【PPT】2009年北京大学全国中学生模拟联合国大会

参与模拟联合国心得ppt篇一：参与模拟联合国心得ppt模联感想_其它_总结/汇报_应用文书模联感想_其它_总结/汇报_应用文书。

模联感想委内瑞拉高飞昌邑一中许久之前便听说过了“模联”这个词，可一直都是陌生的，直到参加这届省模联。

模联真正的会议流程只有两天，在这两天中，在这会场上既没有预料的那样剑拔弩张，也没有想象的模联感想委内瑞拉高飞昌邑一中许久之前便听说过了“模联”这个词，可一直都是陌生的，直到参加这届省模联。

模联真正的会议流程只有两天，在这两天中，在这会场上既没有预料的那样剑拔弩张，也没有想象的的那样激烈，但却不像看上去的那般平静，每个国家，每个利益集团都在争取属于自己的那一块奶酪。

时至今日，这一幕幕场景仿佛就在昨天，而这悠闲的午后如短暂的小憩，明天似乎又要重返会场，去热血沸腾地握紧手里的国家牌，去慷慨激昂的演说。

作为前期的准备，不论是立场文件的写作亦或是开篇演讲发言稿的准备，都开始让陌生的另一个国度真真切切融入我自己的生活。

不论是从政治、经济、文化、社会，都需要将这些因素与议题紧密联系起来。

成篇成摞的资料需要去翻阅去精简有用的东西，每一个在电脑前的夜晚，我便默默的潜入了这个国家的生活，慢慢的了解，细细的体会；就如同就站在这个国家某个城市的街头巷尾听着领导人竞选的演讲或是寻常人家茶余饭后的闲谈。

这个国家叫做委内瑞拉。

几度熬夜到凌晨，窗外的是微亮的天幕，眼前则是这个社会主义国家组成的每一部分。

每一天的节奏都是今天睡下，今天起床，但乐此不疲。

初识委内瑞拉，是新闻上关于收留斯诺登的一条消息。

在我未曾了解这个国家之前，我知道美国与委内瑞拉的对抗，却从未想象委内瑞拉反美如此强烈的态度，当你在百度的搜索栏里输入“委内瑞拉美国”时，弹出的几十条红蓝相间的文字，无一不显示着这个国家最根本的利益，最真实的态度。

曾经有不少代表找过我，在闲聊或讨论正事的时候，有的是奉劝，有的则是嘲讽，一个态度如此强硬的代表，坚决反美，到了会场上估计没人愿意合作吧。

Background Guide | PKUNMUN 2009149Global Classrooms ®: BeijingHosted by Peking University 北京大学主办 Supported by UNA-USA 美国联合国协会支持 Sponsored by Merrill Lynch 美林集团赞助WHO 主席团组成毛明超 北京大学外国语学院08级本科 （以上为本章节编写人员）李一凡 北京大学国际关系学院08级本科 张大魁 北京大学化学分子与工程学院07级本科 郑璐 北京大学外国语学院08级本科 刘漪文 北京大学元培计划实验班08级本科150 PKUNMUN 2009| Background Guide一、 历史：1945年，当外交官们举行会议成立联合国时，他们讨论的事情之一就是建立一个全球卫生组织。

世卫组织的组织法于1948年4月7日生效 - 这个日子便是我们现在每年庆祝的世界卫生日。

二 、职能：二十一世纪中，卫生是一项共同责任，涉及到公平获得基本保健和集体防范跨越国界的威胁。

世卫组织是联合国系统内卫生问题的指导和协调机构。

就对卫生至关重要的事项提供领导并在需要联合行动时参加伙伴关系； 制定研究议程，促进开发、传播和应用具有价值的知识；制定规范和辬准并促进和监测其实施；阐明合乎伦理并以证据为基础的政策方案；提供技术支持，促进变革并发展可持续的机构能力；监测卫生情况并评估卫生趋势三、 管理：世卫组织的组织法载明，世卫组织的目辬是让人人享受最高而能获致之健康辬准。

组织法对健康的定义是，健康不仅为疾病或羸弱之消除，而系体格，精神与社会之完全健康状态。

世界卫生大会是世卫组织的最高决策机构。

它一般于每年5月在日内瓦举行会议，并由所有193个会员国派代表团参加。

其主要职能是决定本组织的政策。

四、人员：来自150多个国家的8 000多人在147个国家办事处、6个区域办事处以及瑞士日内瓦总部为本组织工作。

经历模联主新闻中心作者：徐佳倩来源：《中国德育》2013年第08期2009年北京大学全国中学生模拟联合国大会首次设置了主新闻中心，进入这个中心的同学要代表世界知名通讯社的新闻媒体记者，负责报道各个会场中的大事要闻，并通过日报和新闻视频的形式进行展示，以加强各会场之间的信息流动，推动会议的进程。

我有幸成为2011年大会中主新闻中心的一员，也因此邂逅了人生中最难忘的四天三夜和那群点燃我斗志的战友们。

小小“记者”，独当一面说到模联，一群穿着正装、意气风发的高中生让人想到的第一个词就是比较“成熟”，我也很乐意用这个词来概括这次参会经历对我的影响。

而我选择主新闻中心最重要的原因是一个国家的外交官屈指可数，想要坐上这把交椅可不那么简单，而一个国家的记者数不胜数，会议中对于记者这一身份的模拟相较于外交官就更为真实，这也应该是我们渴望在模联中寻求模拟一种“最真实、成熟的职业人工作状态”的最佳途径。

应对突发状况是记者的家常便饭，也是我们迈向成熟的必经之路。

会议第二天，我便接到了主席交代的一个临时任务，对2010年大会秘书长、2011年大会秘书长和学术总监做一个专访，准备时间一个半小时。

专访我是做过，但是准备时间只有一个半小时的专访我还是第一次做。

加之对模联一些学术方面的问题涉猎尚浅，采访稿让我一时不知如何下笔。

在我把初稿交给主席审查时，她启发我如何去设置和修改一些提问。

她作为一个北大模联人，提问视角自然与我有所不同，而她身为新闻专业的学生，在专业问题上也能点拨我一二。

这是主席团在专业上对于记者的引导作用，在某种程度上他们充当了我们这帮对新闻感兴趣的高中生的专业辅导员。

时间一分一秒过去，离约定的采访时间也越来越近，我开始体会到“时间就是记者的生命”这句话是多么的正确，这也是我在平时接触的校园传媒中不能得到的最真实的记者生活体验。

采访过程进行得很顺利，几位学长没有一点架子，十分耐心地回答我的每一个问题，也着实让我过了把独当一面的“记者”瘾。

1. 立场文件（取材2009 年北大模联）Delegate:YangYI，Yuanmeng HUANGSchool:ShanghaiNo.3GirlsHighSchoolCountry:TuvaluCommittee:UnitedNationsEnvironmentProgram(UNEP)TopicA:ExploitationofNaturalResourcesinAntarcticWith increasing discoveries made and technologies developed, the exploitation of Antarctica has become an international hot-spot. Our exporation of Antarctica has never ceased---we aresimply eager to step on to that mysterious, yet, sacred white land covered with snow all-year-longto do researches or to carry out further exploitation.Many countries have built up scientific stations on this continent, and have gradually madetheir dreams come true. Thanks to the constant efforts of the international community, we have already made facts like “there are more than 220 sorts of mineral resources in Antarctic” and “the amount of reserved flammable ice beneath the ice sheet is the sum of all the fossil fuels all over theworld, which could replace coal and petroleum as a new environment- friendly energy resource”come true.So now, the importance and the necessity of peaceful and rational exploitation of these resources have gradually emerged. And Tuvalu firmly believes that should these resources be used properly, they would be evangel to all those suffering from the energy crisis.1One important ally of Tuvalu, the UK, has claimed 100 Esq. Sea territories near the Antarctica, which incurred many disputes from the countries near the Antarctica. Not only UK though, many other countries(such as Chile, Argentina, France, Norway) have claimed territories in Antarctica as well. Russian Federation even dispatched, 153 times, scientific groups to Antarctica to do research,discover and built basements!However, the territorial conflicts in Antarctic is not simply about territory itself; it is alsoabout showing off certain countries' power. Now, there are many treaties and protocols dealing with this issue, but few of them are effective. And the poor Antarctic Treaty, can only be regarded as a byproduct of the cold war, which froze many droids in Antarctic, and forbid the exploitation inAntarctica and the territory claims. Yet, it is very clear that not all of these items are rational. Tuvalu supports the exploitation of Antarctic resources, and we believe that Antarctica belongs to the entire human race, which, of course, includes us Tuvalu.2Tuvalu is we hope to participate the inner conferences of the related countries to get more benefits for our citizens. Therefore, Tuvalu suggests that the international community hold discussions based on the Svalbard Treaty, 1925 to exploit Antarctic resources, protect its environment, and, as well, to pay less attention to military and economic concerns.Also as one of the least developed countries in the world, we have extremely limited capabilityfor thorough exploitation: We will simply use the resources of Antarctica to meet domestic needs. The exploitation of the Antarctic is a mainstream trend of our time. So, Tuvalu suggests all countries be united, to together figure out a rational, environment-friendly and sustainable way to exploit Antarctic and to protect it. Tuvalu is willing to cooperate with other developed alliancesuchas Australia, Japan and UK during this UNEP conference to sign related joint communiqué to help1 /bbs/dispbbs.asp?boardid=12&id=281&page=2&star=12 /view/2732.htm大家一起来模联东北一狂人著18our alliances and Tuvalu ourselves to benefit from all that we can.Above all, Tuvalu suggests:1. Considering that great profits can and can only be achieved underInternational Treaties, Tuvalu urges the UN to ameliorate all international treatiessuch as the Antarctic Treaty and United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea,discuss the documents of scientific share of the polar area, take the polar area intothe jurisdiction of the United Nations, and welcome all states to carry out scientific explorations.2. Urges all states to explore the resources shared by all mankind properly, inrespect of the international laws and the protection of the environment, andannounce all the scientific achievements beneficial to everyone.3. Protects the benefits of all developing countries on the controversial issue,and thinks developing countries should cooperate with developed ones and shouldn'tbe sated aside in the intense competition in exploiting Antarctic natural resources.4. As for energy, we suggest that every country find and invent new energy withgreat exertion, and we hope that the human race could get rid of the rely on fossilresources as soon as possible.5. According to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, theapplication of the extension of the application of the continental shelf seabedsovereignty under article 76, and all states should hand in the relating applicationand information to UN.6. In expectation of relevant provisions of the United Nations Convention on theLaw of the Sea, all exploration and researches must be under the framework in thetreaty.Tuvalu is faces a huge problem that we will all soon be facing: Global Warming. This effect causes the elevation of sea level, and as a result our citizens have to migrate to survive. So we hopethat all countries will protect the environment of Antarctic area while exploring it.Tuvalu suggests that, in order to reach the consensus of certain laws and decisions, we should have further discussion on this topic. Antarctic belongs to all livings, including the citizens of Tuvalu. Tuvalu hopes that our citizens could find a new place to live in Antarctic zone by a resolution of UNEP. Tuvalu appeals every country to be united in elaborating new international laws in order to establish and maintain a new order in the exploration of Antarctic resources. Tuvalu will, of course, very much appreciates international assistance. Again, we insists that Antarctic belongs to the entire human race, and we hope all countries could cooperate with each other on these issues. And Tuvalu hopes all countries could pay more attention to environment protection when making the exploitation projects. Tuvalu has been devoted to promoting peacefuland efficient discussions among all the countries related to these issues to protect the collective benefits from the hegemonies. From now on, we will pay close attention to the progress of this conference, and we expect the UNEP to be efficient, effective, and function-enlarged.2. 工作文件（取材2008 年复旦模联）WorkingPaperSample(1)Committee: International Fishery Committee大家一起来模联东北一狂人著19Topic: Global fishery and managementSponsor: Panama, Guatemala, NigaruaguaAs countries with prospering fishing industry, also as countries that pay great attention tothe maintainance of biodiversity, we strive to solve negative effects brought about during fishery process. One of the major problems is bycatch.A vivid definition of bycatching:Imagine you are a the old man in Old Man and the Sea, and you want to catch someshrimp for lunch. If when you trawl up your net, except for the poor shrimps you want,there is also a dinasour struggling in the net, then you have just BY-CAUGHT: catchingsomething you do not intend to catch.Howseriousisby-catch?According to the U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service, in the Gulf of Mexico, three pounds of bycatch are caught for every pound of shrimp that goes to market. Accordingto the Worldwide Fund for Nature, in the Gulf of Thailand it can be 14 pounds of bycatchper pound of shrimp. Bycatch is often discarded dead or dying by the time it is returned tothe sea. Trawl nets in general, and shrimp trawls in particular, have been identified as sources of mortality for species of concern, including cetaceans. Sea turtles, alreadycritically endangered, have been killed by the thousands in shrimp trawl nets.Howtoreduceby-catch?To reduce bycatch, we propose ways as follows:1. We recommand the "bycatch reduction device" (BRD) and the Nordmore grate thathelp fish escape from shrimp nets.2. We encourage trawlers to outfit their nets with trap-door "Turtle excluder device," or TEDs, to let sea turtles escape.3. As the size selectivity of trawl nets is often controlled by the size of the openings in thenet, especially in the "cod end", the larger the size of the openings, the more easily small fish can escape, so we support the use of appropriately larger sizes of openings.4. We appeal to further carry out the development and testing of modifications to fishing gear to improve selectivity and decrease impact, which is called "conservation engineering."DISCARDS, form a major part of the bycatch of a fishing operation. Discards are theportion of a catch of fish which is not retained on board during commercial fishing operations and is returned, often dead or dying, to the sea. Discarding impacts on the大家一起来模联东北一狂人著20environment in two ways; firstly, through increased mortality to target and non-target species, particularly at juvenile life-history stages, and secondly, through alteration of food webs by supplying increased levels of food to scavenging organisms on the sea floor, and to sea birds.So, in addition to efforts to reduce the amount of bycatch caught in nets, we also appeal to implement programs to effectively utilize bycatch species, rather than throwing the fish back into the ocean. One such use of bycatch is the formulation of fish hydrolysate that can be used as a soil amendment in organic agriculture.WorkingPaperSample(2)Committee: International Fishery CommitteeTopic : some solutions summarySponsors: Uruguay ,Guatemala ,Ecuador, Panama, Nicaragua, Brazil, Costa RicaThe following is summary of the common views of Latin Americancountries aboveOverfishing Solutions SummaryA.Raiseawarenessusingfollowingways1. Build morality education by public propagandas2. Build professional education to fishermen by science knowledgepopularizationEnhancepoormanagement3. reduce fishing capacity by restricting large-amount fishing to levels that marine system can sustain.4. Prohibit catching little fishes to allow over-exploited fish populations to recover.5. Raise artificial baby fishes6. Prohibit catching endangered and valuable fishes, by demarcatingno-fishing areas, to ensure the biodiversity.7. set restrictions on commercial fishing8. establish specific legislation to restrict overfishing; establish heavy legislation to ensure the conduction of management9. improve supervision system10.urges the local government to work on the issues efficiently and transparentlyBy-catching Solutions Summary1. Each relevant government definites the by-catching quota , based on each country’s ocean resource. And the quota should be ratified by UN.2. Modify the fishing instruments to reduce unwanted catch. For example: outfit nets with trap-door to let turtles escape in shrimp catching;大家一起来模联东北一狂人著21control the size of the nets’ openings.3. Restrict fishing capacity, for example,1 ton or 1000 heads, no matter what are your target fishes.4. Effectively utilize by-catching fishes, rather than throwing themback into the sea. Because by-catching is inevitable and the majority of the returned by-catching fishes are dead or dying.Solutions to El Nino impacts on fisheryBackgroundEl Nino causes heavy decline of fish production, resulting in the enormous economic losses of these countries, whose GDP consists a large proportion of fishery.Solutions1. utilize the previously mentioned monitoring system in working paper1.3 to forecast more effectively El Nino phenomenon2. compensate for the loss brought about by El Ninoa. modifications of annual fishery investment, according to the estimation from the monitoring systemb. humanitarian aids to disaster-struck countries are indispensable. BiodiversityBackgroundBiodiversity is a resource with enormous potential, both for intellectual and e conomic purposes and as an instrument for a country’s development. Each species (of course including fishes)plays a role in nature, andinteracts with other species and its environment. So biodiversity is worth concerning by every country.Solutions1. Set up international oceanic gene pool and enhance cooperation among associations.2. Encourage responsible countries to establish relevant laws for the conservation and sustainable use of oceanic bio-diversity.3. improve social participation by publicizing4. appeals for cooperation on bio-diversity technology and management expertise3. 决议草案Draft Resolution 1.1Committee:GeneralAssemblyTopic:ReportoftheCommitteeonRelationswiththeHostCountry大家一起来模联东北一狂人著22Sponsors:Argentina,Germany,Japan,SouthAfrica,TheUnitedStatesofAmericaSignatories:Azerbaijan,Brazil,Bangladesh,Barbados,Croatia,Denmark,Greece,Hungary,Italy,Jamaica,Zimbabwe,etc.The General Assembly,Having considered the report of the Committee on Relations with the Host Country,Recalling article 105 of the Charter of the United Nations, the Convention on the privilegesand immunities of the United Nations, the agreement between the United Nations and the United States of America regarding the headquarters of the United Nations and the responsibility of the host country,Recalling also that, in accordance with paragraph 7 of General Assembly resolution 2819 (XXVI) of 15 December 1971, the Committee should consider, and advise the host country on, issues arising in connection with the implementation of the Agreement between the United Nations and the United States of America regarding the headquarters of the United Nations,Recognizing that effective measures should continue to be taken by the competent authorities of the host country, in particular to prevent any acts violating the security of missions and the safety of their personnel,1. Endorses the recommendations and conclusions of the Committee on Relations with the Host Country contained in paragraph 86 of its report;2. Considers that the maintenance of appropriate conditions for the normal work of the delegations and the missions accredited to the United Nations and the observance of their privileges and immunities,which is and issue of great importance, are in the interest of the United Nations and allMember States, and requests the host country to continue to solve, trough negotiations, problems that might arise and to take all measures necessary to prevent any interference with the functioningof missions; and urges the host country to continue to take appropriate action, such as trainingof police, security, customs and border control officers, with a view to maintaining respect for diplomatic privileges and immunities and if violations occur to ensure that such cases are properly investigated and remedied, in accordance with applicable law;3. Notes the problems experienced by some permanent missions in connection with the implementationof the Parking Programme for Diplomatic Vehicles and shall remain seized of the matter,with a view to continuing to maintain the proper implementation of the Parking Programme in a manner that is fair, non-discriminatory, effective and therefore consistent with international law, and also notes the decision of the Committee to conduct another review of the implementation of the Programme during the sixty-first session of the General Assembly and, subject to its outcome, will proceed accordingly;大家一起来模联东北一狂人著234. Requests the host country to consider removing the remaining travel restrictions, notes that during the reporting period some travel restrictions previously imposed by the host country on staffof certain missions and staff members of the Secretariat of certain nationalities were removed, and,in this regard, notes the positions of affected States as reflected in the report of the Committee, of the Secretary General and of the host country;6. Notes that a number of delegations have requested shortening the time frame applied by the hostcountry for issuance of entry visas to representatives of Member States, since this time frame posesdifficulties for the full-fledged participation of Member States in United Nations meetings;7. Expresses its appreciation for the efforts made by the host country, and hopes that the issues raised at the meetings of the Committee will continue to be resolved in a spirit of cooperation and inaccordance with international law;8. Affirms the importance of the Committee in being in a position to fulfill its mandate and meet on a short notice to deal with urgent and important matters concerning the relations between the United Nations and the host country, and in that connection requests the Secretariat and the Committeeon Conferences to accord priority to requests of the Committee on the Relations with theHost Country for conference-servicing facilities for meetings of that Committee that must be held while the General Assembly and its main committees are meeting, without prejudice to the requirementof those bodies and on an "as available" basis;9. Requests the Secretary General to remain actively engaged in all aspects of the relations of the United Nations with the host country.4. 修正案（取材2008 年复旦模联）FriendlyAmendmenttoDraftResolution1.1(Sample)Sponsor: Peru, Ecuador, PanamaSignatories: U.S.A., Japan, San Marino, South Africa, Panama, Guinea-Bissau, Greece.In the point ”El Nino”, Peru and some of the South America countries would like to modifications the item (a) in point 2:Change the sentence “Modifications of a nnual fishery investment, according to the estimation fromthe monitoring system.” into “Modifications of annual domestic industry investment, according tothe estimation from the monitoring system.”5. 危机文件Draft Directive 4.1Committee: Executive Council of Organization of Prohibition of Chemical Weapons Sponsors: United Kingdom, USASignatories: Japan, Republic of Korea, Malaysia, Italy24The OPCW,1. Requests the governments of India and Pakistan to fully cooperate with the OPCW in the following:a. Find our the modus operandi of the terrorist groups; such as JeM in acquiring chemical materials;b. Allowing full-fledged inspections of the region of Kashmir, where chemical materials are suspected to have been tested.2. Urges cooperation among security and intelligence related bodies to prevent terrorist attacks that involve chemical agents.。

模拟联合国： MPC、学术田兴奎前言模联是一个神秘的地方，譬如有一个神奇的组织，那就是MPC,MPC有不会写简讯的菜鸟更是有着能够发挥舆论压力的恐怖主编，他们是代表的战友，也是代表的敌人，这就是MPC，MPC其实是一种模联学术范畴的支持对象，由于媒体与舆论在国际政治导向中发挥了越来越重要的作用而在模联中应运而生的。

MPC常常代表某一家国际知名媒体，常驻G20或GA的会场，在会议中代表本国或己方国家集团发表简讯，评论，在会议茶歇后就某一热点问题发表新闻稿。

一、简介MPC是main press centre（主新闻中心）的简称，也代指主新闻中心的工作人员，即各位记者。

与其他委员会不同，MPC的参与者不是国家代表，而是每个与会国家的知名媒体，比如中国的新华社，美国的CNN 和英国的BBC，在会议中代表本国或己方国家集团发表简讯、评论，热点问题发表新闻稿等。

MPC可召开新闻发布会和发行报纸等刊物。

主新闻中心（Main Press Centre，简称MPC）始创于2009年北京大学全国中学生模拟联合国大会。

在2009年北京大学全国中学生模拟联合国大会∙华南地区分会中，主新闻中心正式被引入华南地区，高质量的报道及其优秀的技术水平使其成为会议中的一大亮点，同时也强有力地推动了主新闻中心在华南各校模联中的传播与发展。

设置主新闻中心的目的，在于为模拟联合国活动营造一种更为贴近国际社会现实的氛围，同时完善模拟联合国大会的机构设置。

在营造与完善的同时，大会组委会亦希望参与其中的各位代表能够理解国际传播对于国际关系的影响，通过对主新闻中心工作的体验，能够对国际传播的理念有所体会。

二、职能1. 维护本国利益在多种国家媒体中，政府官方通讯社（如新华社）必然要维护本国利益，在会场上mpc最好与本国代表共进退，始终保持良好沟通，只有明确了本国的基本立场和利益归属，才能更好地通过舆论来维护本国利益。

而更多的西方知名媒体多以自身利益为主，有自己的政治立场偏向，不与其所在的国家立场保持一致，需要提前了解。

MPC是main press centre（主新闻中心）的简称，也代指主新闻中心的工作人员，即各位记者。

与其他委员会不同，MPC的参与者不是国家代表，而是每个与会国家的知名媒体，比如中国的新华社，美国的CNN和英国的BBC，在会议中代表本国或己方国家集团发表简讯、评论，热点问题发表新闻稿等。

MPC可召开新闻发布会和发行报纸等刊物。

主新闻中心（Main Press Centre，简称MPC）始创于2009年北京大学全国中学生模拟联合国大会。

在2009年北京大学全国中学生模拟联合国大会∙华南地区分会中，主新闻中心正式被引入华南地区，高质量的报道及其优秀的技术水平使其成为会议中的一大亮点，同时也强有力地推动了主新闻中心在华南各校模联中的传播与发展。

设置主新闻中心的目的，在于为模拟联合国活动营造一种更为贴近国际社会现实的氛围，同时完善模拟联合国大会的机构设置。

在营造与完善的同时，大会组委会亦希望参与其中的各位代表能够理解国际传播对于国际关系的影响，通过对主新闻中心工作的体验，能够对国际传播的理念有所体会。

MPC职能（附有中文版例子）：1. 维护本国利益本国报纸必然要维护本国利益，在会场上mpc最好与本国代表共进退，始终保持良好沟通，只有明确了本国的基本立场和利益归属，才能更好地通过舆论来维护本国利益。

14:00【俄罗斯真理报-简讯】本报讯：俄罗斯方面表示质疑意大利和美国方面提出的第三方平台建议。

首先，通过代表阐述，意大利和美国，德国等国关于第三方平台的设想和理解明显存在较大分歧，内部意见仍未统一，何来合作。

其次，第三方平台容易被美国等大国操纵，不利于对非投资的平等合作。

最后，美国等国对非的投资仍然偏重于资源开采等初级领域，而德国，瑞士第国侧重于人道主义援助与教育，基建方面，针对性仍未确定，组织的成立必然面临严峻问题。

综上，俄方对第三方平台的建立必要性表示质疑。

2. 攻击对立国家及阵营较为激进的媒体可以多多使用，打压了对手的气焰自然有利于扩大本国的话语权。

议事规则与规则流程Rules of Order课程意义和目的•了解模拟联合国规则的内在逻辑（The Logic of MUN）•熟悉模拟联合国会议基本规则及流程（Basic Rules in MUN）•掌握模拟联合国会议规则中的专业术语（Professional Terms in MUN）•掌握规则流程使用技巧（Skills in Rules of Procedure）课程主要内容•解决一般问题的步骤与流程•模拟联合国规则流程及专业术语2一、会议成员1.主席团（Dais）u◆主席(Chair)：主持会议；随时处理代表问题u◆会议指导(Director)：观察会议，掌控会议方向、进程；审批文件u◆主席助理(Rapporteur)：记录会议；负责点名、投票等环节2.代表（Delegate）u◆概念：一个国家派出参加会议的人，代表这个国家的形象与立场u◆职责：维护国家利益；展示国家形象；参与国际事务讨论u◆称呼：代表要牢记自己的身份，发言时的主语要用国家名，而不是“我”3.志愿者（Volunteer）u◆职责：负责传递意向条；负责相关会务，为代表提供方便二、解读模拟联合国会议规则流程1.点名（Roll Call）u◆点名的作用：确定到场国家总数，由此计算简单多数（1/2多数）和三分之二多数。

这些数据决定了表决通过的标准u◆点名的方式：主席助理按照国家名单上的顺序点名，点到的国家高举国家牌并答“到(Present) ”。

主席助理重复“某某国代表出席”，并在电脑屏幕上标示出席情况，最终计数2.设定议题（Setting the Agenda）u◆设定议题的条件：一个委员会同时有两个或两个以上的议题待讨论u◆设定议题的目的：确定多数国家感兴趣的议题为优先讨论的议题3.正式辩论（Formal Debate）u◆辩论的概念：不同于平时的辩论比赛，模联中的发言、磋商、游说等均被视为辩论u◆正式辩论：按照发言名单顺序进行的辩论叫正式辩论u◆发言名单(Speakers’ List)ü✓发言名单的产生：确定议题后，正式辩论开始。