉莉不同近地表水文条件下紫色土坡耕地土壤侵蚀过程研究Study on Purple Soil Erosion Process at Sloping CultivatedField under Different Surface Hydrological Condition水土保持与荒漠化防治20072006年序号姓名导师硕士论文题目学科、专业毕业时间（年）96.秦娟上官周平子午岭林区山杨－辽东栎混交林生理生态效应研究Eco-physiological Effect of Populus davidiana-Quercusliaotungensis Mixed Forests in Ziwuling Forest Area生态学 200697.吴安慧张岁岐玉米根系AQP表达的基因型差异及其与抗旱性的关系The expression differences of aquaporins genes in maizeroots among genotypes and its relation with droughtresistance生态学 200698.李筠邓西平水分胁迫对转Cu/Zn SOD 和APX基因甘薯抗氧化和叶绿素荧光的影响Effect of water stress on antioxidation and chlorophy Ⅱfluorescence of Cu/Zn SOD and APX gene transferredsweet potato生态学 200699.胡伟邵明安王全九黄土坡面土壤水分时空变异性研究Temporal-Spatial Variability of Soil Moisture on aSlope-land on the Loess Plateau生态学 2006100.牛振华王占礼坡面土壤侵蚀物理模型及其率定与验证Physically-based Model of Soil Erosion on Hillslope andIts Calibration and Validation土壤学 2006101.韩凤朋张兴昌黄土高原小流域不同尺度土壤养分的空间变异Spatial variability of soil nutrient on slope and watershedscale on the Loess Plateau土壤学 2006102.范亚宁李世清云雾山草地小尺度植物多样性及土壤-植物养分空间变异性研究Study on plant diversity and soil-plant spatial variability insmall scale in yunwu mountain grassland生态学 2006103.刘毅李世清黄土高原不同生境条件下土壤结构体分形及碳、氮分布Fractal dimensions of soil aggregates and istribution ofcarbon and nitrogen from different environments in theLoess Plateau植物营养学 2006104.吉春容李世清品种、种子大小和施肥对冬小麦生物学性状、光合-荧光特征和氮磷养分效率的影响Effect of variety, seed size and fertilization oncharacteristics of biological and photo synthesis-fluorescence, nutrition efficiency of n and p of winter wheat生态学 2006105.李紫燕李世清黄土高原典型土壤有机氮矿化及铵态氮对土壤氮素激发效应的研究Study on the primin effect caused by ammonium andMineralizaton of organic nitrogen in the typical soils onLoess Plateau植物营养学 2006106.刘殿红黄占斌保水剂对马铃薯生长效应及其机理研究A study on effect of aquasorb on growth of potato and itsacting mechanism生态学 2006107.李建玲黄占斌多功能保水剂对马铃薯产量和水分利用效率(WUE)影响研究Effects of multi-function aquasorb on yield and water useefficiency (WUE) of potatoes生态学 2006108.迟永刚黄占斌李茂松小麦进化过程中的光合生理特性研究Study on the photosynthetic characteristics of wheat inprocess of evolution生态学 2006109.曾辰邵明安水蚀风蚀交错带不同植被覆盖条件坡面土壤水分循环的实验研究Study on the soil water cycle on slope with differentconditions of vegetation covering in water-wind erosioncrisscross region土壤学 2006110.刘春利邵明安水蚀风蚀交错带坡地土壤物理特性时空变异性研究Study on soil physical properties temporal-spatial variabilityof a slope in the wind-water erosion crisscross region生态学 2006111.史磊邓西平水分胁迫下不同基因型小麦光合特性的比较研究Photosynthetic characteristics of different wheat genotypesunder water stress生态学 2006112.申震洲谢永生刘普灵REE示踪研究坡面侵蚀过程及不同下垫面撂荒地的减沙效益Study on the processes of soil erosion using ree tracers onsloping land and the effect on reducing sediment ofdifferent underlying surfaces土壤学 2006113.刘力郑粉莉紫色土和黄土坡耕地土壤侵蚀过程对比研究Comparison study on purple soil and loess soil erosionprocesses at sloping cultivated field水土保持与荒漠化防治2006114.吕春花郑粉莉子午岭地区植被恢复对土壤质量的影响研究Effects of Vegetation Restoration on Soil Quality in theZiwuling Area水土保持与荒漠化防治2006115.张锋郑粉莉子午岭地区植被破坏加速侵蚀对土壤质量退化过程的影响Effects of accelerated erosion caused by deforesation onsoil quality degradation process in the ziwuling area水土保持与荒漠化防治2006116.王振宇李凤民水分胁迫和断根对冬小麦根源信号、竞争能力及与产量形成的关系Root-sourced signals, competitive ablity and It’srelationship with yield of winter wheat Affected by rootexcision in a semiarid植物生理生态20062005年序号姓名导师硕士论文题目学科、专业毕业时间（年）117.张煜邓西平水分胁迫对不同进化小麦抗氧化与叶绿素荧光的影响Effect of water stress on antioxidation and chlorophyllfluorescence of different evolutionary types of wheat生态学 2005118.王周锋张岁岐玉米根系水导差异的生理生态原因分析Analysis on physiological and ecological reason for lprdifference of root system of maize生态学 2005119.黄新会王占礼黄土区坡面水文模型研究Hydrology Prediction Model of Loess Hillslope水土保持与荒漠化防治2005120.赵琳李世清氮肥和栽培模式对半湿润农田生态系统冬小麦个体-群体调控的研究The study of nitrogenous fertilizer and planting modesonthe relationship between individual and colony of winterwheat in the sub-humid area ecology system植物营养学 2005121.沈新磊李世清冬小麦源库大小改变对产量构成及产量的影响Effects of Winter Wheat Source-Sink Change on theYields and Yield Structures植物营养学 2005122.王瑞军李世清农牧交错带地膜春玉米生态特征及其氮肥效应的研究Study on ecological characteristics and nitrogen Effect ofplastic film-mulching spring corn in the Crisscross regionof agriculture-pasture植物营养学 2005123.张安邦上官周平李秧秧黄土高原半干旱区小流域生态水文效应及过程模拟Ecohydrological Effect and Hydrological Processes生态学 2005Simulation in the small catchment of the Loess Pleatu’ semiarid area124.薛晓辉张兴昌黄土高原植被恢复对土壤碳、氮养分的影响Effect of re-vegetation on soil carbon and nitrogen on theLoess Plateau土壤学 2005125.丁晋利郑粉莉7Be示踪坡面土壤侵蚀过程及机理研究Application of 7Be to Quantifying Soil Erosion Processand Mechanism at Hillslope土壤学 2005126.武敏郑粉莉坡面汇流汇沙与浅沟侵蚀过程研究Effects of Up-slope Runoff and Sediment on EphemeralGully Erosion Process at Loess Hillslopes水土保持与荒漠化防治20052004年序号姓名导师硕士论文题目学科、专业毕业时间（年）127.潘成忠上官周平黄土区草地坡面侵蚀产沙过程的调控Grass vegetation influence on plot erosion sedimentproducing processes on loess area生态学 2004128.张亚丽张兴昌径流与土壤矿质氮素作用深度的确定Confirmation of the effective depth of interaction ofrunoff with soil mineral nitrogen土壤学 2004129.贾媛媛郑粉莉王占宏黄土丘陵沟壑区小流域分布式水蚀预报模型初步研究Distributed water erosion prediction model at smallwatershed scale in the loessial hilly-gully region水土保持与荒漠化防治2004130.王红闪黄明斌黄土沟壑区不同植被类型水文生态演变研究Study on hydroecological environmental changes underdifferent types of vegetation in the gully region of theLoess Plateau土壤学 2004131.辛小桂黄占斌保水剂及其功能复合材料对玉米生长和抗旱性的影响Effect of aquasorb and its compound materials withmulti-function on growth and drought resistance of maize生态学 2004132.袁永慧邓西平不同基因型小麦变水条件下的补偿效应研究Compensatory effect of different wheat genotypes underwater deficient and rewatering conditions生态学 2004133.薛亚洲刘普灵利用REE示踪技术研究黄土坡面土壤侵蚀演变过程Using rare-earth elements tracers technology to studyspatial and temporal processes of Soil Erosion on slopingland of the Loess Plateau水土保持与土壤侵蚀2004134.杨晓青梁宗锁张岁岐不同类型冬小麦品种根系特性及其与WUE的关系研究Study on relations between roots characteristics and WUEof different type winter wheat varieties植物水分生理生态2004135.朱元骏黄占斌保水剂模拟非均衡根土水环境下玉米生长和WUE研究Growth and WUE of maize in heterogeneous roots-soilwater environment simulated by aquasorb生态学 2004136.贾松伟贺秀斌黄土丘陵区土壤侵蚀对土壤有机碳迁移的影响水土保持与2004陈云明The effect of soil erosion on soil organic carbon migrationin Loess hilly region of northwestern China荒漠化防治2003年序号姓名导师硕士论文题目学科、专业毕业时间（年）137.张文菊吴金水三江平原典型湿地生态系统有机碳积累及影响机制研究Study on the accumulation of organic carbon and it’saffecting mechanism of typical wetland ecosystem insanjiang plain, north-east China土壤学 2003138.周印东吴金水子午岭植被演替过程中土壤有机碳积累与变化Study on the accumulation of soil organic carbon in thevegetation successions in Ziwuling region土壤学 2003139.方峰黄占斌大垄沟改良措施对玉米生长和WUE影响的研究Study on the effect of broad ridge improved measures tomaize growth and water use efficiency生态学 2003140.俞满源黄占斌保水剂与氮肥对马铃薯生长和WUE效应及其机制研究The response of growth and water use efficiency of potatoto aquasorb and nitrogen and it’s mechanism生态学 2003141.郭彦彪李占斌流域地貌形态与降雨侵蚀产沙关系研究Study on relationship between watershed topography andsediment yield by rainfall erosion in loess area水土保持与荒漠化防治2003142.郑良勇李占斌黄土地区陡坡水蚀动力过程试验研究Experimental study on dynamic process of soil erosion onloess slope水土保持与荒漠化防治2003143.毛明策史俊通上官周平黄土高原节水农业专家系统的研制The development of the water saving agricultural expertsystem of Loess Plateau作物栽培学与耕作学2003144.李立青刘普灵7Be和137Cs复合示踪坡耕地土壤侵蚀产沙的空间分布特征Use of 7Be and 137Cs measurements to study the patternof soil erosion on cultivated slope land土壤学 2003145.宋炜刘普灵利用REE示踪法研究黄土坡面土壤侵蚀过程Using REE tracers to measure sheet erosion changing torill erosion on loess slope水土保持与荒漠化防治2003146.白登忠邓西平水分亏缺下番茄水分传输途径和根冠大小对蒸腾和WUE的调控Tomato transpiration and WUE regulated by water transportpath and size of shoot and root under water deficit生态学 2003147.黄明丽邓西平不同基因型小麦水分、养分利用效率的比较研究Comparison of water and nutrient use efficiencies indifferent wheat genotypes生态学 2003148.王生毅邓西平干旱胁迫对番茄根系水导的影响及液泡膜水通道蛋白表达量检测研究Research on water transportation of drought stressed tomatoroot systems and tonoplast aquaporins expression quantity生物化学与分子生物学2003149.王辉雷廷武径流含沙量与流量机电一体化测控系统研究及应用An automatically controlled system for measurement ofsediment and discharge rate of runoff and its applications水土保持与荒漠化防治2003150.冒建华雷廷武草地集中水流土壤侵蚀室内模拟试验及聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）对草地出苗影响试验研究Laboratory simulation experiments on soil erosion fromgrass-covered surface under concentrated flow and theeffects of pam on the germination of Alfalfa水土保持与荒漠化防治2003151.张丽张兴昌水分-氮素-光照对玉米生长的互作效应Interactions of nitrogen, water with light on the growth ofmaize土壤学 2003152.何福红黄明斌党廷辉黄土高原沟壑区小流域水文性质的空间变异性Spatial variability of hydrological properties in acatchment of the gully region, the Loess Plateau土壤学 2003153.慕自新梁宗锁张岁岐玉米根系特征与其水分关系研究Studies on maize root traits and whole plant water relations植物学 20032002年序号姓名导师硕士论文题目学科、专业毕业时间（年）154.景为邵明安推求土壤非饱和运动参数的方法Estimating Methods for Soil Hydraulic Properties土壤学 2002155.彭浩邵明安张兴昌黄土区土壤钾素径流流失规律研究Research on Soil Potassium Loss by Erosion in Loessial Area土壤学 2002156.卢金伟李占斌土壤团聚体水稳定性及其与土壤可蚀性之间关系研究Study on relation between water stability of soil aggregateand soil erodibility水土保持与荒漠化防治2002157.刘纪根雷廷武坡耕地施加PAM降雨入渗产流及侵蚀产沙规律试验研究Study on the Laws of Rainfall Infiltration Runoff andErosion Sediment on Slopeland Treated With PAM土壤学 20022001年序号姓名导师硕士论文题目学科、专业毕业时间（年）158.郑纪勇邵明安土壤中溶质运移的边界层方法Boundary Layer Method for Solute Transport in Soils土壤学 2001159.肖培青郑粉莉上方来水来沙对坡面侵蚀过程影响的试验研究An Experimental Study on Effects of Up-slope RunoffandSediment on Down-slope Erosion Process水土保持与荒漠化防治2001160.张睛雯雷廷武细沟水蚀动力过程试验研究Study on the dynamic process of rill erosion土壤学 2001161.丁文峰李占斌黄土区坡面径流侵蚀的动力过程试验研究The experimental study on dynamic process of overlandflow on loess slope surface土壤学 2001162.张厚华黄占斌灌溉、覆盖对玉米生理及产量的影响生态学 2001。

高中地理2023年学业水平合格考试三年分类汇编专题五植被与土壤02土壤一、考试要求运用资料，描述土壤。

二、思维导图三、知识清单知识点01____观察土壤（一）土壤概念及组成1.土壤概念：陆地表面具有一定肥力、能够生长植物的疏松表层，具有肥力是土壤的本质属性。

土壤≠土地，土壤只是构成土地的重要要素之一，而土地则是指陆地的表层部分，除土壤外还包括未形成土壤的岩石和岩石风化物（成土母质）。

2.土壤组成：由矿物质、有机质、水分和空气四种物质组成，其中矿物质是岩石经物理风化作用和化学风化作用形成的；有机质指存在于土壤中的含碳的有机物质，包括各种动植物的残体、微生物体及其会分解和合成的各种有机质；水分主要是土壤水；空气存在于土壤孔隙中。

（二）土壤观察角度野外对土壤的观察，一般从土壤颜色、土壤质地、土壤剖面构造等方面进行。

1.土壤颜色：土壤颜色是土壤最重要的外部特征之一，土壤分类和命名的重要依据之一。

有些土壤就是用颜色来命名的，如黑土、红壤、棕壤等。

【黑土】黑土形成在中高纬度气候相对寒冷且相对湿润的地区，由于气温较低，微生物活性较差，枯枝落叶大多能够进入土壤形成有机质。

世界上仅有三块黑土平原：美洲的密西西比平原、欧洲的乌克兰平原、亚洲的东北平原。

【红壤】红壤是分布于热带和亚热带雨林、季雨林或常绿阔叶林植被下的土壤，由于所在区域气候湿润，降水丰富，土壤淋失作用强烈，从而富含铁、铝等氧化物，呈酸性红色，肥力较差。

红壤广泛分布于我国秦岭淮河以南的广大亚热带和热带季风气候区。

2.土壤质地：不同粒级的矿物质在土壤中所占的相对比例，称为土壤质地。

土壤矿物质颗粒按照粒径大小可分为石砾、砂土、粉粒、黏粒等。

从土壤质地看，土壤一般分为砂土、壤土和黏土。

①砂土：通气、透水性强，保肥性能弱，易耕作。

②壤土：蓄水、保肥性能强，是农业生产理想的土壤质地。

③黏土：通气、透水性差，保肥性能好，但质地黏重，不易耕作。

3．土壤剖面构造土壤剖面是指从地面垂直向下的土壤纵剖面，由一些形态各异的、大致呈水平展布的土层所构成。

土壤中的氮素及其转化
土壤中的氮素及其转化
1、土壤中氮素的来源与含量
1、1 来源
①施入土壤中的化学氮肥与有机肥料;②动植物残体的归还;③生物固氮;④雷电降雨带来的NO3—N。

1、2 含量
我国耕地土壤全氮含量为0、04%~0、35%之间,与土壤有机质含量呈正相关。

2、土壤中氮素的形态
3、土壤中氮素的转化
3、1 有机氮的矿化作用
定义:在微生物作用下,土壤中的含氮有机质分解形成氨的过程。

过程:有机氮氨基酸NH4＋-N＋有机酸
结果:生成NH4＋-N(使土壤中有机态的氮有效化)
3、2 土壤粘土矿物对NH4＋的固定
定义:①吸附固定(土壤胶体吸附):由于土壤粘土矿物表面所带负电荷而引起的对NH4＋的吸附作用
②晶格固定(粘土矿物固定):NH4＋进入2:1型膨胀性粘土矿物的晶层间而被固定的作用
过程:
结果:减缓NH4＋的供应程度(优点？缺点？)
3、3氨的挥发
定义:在中性或碱性条件下,土壤中的NH4＋转化为NH3而挥发的过程
过程:
结果:造成氮素损失
3、4硝化作用
定义:通气良好条件下,土壤中的NH4＋在微生物的作用下氧化成
硝酸盐的现象
过程:
结果:形成NO3--N
利:为喜硝植物提供氮素
弊:易随水流失与发生反硝化作用
3、5无机氮的生物固定
定义:土壤中的铵态氮与硝态氮被植物体或者微生物同化为其躯体的组成成。