体验英语听说教程pp第四册U1B4-Unit1 Identity part 1

大学体验英语听说教程听力原文【第四册U n i t1】I d e n t i t y -CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1Scripts for Unit OneListening Task 1The neighborhood children my age played together: either active, physical games outdoors or games of dolls-and-house indoors. I, on the other hand, spent much of my childhood alone. I’d curl up in a chair reading fairytales and myths, daydreaming, writing poems or stories and drawing pictures. Sometimes around the fourth grade, my “big” (often critical, judgmental) Grandma, who’d been visiting us said to me, “What’s wrong with youWhy don’t the other children want to play with you?” I remember being startled and confused by her question. I’d never been particularly interested in playing with the other children. It hadn’t, till then, occurred to me that that was either odd or something with me. Nor had it occurrred to me that they didn’t “want to play with”me. My first conscious memory of feeling different was in the fourth grade. At the wardrobe, listening to classmates joking, chattering and laughing with each other, I realized I hadn’t a clue about what was so funny or of how to participate in their easy chatter. They seemed to live in a universe about which I knew nothing at all. I tried to act like others but it was so difficult. I felt confused and disoriented. I turned back to my inner world: reading books, writing and daydreaming. My inwardness grew me in ways that continued to move me further away from the world of my age peers. The easy flow of casual social chat has remained forever beyond my reach and beyond my interest, too.Listening Task 2The greatest difficulty for me is that as a person of mixed origin I am at home neither here nor there. Wherever I am, I am regarded as being foreign, either “white” or “blac k”. It happens to me when I live in my mother’s country of origin, in Switzerland, and it happened to me when I was living in my father’s country, Ivory Coast. I would feel at home where I could feel that people accept me just the way I am! When you are a small child you first do not feel that you are different from the others. But soon the others will make you feel different – and children too can be very cruel in their behavior against the “strange child”. Sometimes incredible incidents happen. Some time ago I was riding my bike somewhere in a little place in Switzarland nearby to where I live. A car drove by, and the male driver opened the window and yelled at me: “Scheiss – Neger – dirty nigger!” I almost froze. I felt helpless and unable to defend myself. When I looked at the number plate, I saw that it was a German number plate. This means that the insulting person himself was a foreigner in this country! How could he dare insult me like thisI felt that I wanted to kill this man. When I recovered I was able to think about it more clearly. These racist people are just stupid and do not know anything about life. Scripts for Unit TwoListening Task 1Everybody cheats. Whether it’s the taxi driver who tricks a visitor and takes hime the long way round, or the shop assistant who doesn’t give the correct change, or the police officer who accepts a bribe – everybody’s at it. Cheats in the news include the scientist whose research was based on fake data, the game show contestant whocollaborated with a friend in the audience to win a million pounds, and the doctor who forged his qualifications and wasn’t really a doctor at all. Everybody cheats; nobody’s playing the game.Is cheating acceptable, a natural way of surviving and being successfulOr is it something that should be frowned on, and young people discouraged from doingIf it’s the latter, how can we explain to children why so many bend the rules?Take sport for example. The pinnacle of football, the World Cup, was rife with cheating. Whether pretending to be hurt or denying a handball, footballers will do anything for a free-kick or a penalty shot. French player Henry denied cheating to win the free-kick which led to his side’s second goal in their 3-1 victory over Spain. Whatever the nationality there’s one common strategy: the player rolls over holding his leg, ankle or head seeming to be in great pain. As a result a yellow card or free-kick is given for the foul and then, a few seconds later, the player is up and about as if nothing had happened!Of course it’s not just the footballers. In 1998 the Tour of France, the world’s greatest cycling event, was hit by a drug-taking scandal. Forty bottles of drugs found with a team triggered a massive investigation that almost caused the cycling tour to be abandoned. One rider was banned for nine months.Listening Task 2A climate of mistrust surrounds everyone.In the field of business, Enron, America’s seventh largest company, could serve as an unfortunate example. Its collapse in 2001 caused thousands of people to lose their jobs and life savings. The company had fooled investors into believing it was healthier than it really was. One boss now faces the rest of life in prison. Meanwhile companies around the world are losing billions of dollars to the counterfeit trade. From cut-price CDs and DVDs to sportswear and cosmetics, cheap fake products are everywhere. It has become socially acceptable to buy fake Gucci bags and illegal copies of films. If parents are doing this, their children will follow.So perhaps it’s not surprising that around the world more pupils than ever are caught cheating during exams. In one case keys to exam papers were put up for sale on the Internet. In another, widespread cheating took place by pupils using their mobile phones to receive texted answers. In a third case, pupils admitted to candidate substitution. They blame the pressure put on them to do well in exams. It doesn’t help that their role models are also cheats. Surely we can’t complain when we’re setting such a bad example.Unit 3 LifestyleListening task 1When she has young children, a stay-at-home mom has two jobs. Her house and her kids. A stay-at-home mom is expected to do all the house cleaning. She is expected to always be the one to get up in the middle of the night, do the school things –room-mother, baker, coordinator, chauffeur and carpooler, etc. often, a stay-at-home mom is expected to take over “daddy-type” chores such as lawn-mowing and taking cars for repair. Imagine sitting in a repair shop with two squirmy toddlers! Theworst thing is that the stay-at-home mom is made to feel guilty for saying “no”. The reason the stay-at-home mom does not get her nails done or have a spa day is she feels guilty for spending family money on herself.Gosh, you all have such hectic lives. I’m dizzy just hearing your daily activities. I guess I have it nice. I have no schedule at all! I get up whn I want. I work my business when I want. I shop when I want to. I wash my hair when I bathe or I don’t wash my hair. When I go to work all I have to do is open up my office door in my house and I’m at work already. No traffic to deal with and there can be 10 feet of snow on the ground and I wouldn’t have to walk an inch of it because my house connects directly to my warehouse! If I get up and don’t feel like working I don’t.Listening task 2I took my first drink and smoked my first marijuana cigarette when I was 12 years old. In high school, I used all kinds of drugs. After high school until I was 21, I did a lot of binge drinking. When I was 31, I started using crack cocaine. That’s when the real problems began.I was addicted to alcohol and cocaine, and my life was a wreck. I tried to quit a number of times. I moved to Mexico and gave up cocaine. I still drank and smoked marijuana, but for the time I lived there, I was off cocaine. I thought that that time off cocaine would completely cure me of any desire for it, but when I got back in town two years later, I started using it again only five days later. Every part of my life was messed up. I remember my oldest son being embarrassed to be seen with me. He would pass me on the street with his friends but he wouldn’t even speak to me. The bottom came for me when I was finally evicted from my apartment. I lost my car, my home and my sons. I looked in the mirror that day, and I couldn’t look myself in the eyes. The next morning, I showed up at the treatment center. The first few days of detox and treatment were hard, but I was convinced that I needed help, so I stayed. I’ve been clean now for five years, and I have a new life.Unit Four FamilyListening Task OneThe traditional American family is a “nuclear family”. A nuclear family refers to a husband and wife and their children. The average American family today has two or three children. In some cultures, people live close to their extended family. Several generations may even live together. In America, only in a few cases does more than one household live under one roof.American values are valued in the home. Many homes are run like a democracy. Each family member can have a say. A sense of equality often exists in Amercan homes. Husbands and wives often share household chores. Often parents give children freedom to make their own decisions. Preschoolers choose what clothes to wear or which toys to buy. Young adults generally make their own choices about what career to pursue and whom to marry.Families in America, like those in every culture, face many problems. Social pressures are breaking apart more and more American homes. Over half of US marriages nowend in divorce. More than one in four American children are growing up in single-parent homes. As a result, many people believe the American family is in trouble. Even so, there is stll reason for hope. Many organizations are working hard to strengthen families. Americans almost unanimously believe that the family is one of the most important parts of life. They realize that problems in family life in recent years have brought serious consequences. As a result, more and more people are making their family a priority. Many women are quitting their jobs to stay home with their children. Families are going on vacations and outings together. Husbands and wives are making a concentrated effort to keep their marriages solid.The United Naitions has declared 1994 the “International Year of Family”. Not just in America, but all over the world, people recognize the importance of a strong family bond.Listening Task TwoWomen are beginning to rise steadily to the top in the workplace all over the developed world, but in the US they are forging ahead. New figures show that in almost a third of American households with a working wife, the woman brings home more money than her husband. They are gaining more college degrees and Masters of Business Administration qualifications than men and now occupy half the country’s high-paying, executive administrative and managerial occupations, compared with 34 per cent 20 years ago.The trend is caused by two main factors, experts say – a growing acceptance of men as househusbands and mass redundancy of male white-collar workers from the technology, finance and media industries in the last three years.The University of Maryland has produced a report that shows women to be the family’s bread-earner-in-chief in 11 per cent of all US marriages. And where bothe spouses work, she now brings in 60 per cent or more of the family income in 30.4 per cent of the households.An economist at the University of Wisconsin said that ambitious women are increasingly looking for househusbands and leave men at the kitchen sink.Unit Five Health and DietListening Task 1I had just turned 40, and has spent most of my adult life working as a public relations consultant with little time to cook, let alone learn how to cook. But a few years ago I made a resolution to start writing down the recipes I had grown up with and posting them to my website. I come from a big family – six kids – and thought what a terrific family project to document our family recipes! Both my mother and father are excellent home cooks; mom raises us all, and dad loves to eat well and enjoys the experimentation of trying out new recipes. I’m spending a lot of time with my parents lately; we cook a meal and then over dinner discuss the finer points of the proper way to prepare the dishes, and whether or not a new recipe was worth the effort.Many of the recipes are family recipes, and many of them are those that we pick from cookbooks, magazines, and newspaper clippings we’ve collected over 30 years. But sometimes it’s hard when you only have a clipping. The recipes shown here usemostly whole food ingredients and only occasionally a few things from cans or prepared foods. We believe in a varied, healthy diet, using real butter, real cream, eggs, and protein from meat, fish, and cheese.About me, my name is Alice Bauer and I am a partner in a consulting firm in the San Francisco Bay Area. I maintain several weblogs in addition to Simply Recipes as part of .Thanks so much for visiting Simply Recipes!Listening Task 2One of my most favorite breakfast is a poached egg on toast, with a side of papaya and lime, including some prosciutto with the papaya. Papaya is filled with enzymes that help digestion, and is even used to tenderize meat. The ingredients you need include: 1 firm but ripe papaya, 2 ounces of thinly sliced prosciutto, and 1/2 lime, cut and sliced into a few wedges. Now let’s go!First, using a vegetable peeler, peel away the outer skin of the papaya. Then cut the papaya in half. Using a metal spoon, scoop out and discard the seeds. By the way, the seeds are edible. They taste peppery, like nasturtium flowers, and can be used in salads. Next, slice the papaya halves into wedges lengthwise. Arrange them on a plate. Now what you need to do is to roll up thin sheets of prosciutto and place them between the papaya wedges. Remember the last thing, squeeze fresh limejuice over the papaya and prosciutto.If you would like to serve the papaya as an appetizer, cut the papaya into 1-inch pieces, sprinkle on some lime juice, wrap each piece with some prosciutto, and secure with a tooth pick. It serves 2-4.Unit Six TravelListening Task 1I was spending my summer in a remote village in Ghana. I got afflicted with “the runny stomach”, as the family I lived with called it. After 5 days of the runny stomach, we left the village and took a 12-hour car ride to the capital city. Needless to say, 12-hour car rides and runny stomachs aren’t compatible. Once we had to stop in a village, greet the 20 or so people that were there, give a detailed explanation of my condition, and then I was allowed to use a brand-new porcelain toilet. I was very embarrassed because they had someone clean the toilet and stand outside while I did my noisy business. Through a crack in the bathroom wall I could hear some kids washing the dishes. I was splendid entertainment for the kids. Each time I let out some gas, I heard squeals of delight and hysterical laughter. They also muttered about “runny stomach”. But the highlight of my sickness had to be the wedding we attended in the capital. There I was greeted by countless guests. They asked about the details of my stomach condition. On my 8th day of sickness, we went to a private hospital and for the next two weeks I took lots of prescribed antibiotics and drank bottles of oral rehydration salts. My condition began improving in about two days. Much to my disappointment, the stool and blood samples came back negative, so my condition was a result of a change of diet. Needless to say, I learned not to be shy about stomach conditions.Listening Task 2When he realized that his short-term memory was failing, my husband decided to wear a multi-pocketed vest. The vest, with its 17 pockets each serving a purpose, did work for a while. Things were going so well that he started to relax a little and one day he turned back to his traditional pants-pocket wallet.Just seconds after boarding the crowded Rome subway, a pickpocket was attracted by the familiar bulge. My husband stared at him for a moment. Finally the would-be thief withdrew and joined the crowd.My partner became more careful, and the next time he was better organized, all the essentials in their assigned pockets. We had checked in for our flight to Athens. Before boarding I casually asked where his Swiss army knife was. His hand immediately went to the pocket designated for the knife, and found it safe there. Then his face fell: safe, that is , for anything but air travel.Realizing that his precious knife would be taken away at security, he returned to the check-in counter. Fortunately, the frowning attendant agreed to pack his knife in a little box and check it separately.By the time we got to Athens at midnight we were both exhausted. Our luggage emerged and all the other passengers were gone. My husband was still watching the carousel going round and round and round. Finally, he went to find a baggage handler and a half hour later reappeared triumphantly with his knife.Unit Seven LanguageListening Task 1Jessica Bucknam shouts “tiao!” and her fourth-grade students jump. “Dun!” she commands, and they crouch. They giggle as the commands keep coming in Mandarin Chinese. Most of the kids have studied Chinese since they were in kindergarten. They are part of a Chinese-immersion program at Woodstock Elementary School, in Portland, Oregon. Bucknam, who is from China, introduces her students to approximately 150 new Chinese characters each year. Students read stories, sing songs and learn math and science, all in Chinese.Half of the students at the school are enrolled in the program. They can continue studying Chinese in middle and high school. The goal: to speak like natives.About 24,000 American students are currently learning Chinese. Most are in high school. But the number of younger students is growing in response to China’s emergence as a global superpower. The U.S government is helping to pay for language instruction. Recently, the Defense Department gave Oregon schools $700,000 for classes like Bucknam’s. The Senate is considering giving $1.3 billion for Chinese classes in public schools.“China has become a stong partner of the United States,” says Mary Patterson, Woodstock’s principal. “Children who learn Chinese at a young age will have more opportunities for jobs in the future.” Isabel Weiss, 9, isn't thinking about the future. She thinks learning Chinese is fun. “When you hear people speaking in Chinese, you know what they’re saying,” she says. “And they don’t know that you know.”Want to learn ChineseYou have to memorize 3,500 characters to really know it all! Start with these Chinese characters and their pronunciations.Listening Task 2An idiom is an expression whose meaning cannot be deduced from the literal definitions and the arrangement of its parts, but refers instead to a figurative meaning that is known only through conventional use. In the English expression to kick the bucket, a listener knowing only the meaning of kick and bucket would be unable to deduce the expression’s actual meaning, which is to die. Although kick the bucket can refer literally to the act of striking a bucket with a foot, native speakers rarely use it that way.Idioms hence tend to confuse those not already familiar with them; students of a new language must learn its idiomatic expressions the way they learn its other vocabulary. In fact many natural language words have idiomatic origins, but have been sufficiently assimilated so that their figurative senses have been lost. Interestingly, many Chinese characters are likewise idiomatic constructs, as their meanings are more often not traceable to a literal meaning of their assembled parts, or radicals. Because all characters are composed from a relatively small base of about 214 radicals, their assembled meanings follow several different modes of interpretation – from the pictographic to the metaphorical to those whose original meaning has been lost in history.Real world listeningQ: Why are some idioms so difficult to be understood outside of the local culture?A: Idioms are, in essence, often colloquial metaphors – terms which requires some foundational knowledge, information, or experience, to use only within a culture where parties must have common reference. As cultures are typically localized, idioms are more often not useful for communication outside of that local context.Q: Are all idioms translatable across languages?A: Not all idioms are translatable. But the most common idioms can have deep roots, traceable across many languages. To have blood on one’s hands is a familiar example, whose meaning is obvious. These idioms can be more universally used than others, and they can be easily translated, or their metaphorical meaning can be more easily deduced. Many have translations in other languages, and tend to become international.Q: How are idioms different from others in vocabulary?A: First, the meaning of an idiom is not a straightforward composition of the meaning of its parts. For example, the meaning of kick the bucket has nothing to do with kicking buckets. Second, one cannot substitute a word in an idiom with a related word. For example, we can not say kick the pail instead of kick the bucket although bucket and pail are synonyms. Third, one can not modify an idiom or applysyntactic transformations. For example, John kicked the green bucket or the bucket was kicked has nothing to do with dying.Unit 8 ExaminationListening Task 1At first, fifth-grader Edward Lynch didn’t pay much attention to his teacher’s warnings about the big tests the class would take at the end of the school year. But two weeks before North Carolina’s first-ever elementary-promotion exams, Edward says he’s scared. He’s a B student but an erratic test taker. “The other night I had a dream my books were squishing me and pencils were stabbing me,” says the 11-year-old. His classmate West Bullock says, “I have friends who throw up the night before tests.” Their teacher, Kelly Allen, worries that half of her 21 students are at risk of failing next week’s multiple-choice tests on math and reading. If they fail, they won’t be able to graduate to middle school.In 1996 the state of North Carolina launched its ABCs testing program, a carrot-and-stick approach that holds schools responsible for their students’ educational progress. Over the next four years, scores on statewide tests rose 14%. But critics of the program say the cost has been high, in ways that range from stomachaches to insomnia and depression.Schools, also, are sacrificing important lessons in science, social studies and foreign languages to focus on concepts that will be tested. Thus the harmful practices such as retention in grade and tracking are encouraged. High school biology students no longer dissect frogs. A history teacher doesn’t assign research papers because they don’t help him prepare students for state-mandated tests. Lisa, a mother of a struggling fifth-grader said. “If they have kids with straight A’s, they think it’s fine, but I think there’s too much pressure with this pass-fail system.” She views the accountability system as a social experiment whose outcome is not yet known. Listening Task 2No one wants to be tested. We would all like to get a driver’s license without answering questions about right of way or showing that we can parallel park a car. Many future lawyers and doctors probably wish they could join their profession without taking an exam.But tests and standards are a necessary fact of life. They protect us – most of the time – from inept drivers, hazardous products and shoddy professionals. In schools too, exams play a constructive role. They tell teachers what their students have learned – and have not. They tell parents how their children are doing compared with others their age. They encourage students to exert more effort.Therefore, formal testing has its place in the overall scope of education. The test data can be very useful in making decisions for the upcoming school year as well as for long term planning. Besides, the parents need accountability to themselves. Welcome the opportunity to discover their child’s strengths and weaknesses and to ascertain needs that should be addressed or pieces that are missing in the student’s academic training.However, all tests have a margin of error. Several factors will affect tests scores, including rapport established with examiner, health of students, lack of sleep thenight before, temperature of testing room, attention span, and many other variables. In other words, don’t fall apart if the scores aren’t what you think they should have been. They are just test scores and tests are not infallible.。

大学英语听说教程第4册答案Unit 1Part B TextExercise 1: 1. b 2. c 3.aExercise 2: 1. F 2. T 3. F 4.F 5. F. 6.F 7.T 8.F 9.T 10.TPart C 1. c 2. d 3. c 4. a 5. bUnit 2Part B TextExercise 1: 1. d 2. b 3. d 4. c 5. d 6. aExercise 2: (omitted)Part CAmericans move about a great deal at parties....as soon as there are more people than chairs in a room...you will see first one and then another make some excuse to get to his feet sitting becomes staticintroduce themselvesdrift around a roomyou are expected to reply by giving your name and introducing the person with youmerely nod and smileshe extends itjust nods and greets heUnit 3Part B Text Exercise 1:radio/TVcelebrations/worlda weekly column/Daily Starcan't affordcouple/hundredeighteen/age/accepted/adult/vote/buy wines/drive a carconsidered/mature/boysTurkey, Egypt, Indonesia, and Senegal.Exercise 2: 1.F 2.F 3.T 4.F 5.F 6.F 7.F 8.TPart C 1.F 2.F 3.T 4.F 5.F 6.T 7.T 8.F 9.T 10.FUnit 4Part B Text Exercise 1:put the OHP on the tablepress the buttons in and lift this part up until it snaps into placeturn the OHP round so the head is facing towards the screen or a white wall plug it inswitch it onplace the transparency on the stagemove the flap up or down to raise or lower the imageturn the wheel to make the image sharpExercise 2:place the OHP about 2 meters from the wall or screena screen works better than a wallleave the OHP switched on when using it and place a piece of paper over the glassPart Cin the address book or contact list"CCs" stands for copies of a message. when you want other people to get copies of the same email message, you send them "CCs".you can copy sentences and paste them in other placesyou can run the spell checkeryou double click the word an type the new word over it.Unit 5 Part B Text Exercise 1: 1. D 2. C 3. D 4. CExercise 2:Firstly, it is a fact that some people were born with better memories. Secondly, different things are kept in different parts of the brain. Ideas, words and numbers are stored in the left-hand side and images, sounds and smells in the right-hand side.Thirdly, unusual experiences can produce chemicals such as adrenaline in our body which can boost memory.Fourthly, how well we remember something is also affected by the context in which we learn about it.Finally, the more often you recall a memory, the more likely you are to remember it. If you don't, you lose it.Part C FourBecause Australia is shaped a bit like a dog.Break it into smaller ones and then think of what the numbers remind us of. Try to follow the directions in our mind.Try to build them into a story.Unit 6Part B TextExercise 1: 1. C 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. A 6. BExercise 2:if a man with a fortune cannot make himself easier and freer than those who are not, he gains nothing. Nothing except glittering baggage that must be attended to.the larger a man's roof, the more snow it collects.the lust for comfort is a stealthy thing that enters the house a guest, and then becomes a host, and then a master.things are in the saddle, and ride mankind.Part C Exercise: 1.c 2.d 3.a 4.b 5.bUNIT7Excrcise 11.Smoking in public places is being restricted more and more in the U.S.2.The speaker is neutral about it.3.People's homes.4.It was classified as a drug like cocaine in 1996.5.The United States is the country where tobacco originated.Exercise21. Throughout the United States, the number of places where people are allowed to smoke has gradually dwindled .2. In fact, smoking in parks and recreation centers is already banned in California.3. Since January 12002 , all parks in California have become smoke-free to safeguard children from the harmful effects of secondhand tobacco smoke and dangerous tobacco waste.4. Scientists all over the world agree that exposure to secondhand smoke poses a serious health risk and there is no safe level of exposure .5. It is especially dangerous for children because when they are exposed to tobacco smoke, they have much higher rates of lung diseases.。

Scripts for Unit OneListe ning Task 1The n eighborhood childre n my age played together: either active, physical games outdoors or games of dolls-a nd-house in doors. I, on the other hand, spe nt much of my childhood alone. I ' d curl up in a chair reading fairytales and myths, daydreaming, writ ing poems or stories and draw ing pictures. Sometimes around the fourth grade, my “big ” (often critical, judgmental) Grandma, who ' d been visiting us said tome, “ What' s wrong with you Why don ' t the other children want to play with you ”I remember being startled and con fused by her questi on. I ' d n ever bee n particularly interested in playing with the other children. It hadn ' t, till then, occurred tome that that was either odd or someth ing with me. Nor had it occurrred to me that they didn ' t “want to play with ” me. Myfirst conscious memoryof feeling different was in the fourth grade. At the wardrobe, listening to classmates joking, chatteringand laughing with each other, I realized I hadn ' t a clue about what was so funnyor of how to participate in their easy chatter. They seemed to live in a uni verse about which I knew nothing at all. I tried to act like others but it was so difficult.I felt con fused and disorie nted. I turned back to my inner world: readi ng books,writ ing and daydream ing. My in ward ness grew me in ways that continued to move me further away from the world of my age peers. The easy flow of casual social chat has rema ined forever bey ond my reach and bey ond my in terest, too.Liste ning Task 2The greatest difficulty for meis that as a pers on of mixed origi n I amat home neither here nor there. Wherever I am, I am regarded as being foreign, either “white ” or “blac k” . It happens to me when I live in my mother ' s country of origin, in Switzerland, and it happened to mewhen I was living in my father ' s country, Ivory Coast. I would feel at home where I could feel that people accept me just the wayI am! When you are a small child you first do not feel that you are different fromIIthe others. But soon the others will make you feel different - and children toocan be very cruel in their behavior against the “ strange child ” . Sometimesin credible in cide nts happe n. Sometime ago I was ridi ng my bike somewhere in a little place in Switzarland nearby to where I live. A car drove by, and the male driver opened the window and yelled at me: “ Scheiss - Neger - dirty nigger! ” I almost froze. I felt helpless and unable to defend myself. WhenI looked at the number plate, I saw that it was a German number plate. This means that the insulting person himself was a foreig ner in this coun try! How could he dare in sult me like this I felt thatI wan ted to kill this man. WhenI recovered I was able to th ink about it more clearly. These racist people are just stupid and do not know anything about life.Scripts for Unit TwoListe ning Task 1Everybody cheats. Whether it ' s the taxi driver who tricks a visitor and takes hime the long way round, or the shop assistant who doesn ' t give the correct change, orthe police officer who accepts a bribe - everybody ' s at it. Cheats in the newsin clude the scie ntist whose research was based on fake data, the gameshow con testa nt who collaborated with a friend in the audienee to win a million pounds, and the doctor who forged his qualifications and wasn' t really a doctor at all. Everybody cheats;no body' s play ing the game.Is cheati ng acceptable, a n atural way of survivi ng and being successful Or is itsomething that should be frowned on, and young people discouraged from doing If it ' s the latter, how can we explain to children why so many bend the rulesTake sport for example. The pinn acle of football, the World Cup, was rife withcheating. Whether pretending to be hurt or denying a handball, footballers will do anything for a free-kick or a pen alty shot. French player Henry denied cheati ng towin the free-kick which led to his side ' s second goal in their 3-1 victory overSpain. Whatever the n ati on ality there ' s one com mon strategy: the player rolls over22holdi ng his leg, an kle or head seem ing to be in great pain. As a result a yellowcard or free-kick is given for the foul and then, a few seconds later, the playeris up and about as if nothing had happe ned!Of course it ' s not just the footballers .In 1998 the Tour of France, the world ' s greatest cycli ng eve nt, was hit by a drug-tak ing sca ndal. Forty bottles of drugs found with a team triggered a massive investigation that almost caused the cyclingtour to be aba ndon ed. One rider was banned for nine mon ths.Liste ning Task 2A climate of mistrust surro unds every one.In the field of bus in ess, Enron, America ' s seve nth largest compa ny, could serveas an unfortun ate example. Its collapse in 2001 caused thousa nds of people to losetheir jobs and life savings. The company had fooled investors into believing it was healthier tha n it really was. One boss now faces the rest of life in pris on.Meanwhile companies around the world are losing billions of dollars to thecoun terfeit trade. From cut-price CDs and DVDs to sportswear and cosmetics, cheap fake products are everywhere. It has become socially acceptable to buy fake Gucci bags and illegal copies of films. If pare nts are doing this, their childre n will follow.So perhaps it ' s not surprising that around the world more pupils than ever are caught cheating during exams. In one case keys to exam papers were put up for sale on the Internet. In another, widespread cheating took place by pupils using their mobile phones to receive texted an swers .In a third case, pupils admitted to can didate substitution. They blame the pressure put on them to do well in exams. It doesn ' t help that their role models are also cheats. Surely we can ' t complain when we ' resett ing such a bad example.Un it 3 Lifestyle Liste ning task 1 33When she has young childre n, a stay-at-home momhas two jobs. Her house and her kids.A stay-at-home momis expected to do all the house cleaning. She is expected to always be the one to get up in the middle of the night, do the school things - room-mother, baker, coord in ator, chauffeur and carpooler, etc. ofte n, a stay-at-home mom is expected to take over “daddy-type ” chores such as lawn-mowing and taking cars for repair. Imagine sitting in a repair shop with two squirmy toddlers! The worst thingis that the stay-at-home mom is made to feel guilty for saying “ no” . The reason the stay-at-home momdoes not get her nails done or have a spa day is she feels guilty for spe nding family money on herself.Gosh, you all have such hectic lives. I ' m dizzy just hearing your daily activities.I guess I have it nice. I have no schedule at all! I get up whn I wan t. I work mybus in ess whe n I want. I shop whe n I want to. I wash my hair when I bathe or I don' t wash my hair. When I go to work all I have to do is open up my office door in my house and I ' m at work already. No traffic to deal with and there can be 10 feet of snow on the ground and I wouldn ' t have to walk an inch of it because my houseconnects directly to mywarehouse! If I get up and don' t feel like working I don' t.Liste ning task 2I took my first drink and smoked my first marijua na cigarette whe n I was 12 yearsold. In high school, I used all kinds of drugs. After high school until I was 21,I did a lot of binge drinking. Whenl was 31, I started using crack cocaine. That' s whe n the real problems bega n.I was addicted to alcohol and cocaine, and my life was a wreck. I tried to quit anu mber of times. I moved to Mexico and gave up coca in e. I still dra nk and smoked marijua na, but for the time I lived there, I was off coca in e. I thought that that time off cocaine would completely cure me of any desire for it, but when I got back in town two years later, I started using it again onlyfive days later. Every partof my life was messed up. I remember my oldest son being embarrassed to be seen with me. He would pass me on the street with his friends but he wouldn ' t even speak to me. The bottom came for me whe n I was fin ally evicted from my apartme nt. I lost my car, myhome and my sons. I looked in the mirror that day, and I couldn ' t look myself in the eyes. The n ext mornin g, I showed up at the treatme nt cen ter. The first few days of detox and treatme nt were hard, but I was convinced that I n eeded help, soI stayed. I ' ve been clean now for five years, and I have a new life.Un it Four FamilyListe ning Task OneThe traditional American family is a “ nuclear family ” . A nuclear family refersto a husband and wife and their children. The average American family today has two or three childre n. In some cultures, people live close to their exte nded family.Several generations may even live together. In America, only in a few cases does more tha n one household live un der one roof.America n values are valued in the home. Many homes are run like a democracy. Each family member can have a say. A sense of equality ofte n exists in Amerca n homes.Husbands and wives often share household chores. Often parents give children freedom to make their own decisions. Preschoolers choose what clothes to wear or which toys to buy. Young adults gen erally make their own choices about what career to pursue and whom to marry.Families in America, like those in every culture, face many problems. Social pressures are breaking apart more and more American homes. Over half of US marriages now end in divorce. More than one in four American children are growing up in single-parent homes. As a result, many people believe the American family is in trouble.Even so, there is stll reas on for hope. Many orga ni zati ons are work ing hard tostre ngthe n families. America ns almost unanim ously believe that the family is one55of the most important parts of life. They realize that problems in family life inrecent years have brought serious con seque nces. As a result, more and more peopleare making their family a priority. Many womenare quitting their jobs to stay homewith their children. Families are going on vacations and outings together. Husbands and wives are making a concen trated effort to keep their marriages solid.The United Naitions has declared 1994 the "International Year of Family ” . Not just in America, but all over the world, people recognize the importanee of a strong family bon d.Liste ning Task TwoWomen are beginning to rise steadily to the top in the workplace all over thedeveloped world, but in the USthey are forging ahead. Newfigures show that in almost a third of American households with a working wife, the womanbrings home more money than her husba nd. They are gaining more college degrees and Masters of Busin essAdm ini strati on qualificati ons tha n men and now occupy half the country ' shigh-pay ing, executive admi nistrative and man agerial occupati ons, compared with 34 per cent 20 years ago.The trend is caused by two main factors, experts say - a growing acceptanee of men as househusbands and mass redundancy of male white-collar workers from the tech no logy, finance and media in dustries in the last three years.The University of Maryland has produced a report that shows womento be the family ' sbread-ear ner-in-chief in 11 per cent of all US marriages. And where bothe spouses work, she now brings in 60 per cent or more of the family in come in per cent of the households.An econo mist at the Uni versity of Wisc onsin said that ambitious wome n arein creas in gly look ing for househusba nds and leave men at the kitche n sink.Un it Five Health and DietListe ning Task 166I had just turned 40, and has spent most of myadult life working as a public relations consultant with little time to cook, let alone learn how to cook. But a few years ago I made a resolutionbig family - six kids - and thought whata terrific family project to document our family recipes! Both my mother and father are excelle nt home cooks; mom raises us all, and dad loves to eat well and enjoys the experimentation of trying out new recipes. I ' m spending a lot of time with my parents lately; we cook a meal and then over dinner discuss the finer points of the proper way to prepare the dishes, and whether or not a new recipe was worth the effort. Many of the recipes are family recipes, and many of them are those that we pick from cookbooks, magazines, and newspaper clippings we ' ve collected over 30 years. But sometimes it ' s hard when you only have a clipping.The recipes shown here use mostly whole food in gredie nts and only occasi on ally a few things from cans or prepared foods. Webelieve in a varied, healthy diet, using real butter, real cream, eggs, and proteinfrom meat, fish, and cheese.About me, my n ame is Alice Bauer and I am a part ner in a con sult ing firm in the SanFran cisco Bay Area. I maintain several weblogs in additi on to Simply Recipes as part of .Thanks so much for visit ing Simply Recipes!Liste ning Task 2One of my most favorite breakfast is a poached egg on toast, with a side of papaya and lime, including some prosciutto with the papaya. Papaya is filled with enzymesthat help digestion, and is even used to tenderize meat. The ingredients you need include: 1 firm but ripe papaya, 2 ounces of thinly sliced prosciutto, and 1/2 lime,cut and sliced into a few wedges. Now let ' s go!First, using a vegetable peeler, peel away the outer skin of the papaya. Then cut the papaya in half. Using a metal spo on, scoop out and discard the seeds. By the77way, the seeds are edible. They taste peppery, like nasturtium flowers, and can be used in salads. Next, slice the papaya halves into wedges lengthwise. Arrange them on a plate. Nowwhat you need to do is to roll up thin sheets of prosciutto and place them betwee n the papayawedges. Remember the last thing, squeeze fresh limejuice over the papaya and prosciutto.If you would like to serve the papaya as an appetizer, cut the papaya into 1-inch pieces, sprinkle on some lime juice, wrap each piece with some prosciutto, and secure with a tooth pick. It serves 2-4. Un it Six TravelListe ning Task 1I was spe nding my summer in a remote village in Ghan a. I got afflicted with “ the runny stomach ” , as the family I lived with called it. After 5 days of the runny stomach, we left the village and took a 12-hour car ride to the capital city. Needlessto say, 12-hour car rides and runny stomachs aren ' t compatible. Once we had to stop in a village, greet the 20 or so people that were there, give a detailed explanation of my condition, and then I was allowed to use a brand-new porcelain toilet. I was very embarrassed because they had some one clea n the toilet and sta nd outside while I did my no isy bus in ess. Through a crack in the bathroom wall I could hear some kids wash ing the dishes. I was sple ndid en terta inment for the kids. Each time I let out some gas, I heard squeals of delight and hysterical laughter. They also muttered about “ runny stomach ” . But the highlight of my sickness had to be the wedding we atte nded in the capital. There I was greeted by coun tless guests. They asked about the details of my stomach condition. On my 8th day of sickness, we went to a private hospital and for the next two weeks I took lots of prescribed antibiotics and drank bottles of oral rehydration salts. My condition began improving in about two days. Much to my disappo in tme nt, the stool and blood samples came back n egative, so my con diti on was a result of a cha nge of diet. Needless to say, I lear ned not to be88shy about stomach con diti ons.Liste ning Task 2Whenhe realized that his short-term memory was failing, my husband decided to weara multi-pocketed vest. The vest, with its 17 pockets each serv ing a purpose, didwork for a while. Things were going so well that he started to relax a little andone day he turned back to his traditi onal pan ts-pocket wallet.Just seconds after boarding the crowded Romesubway, a pickpocket was attracted by the familiar bulge. My husband stared at him for a moment. Finally the would-be thief withdrew and joined the crowd.My part ner became more careful, and the next time he was better orga ni zed, all theesse ntials in their assig ned pockets. We had checked in for our flight to Athe ns.Before boarding I casually asked where his Swiss army knife was. His hand immediately went to the pocket designated for the knife, and found it safe there. Then his face fell: safe, that is , for any thi ng but air travel.Realiz ing that his precious knife would be take n away at security, he retur ned tothe check-in counter. Fortunately, the frowning attendant agreed to pack his knifein a little box and check it separately.By the time we got to Athens at midnight we were both exhausted. Our luggage emerged and all the other passengers were gone. My husband was still watching the carousel going round and round and round. Fin ally, he went to find a baggage han dler and ahalf hour later reappeared triumpha ntly with his knife.Un it Seven Lan guageListe ning Task 1Jessica Bucknam shouts “tiao! ” and her fourth-grade students jump. “Dun!” she comma nds, and they crouch. They giggle as the comma nds keep coming in Man dari nChin ese. Most of the kids have studied Chin ese since they were in kin dergarte n.They are part of a Chin ese-immers ion program at Woodstock Eleme ntary School, i nPortia nd, Orego n. Buck nam, who is from China, in troduces her stude nts to approximately 150 new Chin ese characters each year. Stude nts read stories, sing songs and lear n math and scie nee, all in Chin ese.Half of the students at the school are enrolled in the program. They can continue studying Chinese in middle and high school. The goal: to speak like natives. About 24,000 America n stude nts are curre ntly lear ning Chin ese. Most are in high school. But the number of younger students is growing in response to China ' s emerge nee as a global superpower. The gover nment is help ing to pay for Ian guage in struct ion. Rece ntly, the Defense Departme nt gave Oreg on schools $700,000 for classes like Buck nam ' s. The Sen ate is con sideri ng givi ng $ billi on for Chin ese classes in public schools.“ China has become a stong part ner of the Un ited States, ” says Mary Patters on, Woodstock' s principal. “ Children who learn Chinese at a young age will have more opport un ities for jobs in the future. ” Isabel Weiss, 9, is n't thinking about thefuture. She thinks lear ning Chin ese is fun. “ When you hear people speak ing in Chinese, you know what they ' re saying, ” she says. “And they don' t know that you know. ”Want to lear n Chin ese You have to memorize 3,500 characters to really know it all!Start with these Chin ese characters and their pronun ciati ons.Liste ning Task 2An idiom is an expression whose meaning cannot be deduced from the literal defi niti ons and the arran geme nt of its parts, but refers in stead to a figurative meaning that is known only through conven ti onal use. In the En glish expressi on to kick the bucket , a listener knowing only the meaning of kick and bucket would be unable to deduce the expression ' s actual meaning, which is to die . Although kickthe bucket can refer literally to the act of striking a bucket with a foot, native speakers rarely use it that way.Idioms hence tend to con fuse those n ot already familiar with them; stude nts of a new Ianguage must learn its idiomatic expressions the way they learn its other vocabulary .In fact many n atural la nguage words have idiomatic origi ns, but have bee n sufficie ntly assimilated so that their figurative sen ses have bee n lost.Interestingly, many Chinese characters are likewise idiomatic constructs, as their meanings are more often not traceable to a literal meaning of their assembled parts, or radicals. Because all characters are composed from a relatively small base of about 214 radicals, their assembled meanings follow several differe nt modes ofinterpretation —from the pictographic to the metaphorical to those whose originalmeaning has bee n lost in history.Real world liste ningQ: Whyare some idioms so difficult to be understood outside of the local cultureA: Idioms are, i n esse nee, ofte n colloquial metaphors - terms which requires some foundational knowledge, information, or experienee, to use only within a culture where parties must have com mon referen ce. As cultures are typically localized, idioms are more often not useful for communication outside of that local con text.Q: Are all idioms tran slatable across Ian guagesA: Not all idioms are tran slatable. But the most com mon idioms can have deeproots, traceable across many Ian guages. To have blood on one' s han ds is a familiar example, whose meaning is obvious. These idioms can be more uni versally used tha n others, and they can be easily translated, or their metaphorical meaning can be more easily deduced. Many have tran slati ons in other Ian guages, and tend to become intern ati on al.Q: How are idioms differe nt from others in vocabularyA: First, the meaning of an idiom is not a straightforward composition of the meaning of its parts. For example, the meaning of kick the bucket has no thi ng todo with kick ing buckets. Second, one cannot substitute a word in an idiom with a related word. For example, we can not say kick the pail in stead of kick the bucket although bucket and pail are synonyms. Third, one can not modify an idiom or apply syntactic transformations. For example, John kicked the green bucket or the bucketwas kicked has nothing to do with dying .Un it 8 Exam in ati onListe ning Task 1At first, fifth-grader Edward Lynch didn ' t pay much attention to his teacher ' s warnings about the big tests the class would take at the end of the school year.But two weeks before North Carolina ' s first-ever elementary-promotion exams, Edward says he ' s scared. He ' s a B student but an erratic test taker. “ The other night I had a dream my books were squishing me and pencils were stabbing me, ” says the 11-year-old. His classmate West Bullock says, "I have friends who throw up theni ght before tests. ” Their teacher, Kelly Alle n, worries that half of her 21students are at risk of failing next week ' s multiple-choice tests on math and reading. If they fail, they won ' t be able to graduate to middle school.In 1996 the state of North Carolina launched its ABCs testing program, a carrot-and-stick approach that holds schools responsible for their students ' educational progress. Over the next four years, scores on statewide tests rose 14%.But critics of the program say the cost has been high, in ways that range from stomachaches to insomnia and depressi on.Schools, also, are sacrificing important lessons in scienee, social studies andforeign Ianguages to focus on concepts that will be tested. Thus the harmful practices such as retention in grade and tracking are encouraged. High school biology stude nts no Ion ger dissectfrogs. A history teacher does n' t assig n research papers 1212because they don ' t help him prepare students for state-mandated tests. Lisa, amother of a struggling fifth-grader said. "If they have kids with straight A ' s, they think it ' s fine, but I think there 's too much pressure with this pass-fail system. ” She views the accountability system as a social experiment whose outcomeis not yet known.Liste ning Task 2No one wants to be tested. We would all like to get a driver ' s license without answering questions about right of way or showing that we can parallel park a car.Many future lawyers and doctors probably wish they could join their professi on without tak ing an exam.But tests and standards are a necessary fact of life. They protect us - most of the time —from in ept drivers, hazardous products and shoddy professi on als. In schools too, exams play a constructive role. They tell teachers what their studentshave learned —and have not. They tell parents how their children are doing comparedwith others their age. They en courage stude nts to exert more effort.Therefore, formal testing has its place in the overall scope of education. The test data can be very useful in making decisi ons for the upco ming school year as well as for long term planning. Besides, the parents need accountability to themselves.Welcome the opport unity to discover their child ' s stre ngths and weak nesses and to ascertain needs that should be addressed or pieces that are missing in the student ' s academic training. However, all tests have a marg in of error. Several factors will affect tests scores, including rapport established with examiner, health of students, lack of sleep the night before, temperature of testing room, attention span, and many other variables.In other words, don ' t fall apart if the scores aren ' t what you think they shouldhave bee n. They are just test scores and tests are not in fallible.。

Unit 1一. all-white ;racial identity ;self-conscious ;worried ;caught ;identifying with ;African Americans ;more confused ;believe ;beaccepted ;community ;belonging二.introverted/shy/timid三.1.his way of being was unusual/there was something wrong with the speaker.2.he never thought his way of being was problematic/he never wanted to play with the other children.3.confused/different/disoriented.四.1.play games ;reading and writing ;reacted to ;what's wrong with you ;had an interest ;only natural ;want to play with ;feel myself different ;a different universe ;my inner world ;further away ;casual social chat五.being refused by both societies六.Department manager七.1.B 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.C八.1.plane ;think about ;going shopping 2.wrong ;moreimportant ;bonding 3.stores ;looking for ;handbag ;black leather dresses 4.a couple of ;really fitted ;How much 5.save up ;go shopping ;go with you ;what are you going to get 6.kidding ;affordto 7.jeans ;enjoy myself ;on holiday ;something 8.anyone ;worry about ;no need to ;cooking dinner十.1.funny ;tourist ;passport 2.pulling ;dead 3.brightness ;grabbed4.poor ;extra5.renewed6.inconvenient ;documents十二.1.panic ;misplaced 2.everywhere ;rubbish 3.world 4.two-step ; police 5.straightforward ;SECURITYunit 2一.1.Forgiveness 2.Integrity ;fashionable 3.ungrateful ;inability4.honesty5.Patience ;tolerance ;perseverance6.Flexibility ;essentialpassion二. A taxi driver who takes a visitor the long way around cheats./Footballers who pretend to be hurt for a free-kick cheat./Riders who take drugs in a cycling tour cheat.三.1.Footballers will do nothing for a free-kick or a penalty shot.2.In 1998,the world's greatest cycling event was hit by a drug-taking scandal./From bottles drugs were found with a team in the cycling tour./One rider was banned for nine months because of drug problem.四. Fake products are everywhere./It has become socially acceptable to buy fake Gucci bags./More pupils than ever are caught cheating during exams. 五.Keys to exam papers were put up for sale on the Internet./Cheating took place by pupils using their mobile phones to receivetexted answers./Pupils admitted to candidate substitution.六.George lied to his father七.1.c 2.d 3.a 4.b 5.e八.disapproving ;oddballs ;bizarre ;greasy-haired ;parental ;eccentric ;oppose ;fancied ;guaranteed ;encountered ;dissuade ;lovesick ;wily ;approach ;get-t ogether ;universal ;fulfill ;witness十.1.settle ;thirty 2.wouldn't ;born 3.personality ;compatible5.ox ;loyal6.natured ;sociable十二.1.extroverted ;introverted 2.versus ;debate 4.behavior ;theo ry 5.determines 6.hung 7.Nonetheless ;intelligentunit3一.1.carpooling ;drive ;dizzy ;rage 2.chores ;laundry ;allowance 3.relapse ;cig arettes ;row二.A home business owner→the second speaker A stay-at-home mom→the first speaker三.需挂时间四.drug五.需挂时间六.c c七.soak ;surf ;foreigncuisines ;sacred ;connoisseur ;expressway ;preferred ;cyber ;contemporary ;fl at-screen monitor;vacation ;precisely ;soothingly ;promise ;virulent ;orderup ;crack ;dragons ;relic ;comforts九.1.equality 2.sign ;wage 3.disoriminatory ;professionals ;administr ators 4.average ;female 5.improvement ;direction十一pelling 2.empowerment 4.feminists ;opportunities 5.s ensitive ;discriminates ;Non-discriminatory ; 7.sales representativeunit4一.1.financial hardship ;die prematurely 2.sexual equality ;stay athome 3.lose their social status 4.bringup their children 5.afford nurseries 6.Divorce ;toughing itout 7.investment ;are dedicated to二.1.democracy 2.breaking apart 3.strengthen families三.1.Each family member can have a say/A sense of equality often exists in American homes2.Over half of US marriages now end in divorce3.Many women are quitting their jobs to stay home with their children./Families are going on vacations and outingstogether./Husbands and wives are making a concentrated effort to keep their marriages solid四.househusbands五.There is a growing acceptance of men as househusbands./Male white-collar workers were excessive in the last three years六.There is an increasing need for one parent to hold down the fort and take care of the kids./Young women put their personal happiness before a big salary or high-powered career./And for a mother,watching her children growing up is the greatest pleasure even in the worldMany women are highly educated and they have tremendous earningpotential./Dropping out of the workforce means a reducation in work experience and the loss of a promotion ./She will completely lose her identity七.not altogether ;fresh from a recent divorce ;was ironing ;occurred ;keep trackof ;appointments ;keep them mende d ;nurturing ;arranges ;with their peers ;miss classes ;physical needs ;pick up after me ;replaced when needed ;personal things ;the minute ;rambling complaints ;come across ;course of studies九.1.tiff ;hear 2.career ;somewhat 3.value ;adult 4.wasting ;intention5.grateful ;qualified6.responsibilities ;definitely十一.1.realize ;scheduled 2.department ;consensus 3.successful ;collaborator5.self-sufficient ;achieving6.initiative ;balanceunit5一.1.resolution;workouts;target;sessions 2.routines;recovery 3.stretch;flexible4.sportswear;well-fittedmitment;hydrated二.1.She is too busy to cook 2.The resolution she made a few years ago 3.Her family recipes 4.She posted her family recipes to her website三.just ;turned ;40 ;public ;relations ;consultant ;6 ;family ;recipes ;cookbooks ;magazin es ;newspaper ;clippings ;四.edible-4 enzyme-2 digestions-3 appetizer-5 ingredient-1五.firm ;ripe ;thinly ;sliced ;outer ;skin ;in ;half ;seeds ;lengthwise ;slices ;thin ;sheets ;w edges六.Gabby's advice on how to stay in shapeHow often should people do their workouts七.1.start by walking and then move on by jogging and sprinting2.stretch the muscles which have been used the most3.it's up to different individuals八.an RH negative mother ;were set aside to die ;feed the baby by dropper ;be of any value ;get some nourishment ;transfer ;equipment and pediatricians ;accompanied by a nurse ;on this transfer ; in an ambulance;ambulance ;started wailing ;broke out in a sweat ;left the heat on ;took home a live baby; the odds are overwhelmingly against 十.1.wedding ;congratulate 2.fancy ;recipe 3.jogging ;volleyball ;yoga 5.di et ;brownies 6.craving ;refreshed十二.1.awesome ;routine 2.trim ;Discipline 3.stretching ;jog 4.gym ;cardio5.muscle ;joints6.impressive ;triathlonunit6一.afflicted ;adventurous ;boarded ;runny ;letout ;exhausted ;checked ;failing ;compatible ;embarrassed二.1.Diarrhea 2.Concerned 3.He was embarrassed三.需挂时间四.1.wear a vest with many pockets 2.his money was nearly stolen 3.he found he was carrying his swiss army knife五.F ; T ; F ;F ;T ;F ;I don't know ;I don't know六.mutual ;co-op tour ;found out ;away from home ;steel-blue-eyed ;backat ;oxymoron ;within walking distance ;cousin ;a highclass ;micro-breweries ;tourist八.1.tent ;camping 2.hike ;rainforest ;jungle 3.fascinating ;reptiles ;a mphibians 4.snakes ;dolphins 5.incredible ;tripod ;wildlife 6.sli deshow ;storytelling十.1.ecotourism ;buzzword ;ecotravel ;ecolodges ;ecotourism ;ecotourism2.negative ;destinations3. drawbacks ;pollutes ;littered4.friendl y5.empowerment ;awarenessmendable ;ecotouristunit7一.1.demonstrated ;symbol ;overwhelming 2.movements ;locations ;identify 3.deaf ;hearing ;visual ;spatial ;facial二.$700,000 from the Defense Department /$1.3 billion from the Senate三.F ;F ;F ;T ;F ;F四.expressions whose figurative meanings are known through conventional use五.1.literal ;figurative ;conventional 2.confused ;idiomatic 3.constructs ;200 ;in terpretation ;original六.Are all idioms translatable across languages? /What are the differences between idioms and other expressions invocabulary?七.F ;F ;F ;T ;T ;T八.Zoo ;a gorilla ;the baby ;picked up ;Health Beat ;who are happy ;who are nothappy ;why ;Financial Times ;announces ;game system ;boy and girl ;from Switzerland ;are missing ;an avalanche ;World News ;from Italy ;passenger train;the tracks十.2.idioms ;descriptors ;idiomatic ;might 3.appreciate ;cause ;rock 4.piece of cake 5.test ;context 6.hang十二.1.rommance ;poetry 2.prospects ;follow 3.bilingual ;trilingual 5.tough ;Span ish 6.Senegal ;Cameroon ;fascinatingunit8一.1.multiple-choice ;reward ;create ;retention ;infallible 2.scale ;assume ;nutrition ;administer 3.pbservation ;assessment二.1.he feels scared 2.she is worried 3.he never assigns a research because of the exam 4.she is suspiciousof the consequence of the exam三.1.scared ;erratic ;squishing ;stabbing 2.worries ;21 ;failing 3.doesn't ;don't ;state-mandated 4.struggling ;A's ;experiment四.no one五.1.constructive 2.making decisions ;upcoming ;long termplanning 3.accountability ;strengths and weaknesses ;addressed ;academic training 六.SAT(Scholastic Assessment Test) ACT(American College Testing Pr ogram)GRE(Graduate Record Exam) GMAT(Graduate Management Admission Test)七.SAT:criticalthinking ;problem-solving ;three ;verbal ;reasoning ;200-800 ;20 ;subject-area ACT:content ;achievement ;36GRE:analytical ;applicants ;16 ;Paper-and-computer basedGMAT:business ;writing ;quantitative ;computer-adaptive八.bad commute ;stupid train ;missed my connection ;already ;commute ;an hourand a half ;every day ;make it ;that is long ;at least ;the trees and smalltowns ;minutes ;gets closer to ;concrete and steel ;So many people ;move closer to ;fresh and clean ;all that ;work all day ;more worthwhile ;newspaper ;really enjoy it ;audio tapes ;relaxation tapes ;look into it ;complaining about十.1.freeing ;mention 2.admissions ;Chicago 3.Basically 4.Biology ;Medici ne 5.geared ;science-reasoning 6.solving ;critical十二.1.nervous ;IELTS 2.lift ;spirits 3.terrific ;smoothly 4.predict ;coherent ;l ogical pliments 6.stressed ;interview ;fluent 7.celebrateunit9一.wrap ;glitterati ;glamorous ;acceptance ;AcademyAwards ;statuette ;features ;ceremony ;categories ;Best Picture;releases二.1.she was surprised at the nomination2.her trip to San Francisco was paid for by her company3. she felt it a brilliant experience to be sitting in the sams room with whose big stars4. she didn't go to the Vanity Fair Party because she can only get in with anOscar-winner三.San ;Francisco ;nominees ;her ;category ;animation ;studios ;going ;nuts ;the ;carpet ;photographers ;and ;people ;in ;the ;limo ;called ; it ;a ;night四.the name of the movie /the major story of the movie /the inspiration to do the movie五.1.quest ;true ;loving ;singing ;effect ;wildlife ;all2.voices ;Nicole ;Kidman ;Robin ;Williams ;feet ;tap ;dancer3.documentary ;Life ; in ; the ;Freezer4.Emperor ;penguins ;survived ;led ;to ;Happy ;Feet六.the preparation made to do the movie /the moral in the movie七.3-5-7 1-4-6-9 10-11 2-8八.overall ;first-ever ;intense ;handle ;around the net ;announcer's ;dealwith ;dominant ;elite ;All-star team ;agile ;foul trouble ;was forced to ;fellow十.1.marvelous ;critics ;richly-enjoyable2.true-life ;exuberant ;therapist ;3.sure ;st ammer4.involuntary ;repetitions ;eloquently5.inspiration ;Oscar6.Lea ding十二.1.coolest ;rock &roll ; 2.pretty ;70 3.originated ;combination ;genres ;gospel 4.rhythms ;in strument 5.awesome 6.enroll ;bandunit10一.optimism ;take a break ;do somethingdifferent ;Regular exercise ;stretch ;tiding yourdesk ;origanizing ;Itemize ;Socializing with ;do your own thing ;at your own rate 二.the era of guaranteed jobs in history /we are all temporary workers /you haveto equip yourself with the skills三.1.a career activist should take the long view of his career2.in temp world you must withstand disappointments,juggle stressful situations,and handle pressure /you must learn from your setbacks and use them to your advantage in the future四.before you consider quitting your job, try these boss-taming strategies五.you should change your own ways to track your boss's patterns /you should respond to the content of your boss's criticism and accusation ,not his curses /if your boss is intolerably abusive ,you may have to go above his head to yourpersonnel department or senior manager.六. 1.The cave man didn't have to worry about the stock marker or the nuclear weapons ./the cave man worried aboutbeing eaten by a bear while he was asleep or about dying of hunger. /if you really managed to avoid stress completely,you would be dead ./everybody thinks he o she is under the greatest stress.2.the causes of stress differ in various civilizations and historical time periods ./stress may emerge when demands cannot be met ./people should break large demands into small and manageable parts ./people should work throughone task at a time.七.follow your bliss ;follow a direction ;on their quest ; well-worn ;legislature ;triedfor ;held to ;went bankrupt ;in history ;expelled ;at one point ;treasure九.1.academic 2.struggle 3.toss ;pressure 4.recommend ;recollect 5.fresh ;e nergy 7.simplifying ;solvable ;weaknesses 8.self-confidence十一.1.graduates ;intelligently 2.hunt ; Gladly 3.specific ;focus 4.potential ;re sume 5.qualifications ;criteria ;maximize 6.easiest 7.tipsunit11一.1.rudeness ;hasten the deterioration oftraditional courtesy 2.interrupting ;invisible 3.stoppedtalking 4.setback to the intimacy of human interaction 5.fool someone into 6.ridiculous ;listen in without the slightest hindrance二. Mobiles may not always be useful in an emergencyIt's the height of rudeness to him when friends use their mobiles at table三.The guy who had a parachuting accident landed on top of a cliffWhat he hates most is how his daily life is affected negatively by other people using their mobile phones /She thinks it is rude to use mobile phone in public places like restaurants or concert halls四.There is the strongest sign that mobile phones will inherit the earth /The number of cellphone subscribers is much greater than that of Personal Computers五.dial ;balance ;chat-room ;make a vending machine give you a pepsi or a car wash六.It's too amusing!/He doesn't mind although it is second-hand七.Tom:T ;F ;not mentioned ;T ;T Jerry:F ;T ;T ;F ;F八.over the internet ;life mates ;chat room ;by phone ;In no time at all ; in bloom ;awe and delight ;call for ;blossomed ;work itself out ;endearment ;secure ;matched ;in every way ;at Christmas十.1.contact ;attend 3.kidding ;anymore ;addiction 4.exaggerating 5.chatting ;interrupted ;ruining十二.1.easy ;E-commerce 2.log ;recommendations 3.purchases ;webstore; genre 4.bookworm ;purchase 6.rid ;e-shopaholicunit12一.tension ;discomfort ;squeeze ;grumble ;groceries ;yearning ;fluency ;expatriate ;comp ensation ;social services二.1.to teach their baby three languages 2.each of them speaks more than one language三.F ;T ;F ;T ;not mentioned;F ;F ;T ;F四.1.No 2. sometimes happy,sometimes unhappy五.1,the swiss were racists 2.berlin 3.the cost of living is cheap六.Ethiopia ,Holland and Sri Lanka ;Ethiopia七.1.Norwegian ;Spain ;French 2.NewYork ;Srilanka ;Indonesia ;Holland ;Ethiopia 3.Spanish ;English ;Bahasa;Dutch ;Ethi opian ;Italian八.plague ;as to ;midst ;wholeheartedly ;exotic ;frustrating ;befuddling ;as muchas ;compensate ; 缺个;ongoing ;charades ;willingness ;ass ;at long last ;armpits ;leads to;square ;缺个;approaching十.5.university ;exchange ;China ;miss 6.shock ;euphoria ;honeymoon ;adjusting7.adjusted 8.friendly ;hospitable十二.1.nationality ;ethnicity 2.culturally ;rasied 3.background ;belong ;naturalization4.Basically ;passport5.marriages6.Namibian-Italian7.parent ;M ulticulturalunit13一.January:Was sworn in March:solar April:fair trade ;nuclear weapons July:clash ;hit August:astronomers September:blastedoff;giant ;mission December:Senate ,nomination二.2003 ;2006 ;2000 ;2010 ;1998 ;2002三.1.the international Space Station 2.space lab in the sky 3.Scientists from many countries 4.was bulit in 1998;220 miles 5.giant solar panels 6.the sun's energy ;make power四.Barack-African-American Hillary-Woman candidate Bill -Governor of New Mexico ,Hispanic Mitt -Governor of Massachusetts ,Republican ,Mormon Sam -Conservative五. F ;F ;T ;T ;F ;F六.1.she had a dog to take care of at home 2.he had to walk down 86 flights of stairs to get out of the building3.no,it was just an electrical blackout4.by pay phones5.no,he was relaxed七.1.PhilFisher ;extra-curricular 2.foremost ;enhances 3.participate ;positive 4.distra cts ;future 5.contrary ;significantly九.1.Club ;choosing municate ;acquire 3.psychologically ;academically;prob lematic ;academic 4.patient ;crucialunit14一.pick up the phone ;disconnected ;a real nightmare ;aftermath ;frustrating ;postal service;compensate ;cell towers ;place a call ;devastating ;demonstrated ;dependent二.there was a hole in the side of the aircraft三.7.4.5.8.6.2.1.3四.became ;sick ;swapped ;tickets ;with ;being ;sucked ;out五.international response /the general situation after the disaster /the difficulty of the relief effort /the casualty六.totally ;destroyed ;flattened ;swept ;out ;to ;sea七.why it could happen /what people can do about it八.arming people with weapons is not the solution to mass killings /the killer often show signs of a possible attack /the perpetrator often plans to kill himself after a mass killing 九.smells and bright colors ;Homemade sausage ;get some ;all sorts ofthings ;fruit ;eggs ;spices ;batteries ;at the market over there ;why are they allyelling ;what they have in their booths ;saying ;some of it ;from all over the place ;different languages ;what do they sell here ;you name it ;Is it expensive ;reasonable ;walkman ;a new pair of pants ;what you want ;bargaining is a must ;come down ;come down alittle ;shopping here ;exciting十一.1.Honey 2.meaningful ;devastating 3.rebuilt 4.delegation ;complexes 5.rein forced ;earthquake-proof 7.Prevention ;Reduction ;undoubtedly十三.1.fireproofing ;laboratories ;labs ;ensure 2.eliminate ;hazards 3.extension ;outl ets ;hooked ;appliances 4.sparks ;overheats 5.double-check ;rugs ;extinguisherunit15一.1.give the same measure as I haverecived 2.Curiosity ;comprehend 3.Passive acceptance ; independentthought ;disastrous 4.wiser people 5.truth and love have alwayswon 6.Freedom ;precious 7.how close they were success二.Edison's laboratory was virtually destroyed by fire in December ,1914三.1.spectacular flames that December night 2.anxiously searched for hisfather 3.There is great value in disaster 4.deliver his first phonograph四.the longing for love /the search for knowledge /the unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind五.1.first ,because it brings ecstasy ;next, because it relieves loneliness ;finally ,because in the union of love ;the heaven that saints and poets have imagined2.love and knowledge ;cries of pain ;victims ;the whole world ofloneliness ,poverty ,and pain六.poverty is the worst form of violence /Nonviolence is a constructive program to india's agony /there are defeats and great pain when we use nonviolence solution /we should be prepared to die like a solider when we use nonviolencesolution七.vice presidential debates ;sponsored by ;Theater for the Arts ;going to be moderatig ; the participants ;Democratic ;Senator ;vicepresidential ;nominee ;candidate ;ground rules ;opening statement ;present the issues ;to respond ;five-minute discussion ;by a drawing ;candidate ;an equal allocation ;auditorium ;refrain from ;demonstration ;with that plea九.1.staff ;endorsespetitive ;innovative 4.brainstorming ;teamwork5.timid ;biweekly6.diverse ;perspectives十一.1.touching ;respond 2.imaginative ;psych 3. solutions 4.outside 5. eelings 6.mental block。

新视野大学英语视听说教程第四册听力练习录音文本和答案Uint1II. Basic Listening Practice1. ScriptM: I’m beside myself with joy. I’m so lucky. Guess what? I’ve won a lit of money in the lottery. W: Yeah? Well, you do know that money is the root of all evil, right?Q: What does the woman mean?2. ScriptW: Mary was furious. Her son wrecked up her car.M: He shouldn’t have driven a car without a driver’s license. He‘s still taking driving lesson.Q: What do we know ab out Mary’s son?3. ScriptM: Susan, I hear you’re going to marry that guy. Some people think you’ll regret it.W: Is that so? Only time tell.Q: What does the woman imply?4. ScriptM: Mary, I just want to say how sorry I was to learn of your mother’s pass ing. I know how close you two were?W: Thank you. It was so sudden. I’M still in a state of shock I don’t know what to do.Q: Which of following is true?5. ScriptW: I get furious at work when my opinions aren’t considered just because I’m a woman.M: You should air your view more emphatically and demand that your vice be heard.Q: What is the woman complaining about?Keys: 1.C 2.B 3. D 4.A 5.DIII. Listening InTask 1: Soft answers turn away wrath.Mary: Dam! You’re spilled red wine on me. My new dress is ruined.John: I’ m terrible sorry! What can I do to help? Here’s some water to wash it off.Mary: Stop splashing water on me! Oh, this is so embarrassing! I’m a mess.John: Well, you do look a little upset. Please don’t blow up. Don’t lose your co ol.Mary: Hmm, you’ve got the nerve talking like that! Who shouldn’t fly off the handle? This dress cost a fortune.John: You look really cute when you’re mad. I kid you not. Some people do look attractive when they are in a rage.Mary: This is very expens ive dress. I saved for months to buy it, and now it’s ruined. Look at this stain!John: Accidents do happen. Give me your dress, and I’ll take it to the cleaners.Mary: Sure! You want me to take it off right here in public and give it to you? I don’t even know you!John: This might be a really goof time to get acquainted. I’m John Owen.Mary: Mmm, at least you’re polite. I guess I really shouldn’t have flared up. After all, it was an accident. I’m Mary Harvey.John: Come on. I’ll take you home. You can change your clothes, and I’ll get the dress cleaned for you.Mary: Now you’re talking. Thanks. You’re a real gentleman.John: You’d better believe it. I’m glad to see that you’ve cooled down. Feel look a bite to eat afterward? I’m starving.Mary: Ok. You’re pretty good. I’m not nearly as mad. If you can get this stain out, I’ll be very happy.John: I’ll try my best. But if I can’t get the stain out, please don’t let your happiness turn to wrath.1. Which of the following would be the best title for the dialog?2. Why does the woman get angry?3. What does the man say to please the woman when she looks angry?4. Why does the woman say the man is a real gentleman?5. What is the man’s final proposal?Keys: 1D 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.CTask 2: Big John is coming!ScriptA bar owner in the Old West has just hired a timid bartender. This (S1) owner of the establishment is giving his new hire some instructions on (S2) running the place. He tells the timid man, “If you ever hear that Big John is coming to town, (S3) dr op everything and run for the hills! He’s the biggest, nastiest (S4) outlaw who’s ever lived!”A few weeks pass (S5) uneventfully. But one afternoon, a local cowhand comes running through town (S6) yelling, “Big John is coming! Run for your (S7) lives!”When the bartender leaves the bar to start running, he is knocked to the ground by several townspeople rushing out of town. (S8) As he’s picking himself up, he sees a large man, almost seven feet tall. He’s muscular, and is growing as he approaches the bar.He steps up to the door, orders the poor barkeep inside, and demands, “I want a beer NOW!”He strikes his heavy fist on the bar, splitting it in half. (S9) The bartender nervously hands the big man a beer, hands shaking. He takes the beer, bites the top of the bottle off, and downs the beer in one gulp.As the terrified bartender hides behind the bar, the big man gets up to leave, “Do you want another beer?” the bartender asks in a trembling voice.“Dang it, I don’t have time!” the big man yells, (S10) “I got to get out of town! Don’t you hear Big John is coming?”Task3: A View of HappinessScriptDr. Smith has proposed a reasonable, if perhaps somewhat oversimplifies, view of happiness. According to his theory, happiness might be described as a state if balance. And when humanor certain animals achieve that balance, they rend to remain in that condition in order to repeat the happy feeling.To illustrate this, we may study two magnets. When their positive and negative poles meet, they are comfortably joined, and they remain there. In other words, they have attained a balance or state of happiness. If on the other hand, one of the poles is reversed, and positive pole is presses against positive pole, there is resistance, instability, imbalance a state of unhappiness.Animals with some degree of intelligence seem to find happiness in reinforcement. Once they have gained one or more of their goals such as food, and water, they learn to repeat the actions that led to satisfaction of those goals. This repetition or reinforcement produces a state of balance or sense of happiness.According to this theory, only animals with a significant capacity to learn should be able to experience happiness. But in truth learning can take place through surprisingly simple short-term action such as scratching an itch, followed by pleasure, followed by more scratching, and so on. Thus learning can occur with almost no conscious thought.For human beings, blessed with the ability to reason, goals are not limited to the short-term satisfaction of needs. Indeed, there is a strong link between happiness and the fulfillment of long-term goals. Even if human strive for goals that are more complex and longer-term than the animals’ goals, once those goals are gained, happiness is reinforce d.1. Why does the speaker mention “magnets”?2. According to the passage, what may animals do after they have got food?3. Which of the following is true according to the speaker?4. What does the speaker say is special about the goals of human beings?5. Which of the following best captures the main idea of the passage?Keys: 1D 2.C3. B 4.D 5.AIV. Speaking OutMODEL 1 Don’t let it get to you!Susan: You look so angry. What happened?Chris: Nothing I’d rather not talk about it. Just don’t ask.Susan: Come on. Relax. Talk to me.Chris: All right. This morning I took my car to the garage to check the air conditioner. They only gave it a quick look, refilled it with some Freon, and charged me 300bucks!Susan: No wonder you’re livid. I’d be mad too if someone ripped me off like that.Chris: Yeah. And they were rude. They said I didn’t know anything about cars, which I don’t, but they didn’t have to be blunt!Susan: Sounds like you got a raw deal!Chris: What’s worse, as I was leaving, I herd then saying, “Don’t trust that guy. He looks broke.” When I heard that, I almost hit the roof.Susan: Don’t let it get to you. Better ignore them.Chris: I agree. I did manage to keep my cool.Susan: Well, the best thing you can do is to file a complaint with the Consumer ProtectionAgency.Chris: sounds like a good idea.MODEL2 I’m too depressed.ScriptSusan: Chris, I hear you’ve been down in the dumps, so I’ve come to cheer you up.Chris: It’s not gong o work. I’m too depressedSusan: Come, on. Tell me what’s on your mind.Chris: Everything. My girlfriend left me; my dog ran away; my wallet was stolen.Susan: Don’t worry. I’ll help you solve the biggest problem: finding you a new girlfriend. Chris: Forget it. Anyway, I’m getting bad grades, and I was told that I’d have to repeat a lot of courses next year. When I heard that, I almost lost it.Susan: Look, relax. I’ll help you with those courses.Chris: Yeah, but I also have three week’s laun dry to do., and my room is a pigsty.Susan: Forget it. You’re on your own.Chris: Come, on. What are friends for?Susan: To keep you in high spirits; not to do your laundry.MODEL3 You seem to be on top of the world.ScriptNora: Oh, hey, John!John: Hey!Nora: You seem to be on top of the world tonight. What’s up?John: I’m so happy I’m about to burst. Guess what?Nora: You’ve got me.John: It might be true that misfortunes never come singly, but you can also have a “double blessing”. And that’s what I had.Nora: You mean you’ve had two happy events in your life?John: Exactly. You know, I was strong in all subjects except physics. Now I’ve finally passed the test--the one I needed to qualify for a Bachelor’s degree.Nora: Congratulations! You’d failed it three times. Now wonder you’re beaming. What’s the other good news?John: The multinational I was dong my field project at offered me a job at a good staring salary. Nora: Wow, wonderful, simple wonderful.John: I feel like celebrating. Shall we go to a bar?Nora: Why not?Now Your TurnTask 1SAMPLE DIALOGA: You look furious. What happened?B: Nothing. I’d rather not talk about it. Just don’t ask.A: Come on. You shouldn’t keep your feeling to yourself. You need to let off some stream. So, talk tome.B: All right. This morning I went to a shop to buy a digital camera, I only need an ordinary one. It is enough for my tours in the summer vacation. Buy they persuaded me to buy a professional camera, which cost three times as much.A: But you were willing to buy for it. Anyway, it must work better.B: You see, I know next to nothing about photography. So they simply tricked me into buying an expensive one.A: No wonder you’re livid with rage. I’d be mad too if I were robbed like that. What are you going to do?B: I already went back to them and asked to exchange it for a cheaper one.A: What did they say?B: Oh, they were rude. They insisted that they hadn’t encouraged me to buy a professional camera, and that I bought it myself.A: Sounds like you got a raw deal!B: What’s worse, as I was leaving, I heard they say, “That guy looks broke. He shouldn’t have bought any camera.”A: Don’t let it get to you. Better ignore their rude remarks.B: I agree. I did manage to keep my cool.A: Well, the best thing you can do is to file a complaint with the Consumer Protection Agency. If they talk to the shop, maybe they will give you a refund.B: Sounds too good to be true.V. Let’s TalkScriptHello, everyone. Today I invite you to join me in an exploration off the causes of depression. There ate many factors involved, but I believe some deserve special attention.Heredity certainly plays a role. .The tendency to develop depression may be inherited; there is evidence that this disorder may run in families.Physiology is another factor related to depression. There may be changes or imbalances in chemicals which transmit information in the brain called neurotransmitters. Many modern antidepressant drugs attempt to increase levels of certain neurotransmitters so as to increase brain communication. While the causal relationship is unclear; it is known that antidepressant medications do reliever certain symptoms of depression.Researchers also study psychological factors. They include the complex development of one’s personality and how one has learned to cope with external environmental factors, such as stress. It is freeqently observed that low self-esteem and self-defeating thinking are connected with depression. While it is not clear which is the cause and which is the effect, it is known that sufferers who are able to make corrections to their thinking patterns can show improved mood and self-esteem.Another factor causing depression is one’s early experiences. Events such as the death of a parent, the divorce of the parents, neglect, chronic illness, and severe physical abuse can also increase the likelihood of depression later in life.Some present experiences may also lead to depression. Job loss, financial difficulties, long periods of unemployment, the loss of a spouse or other family member, or other painful events may trigger depression. Long-term stress at home, work, or school can also be involved.It is worth nothing that those living with someone suffering from \depression experience increased anxiety which adds to the possibility of their also becoming depressed.Depression-causing Factors Problem Description SolutionHeredity It is inherited and run in families.Physiology changes or imbalances in chemicals called neurotransmitters, which transmit information in the brain A ntidepressant drugs relieve certain symptoms of depression. Psychological Factors Low self-esteem and self-defeating thinking are connected with depression. Sufferers who make correction to their thinking patterns can show improved mood and self-esteem.Early Experiences Event like the death of a parent, the divorce of parents, neglect, chronic illness, and severe physical abuse can increase the likelihood of depression.Present Experiences Job loss, financial difficulties, long periods of unemployment, the loss of a spouse or other family member, or long-term stress may trigger depression.Living with somebody with depression T his causes increased anxiety, which adds to the possibility of their also becoming depressed.VI. Further Listening and SpeakingTask1: Reason and EmotionScriptEmotion is sometimes regarded as the opposite of reason; s is suggested by phrase such as” appeal to emotions rather than reason” and “don’t let your emotions take over”. Emotional reactions sometimes produce consequences or thoughts which people may later regret or disagree with; but during an emotional state, they could not control their actions. Thus, it is generally believed that one of the most distinctive facts about human beings is a contradiction between emotion and reason.However, recent empirical studies do not suggest there is a clear distinction between reason and emotion. Indeed, anger or fear can often be thought of as an instinctive response to observed fact. The human mind possesses many possible reactions to the external world. Those reactions can lie on a continuum, with some of them involving the extreme of pure intellectual logic, which is often called “cold”, and others involving the extremes of pure emotion not related to logical agreeme nt, which is called “the heat of passion”. The relation logic and emotion merits careful study. Passion, emotion, or feeling can reinforce an argument, event one based primarily on reason. This is especially true in religion or ideology, which frequently demands an all-or-nothing rejection or acceptance. In such areas of thought, human beings have to adopt a comprehensive view partly backed by empirical argument and partly by feeling and passion. Moreover, several researchers have suggested that typically there is no “pure” decision or thought; that is, no thought is based “purely”” on intellectual logic or “purely” on emotion—most decisions are founded on a mixture of both.1. What results does the speaker may some from emotional reactions?2. What is the popular belief about reason and emotion?3. What does the speaker mean by “cold “?4. According to the passage, what should people do in religious matters?5. What is the speaker’s conclusion?Keys: 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.C 5.DTask 2: DepressionScriptPat: Yo u look depressed. Are you feeling blue? I’ve come to cheer you up.Ted: But there’s nothing that can cheer me up. I’m down in the dumps. Life’s miserablePat: You have to try to get your mind off things.Ted: But I can’t. I just feel there’s too much press ure on me sometimes!Pat: You can’t let things get you down. Learn to relax and stop worrying all the time. What’s your problem?Ted: I failed my last exam, and another exam is coming, I get bored.Pat: If I were you, I’d start working hard. If you work hard for a long time, you’re bound to get better grades. You see, “no pain, no gain”.Ted: It’s easier said than done! If I read for fifteen minutes, I get bored.Pat: You have to learn some self-discipline.But how can I stay cheerful all the time?Ted: Worse than that! If I read for half an hour, I get a headache. Then I start to worry about passing the next exam.Pat: It’s all in your mind. If you stay cheerful like me, everything will soon be OK.Ted: But how can I stay cheerful all the time?Pat: Try to look on the bright side of things.Ted: But what if there isn’t a bright side?Pat: You know the saying: Every cloud has a silver lining. It means there’re always tow sides to everything—both the dark and the bright sides. So, try to identify your strengths and bring then into full play.Ted: Oh, no! Your corny old sayings are making me even more depressed.Keys: TFFTFTask3: AngerScriptAnger is an emotion that can be hard to control. Despite this, we should learn how to manage anger in a constructive manner. In the most intense moments of anger, we usually have two choices: to fight or to run. Some choose the option of violence, which is a negative reaction to anger; and others choose to run. Some may think running means you are a coward. But the option of walking away and claiming down is the more productive method of handling anger. It is difficult to walk away, especially when your heart is racing, and your anger is boiling over.There are constructive ways of handling anger in any situation. First, you have to stop for a brief moment and think before you act. Take that moment and calm down id you feel yourself being pushed.At that moment you should admit you are angry. If you refuse to admit you’re angry or hurt, or if you make it appear that everything is peaches and cream, you are not managing angry in a productive way. You should first admit you are angry and let your feelings out before you blow up. Foe example, you can stay in a quiet place by yourself and shout; or you can talk to a close friend to vent your rage. If you do not acknowledge your anger, it only builds up inside you and will eventually explode like a volcanoThen, in order to manage your angry, you can ask yourself an important question that we all must ask ourselves, “What made me angry?” When you get the answer, and then ask yourself, “Why did that made me angry?” Through such logical reasoning, one tends to calm down and move toward a sensible solution.News ReportU.S. Roller CoasterScriptThe world’s first 4D roller coaster, “X”, took on its first passengers last week at the Six Flags Magic Mountain theme park, just outside Los Angeles.After climbing on board and properly securing their safety harnesses, “X” riders are first to a height of over 66meters. At the top, the passenger train is released and builds up enough speed to race and plummet around the track at speeds of over 130km an hour.The rider takes the daring passengers down an incredible 66m dive and over the top of a 62m loop, in cars that spin independently of the roller coaster train. This unique design allows riders to spin360degree, both forwards and backwards, through the entire ride.Passengers hurtle through this ride often moving in many different directions at the same time ad the cars somersault back and forth and the roller coaster twists, loops, and dives.The complicated series of maneuvers includes two raven turn, one front flip, one twisting front flip, and two back flips.Since passengers aren’t always facing the right direction to see what’s coming up next, the element of surprise is high. For “X” riders, this adds to the thrill of the ride.The track of this newest roller coaster runs a total length of a little over1, 100meters. The passenger trains measure 6meters wide and 21meters long, large enough to carry 28 passengers at a time. At full capacity, the trains can take 1,600passengers for the ride of their lives each hour.The entire ride lasts for only a total about 2minutes, but you can tell from the exhilarated faces of passengers returning to the boarding dock that they were two of the most thrilling minutes of heir lives.Uint2II. Basic Listening Practice3. ScriptW: Did you hear? Helen got modeling jib! She’s going to be sashaying down the catwalk.M: Wow, that’s great! All that walking practice really paid off. And foe once she won’t be complaining about being so tall.Q: Why did Helen get modeling job?4. ScriptM: Julia, come and see the Miss America contest on TV. All those beautiful girls are walking around in bathing suits, so the judges can decide who has the best figure.W: Bah! That’s the worst kind of exploitation. They are treating women like toys for people to enjoy. I would never take part in this kind of contest.Q: What do the man and the woman think about the beautify contest?3. ScriptW: What shall I do? I’m fat. I want to be slim and beauty, but I’m fat. I’ve tried all the new ideas, high carb and low carb, but nothing works.M: Those diets are just fads, popular for a while and then forgotten. Just follow the usual diet with fruits, vegetables, fish, water, and get plenty of exercise. Before long you’ll see results.Q: What has the woman tried?4. ScriptW1: I think Lily is really attractive. She’s half Spanish and has this really sultry look about her.W2: That explains why she tans so well. I’ve always been jealous of her skin color in the summer.Q: Which of following is true of Lily?5. ScriptM: Trust me, it was tight there on the Internet: “Plastic Surgery Increasing at a Faster Rate Among Men”. Appare ntly more and more men are trying to improve their appearance.W: I saw it too on the news. Face-lifts, nose jobs, and box to hide wrinkle are now very popular with men. Men say it’s for business reasons, but we know it’s vanity.Q: What does the woman think the real reason is that men have plastic surgery?Keys: 1.B 2.A 3. C 4D 5BIII. Listening InTask 1: A Friendly StylistStylist: Morning, sir. This chair, please. What can I do for you?Nick: A simple haircut: short on the back and sides.Stylist: Very good. I can, of course, do something fashionable for only $60.Nick: 60 dollars! That’s highway robbery—twice what I ordinarily pay.Stylist: Perhaps, sir. But your haircuts haven’t been in harmony with your character. Your hair is at war with your soul.Nick: I’ve never heard of such a thing.Stylist: If I may say, I’m an expert at matching hairstyle to personalities. Believe me; you’re suffering a “disjunction”.Nick: A disjunction? What the devil is a disjunction?Stylist: Your hair does not match you.Nick: This is utter nonsense. However, I’d like to hear how you’d solve this so-called problem. Stylist: Your character is artistic, imaginative. But your hair is dull. I can correct that imbalance in seconds.Nick: Okay, let me see what can you do about t he…uh…disjunction, as you call it.Stylist: We’re going to use scissors to create peaks, which we’ll keep in place with a liberalhelping of gel….This tuft in the back we’ll braid into a pigtail. Now, it’s the new you!Nick: I love it. It’s just like me: imaginative and artistic. Now what are you doing? What’s wrong? Don’t you see harmony in my new hairstyle?Stylist: Something’s preventing your hairstyle from being a true fashionable statement.Nick: For heaven’s sake, tell me what’s missing.Stylist: Streaks. By putting in a few yellow streaks in your hair, it will become a work of art. Streaking will cost you more, but…Nick: Do it. Forget the cost. But, by the way, what is the total getting to be? How much am I paying to avoid disjunction?Stylist: That’s…$135. Sir? Sir, are you all right? Oh, he fainted.6. When the stylist mentions $60, what does the customer say?7. What does the stylist think about the customer’s hairstyle?8. What will the stylist do with the customer’s hair?9. What will streaking d o to the man’s hair according to the stylist?10. What is the passage mainly about?Keys: 1C.A 3.D4.B 5.AFor Reference:1. It means there is no match between you and your hair.2. That’s…$135. Sir? Sir, are you all right? Oh, he fainted.Task 2: The Voice LiftScriptAfter the face-lift, the forehead tightened, and the (S1) nose job, something still might be revealing your age: your (S2) voice.For patients who think their trembly, hoarse words don’t (S3) match their newly face and figure, there’s a proc edure that claims to make them (S4) sound younger too: the voice lift.There are two general kinds of voice lifts. In some cases, implants (S5) inserted through an incision in the (S6) neck bring the vocal cords closer together. Doctors also use injections of (S7) fat or other substances to plump up the cords, so that the voice sounds younger.(S8) The voice lift is becoming more widely known among an aging population, who try to make themselves sound younger.“I speak in a great deal, or I was shouting, on a particular day, at the end of the day, I would feel exhausted,” said Robert Brown, 75, (S9) a retired construction engineer who underwent the voice lift several years ago, “I don’t know if I sound younger, but the hoarseness is gone, which is such a gre at improvement.”(S10) Voice lift can also benefit people like performers, lawyers, teachers, and telephone operators who need to have a strong voice and hope to shave years off the sound of their voice.Task3: A View of HappinessScriptMen are turning to plastic surgery and cosmetic procedures to brighten up their appearances at a faster rate than women, according to a survey released on Wednesday.Men’s use of fat injections to soften deep wrinkles leaped 47 percent last year from theprevious year. Wo men’s use of the injections fell 36 percent, according to a survey by the American Academy of Facial and Plastic Reconstructive Surgeons.Men’s use of botox injections to eliminate frown lines rose 88 percent, while women’s botox use fell 8 percent.And for smoothing skin, the use of laser resurfacing among men rose 13percent, the survey showed. Meanwhile, women’s use of laser resurfacing dropped 38 percent during the same time period.The number of men getting nose jobs rose 47 percent, while the number of women doing so rose 5 percent.Typically, men and women visiting plastic surgeons for cosmetic reasons were age 40 to 59. The study said 44 percent of men and 57 percent of women tell their doctor that looking younger is the reason they are choosing cosmetic surgery.By about 18 percent, men are more likely than women to say they want facial cosmetic surgery for work-related reasons.The study was conducted by written questionnaires from January 20 to March 3 among more than 2,600 members of the association, who focus on treatment of the face, head, and neck. By comparison, in the previous year, women’s use of botox rose 60 percent while men’s fell 14 percent; women’s use of laser resurfacing rose 13 percent while men’s fell 19 percent; women’s us e of fat injections fell17 percent and men’s fell 54 percent.6. What is true of men and women’s use of fat injections?7. While of the following is true of nose jobs?8. How much greater is the percentage of women choosing cosmetic surgery to look younger than the percentage of men?9. What is true of men and women using botox in the previous year?10. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?Keys: 1C 2.C3. B 4.B 5.DIV. Speaking OutMODEL 1 She’s having some cosmetic surgery.A my: Did you hear Nora’s off to Korea?Bill: why is she going to Korea?Amy: She is having some cosmetic surgery.Bill: I’m floored! I thought she was beautiful already.Amy: I know what you mean. She’s having her nose fixed.Bill: Was it broken?Amy: No, stupid, she’s having it made smaller.Bill: If she wasn’t beautiful already, I could understand getting surgery. But she already has a nice nose.Amy: But not a fashionable one. She’s also having her teeth straighten. She wants to have a perfect smile.Bill: What for?Amy: She believes a better physical appearance will improve her chance of getting a good job.。

Unit 1 Men and Women’s PrejudicesFamous QuoteThere can be no two opinions as to what a highbrow is. He is the man or woman of thoroughbred intelligence who rides his mind at a gallop across country in pursuit of an idea.—Virginia WoolfVirginia Woolf (1882-1941): A British novelist, essayist, critic, publisher and feminist. Her most famous works include the novels Mrs Dalloway(1925), To theLighthouse(1927) and Orlando(1928), and the book-length essay A Room of One’sOwn(1929), with its famous dictum, “A woman must have money and a room of herown if she is to write fiction.”Unit OverviewDo men and women really come from the different planets? If not, why have they, for centuries, vilified one another? This may all result from the prejudices against each other. After the women’s movement and men’s movement, we are now on the way to a better understanding of men and women in terms of their differences and equality. In this unit, you will find out women’s social status, differences and similarities between the two sexes, and their new social roles. Students will consider the gender issue through listening, viewing and reading. A variety of activities will inspire them to talk about gender roles and gender equality using the words and expressions in this unit. And finally, they will conduct a survey on ‘Gender Consciousness in Advertisements’.In this unit, you will∙consider the gender issues through listening, viewing and reading∙discuss the gender roles and gender equality through guided activities∙conduct a survey on ‘Gender Consciousness in Advertisements’∙pick up useful words and expressions∙learn to reflect on your own learning and comment on that of your peers∙learn to think independently, critically and creativelyBackground Information“A woman must have money and a room of her own if she is to write fiction”. Eighty years ago Virginia Woolf published these words in an essay that was to become one of the seminal feminist texts of our age. “A Room of One’s Own” has shaped the way in which creative achievement by men and women is viewed, and provided a point of reference for generations of female writers. Woolf uses the ‘room’ as a symbol for privacy, leisure time, and financial independence, all of which have been historically lacking for women. Women today are still struggling to find the mental and physical space for their creativity and advocating for equal rights with men in society.In response to the Women’s Movement, there arose a Men’s Movement. Three books have catalyzed the mythopoetic me n’s movement: Robert Bly’s Iron John, Sam Keen’s Fire in the Belly,and Robert Moore and Douglas Gillette’s King, Warrior, Magician, Lover . All posit a stable entity called “male identity” and see initiation as a key to achieving it.Wherever these two movements will lead, it is time we took a new look on the gender roles and female-male relations.Global Gender Gap Index Rank 2009 Country Score Rank 2008 1 Iceland 0.828 4 2 Finland 0.825 2 3 Norway 0.823 1 4 Sweden 0.814 3 5 New Zealand 0.788 5 6 South Africa 0.770 22 7 Denmark 0.763 7 8 Ireland 0.760 8 9 Philippines 0.758 6 10Lesotho0.75016* 0-1 scale: 0= inequality, 1= equalityTopic Preview1. Read the passage on page X and learn the useful expressions related to women’s status.2. Log online and search for information concerning the women’s movement and the men’s movement .Lesson OneLead inTask 1 Describing the PictureDescribe the picture first and then discuss how the traditional gender roles are under challenge.Teaching Tips1. This task is designed to prepare students for the topic “Men and Women’s Pr ejudices ”.2. Ask students to describe the picture with their peers.3. Here are some questions for students to discuss: What are the stereotypes of men and women inChina? In what way do the people in the picture differ from these stereotypes? What give rise to the change(s)? To what extent do you think it is acceptable in China nowadays?Task 2 Reflecting on the ReadingTeaching Tips1.This task is designed to check students’ understanding of the reading material.2.Ask students to answer the following questions.Read through the Supplementary Reading on page X, and answer the following questions.1.Why does the author hold that the statistics in the workforce mislead us to believe that women’sstatus has improved?Answer: Because women don’t share the equal weight in business and social dimensions.2．How did women win their seats and says at workplaces in the past decades, according to the author?Answer: They won by competing with men fiercely at the expense of their own gender identity .3.What are the suggestions to women provided by the author to change the current situation?Answer: Women should build self-confidence; on the other hand, they should maintain their own gender identity and diversify their definition of success.4.According to the author, what is the essential part in the gender equality?Answer:To change attitudes, especially to cultivate respect for each other is essential to achieve real gender equality.5.What is the purpose of writing this article?Answer: The author intends to draw the public’s attention to the fact that women still don’t weigh much in business and social circles and advocates a change in perception of the opposite sex.Task 3 Expanding Your VocabularyTeaching Tips1.This task is designed to enlarge students’ vocabulary and improve their ability to explain words inEnglish.2.Ask students to match the words with the correct meaning and memorize the Englishexplanations.Read through the words in the left-hand column,and match each of them with the appropriate meaning in the right-hand column.1. conventional A. sailing for pleasure or relaxation2. aggressively B. stand up or offer resistance to sb. or sth.3. cruising C. accepted customs and proprieties4. measure D. stimulating interest or thought5. withstand E. in a hostile or bold manner6. thought-provoking F. standardKey: 1-C 2-E 3-A 4-F 5-B 6- DAudio StudioWord Bank1. paradox n. a situation that seems strange because it involves two ideas orqualities that are very different 自相矛盾2. pervasive adj. existing or spreading everywhere 弥漫的，遍布的3. demographic adj. relating to dynamic balance of a population 人口统计学的4. inadequate adj. not sufficient to meet a need 不够好，不足5. acknowledge v. to recognize as genuine or valid 承认6. alignment n. the state of being arranged parallel to something 与……排列成行7 reverse v. to change sth., so that it is the opposite of what it was before 改变Task 1 Identifying the GistTeaching Tips1.This task is designed to train students to get the gist of the audio clip.2.Ask students to go over the questions and make their choices quickly.3.Tell them not to worry about individual words but to focus on understanding the whole passage.4.Play the audio clip and ask students to make the correct choices.Listen to the audio clip, and choose the right answers to the questions.1.What is the audio clip mainly about?A) How to raise the women’s sense of happiness.B) Reason s for the women’s lesser sense of happiness.C) The improved women status in the U.S..2.What accounts for the declining sense of happiness for women?A) Discrepancy between women’s wants and gains.B) Single parenthood or divorce.C) Family financial problems.Task 2 Checking the FactsTeaching Tips1.This task is designed to train students to focus on important details.2.Ask students to read the statements quickly and prepare for the listening.3.Play the audio clip again and draw students’ attention to the detailed information.4.Allow students some time to complete the statements.5.Ask students to repeat the sentences and memorize the key phrases or sentence structures.Listen to the audio clip again and fill in the blanks according to what you have heard. Repeat the sentences after you have completed them.1.The research showed that over the past 35 years women’s happiness has declined, both comparedto the past and relative to men even though, by most objective measures, the lives of women in the U.S. have improved in recent decades.2.They cast doubt on the hypothesis that trends in marriage and divorce, single parenthood orwork/family balance are at the root of the happiness declines among women.3.One theory for the decline in happiness is that expectations for workplace and generaladvancement were raised too high and women might feel inadequate for not having it all.4.The researchers acknowledge that is a possibility.5.But the researchers also add that things could change for the better, a s women’s e xpectationsmove into alignment with their experiences, this decline in happiness may reverse.ScriptWhy aren’t women happier these days? That’s the question raised by a thought-provoking study, ‘The Paradox of Declining Female Happiness’ released last month. The research showed that over the past 35 years women’s happiness has declined, both compared to the past and relative to men even though, by most objective measures, the lives of women in the U.S. have improved in recent decades.The research, by University of Pennsylvania economists Betsey Stevenson and Justin Wolfers, released by the National Bureau of Economic Research, found the decline in happiness to be pervasive among women across a variety of demographic groups. The researchers measured similar declines in happiness among women who were single parents and married parents. They cast doubt on the hypothesis that trends in marriage and divorce, single parenthood or work/family balance are at the root of the happiness declines among women.One theory for the decline in happiness is that expectations for workplace and general advancement were raised too high by the women’s movement and women might feel inadequate for not having it all.The researchers acknowledge that is a possibility. They think that If the women’s movement raised women’s expectations faster than society was able to meet them, the women would be more likely be disappointed by their actual life experiences. But the researchers also add that things could change for the better, a s women’s expectations move into alignment with their experiences, this decline in happiness may reverse.Adapted from/juggle/2009/06/22/why-arent-women-happier/tab/article/Video StudioWord Bank1. ingrained Adjsomething firmly established and therefore difficult to change 根深蒂固的2. psyche n. s omeone’s mind or their basic nature, which controls their attitudes and behavior 心灵3. mathematician n. someone who studies or teaches mathematics, or is a specialist in mathematics 数学老师，数学家4. physicist n. someone who studies or works in physics 物理学家5.cite v.to mention something as an example, especially one that supports, proves or explains an idea or situation 引证6.coefficient n.the number by which something that varies is multiplied 系数 7. calculusn.the branch of mathematics that is concerned with limits and with the differentiation and integration of functions 微积分Task 1 Matching & PredictingTeaching Tips1. This task is designed to train students to identify key information and familiarize them with usefulexpressions.2. Allow students some time to complete the statements with the given phrases.3. Pair up students. Have them discuss the answers and predict the topic of the video clip.4. Play the video clip and check the answers.Complete the following statements with the phrases given below. Predict what will be talked about in the video. Then check your answers after watching the video clip.1. Many teachers and parents have said it; it is sort of a thought ingrained in the American psychethat boys are better than girls at mathematics.2. But today a team of researchers writing in the journal "Science" says the conventional wisdom iscompletely wrong.3. The lack of women mathematicians, engineers and physicists has often been cited as proof of adifference in the sexes in math performance.4. For anytime I see math, I just, I try and stay away from it.5. And teachers have been reaching out aggressively to girls, urging them to get in on the action.6. We are not born knowing how to do calculus.Task 2 Checking Your ComprehensionTeaching Tips1. This task is designed to train students to grasp important information.2. Before playing the video clip again, ask students to answer the following questions from memory.3. Play the video clip. Ask students to focus on the key information.4. Allow students enough time to answer the following questions.conventional wisdom be cited as proof be born knowing ingrained instay away fromreach outWatch the video clip and answer the following questions.1. What has been cited as proof of a gender difference? Answer : The lack of women mathematicians, engineers and physicists.2. What upset the public fifteen years ago? Answer : The girls’ lag ged behind the boys on the SAT college entrance exam.3. What’s the special course offered by the New Jer sey Institute of Technology?Answer: The New Jersey Institute of Technology offered a robot building course to the girls.4. What does Ramona mean when she said “The fact that I understand it so cruising”?Answer: She means she can understand math and handle the problems with ease.5. What has enabled some people to become rich? Answer : Hi-tech has.Task 3 Bridging the GapTeaching Tips1.This task is designed to train students to take down key information through viewing. 2. Before playing the video clip again, ask students to fill in the blanks from memory. 3. Play the video clip. Ask students to focus on the key information. 4. Allow students enough time to take down notes.Watch the video clip again and complete the table.Reasons for the Gap between Male and Female in Math1. Girls were misled by the conventional wisdom ingrained in the people’s psyche.2. Influenced by some negative psychological suggestion, girls used to try and stay away when they encountered math.Reasons for the Disappearing Gender Gap in Math Performance1. Institutes provide a special course to the girls to show students that math is the gateway to a future in technology.2. Hi-tech has turned cool with everyone texting and downloading , and some people getting very rich , which inspired the girls to take theScriptGender Differences in MathMany teachers and parents have said it; it is sort of a thought ingrained in the American psyche that boys are better than girls at mathematics. But is it true? The lack of women mathematicians, engineers and physicists has often been cited as proof of a difference in the sexes in math performance. But today a team of researchers writing in the journal Science says the conventional wisdom is completely wrong. With our closer look, here is ABC’s Ned Potter.“Oh, oh, look, look, we can do it.”15 years ago, it was an issue that filled the headlines that by high school, girls were falling 50 points behind boys on the SAT college entrance exam. (It’s the coefficient of A) Here’s part of a story of ours from 1994.“For anytime I see math, I just, I try and stay away from it.”But somet hing’s changed. This is Ramona ; she was a baby when we did that first story. Now she is building robots in a special course of the New Jersey Institute of Technology. And she says she loves the stuff.“What is it about math that you like?”“The fact that I understand it so cruising like sometimes I don’t have to study to actually get it. It just comes natural to me.”Researchers looked at test scores from more than 7 million kids grades 2 to 11, and whatever differences there used to be, they are now gone.What’s happened? Among other things, hi -tech has turned cool with everyone texting and downloading, and some people getting very rich. “Plans need a g as called . . .”And teachers have been reaching out aggressively to girls, urging them to get in on the action. “500 points for you.”Being interested in science, engineering and technology is not, does not make you a geek, and as a matter of fact, it’s the geeks who rule the world.The result, for the first time girls are taking math as often as boys. “I feel like I am learning a lot more this year.”We are not born knowing how to do calculus. And when girls take classes at the same rate as boys, we tend to get a narrowing of the gender gap. Most of America’s engineers are still men, but that’smath-related subjects.3. Teachers have reached out aggressively to the girls, and urged them to get in on the action .changing. Half of the kids who go on to get math degrees are now female.Ned Potter, ABC News, Newark, New JerseySource:/Technology/story?id=5441728&page=2Notes:1. SAT: The SAT test is a college preparatory exam devised to give an idea of a student’s competency with basic skills in mathematics, reading and writing. Since the early 20th century, the SAT test has been a major source of information for colleges and has served as a benchmark of public education.2. Geek: Originally it means a carnival performer often billed as a wild man whose act usually includes biting the head off a live chicken or snake. Now it often refers to an enthusiast or expert especially in a technological field or activity.Speaking WorkshopTeaching Tips1.This section is designed to draw students’attention to useful expressions and structures in thislesson.2.Encourage students to use these expressions and structures in the following speaking activities. Expressions & Structures to Use1.to cast doubt on2.to stay away from3.to reach out4. to get in on the action5. to acknowledge that...6. to move into alignment withTask 1 SummarizingTeaching Tips1.This speaking activity is designed to train students to summarize.2.Ask students to summarize the video clip.3.Ask students to work in pairs and allow them some time to prepare an oral presentation with thehelp of the given tips.4.Select some of the pairs to present their summaries.Discuss with your peers and complete the following tips with the information you have learned in the video clip. Then prepare an oral presentation with the help of the tips.Tips… not hardwired to excel in …✧…be ingrained in …✧…gender gap …✧… tailored courses✧… reach out aggressively to ...✧… urge to...✧…gateway to a future…✧As a result …SummaryFifteen years ago, the stereotype that girls were simply not hardwired to excel in mathematics was ingrained in people’s ps yche. But a recent study shows the gender gap in math performance has disappeared. The change may result from the fact that some institutes offer tailored courses to girls and teachers have reached out aggressively to girls, urging them to take math classes. Besides, hi-tech has turned cool, and geeky role models show students that math is the gateway to a future in technology. This message seems to be working. As a result, girls take classes at the same rate as boys nowadays, and we tend to get a narrowing gender gap.While most of America’s engineers are still men, that demographic is shifting. Half of the students who continue on to get math degrees are now female.Task 2 Solving the ProblemTeaching Tips1.This speaking activity is designed to encourage students to think creatively about how to solvereal life problems with the knowledge they have acquired in this lesson.2.Ask students to form groups of four or five and assign them different roles.3.Encourage students to u se as many phrases from the “Expressions & Structures to Use” box aspossible in their role play.4.Monitor the process and provide appropriate assistance when necessary.Work with your peers on the situation below and try to come up with a solution to the problem described. You are expected to share your ideas and justify yourself in this process. Use as many phrases from the “Expressions & Structures to Use” box as possible.Situation1.Work in groups of four. One student should act as an HR manager of a giant telecommunicationscompany, who is hunting for a Sales Manager for its business development in China. The company engages in telecommunication equipment and services, and has been competing fiercely with its rivals for the market share in China. The others should act as applicants of both sexes. In a job interview, the candidates should try every means to convince the HR manager of his/her own competence for the post. Taking factors as the candidates qualities and labour cost into consideration, the HR manager should make the decision and tell why this is so.2.You have 15 minutes to discuss within your own group.3.Several groups will be selected to present their role plays. The rest of the class will vote for theone they feel happiest to support in each group’s performance.4.Ask the class to pay attention to the ways boy and girl students present themselves in the jobinterview. Discuss if there is any difference between male and female in terms of their communication strategies.Alternative Situation1.Work in groups of four. Suppose the four students were the student representatives invited to ameeting on summer school uniforms. You are designing the school uniform(s) for the boy and girl students on your campus.2.You have 15 minutes to discuss within your group and determine the style, colour, andaccessories, if any. Draw your design on a piece of paper.3.Select two groups to report their projects. The rest of the class will vote for the one they feelhappiest to support.4.Ask the class to note if the clothes are gender specific and how.Project BulletinWork on the following real-life project with your group members and present your report in the next class.Real-Life ProjectWork in a group of six to eight. C onduct a research on ‘Gender Consciousn ess in Advertisements’. First collect advertisements on the media. Present them to the students on your campus. Then ask them to use one or two adjectives to describe the model(s) in the ads, and interview them to ascertain if the ads have aroused their interest in buying the product, and if so why. Summarize and analyze the results. Then present a report in the next class on how male / female consciousness is expressed in the ads, and how they influence people’s consumption choice.Lesson TwoLead inTask 1 BrainstormingTeaching Tips1.This task is designed to arouse students’ interest in gender issues.2.Ask students to work in groups and fill in the table.3.Encourage students to find out the etymology of the words in the table. (right start from the title‘Man’ and ‘Woman’!)Work in pairs and write down as many as possible adjectives describing men and women’s characteristics. You can resort to your dictionary if you like. Share with your peers the words and the stories behind these words.Man WomanTask 2 Expanding Your VocabularyTeaching Tips1.This task is designed to enlarge students’ vocabulary and improve their ability to explain wordsin English.2.Ask students to match the words with the correct meaning and memorize the Englishexplanations.Read through the words in the left-hand column,and match each of them with the appropriate meaning in the right-hand column.1. slacker A. significant progress2. out-earn B. exaggerating3. dynamic C. a hypothesis that is taken for granted4. over-inflating D. to earn more than...5. stride E. to assert or affirm strongly6. reveal F. an efficient incentive7. claim G. to make clear and visible8. assumption H. a person who shirks work or obligationKey: 1-H 2-D 3-F 4-B 5-A 6-G 7-E 8-CAudio StudioWord Bank1. Venus n. the second nearest planet to the sun, visible as an early morning staror an evening star 金星，也被称为晨星或暮星2. planetary adj. resembling the physical or orbital characteristics of a planet or theplanets 行星的3. cognitive adj. involving the psychological result of perception, learning andreasoning 认知的4. aggression n. violent action that is hostile and usually unprovoked 进攻，侵略5. nurturing adj. helping develop or grow 照料的，养育的6. construct n. an abstract or general idea inferred or derived from specific instances构想，概念Task 1 Identifying the GistTeaching Tips1.This task is designed to train students to get the gist of the audio clip.2.Ask students to go over the questions and make their choices quickly.3.Tell them not to worry about individual words but to focus on understanding the whole passage.4.Play the audio clip and ask the students to make the correct choices.Listen to the audio clip, and choose the right answers to the questions.1.What is the audio clip mainly about?A) An insignificant gender difference found by a research.B) Social reasons for gender bias.C) The genetic and psychological differences between sexes.2.Why may women leaders be hindered along their career paths?A) They are cognitively disadvantaged.B) They have lower social expectations.C) They go against their stereotype.Task 2 Checking the FactsTeaching Tips1.This task is designed to train students to focus on important details and useful sentence structures.2.Play the audio clip again and ask students to answer the questions.3.Allow students some time to finish this task, and then check their answers.Listen to the audio clip again, and answer the following questions by completing the sentences.1.According to Professor Hyde, in what dimensions are men and women more similar?Answer:Men and women are more similar in 1) personality , communication, 2) cognitive ability and 3) leadership than we generally believe.2. According to Professor Hyde, why do girls lag behind their male counterparts in math?Answer: Their parents have lower expectation of their success and that affects their confidence.3.According to Professor Hyde, what accounts for the gender differences in society?Answer:1) Society’s expectation of how men and women should behave shape people’s attitudes and guide their behaviours.2) Over-inflating claims of gender differences exercise influence on people’s psychology.ScriptMen may be from Venus tooMen and women might be on the same planetary wavelength after all. According to PsychologistProfessor Janet Hyde at the University of Wisconsin, men and women are more alike than different in personality, communication, cognitive ability and leadership than is generally believed.The studies looked at cognitive abilities, such as the ability to do mathematics, verbal and nonverbal communication, aggression, leadership, self-esteem, moral reasoning and motor behaviour, such as throwing distance and found large gender differences in throwing distance, and attitudes about casual sex, and a moderate difference in aggression. But for most psychological characteristics, she found no differences between men and women.Hyde found evidence that differences between men and women are linked to society’s expectation of how they should behave. For instance, women smiled more than men when observed but this was not the case when they thought they were not being observed. Hyde says the findings provide strong evidence against the idea that psychological differences between men and women are “large and stable”.Besides the social expectations, over-inflating claims of differences between men and women can be damaging. After examining the gender differences in math performance in high school, Hyde revealed that it could be due to parents having lower expectations of their daughters’ s uccess in math and thus affecting her self-confidence and performance.She also found women’s success as workplace leaders can also be hindered if they go against the caring and nurturing stereotype.So it’s really amazing how people’s perceptions of them selves and their own behaviours are in fact a reflection of assumptions and constructs in society.Adapted from‘Men may be from Venus too’, by Anna Salleh, 19 September 2005 .au/science/articles/2005/09/19/1462074.htmVideo StudioWord Bank1. psychiatrist n. a physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of mentaldisorders 精神病医师2. feminine adj.womanly女性的3. masculinity n. the properties of the male sex 男性，雄性4. chores n. the regular or daily light work of a household or farm 家务,杂事5. maternity leave n. leave allowed to the woman who has just given birth to a child 产假6. a stay-at-homemom a mom who remains at home especially to tend to children and domestic duties while her spouse is at work 全职妈妈7. flexibility n. a quality of being adaptable or variable 弹性，机动性8. cut to the chase get to the main point 闲话少说，切入正题。

Unit 1 IdentityMelanie:Your story of identity theft is quite scary. What happened?Nick:One day early in the morning, I was awakened by a Loud knock . When I opened the door,Five olicemen were standing there telling me to go to jail . I asked why and they said that I was wanted for bank fraud. I said I never did that! ” and they said “that’s something we’ve never heard before”tell it to the judge” Melanie: Did you really have to spend time in jail?Nick :Yes, I certainly did. Melanie:How could you prove it wasn ’t you who committed the crime?Nick :Frankly, I never did. I simply paid the amount owed and all the charges were dismissed. It was really a debt to a casino and, although it was a felony, all they wanted was their money.Melanie: Whew! For me, perhaps the most alarming aspect of your story is that you had to spend several days in jail—in spite of the fact that they knew that the person who committed the fraud was of a different race than you. That is truly scary.Nick : Yes. People suffer because others steal their identities to work illegally. Someone used another ’s identity for years and ruined their credit When their kids want to get their first cars or student loans it takes them years to settle the damage.Melanie: Did they catch the person who used your identity to commit the crimes?Nick : Yes. He was put in jail for identity fraud.Unit 2 Personality Real World ListeningMr. Washington: George, are you sure you had nothing to do with chopping down the cherry tree?Geor ge : I don’t clearly recall chopping this tree down.Mr. Washington: Isn ’ t this your axe?George : That appears to be very similar to my axe.Mr. Washington: But your axe is right here, and the tree is freshly cut, and you are the only person around.Mrs. Washington: Oh, just drop it, and it ’s only a tree.Mr. Washington: But it’s not just the tree. We really need to find out if he’s being honest with us. I won’t put up with lying, and he shouldn’t get you to cover up for him.George : I’m going to say this one more time: I didn’t chop down that tree—the cherry tree—and I did not ask anyone to lie. Not one time. Never!Mr. Washington: George, there’s no fresh-cutFirewood around, but your hair and clothing are full of wood chips,and the chips look like cherry wood to me. How do you explain that?George : Clearly my behavior has been inappropriate. I deeply regret the damage which seems to have been done to the tree. But I really need to get back to my chores now.Mr. Washington: We’re not finished yet. Now I’m going to ask you directly. Did you chop down the cherry tree?George : Well, it’s possible that I might have swung the axe in an inappropriate Manner which might have resulted in some harm to the tree, but at the moment you asked me, I was thinking of wh at“chop”means and my action didn’t meet my definition of “chopping”, so I didn’t lie.Mrs. Washington: This is not really worth all the fuss. Even if he did it, it’s only a tree. Let’s forget itand enjoy this lovely afternoon.George : Thank you, Mom. We have aStateloak tree on the front lawn. Can I try my axe again there?Unit 3 LifestyleReal World Listening。

大学体验英语听说教程听力原文【第四册Unit_1】Identity学习啊学英语简单吗？肯定会有许多学生说：“难死了”。

为什么有好多学生对英语的学习都感到头疼呢？答案只有一个：“不得法。

” 英语与汉语一样都是一种语言，为什么你说汉语会如此流利？那是因为你置身于一个汉语环境中，如果你在伦敦呆上半年，保准说起英语来会非常流利。

但很多中学生没有很好的英语环境，那么你可以自己设置一个英语环境，坚持“多说”、“多听”、“多读”、“多写”，那么你的英语成绩肯定会很出色。

一、多“说”。

自己多创造机会与英语教师多讲英语，见了同学，尤其是和好朋友在一起时尽量用英语去问候，谈心情……这时候你需随身携带一个英汉互译小词典，遇到生词时查一下这些生词，也不用刻意去记，用的多了，这个单词自然而然就会记住。

千万别把学英语当成负担，始终把它当成一件有趣的事情去做。

或许你有机会碰上外国人，你应大胆地上去跟他打招呼，和他谈天气、谈风景、谈学校……只是别问及他的年纪，婚史等私人问题。

尽量用一些你学过的词汇，句子去和他谈天说地。

不久你会发现与老外聊天要比你与中国人谈英语容易的多。

因为他和你交谈时会用许多简单词汇，而且不太看重说法，你只要发音准确，准能顺利地交流下去。

只是你必须要有信心，敢于表达自己的思想。

如果没有合适的伙伴也没关系，你可以拿过一本书或其它什么东西做假想对象，对它谈你一天的所见所闻，谈你的快乐，你的悲伤等等，长此坚持下去你的口语肯定会有较大的提高。

二、多“听”寻找一切可以听英语的机会。

别人用英语交谈时，你应该大胆地去参与，多听听各种各样人的发音，男女老少，节奏快的慢的你都应该接触到，如果这样的机会少的话，你可以选择你不知内容的文章去听，这将会对你帮助很大，而你去听学过的课文的磁带，那将会对你的语言语调的学习有很大的帮助。

三、多“读”。

“读”可以分为两种。

一种是“默读”。

每天给予一定时间的练习将会对你提高阅读速度有很大的好处，读的内容可以是你的课本，但最好是一些有趣的小读物，因为现在的英语高考越来越重视阅读量和阅读速度。

BOOK-4Ex.3BADDCEx.4media images abusive fulfillingstatus stresses aware deserveEx.5obligation applauded fulfilled mirror flexible devalue striving entailed supposedly Consequently Ex.6Referred to as at best by the same token at large held up…as Ex.7stress a family a burden/responsibility responsibility/a commitment support/recognition/attention/appreciation luxury attention/ recognition/ appreciationa commitment recognition/support appreciation/recognitionEx.12DCACAEx.13redefined sphere accomplishment opposite playmates emotionally equality initiative status changeEx. 14equality sustained clue expensiveness was sacked defined sphere sour depressing divisionEx.2ACAACEx.4warned communication dangerous identities cheated illustrates advantages differently appearance opportunities Ex.5awaited have overtaken pose cues has undermined spotted judged distracted offend maskEx.6brought out with the exception of thanks to taken in capable of Ex.7Synonyms:internet; to web global; worldwide network; interconnection digital; numerical deceit; deceptionAntonyms:online; offline harmless; harmfulAACBAEx.14embarrassed tutor potential hence yield affection appropriate presentation romantic recommendation Ex. 15in terms of participating in get down to base…on acts onEx. 16courtesy gentleman embarrass education personality behavior affection satisfy appropriateEx.4misconceptions laws restrictions usage scope consequences myths ethicalEx.5violated derive blocked default rationalized quoted exclusive contained anonymous chargeEx.6is up to resulted in was charged with was unlikely handing out Ex.12F T T F FEx.14have witnessed trample abusing manual duplicated knowingly tactic patrolling budget enforceEx. 15end up give…short shrift step up…to infringed on doesn’t fit into Ex. 16a fine rights/law law/rights money deadlinesa presentation rehearsals a copy/money permission an interviewEx.3ABCCAEx.4preparation indicate capable analysis particular occupations neither professionalEx.5sensitive classification sufficiently steer familiarity consequently reward qualifications fundaments evaluateEx.6As for focus…on benefit…from failed to relevant to Ex.12DCADBbeyond champions ignored obliged sheerlagged prospects proficiency prejudice claimEx. 14in a way drawing up calls for signed up for set…backEx.2T T T F T T T T T FEx.4moral cheat cynical taintedvirtue thriving exclusive reinforceEx.5morality quest downright advocated contemporaries deceiving exclusive obstructing captured conscience Ex.6took into goes back carry out pointed to in opposition to Ex.7to seek/provide/capture an advantage to protect/promote interestto reach to reinforce morality to advance/promote a careerto capture an idea to exam a questionto call off/reinforce ethics to sound the theme to build/seek trustEx.12BCAAAEx.14compelled compassion disclosure exploring malnourished plaguing pledge breach span transactionEx. 15Sitting idle broke down in all respects gave…credit by the conduct ofEx.2BACD CBAEx.4portrayed revealed depression game admiration connection uninterested loyal including psychological Ex.5achievement self-esteem primitive aroused identified confrontation conflict soaring abandoned professional Ex.6through thick and thin root for backed up belonged to starve off Ex.7Synonymsself-worth back up; supportAntonymsLight-hearted; intense helpful; harmfulEx.12CDBBAEx.14victim depress devote concluded beneficial recreational propelled financial nothing regardless Ex. 15Along with agree with in terms of go back to be responsible forEx.2ADCBCEx.4reluctance succession uncertain financial identity conflicts recognize successfully opportunitiesEx.6At stake cling to hang on turned…over referred to…as Ex.12ABCADEx.13Social Security company’s 401(k) retirement their investment company’s 401(k) retirement Deferent attitudes Positiveless working people much responsibility for employees’ retireme ntquality for a decent pension don’t send anything aheadEx. 14certify consulted monthly maintained benefitssurvey restless aggressive evaporated maximumEx.2DDDB DABBEx.4potential create distribution consumers overcome express affected global fashionable impressiveEx.5rescue fancy potential dilemma restricts descendant affection samples were assessed versionEx.6Has taken root turned out in person ran into prefer… to…Ex.12DBDBCcomplaint breakdown brilliant released distracted alternate artificial intuitive periodic hailed Ex. 15hail from take a broader view offer up up in arms againstwas stacked up wised upEx.16.to release a film to play a disk to run a business to implement (offer) a solutionto improve one’s comprehension to maximize one’s profitsto promote globalization to split the worldto offer a paradox tp create a new standard。

Unit1(BOOK4)Part B The Hospital WindowJack and Ben, both seriously ill, occupied the same hospital room. Jack, whose bed was next to the room's only window, was allowed to sit up in his bed for an hour each afternoon to help drain the fluid from his lungs. But Ben had to spend all day and night flat on his bed. To kill time the two men began to talk. They talked for hours about their wives, families, their homes, their jobs, their involvement in the military service, and where they had been on vacation. As days went by, a deep friendship began to develop between them.Every afternoon when Jack could sit up, he would pass the time by describing to Ben all the things he could see outside the window. And Ben began to live for those one-hour periods where his world would be broadened and enlivened by all the activity and color of the world outside.The window overlooked a park with a lovely lake. Ducks and swans played on the water while children sailed their model boats. Young lovers walked arm in arm amid flowers of every color of the rainbow. Grand old trees beautified the landscape, and a fine view of the city skyline could be seen in the distance.As Jack described all this in exquisite detail, Ben would close his eyes and imagine the picturesque scenes.One warm afternoon Jack described a parade passing by. Although Ben couldn't hear the band -- he could see it in his mind's eye as Jack portrayed it with descriptive words.Days and weeks passed. One morning the day nurse arrived to bring water for their baths only to find the lifeless body of Jack, who had died peacefully in his sleep. She was saddened and called the hospital attendants to take the body away.Ben was heart broken. Life without Jack was even more unbearable. How he longed to hear Jack's voice and his melodious descriptions of the outside world! As he looked at the window, an idea suddenly occurred to him. Perhaps he could see for himself what it was like outside. As soon as it seemed appropriate, Ben asked if he could be moved next to the window. The nurse was happy to make the switch, and after making sure he was comfortable, she left him alone.Slowly, painfully, he propped himself up on one elbow to take his first look at the world outside. Finally, he would have the joy of seeing it for himself! He strained to slowly turn to look out the window beside the bed. It faced a blank wall!'What could have compelled my roommate to describe such wonderful things outside this window?' Ben asked the nurse when she returned.'Perhaps he just wanted to encourage you to live on,' she said. 'You know, he was blind andcould not even see the wall.'Questions:1. What does the story mainly tell us?2. Which of the following adjectives can best describe Jack?3. What did Jack describe to Ben according to the story?Part CAdditional ListeningShort ConversationsConversation 1:M: How do you like your roommate, Debby?W: Ever since we met on the first day of college, we've been inseparable.Q: What do you know about Debby and her roommate?Conversation 2:M: Have you heard from Linda lately? You two were so intimate in college.W: Well, honestly, I haven't heard from her as much as I used to since she moved to the east coast two months ago. But I'm sure the friendship between us is as strong as it was before.Q: What can you infer from the woman’s response?Conversation 3:W: Do you keep in touch with your old friends back home now that you don't see them regularly?M: Frankly, after I moved to this city, I'm out of touch with most of them except a few close ones.Q: What does the man mean?Conversation 4:W: It's polite to call a friend before we visit, isn't it?M: You're right. People usually don't like surprise visits. But close friends often drop in on each other.Q: What does the man mean?Conversation 5:M: Cathy, it seems that you and Sally do almost everything together.W: That's true. You see, we were born on the same day. We both majored in fashion designing. And we even have the same love for using bright-colored material in our designs. Isn't it amazing!Q: What can we learn from the conversation?Part DThe Colors of FriendshipLegend has it that the colors of the world started to quarrel one day. All claimed that they were the best, the most beautiful.Green said: "Clearly I am the most important. I am the sign of life and of hope. I was chosen for grass, trees and leaves. Without me, all animals would die."Blue interrupted: "You only think about the earth, but have you ever considered the color of the sky and the sea?"Hearing this, Yellow chuckled: "You are all so serious. I bring laughter, gaiety and warmth into the world. I am the color of the sun, the moon and all the stars. Without me there would be no fun."Orange started next to blow her trumpet: "I am the color of health and strength. I may be scarce, but I am precious, for I serve the needs of human life."At this, Red could stand it no longer. He shouted: "I am the ruler of all of you. I am the color of blood -- life's blood! I am also the color of danger and bravery, of passion and love."Purple rose up to his full height: "I am the color of royalty and power. I am the sign of authority and wisdom. People do not question me! They listen and obey."Finally Indigo spoke: "Think of me. I am the color of silence. You hardly notice me, but without me you all become superficial. I represent thought and reflection."And so the colors went on boasting. Their quarrelling became louder and louder. Suddenly there was a startling flash of bright lightning, followed by a roll of thunder. Rain started to pour down. The colors crouched down in fear, drawing close to one another for comfort.Just then rain began to speak: "You foolish colors, fighting amongst yourselves, each trying to dominate the rest. Don't you know that you were each made for a special purpose, unique and different? Join hands with one another and come to me."Doing as they were told, the colors united and joined hands.Then rain continued: "From now on, when it rains, each of you will stretch across the sky to form a great bow of colors as a reminder that you can all live in peace. The rainbow is a sign of hope for tomorrow."And so, whenever a good rain washes the world, a rainbow appears in the sky, to let us remember to appreciate one another.。