2018年高考英语一轮复习每日一题(第14周)介词+关系代词
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语法由介词+关系代词引导的定语从句1. 介词+关系代词中介词的位置关系代词whom,which,whose在从句中作介词宾语时,可以跟介词一起放在从句与主句之间(that,who不可以),也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面,使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的先行词。
例如:He is a man of rich experience, from whom much can be learned.=He is a man of rich experience, whom much can be learned from.他是个经验丰富的人,从他那里能学到很多。
The school in which he once worked is a key school.=The school (which/that) he once worked in is a key school.他曾经工作过的学校是一所重点学校。
The manager in whose company I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions.=The manager whose company I'm working in pays much attention to improving our working conditions.我就职的那家公司的经理十分注意改善我们的工作条件。
2. 介词+关系代词的常见结构(1) 介词+which/whom例如:This is the famous singer about whom we have often talked.这就是那位我们经常谈论的著名歌唱家。
Fortunately we had a map, without which we would have got lost.很幸运,我们带了一张地图,如果没有的话,我们就会迷路了。
考点介词+关系代词高考频度:★★★★★难易程度:★★★★☆1.(2017·江苏卷) In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of ________purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.A. whichB. itsC. whoseD. whom【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。
分析句子结构可知,one of ________ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation是非限制性定语从句,先行词是the World Food Programme,关系词在非限制性定语从句中作定语,修饰名词purposes,所以用关系代词whose引导,故选C 项。
句意:1963年,联合国成立了世界粮食计划署,其目的之一就是缓解世界范围内的饥荒。
2.(2016 • 江苏卷)Many young people, most _________were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.A. of whichB. of themC. of whomD. of those【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。
本题定语从句的先行词是Many young people,关系代词whom指代先行词,在定语从句中作介词of的宾语。
句意:很多年轻人都前往偏远地区追求它们的梦想,其中大部分人都受过良好教育。
故C项正确。
【知识拓展】●"介词+关系代词"的用法当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时,我们通常用"介词+关系代词"引导定语从句。
如果指"人",用"介词+whom";如果指"物",用"介词+which"。
●使用"介词+关系代词"要注意以下几点:1.选用介词的依据:(1) 根据定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯(即固定短语)。
2018年高考英语一轮复习每日一题(第14周)关系副词(含解析)编辑整理:尊敬的读者朋友们:这里是精品文档编辑中心,本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的,发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对,但是难免会有疏漏的地方,但是任然希望(2018年高考英语一轮复习每日一题(第14周)关系副词(含解析))的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。
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关系副词高考频度:★★★★★难易程度:★★★★☆1.(2016·天津)We will put off the picnic in the park until next week,the weather may be better.A。
thatﻩﻩﻩB。
where C。
whichﻩﻩD。
when【答案】D【解析】句意:我们将把公园的野餐推迟到下个星期,那时天气可能会更好。
这是一个定语从句,先行词是next week,定语从句缺少时间状语,所以用关系副词when引导.故选D。
2。
(2015·北京)Opposite is St. Paul’s Church, _________ youcan hear some lovely music。
A。
which ﻩﻩB。
that ﻩﻩC。
when ﻩﻩD。
where【答案】D关系副词引导的定语从句1。
关系副词when,where,why的先行词是表示时间、地点或原因(一般为reason)的名词,在从句中作状语。
有时可用"介词+which"结构替换。
☞Istill remember the day when I first came to Beijing.我还记得我第一次来北京的那天。
入舵市安恙阳光实验学校考点18 "介词+关系代词"引导的定语从句高考频度:★★★☆☆考向一"介词+关系代词"引导的定语从句●"介词+关系代词"的用法当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时,我们通常用"介词+关系代词"引导定语从句。
如果指"人",用"介词+whom";如果指"物",用"介词+which"。
●"介词+关系代词"结构中介词的选用1.一般来说,确定关系代词前的介词,可以从以下三方面入手:①先行词的意义;②从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配;③句子的意思。
☞I’ll never forget the time during which I spent my childhood in the country.我永远不会忘记孩童时代我在乡村度过的时光。
2.表示"整体和部分关系",介词常用of。
在some,any,few,none,all,both,neither,most,each等代词或数词的前、后可以用of which/whom。
☞John invited about 40 people to his wedding,most of whom are family members.约翰邀请了大约40人参加他的婚礼,他们当中绝大部分是家庭成员。
3.有时"介词+where"可以引导定语从句,此时要和"介词+which"引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。
☞His head soon appeared out of the window,from where he saw nothing but trees.他的头很快从窗口探了出来,从那里除了树木他什么也看不到。
(from where 相当于from out of the window,而不是from the window)●在定语从句中,含介词的短语动词不可拆开使用(短语拆开后含义发生变化),如look after, look for等。
●"of which / whom"有时可以用"whose+名词"结构来改写。
知识点三“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句1.“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时,关系代词只能用which(指物)或whom(指人),当介词放在关系代词前面时,关系代词不能省略;反之,当介词位于定语从句的末尾时,可用that/which(指物),that/who/whom(指人)作介词的宾语,作介词宾语的关系代词可以省略。
This is the book for which you asked.(which不能省略)这是你所要的书。
This is the book which you asked for.(which可省略)这是你所要的书。
Is this the house in which Shakespeare was born? (which 不能省略)这是莎士比亚出生的房子吗?He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most of which hadn't been cleaned for at least a year.(which不能省略)他付小男孩10美元擦10个窗户,大多数窗户至少一年没有清理过了。
The gentleman about whom you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.(whom不能省略)昨天你告诉我的那个绅士结果是个小偷。
2.“介词+which/whom”中介词的确定分两种情况:(1)与定语从句中的动词构成搭配。
The man I talked about at the meeting is from America.=The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from America.在会议中我谈到的那个人来自美国。
但下面这句中for不可以提前,因为look for是动词短语。
This is the person (whom/who/that) you are looking for.这就是你找的那个人。
专题02 代词、介词和介词短语2018年高考题1.【2018·北京】14. —Good morning, Mr. Lee’s office.—Good morning. I’d like to make an appointment _________ next Wednesday afternoon.A. forB. onC. inD. at【答案】A【解析】考查介词。
句意:——早上好,Lee先生办公室。
——早上好。
我想预约下周三下午(和Mr. Lee 见面)。
make an appointment for意为“为……预约”,是固定搭配,故A选项正确。
点睛:make an appointment with sb.和某人预约;make an appointment for为……预约。
2.【2018·天津】11. Bob thought he couldn't go to the party because he had to write a report, but he went ___________.A. at firstB. after allC. above allD. at random【答案】B点睛:本题侧重考查在特定的语境中辨析短语的能力。
对于短语而言,没有捷径可言,只有老老实实的记忆。
考生除了要充分利用特定语境理解词义,还需要重点关注他们用法上的区别。
3.【2018·江苏】33. China’s soft power grows _______the increasing appreciation and understanding of China globally.A. in line withB. in reply toC. in return forD. in honour of【答案】A【解析】考查介词短语词义辨析及语境理解。
句意:中国的软实力增长与日俱增全球对中国的赏识和理解相一致。
考点介词+关系代词
高考频度:★★★★★难易程度:★★★★☆
1.(2017·江苏卷) In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of ________
purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
A. which
B. its
C. whose
D. whom
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。
分析句子结构可知,one of ________ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation是非限制性定语从句,先行词是the World Food Programme,关系词在非限制性定语从句中作定语,修饰名词purposes,所以用关系代词whose引导,故选C 项。
句意:1963年,联合国成立了世界粮食计划署,其目的之一就是缓解世界范围内的饥荒。
2.(2016 • 江苏卷)Many young people, most _________were well-educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
A. of which
B. of them
C. of whom
D. of those
【答案】C
【解析】考查定语从句。
本题定语从句的先行词是Many young people,关系代词whom指代先行词,在定语从句中作介词of的宾语。
句意:很多年轻人都前往偏远地区追求它们的梦想,其中大部分人都受过良好教育。
故C项正确。
I.用适当的关系词填空
1.(2017·浙江) Italy, _________ has a much weaker tradition of immigration, has witnessed a sharp increase in immigration in recent years.
2.(2017·北京) If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with _________ operation we cannot effectively interfere(干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire.
3. (2017·北京)This is called “herd immunity”, ________ protects the people who get hurt easily, including those ________ can’t be vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too young to get vaccinated and people on ________ the vaccine doesn’t work.
4.Her performances on the stage were perfect,________ made a lot of people admire her.
II.单项填空
1.Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree ________ they can be controlled on purpose.
A.with which
B.to which
C.of which
D.for which
2.Gun control is a subject_________ Americans have argued for a long time.
A.of which
B.with which
C.about which
D.into which
3.Eric received training in computer for one year, ___________ he found a job in a big company.
A.after that
B.after which
C.after it
D.after this
4.True friendship is like health, the value___________is seldom known until it is lost.
A.of it
B.on which
C.of whom
D.of which
5.With more than 17 000 islands, _________ _only 6 000 are inhabited, Indonesia is
the world’s largest archipelago (群岛).
A.on which
B.for which
C.of which
D.along which
6.In nature some animals actively defend the area_________ _ they depend for the resources.
A.in which
B.on which
C.which
D.where
参考答案
I.用适当的关系词填空
1.which
2.whose
3.which, who, whom
4.which
II.单项填空
1.B【解析】考查固定短语的用法。
句意:人类的面部表情和动物的面部表情就可控制的程度
来说是不一样的。
本句是定语从句,先行词是the degree,to the degree是固定短语,意为"到……程度",关系词which在从句中作to的宾语,本句将从句中的介词to提至关系词which前面了。
故选B。
2.C 【解析】考查动词短语的辨析。
句意:对枪的控制是美国人一直争论的一个话题。
argue
about意为"争论";argue with意为"和……争论",所以此处应用介词about。
故选C。
3.B 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句的用法。
在这个非限制性定语从句中,先行词是"Eric
received training in computer for one year"这件事,关系词在从句中作介词after 的宾语,所以关系词应用which。
故选B。
4.D 【解析】考查"介词+关系代词"结构。
句意:真正的友谊犹如健康,直到失去时才知其
可贵。
此处不能用"介词+指示代词"结构;先行词为friendship,指物,故不能用whom;
此处表示所属关系,故介词只能用of,所以B项不符合句意。
故选D。
【温馨提示】本题易误选A项或者C项。
但是考生需要注意,用whom时先行词应指人;如选A,可在逗号后加上连词and。
5.C 【解析】考查"介词+关系代词"引导的定语从句。
分析句子结构可知选C。
of which中
的which指17 000 islands,17 000 islands为先行词。
6.B 【解析】考查"介词+关系代词"引导的定语从句。
本题中介词的选择与定语从句中的动
词有关,depend on是固定搭配,所以选B。
进步,在于总结。
我在这,总结在哪儿?
________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________。