2021年高考英语专题复习：分词专项讲解
分词是一种非谓语动词形式。分词有现在分词和过去分词两种。分词既具有动词的一些特征，可自带状语，有自己的逻辑主语，现在分词还可以带宾语，有时态和语态的变化。它同时又具有形容词和副词的句法功能，可以作表语、定语、状语，也可以用于复合结构作宾语补足语等。
现在分词和过去分词的时态和语态如下表(如动词do为例)：
否定式：not + 分词
现在分词
一、现在分词的特性：
现在分词:
二、现在分词的形式：
三、现在分词的功能：
A: 做定语（分析分词与____________的关系）
a. 现在分词表示主动及进行的含义，相当于定语从句。
a sleeping boy
a boy sleeping on the bed （= a boy who is sleeping on the bed）
注意：1。单个的现在分词做定语，放在被修饰词的前面，即：前置
现在分词短语做定语，放在被修饰词的后面，即：后置
2。在定语从句中，若关系代词做主语且谓语动词为be动词+分词，则可以把关系代词和be动词一起省略
b. 现在分词作定语，表示动作正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生，或表
示某个经常的动作或状态.
A rolling stone gathers no moss.
The gentleman standing over there is our principal.
注意:1. 现在分词完成式一般不做定语。表示发生在位于动词之前的动作，用定语从句。
The girl having won the race is my deskmate.( ×)
The girl who has won the match is my deskmate.( √)
2. 现在分词作定语，表示动作正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生。
The expert coming here yesterday will give us a lecture.( ×)
The expert who came here yesterday will give us a lecture..( √)
B：做表语：现在分词作表语表示主语的性质或特征
（相当于一个adj）(分析分词与_________的关系)
有些动词（并非所有动词）的现在分词和过去分词相当于一个形容词
如：动词interest的现在分词interesting和过去分词interested 已经可直接是adj 做表语了，eg:
The book is interesting.
I am interested (in the book).
这些动词有：
excite → exciting → excited puzzle → puzzling → puzzled
move → moving →moved frighten→ frightening →frightened
tire→ tiring →tired bore → boring → bored
touch → touching→ touched disappoint → disappointing → disappointed surprise → surprising → surprised shock → shocking → shocked
astonish → astonishing → astonished amaze → amazing → amazed
C: 做宾补：（分析分词与________的关系）
I found him lying on the grass.(him为lying的逻辑主语）
在下列短语中，现在分词都做宾补的成分：
see
hear/ look at
notice / watch/ observe sb. doing
feel
find / have / keep
eg, I saw the little boy playing on the seaside just now.
D. 做状语：（分析分词与_______的关系）
●做时间状语（相当于一个时间状语从句）
eg, Hearing the news, he began to cry.
(=______________________________________ )
●做原因状语（相当于一个原因状语从句）
eg, Having no money, he didn’t buy the dress.
(=________________________________________.)
●做条件状语（相当于一个条件状语从句）
eg, Turning to the left, you will find the farm.
(= ________________________________________.)
对比：
______ to the left, and you will find the farm.. (用turn的适当形式填空)
●做伴随状语 (分词短语搁在句前或句后均可)
eg, Following his father, he entered the room.
Or : He entered the room, following his father.
●做结果状语
eg, His parents died in the accident, leaving him an orphan.
四．现在分词的时态语态：
对比：
Hearing the news, he began to cry.
一般式
Having heard the news, he began to cry.
完成时：（强调“听到”的动作发生在谓语动作“开始”之前。）
The new school being built now is ours.
A.现在分词的时态
1. 现在分词一般式表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；或一个动作发生后，另一个动作紧接着发生。分词的一般式常在书面语中用作背景的描写。例如：
Walking down the street, I ran into Lily.
Hearing the news, I jumped with joy.
Switching off the lights, I turned over and buried my head in the pillow.
Living in the country, we had few social engagements.
2. 现在分词完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生。
Having noted down our names and addresses, the policeman dismissed us.
Having passed my driving test, I was able to buy my first car.
I was able to buy my first car, having passed my driving test.
3.现在分词一般式和完成式均可表示已完成的动作，但在说话人心中，用一般式把2个动作看做是几乎同时发生，用完成式则强调2个动作的先后。例如：
Locking the door, she went out.
Having studied in the university for three years, he knows the place very well.
B ．现在分词的语态：
①现在分词一般式的被动语态强调动作正在进行中。例如：
The house being built will be our office building.
Being surrounded, the rebel troops were forced to surrender.
②现在分词完成式的被动语态强调先于谓语动词。例如：
Having been criticized by the teacher, Li Ming gave up smoking.
Not having been invited, he felt very unhappy.
③过去分词也表示被动，但没有强调动作先后的含义。例如：
The concert given by the symphony orchestra was a great success.
They are problems left over by history.
Seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent.
五、现在分词的否定式（ 在分词前加not ）
eg, Not hearing from his son , the old man was sad.
Not knowing her address, he didn’t know how to get in touch with her
过去分词
一、过去分词的特性：
过去分词:
二、过去分词的形式： done
三、过去分词的功能：
A: 做定语（分析分词与________________的关系）
a. 及物动词的过去分词表示被动或完成的含义，相当于定语从句。
Eg1. I received a letter written in English.
I received a letter which was written in English.
Eg2: a broken cup
a cup broken by Li lei (=a cup which is broken by Li lei)
注意：1. 单个的过去分词做定语，放在被修饰词的前面，即：前置
过去分词短语做定语，放在被修饰词的后面，即：后置
2. 在定语从句中，若关系代词做主语且谓语动词为be动词+分词，则可以把关系代
词和be动词一起省略
3. 有些不及物动词的过去分词表示主动的含义、完成的状态，相当于定语从句。
The ground is covered with the fallen leaves.
The ground is covered with leaves which have fallen.
B：做表语：多表示主语所处的状态。（已相当于一个adj）(分析分词与_________的关系)
I felt exhausted this morning.
1。一部分已经在现在分词讲义中出现
2。还有一些动词的过去分词能当形容词使用，如：
broken, seated, lost, dressed, hurt , developed, exhausted 等
C: 做宾补：（分析分词与_________的关系）
I considered the problem settled.(problem为settled的逻辑主语）
在下列短语中，过去分词都做宾补的成分：
see
hear
notice sth. done
watch / observe
feel
find / have / keep / get / leave sb. done
have sth done
①使得某事被做（请人做）= get sth done
eg, I had my bike repaired yesterday.
②遭遇到某事
eg, I had my bike stolen yesterday.
D. 做状语：（分析分词与主语的关系）
●做时间状语（相当于一个时间状语从句）
eg, Praised by the teacher, Li Lei felt very happy.
(= ____________________________________________________.)
●做原因状语（相当于一个原因状语从句）
eg, Seen from the top of the hill, the house look small.
(=____________________________________________________.)
●做条件状语（相当于一个条件状语从句）
eg, Given more time, I can do it better.
(= ____________________________________________________)●做让步状语（相当于一个让步状语从句）
eg, Beaten by the opposite team, they didn’t lose heart.
(= _____________________________________________________)●做伴随状语 (分词短语搁在句前或句后均可)
eg,1. Followed by his son , he entered the room.
(or: He entered the room, followed by his son.)
2. They went back home at last, tired but excited.
四、对比：
Praised by the teacher, Li Lei felt very happy.
过去分词
Having been praised by the teacher, Li Lei felt happy.
(现在分词的完成时的被动态，强调“被表扬”的动作发生在谓语动作”felt ”之前。)
五、现在分词和过去分词用法功能的区别
1）现在分词作前置定语
①表示正在进行的主动动作。
the rising sun=the sun that is rising 正在升起的太阳
②表示主动但不正在进行。
He is a promising student. 他是一个有前途的学生。
2) 过去分词作前置定语
①表示被动，且又是有已完成的含义。
The risen sun= the sun that has just risen 初生的太阳
I don’t like to eat fried eggs. 我不喜欢吃煎蛋。
表示主动，且有完成的含义（仅限于某些不及物动词的过去分词作定语）。
Where are the escaped prisoners？那些逃犯在哪里？
③过去分词用在表示情绪的词语中。例如：
He gave a satisfied smile. 他给了个满意的微笑
二分词作表语
1)现在分词作表语表示主语的性质或特征，常可用very修饰；过去分词作表语表示主语所
处的状态。例如：
The news is very inspiring.
You shouldn’t try to stand up if you are badly hurt.
2）下列表示变成、保持、感觉等意义的动词有系动词的特征，可与某些现在分词或过去分词构成主系表结构：
appear, become, come, feel, go, grow, go, lie, look, remain, rest, stay, sit, stand
三）分词作宾语补足语
1．接分词作宾语补足语的有以下2类动词
第一类包括feel, hear, listen to, see, watch, look at, notice, observe等感官动词。例如：
We saw the teacher making the experiment.
说明：在以上感官动词后，既可用现在分词构成复合宾语，也可用不带to 的不定式构成复合宾语，但两者的含义是有差别的。
①用现在分词作宾语补足语表示动作正在发生（即处于发生的过程中，还没有结束，或是一个反复进行的动作）。
I saw the girl crossing the street. 我看到那女孩在横穿马路。
I saw the young mother slapping her child.我看到那个年轻的母亲反复打她的孩子。
②用不带to的不定式作宾语补足语描述某个单一的动作，或表示动作发生了（即全过程结束了）。例如：
We saw a young mother slap her child in the supermarket.我们看到那个年轻的母亲在超市打了一下他的孩子。
I saw the girl cross the street and run away. 我看到那个女孩穿过马路跑了。
第二类包括discover, find, smell, catch, get, have, keep, leave, send, set, start等表示发现、闻到、致使的动词。例如：
I discovered Mr. Jack sitting near the fires, reading a book.
T he victory sent our spirits rising.
2．接过去分词作宾语补足语的有以下3类动词：
第一类包括see, hear, watch, find, feel, consider等表示感官和心理状态的动词。例如：
We found her greatly changed.
I considered this problem settled.
第二类包括get, have, keep, leave, make, 等表示使役、致使的动词。例如：
I try to make myself understood.
Please keep me informed of the latest developments.
She will get the fence mended.
第三类包括declare, like, need, order, want, wish等表示要求、希望、命令的动词。例如：
He declared the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games closed.
I should like the matter (to be) settled immediately.
The commander ordered the army unit (to be) reorganized.
I don’t want any of you (to be) involved in the scandal.
Do you wish your breakfast (to be) brought to your room?
四）分词作状语
1．分词作状语，表示原因、时间、条件时一般放在句首，如作为方式状语或伴随状态时，放在句首句尾均可。
Reading the letter, she couldn't help crying.
此句分词作原因状语；
She sat at the table, reading a letter.
2．分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语必須与句子的主语一致。
Filled with excitement, this is more than a novel about war at sea.(原因)
Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay. (结果)
United, we stand, divided, we fall.(条件)
Exercising every morning, you will improve your health.(条件)
分词的否定式
分词的否定式总是将否定词not置于分词之前，遇上现在分词的完成式、被动式以及完成被动式，否定词应置于整个结构之前：
Not being able to understand English, he didn’t know what they wanted.
Not having finished his work，he could not leave the office.
分词的逻辑主语
1. 何谓分词的逻辑主语
分词属非谓语动词，即不用作谓语的动词，所以它没有真正的主语。但是，分词作为动词的一种形式，它应有自己理论上或逻辑上的主语：
I often hear him singing this song. 我经常听他唱这首歌。(him 是singing的逻辑主语)
Hearing the news, he couldn’t help crying. 听到这消息，他禁不住哭了。(he是hearing的逻辑主语)
若用的是过去分词或现在分词的被动式，则上面提到的逻辑主语实为“逻辑宾语”：
I often hear this song sung. 我经常听到有人唱这首歌。(this song是sung的逻辑主语，但是sing 的逻辑宾语)
I saw her being taken to the operating room. 我看见她被送到手术室。(her是being taken 的逻辑主语，但是take 的逻辑宾语)
2. 使用分词逻辑主语的易错点
分词作状语，它的逻辑主语通常应是句子主语，否则会出错。请看下例：
(1) Finding her car stolen, ______.
A. a policeman was asked to help
B. the area was searched thoroughly
C. it was looked for everywhere
D. she hurried to a policeman for help
在使用分词的逻辑主语时还要注意根据句意判断是主动还是被动，如：
(2)_____ many times, he still didn’t understand it.
A. Having been told
B. Though to be told
C. Having told
D. He was told
比较下题由于句中用了并列连词but，情况有所不同：
(3)_____ many times, but he still didn’t understand it.
A. Having been told
B. Though he was told
C. To have been told
D. He was told
3. 分词逻辑主语的特例
一般说来，分词作状语，它的逻辑主语应与句子主语一致，但事实上有少数例外的特殊情况：
(1)某些表示说话人态度的一些惯用分词表达，它们在用作状语时其逻辑主语可以与句子主语不一致：
Generally speaking, women live longer than men. 一般说来女人比男人活得长。
Judging from what you say，he ought to succeed. 从你的话看他应当能成功。
Considering the distance，he arrived very quickly. 考虑到路程，他到达是很快的。
Taking everything into consideration, you should leave. 考虑到各种因素，你最好离开。
(2)当句子含有先行主语it或there时，有时有作状语的分词短语可以与先行主语不一致：
Having so little time, there was not much that I could do. 由于时间很少，我能做的事很有限。
Being French, it’s surprising that she’s such a terrible cook. 她是法国人，但她做饭做得那么糟真是令人感到惊奇。
(3)当分词已转化为介词或连词，此时也无需考虑主语一致问题：
Supposing sh e doesn’t come, what shall we do? 要是她不来我们怎么办?(supposing为连词，意为“假若”)
Given their inexperience, they’ve done a good job. 考虑到他们没有经验，这工作已做得很不错了。(given为介词，意为“考虑到”)
(4)当分词暗含的逻辑主语为表示泛指意义的one或you时，也无需考虑主语的一致性问题：
In doing such work, patience is needed. 做这种工作需要耐心。(=When one does such work, patience is needed.)
4. 分词的独立主格结构
在通常情况下，分词作状语时它的逻辑主语应与句子主语一致，若不一致，则应改用其他句型，如：
误：Crossing the road, a car knocked him down.
正：Crossing the road, he was knocked down by a car. 过马路时他被车撞倒了。
正：When he was crossing the road, a car knocked him down. 他过马路时车子把他撞倒了。
解决状语分词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致的问题，也可在分词前加一个名词或代词，使之成为分词的逻辑主语。由于加在分词前的名词或代词要用主格形式，故称分词的独立主格结构：
The job finished, we went home. 工作结束后我们就回家了。
The weather being fine, we went swimming. 天气很好，我们就去游泳了。
He being absent, nothing couldn’t be done. 由于他缺席，什么事也干不成。
以上各句的the job, the weather, he 等不能省略。
练习
一、选择
1. Anyone ______ bags, boxes, or whatever, was stopped by the police.
A. seen carry
B. seen carrying
C. saw to carry
D. saw carrying
2. The plane crashed, _____ all 200 people aboard.
A. killed
B. having killed
C. killing
D. had killed
3. We solved the problem by reducing our costs and ______ more money.
A. borrowed
B. borrowing
C. would borrow
D. had borrowed
4.I asked the boss for a month’s holiday an d, _____ it or not, he agreed.
A. believe
B. to believe
C. believing
D. believed
5. The new manager started last week, ______ with him plenty of new ideas.
A. bringing
B. brought
C. to bring
D. to have brought
6. Any student ______ will be disqualified from the exam.
A. catching cheating
B. catching to cheat
C. caught cheating
D. caught to cheat
7. She read the letter through before sending it, ______ for spelling mistakes.
A. checked
B. to be checking
C. checking
D. having checked
8. Before you decide to leave your job, _____ consider the effect it will have on your family.
A. consider
B. considering
C. to consider
D. considered
9.If you’re going on a long car journey, ______ sure the vehicle’s in good condition.
A. making
B. to make
C. make
D. having made
10._______ the road round to the right and you’ll find his house.
A. Follow
B. Following
C. To be following
D. Having followed
11. He arrived at the office early, ______ a good example to the others.
A. set
B. to set
C. to be set
D. having set
12.He pushed his way through the crowd, ______ “Excuse me.”
A. to say
B. said
C. saying
D. having saying
13. The film star walked to his car, ______ a crowd of journalists.
A. followed by
B. following by
C. to follow
D. to be followed by
14.— Where is David?
—He is upstairs ______ ready to go out.
A. to get
B. getting
C. to be getting
D. having got
15. If you go there alone after dark you might be get ______.
A. attacked and robbed
B. attacking and robbing
B. to attack and rob D. to be attacked and robbed
16. She gets about quite a lot, ______ for an international company.
A. working
B. works
C. having worked
D. to be working
17. _____ him enough time to get home before you telephone.
A. Give
B. To give
C. Giving
D. Given
18.She didn’t want to _____ a secretary all her life, so she went back to college.
A. go on being
B. go on to be
C. go to be
D. go being
19. He was reading his book, completely ______ to the world.
A. lost
B. losing
C. to lose
D. to having lost
20.Don’t s it there ______ — come and help me!
A. watch
B. watching
C. to watch
D. to be watching
21. I found I could easily make myself _______ by using sign language.
A. understood
B. understand
C. to understand
D. being understood
22. Do not leave the building unless _______ to do so.
A. to instruct
B. instructed
C. being instructed
D. instructing
23.If you don’t succeed the first time, ______ again.
A. try
B. to try
C. trying
D. to be trying
24.He’d walked the streets all night ______ somewhere to stay.
A. looked
B. looked for
C. looking
D. looked for
25. Look at that little boy ______ about —perhaps he’s lost his mother.
A. wander
B. wandering
C. to be wandering
D. being wandering
二、用适当的非谓语动词形式填空
1. She caught the student _______ (cheat) in exams.
2. When I got there, I found him _________ (repair) farm tools.
3. When I got there, I found the farm tools _______. (repair)
4. Just then he heard someone _______ (call) for help.
5. He worked so hard that he got his pay ______. (raise)
6. The missing boys were last seen _______(play) near the river.
7. ___________(compare) with the old one, the new building looks more beautiful.
8. The workers had the machines _______(run) all night long to finish the work on time.
9. People in the south have their houses ______(make) of bamboo.
10. _______(lose) in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
三．听力
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1. A. Husband and wife. B. Guests and hostess.
C. Customer and waitress.
D. Boss and employee.
2. A. Watch the program on TV. B. Look for cats at the man.
C. Meet the man at the cat exhibition.
D. In an office.
3.A. Borrow the typewriter. B. Visit the woman.
C. Go home soon.
D. Read the woman’s paper.
4. A. The man. B. Both.
C. The woman.
D. Neither.
5. A. The books there are too expansive.
B. She won’t be able to get the book before the class.
C. The textbook she need isn’t in yet.
D. She hopes to get a good deal on some second-hand book.
6. A. Take the bus to the airport. B. Meet the Browns at the airport.
C. Make a phone call to the Browns.
D. Accompany the Browns to the airport.
7. A. The man will have a test
B. The man will probably go to the movie.
C. The man will have to sit for a exam.
D. The woman wishes she could go to the class with the man.
8. A. The result hasn’t come yet. B. The results were checked again last night
C. The woman needs another test tomorrow.
D. The doctor hasn’t come back from the lab.
9. A. Most neighbors are as noisy as the woman.
B. Talking to the neighbors politely might be the best way.
C. He’d like to know why the woman is angry.
D. The woman is too polite for her neighbors
10. A. He needs to but another umbrella. B. It will rain much later in the week.
C. It will probably rain tomorrow
D. The weather forecast almost never agree. Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question，read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. They used to be unable to listen to public debates.
B. They were more patient and sociable than people now.
C. They learned from political speeches.
D. They used to think in terms of a printed text.
12. A. It makes people get ideas from images, not from written words
B. It has made the public less interested in politics
C. The quality of television programming has declined
D. Political programs on TV are too complex
13. A. The environmental effects of consumerism
B. How consumer culture has made people unreasonable
C. How television has affected people’s thinking ability
D. Television’s damage to the environment
Questions 14 through 17 are based on the following passage.
14. A. Some children already know how to do it
B. Some children find it more enjoyable than they expected to
C. Some children refuse to take part
D. Some children prefer to swim or play the table-tennis
15. A. They seem grateful to their experience here
B. They complain if they cannot phone their parents
C. They miss meal times with their parents
D. The youngest ones find it hard to be away from home
16. A. They should visit their children instead of phoning them
B. They shouldn’t allow their children to bring phones to camps
C. They don’t need to keep phoning the camp
D. They need to be reminded to phone their children
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. Five years B. Three years C. Four years D. Six years
18. A. The person who has the strong will
B. The person who has attended the adult school
C. The person who can work at computers quickly after a two-day training
D. The person who can pass the test of arithmetic
19. A. The man’s education
B. A new chance for everyone to be promoted
C. The man’s pay raise
D. A career promotion for the man
20. A. The man is eager to attend the training
B. The person is not very interested in this chance for promotion
C. The man has been training for computer work since last year
D. The man is not confident in his chance to be promoted to the Grade 7
高考英语复习方法总结：单词讲解与分词讲 解 高考英语复习方法总结：单词讲解与分词讲解 高考英语复习方法总结：分词讲解 我们要讨论一下英语中一种非常重要的动词变化形式----三种非谓语动词的形式，即动词不定式(to do)、动名词(doing)和两种分词(现在分词doing和过去分词done)。今天我们着重讲一下分词。 分词，是动词的一种变化形式，只是这样变化完成之后，原先动词所具有的动作意义明显减弱了，更偏向于英语中形容词和副词的语法作用，因此在句中主要充当定语、状语和补足语。并且，使用分词可以起到简化定语从句和状语从句的作用，也就是分词可以起到定语和状语从句的语法作用，这一点我们会在下面的讲解中慢慢体会。 一、分词做定语 1、现在分词做定语 现在分词做定语主要有两种意义 (1)、表示主动、一般的动作 我们说过，分词是定语从句的简化，在分词表示这种意义时，若将分词改成定语从句，定语从句谓语动词要用一般现在时。此时，现在分词多数表示的是所修饰名词的一种持久性特点。 e.g a puzzling problem=a problem that puzzles everyone The exploring > (2)、表示主动地、正在进行的动作
此时现在分词所表示的是所修饰名词的一种短暂性特点，强调正在发生的动作 e.g falling leaves=leaves that are falling 2、过去分词作定语 过去分词作定语，也有两种意义 (1)、表示被动的、一般的或完成的动作 此时动词一般为及物动词，此时若将分词改成定语从句，定语从句谓语动词要用被动语态 e.g the exploited > The boiled water=the water that has been boiled(表示完成) (2)、主动地、完成的动作 由及物动词变来的过去分词才有被动意义，而由不及物动词变来的过去分词则不表示被动，只表示主动完成的语态。 e.g a retired general=a general that has retired. 总结：现在分词和过去分词作定语时的区别是： A.从语态角度来讲，现在分词表示主动意义。而过去分词通常表示被动意义(不及物动词的过去分词除外)。 B.从时态角度来讲，现在分词一般表示进行的动作，过去分词表示完成的动作。 二、分词做状语 分词做状语，其实就是相应的状语从句简化的结果，可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、伴随 1、表示时间，分词短语一般至于句首。
高考英语过去完成时及其解题技巧及练习题(含答案) 一、单项选择过去完成时 1．—He’s got our tickets. —That’s good I ________afraid that he ________them. A．am; has forgotten B．was; had forgotten C．was; forget D．am; will forget 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：考查时态：--他拿了我们的票。--太好了，我原来害怕他忘了。因为现在知道他没忘，所以是原来害怕他忘了，第一空用一般过去式was，主句用一般过去式，从句用相应的过去时，排除D，用过去完成时，选B。 考点：考查时态 2．The girl, when _____ why she _____ in the exam, just lowered her head and kept silent. A．questioned; was cheated B．being questioned; was cheating C．questioned; had cheated D．being questioned; has cheated 【答案】C 【解析】 考查非谓语动词。句意：当被问到为什么在考试中作弊中，小女孩子低头不语。When引导的是是时间状语从句，与girl 之间是被动关系，所以用done形式，作弊没有被动语态，故选C项。 3．Father ________ for London on business upon my arrival, so I didn’t see him. A．has left B．left C．had left D．was leaving 【答案】C 【解析】 分析句子，由于后半句用的是一般过去式，故根据意思可知前半句的事是发生在后半句之前，故用过去完成时，故选C。句意：父亲在我回来之前已经去出差了，所以我没有见到他。 4．When we _______the railway station, the train _______for 5 minutes．
高考英语语法必考知识点：分词专项练习 1、More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, ____ advantage of the health and relaxation benefits. A.taking B. taken C. having taken D. having been taken 2、I can't bear ____ by this kind of man. https://www.doczj.com/doc/3814597906.html,ughing B. laughing at C. being laughed D. being laughed at 3、It is reported that Premier Wen Jiabao visited the Red Square ____ by Russian President Putin. A.accompanying B. accompanied C. attended D. attending 4、As is known to all, Indonesia is an Asian country _____ a lot of islands. A. is consisted of B. consists of C. consisted of D.consisting of 5、The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the A. 20 dollars remained B. 20 dollars remain C. remained 20 dollars D. remaining 20 dollars 6、They really had a great time too, designing everything, drawing the blueprints, ____ the angles and so on. A.looking out B. taking out C. finding out D. figuring out 7、The judge declared that the criminal would be ____ the very day.
动词 1. A---A---A型（原形、过去式和过去分词同形）bet-----bet-----bet 打赌 broadcast-----broadcast-----broadcast 广播burst-----burst-----burst 爆发 cost----- cost----- cost 花费 cut----- cut----- cut 割，切 hit----- hit--- hit 打 hurt-----hurt-----hurt 伤 let----- let----- let 让 put----- put----- put 放下 read----- read----- read 读 shut----shut----shut 关上，停业 set----set----set 点燃，凝固 spread-----spread-----spread 传播 upset----upset-----upset 心烦，扰乱 2.A---A---B型（现在式和过去式同形）
beat----- beat----- beaten 打 3.A---B---A型（现在式和过去分词同形） come----- came----- come 来 become----- became----- become 变 run----- ran----- run 跑 4. A---B---B型 （1）在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d或t或直接加-ed构成过去式或过去分词。 burn----- burnt----- burnt 燃烧 deal-----dealt-----dealt 处理 dream-----dreamed-----dreamed 梦想 hang-----hanged-----hanged 悬挂 hear-----heard-----heard 听见 learn----- learned/learnt----- learned/learnt 学习 light-----lighted-----lighted 照亮 mean----- meant----- meant 意思 shine-----shined-----shined 擦亮，照耀 smell-----smelled-----smelled 嗅，闻
教学过程 一、课堂导入 时态在高考中，单选会考1至2题，完形填空里面对副词的考查也是比较多的，所以也是需要好好掌握的语法点。 二、复习预习
复习上一单元的知识点之后，以达到复习的效果。然后给学生一些相关的单选或其他类型题目，再老师没有讲解的情况下，让学生独立思考，给出答案与解释，促进学生发现问题，同时老师也能发现学生的盲点，并能有针对性地进行后面的讲课。 三、知识讲解 知识点1：现在完成时：构成：主语+ have/has + 动词的过去分词
用法： 1）过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果，句中常有already, just, never, ever, lately, recently, , in the past+一段时间，so far等状语 2）、从过去开始，持续到现在的动作或状态 3）、用在时间、条件从句中，表示从句动作先于主句动作之前完成 4）、“最高级+名词”或“It is the + 序数词+ time”后的定语从句中。 5）、应用现在完成时应注意： 瞬间动词用于完成时表示一个动作的结束，不能和“for…”或“since…”连用，但它们的否定形式可以连用。如： We have not heard from him for ten days.我们已经十天没他的消息了。 另外，如果把瞬间动词转变成相应的持续动词，就可和“for…”或“since…”连用。
知识点2：现在完成进行时：构成：主语+ have/has + been +动词的现在分词 用法： 表示动作从过去一个时间开始，一直延续到现在，强调在此阶段时间里，动作一直在进行。 ⑴、过去开始而且现在仍在进行的动作
【英语】高三英语翻译专题训练答案及解析 一、高中英语翻译 1．高中英语翻译题：Translate tbe following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 1．我们打篮球的时间到了。 (time) 2．他设法把游客及时送到了机场。 (manage) 3．你今晚能来参加我的生日聚会? (possible) 4．应该鼓励年轻人按照自己的特长选择职业。(encourage) 5．我对学生所谈的电子产品一无所知，我发现自己落伍了。(ignorant) 6．尽管遭受如重的自然灾害，但只要不灰心，我们终会克服暂时的困难。(Although...) 【答案】 1．It’s time for us to play basketball. 2．He managed to send the tourists to the airport in time. 3．Is it possible for you to attend my birthday party this evening? 4．Young people should be encouraged to choose their careers according to their own strong points. 5．Being ignorant of the electronic products the students are talking about, I find myself left behind. 6．Although we are suffering such a severe natural disaster, we will eventually overcome the temporary difficult as long as we don’t lose heart. 【解析】 1．考查time的用法。分析句子可知，本句为一般现在时，it is time for sb to do sth “该到某人做某事了”。为固定句型。再根据其它提示。故翻译为：It’s time for us to play basketball。2．考查manage的用法和一般过去时。分析句子可知，本句为一般过去时，manage to do sth“设法做某事”为固定短语。in time“ 及时”为介词短语，在句中作状语。再根据其它提示。故翻译为：He managed to send the tourists to the airport in time。 3．考查possible的用法和一般现在时。分析句子可知，本句为一般现在时，it is possible for sb to do sth “ 某人做某事是可能的”，it作为形式主语完成整个句子，不定式作为真正主语。再根据其它汉语提示。故翻译为：Is it possible for you to attend my birthday party this evening? 4．考查encourage的用法。encourage sb. to do sth.的被动语态形式就是sb. be encouraged to do sth.另外，此题还考查短语according to（按照）和strong points(长处，特长)。再根据其它提示。故翻译为：Young people should be encouraged to choose their careers according to their own strong points。 5．考查形容词短语作状语、定语从句以及find的用法。分析句子可知，本句为一般现在时，主语为I ，谓语为find， find oneself done表示“发现自己被…”,left behind是“被落在后面了”作宾语补足语。Being ignorant of the electronic products the students are talking about 为形容词短语作原因状语从句。products 为先行词，在后面的定语从句中，作talk about的
高考英语一般现在时用法总结(完整)题库 一、单项选择一般现在时 1．Usually Beijing Roast Duck _____ together with special pancakes, green onions and sweet sauce. A．was served B．will serve C．is served D．served 【答案】C 【解析】考查时态和被动语态。句意：通常北京烤鸭配上特制的薄煎饼、青葱和甜酱。句子说的是一般情况，要用一般现在时态；句子主语Beijing Roast Duck是单数第三人称，和谓语动词serve之间是被动关系，所以推知句子要用一般现在时态的被动语态，故答案为C。 2． Temperatures________ quite dramatically at night in mountains, so put on some warm clothes before going out. A．are dropped B．drop C．are being dropped D．have dropped 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：句意：山里的气温晚上下降得厉害，所以出门前穿上一些暖和的衣服。山里的气温到晚上骤降是自然状况，应该用一般现在时的主动语态。故选B。 考点：考查谓语动词的时态和语态。 3．You’d better write down her address before you ________ it. A．forget B．are forgetting C．forgot D．will forget 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析：考查动词的时态。句意：趁你还没有忘记，最好把电话号码记下来。在时间状语从句、条件状语从句和让步状语从句中，用一般现在时代替将来时，故选A项 考点 : 考查动词的时态 4．All of you ______ at the school gate! We’ll soon start. A．will gather B．gather C．will be gathering D．are gathering 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：考查祈使句。本文属祈使句。带有命令的口气，相当于“All of you , please gather at the school gate!”所以选B。所有人到学校门口集合，我们马上要出发了。 考点：考查祈使句
【英语】高考必备英语过去完成时技巧全解及练习题(含答案) 一、单项选择过去完成时 1．---I will never forget when we met the famous writer ---Neither will I. He______ some goods and was at the checkout of a supermarket. A．had selected B．has selected C．was selecting D．selected 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析：考查时态。本题描述的是过去发生的事情，另挑选好物品是发生在在收银台等待这个行为之前，应用过去完成时表示过去的过去，句意：我永远忘不了我们遇见那位著名的作家。我也是。他那时是挑好物品之后在超市的收银台。故选A 考点：考查时态 2． Chinese scientists ______ on Tuesday that they ______ a low-cost welding robot, which can help improve welding efficiency for small factories. A．announces; had invented B．announced; have invented C．announced; had invented D．announces; have invented 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：考查时态。第一空根据时间状语on Tuesday可知用一般过去时；第二空动词invent所发生的动作在announce之前，故用过去完成时。句意：中国科学家在周二宣布，他们已经发明了低成本的焊接机器人，可以帮助提高小工厂焊接效率。故C正确。考点：考查时态 3．Fat her ________ for London on business upon my arrival, so I didn’t see him. A．has left B．left C．had left D．was leaving 【答案】C 【解析】 分析句子，由于后半句用的是一般过去式，故根据意思可知前半句的事是发生在后半句之前，故用过去完成时，故选C。句意：父亲在我回来之前已经去出差了，所以我没有见到他。 4．Catherine came home happily, which suggested that she the final exam. A．had passed B．pass C．would pass D．should pass 【答案】A 【解析】 这题考查时态的用法：suggest做“暗示”讲，所以不用虚拟语气，因为通过考试是在回来前发生，所以用过去完成时。句意是：凯萨琳高兴地回来，说明她通过了考试。选A。
现在分词 语法图解 探究发现 ①What did I learn about Chinese customs from my exciting exchange to China? ②What he did was amazing. ③Last time，when I visited China，we saw the tour guide wearing a very pretty fur coat on the day we left. ④Walking in the park，she met an old friend. ⑤Not knowing the phone number，we cannot get in touch with her. [我的发现] 以上五个句子中都含有一个现在分词，并且现在分词的作用各不相同：句①exciting作定语，句②amazing 作表语，句③wearing ...作宾语补足语，句④walking ...作时间状语，句⑤not knowing ...作原因状语。 现在分词由动词加-ing形式构成，是分词的一种，在句子里面不能单独充当谓语，但能充当其他的一些成分，如定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。 一、现在分词的形式 现在分词的时态和语态形式如下： 语态形式 主动形式被动形式 时态形式 一般式doing being done 完成时having done having been done 1 We walked along the river bank，talking and laughing. 我们沿河岸有说有笑地走着。 2．现在分词的完成式表示发生在谓语动作之前的动作。 Having been ill for two weeks，she felt rather weak. 由于病了两周，她感到身体十分虚弱。 3．现在分词的被动形式：现在分词的逻辑主语表示动作的承受者时用被动语态。 (1)现在分词一般式的被动式表示正在进行的被动动作。 This is one of the many dams being built along the river. 这是沿河修筑的许多水坝之一。 (2)现在分词完成式的被动式表示在谓语动作之前发生的被动动作。
高考英语语法专题讲解（冠词） 冠词的用法在英语学习中较为复杂，千头万绪，尤其是惯用法，请同学们平时学习时注意积累。以下不过是谈谈冠词的一些常规的用法。 一、不定冠词的用法： 1、泛指人或事物的类别，相当于any, 如: A hammer is tool. A steel worker makes steel. 2、泛指某人或某物。 A boy is waiting for you. There is a book on your desk. 3、表one或every。 We work 8 hours a day.I go home twice a month. 4、表示the same 的意思。 Birds of a (= the same) feather flock together; people of a kind come together. 5、用在不可数名词前 a)（用在物质名词前）一种，一份 A large coffee for me.It was a wonderful tea. b)（用在某些表示风、雨等的名词前） It was clear daylight now and a fine rain was falling.There is a cold wind this morning. c)（用在抽象名词前）一种 That is a great disappointment.It’s a pleasure to work with you. 6、（用在某些专有名词前）某个叫…的人，一张…的画，一个象…的人等。 I saw a Mrs. Smith on the 12th at 2:00.He had a Van Gogh in the dining-room. What a strange London they saw!He’s a living Lei Feng. 7、用于某些固定词组中。 a few, a little, a good many, a lot of, all of a sudden, as a rule, have a cold等。 8、在元音音素开头的名词前应用an, 如an apple, an English book。要以发音为准，并非以元音字母而定。如a university, an hour, an “h”, an X-ray examination. 二、定冠词的用法。 1、表特定的或上文提到的人或物。 The boy likes the film.Shut the door, please. The old poor peasant has a son. The son is a model worker. 2、表示世界上独一无二的东西。 the earth, the moon, the stars, the sun（但space前不用）
高考英语语法总结 一．非谓语动词 一．不定式： 一）不定式的常考形式： 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. 语法功能：表示与谓语动词同步发生 2) 完成形式：He pretended not to have seen me. 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 二）不定式常考的考点： 1）不定式做定语----将要发生 2）不定式做状语----目的 3）不定式充当名词功能---To see is to believe. 三)不定式的省略 1)感官动词see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； + doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调"我看见了"这个事实) I saw him working in the garden yesterday. 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作） " 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. 2) 使役动词have bid make let 等词后不定式要省略但同1)一样被动以后 要还原to I 'd like to have John do it. I have my package weighed. Paul doesn't have to be made to learn. 3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do 四)有些动词后只跟不定式如： want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan，offer，decide，agree，expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do We agreed _______ here，but so far she hasn't turned up yet．（NMET 1995） A．having met B．meeting C．to meet D．to have met （Key：C） 五) 有的时候to后面要接-ing形式
Ⅷ-ing Participle Unit 1 Exercise 1: Multiple Choice 1. She stood by the window, _______. A. thinking B. think C. thought D. thinks 2. _______ to meet anybody, he went in from the back door. A. Not wishing B. Wishing C. Not wished D. No wishing 3. It _______ now pretty late, we took our things and retired to our room A. is B. being C. turned D. got 4. The old man came upstairs with great strength, his right hand _______ a stick for support. A. held B. holding C. being holding D. was holding 5. _______ three times in a row, the boxer decides to give up fighting. A. having defeated B. To have defeated C. having been defeated D. To have been defeated 6. _______ on a clear day, far from the city crowds, the mountains give him a sense of infinite peace. A. If walking B. While walking C. Walking D. When one is walking 7. I understood you were third-year students _______ in English. A. who major B. who major is C. have majored D. majoring 8. Their room was on the third floor, its window_______ the sports ground. A. overlooks B. overlooking C. overlooked D. to overlook 9. A new technique ______ out, the yield increases by 20%. A. having working B. having been worked C. has worked D. had been worked 10. _______, there was nothing for it but to swim across. A. The bridge having been destroyed B. The bride was destroyed C. The bridge to be destroyed D. The bridge had been destroyed 11. _______ the entrance exam, he was offered an opportunity to study international finance and economics at this university. A. Having passed B. Passed C. Passing D. Being passing 12. _______ another generation from that of their parents, young people have different tastes, ideas and beliefs. A. Belonging to B. Belonged to C. They belong to D. They belonging to 13. He went hunting with specially trained dogs, followed by men and women _______ horses. A. riding B. ridden C. rode D. to ride 14. I remember that you're the man ______ the world news on television. A. reporting B. having reported C. reported D. to report 15. _____ the temperature falling so rapidly, we couldn’t go on with the experiment. A. Since B. For C. As D. With 16. Her husband having died, she has to take on such heavy _____ housework as carrying water. A. time-consumed B. timely-consumed C. time-consuming D. timely-consuming 17. The final results _____ yesterday, the public felt very angry. A. reveal B. have revealed C. be revealed D. having been revealed 18. There seemed little hope that the explorer, _____ in the tropical forest, would find his way through it. A. to be deserted B. having deserted C. to have been deserted D. having been deserted 19. Power stations employ _________ water to produce electricity.
最新高考英语过去完成时练习题及答案 一、单项选择过去完成时 1．I suddenly realized that I was kept so busy that I ______ little time with my family before. A．have spent B．had spent C．would spend D．was spending 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：考查动词时态。句意：我突然意识到我是如此的忙，结果我花费了很少的时间和家人在一起。意识到以前已经发生的事情，此处指过去的过去，故选B。 考点：考查动词时态。 2．We to finish the work before dark, but the heavy rain held us up. A．meant B．was meaning C．had meant D．would mean 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析: 句意：我们本打算在天黑前完成这项工作，但是大雨耽误了我们。Mean to have done 和 had meant to do 表示“本打算做但是没做成”，类似用法的词还有plan，intend等，选C 考点：考查动词时态 3．As soon as I got to the airport, I realized I ________ my ID card at home. A．had left B．has left C．would leave D．will leave 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析：考查时态。句意：一到机场，我就意识到我将身份证忘在家里了。根据语境可知，leave my ID card at home是发生在realized之前，用过去完成时。故选A。 【知识归纳】 过去完成时态表示过去的过去。When I got there, the train had left.当我到达那里的时候，火车已经离开。 考点：考查时态 4．Sally was excited to meet Susan at the party last night．They _____ each other since they graduated from Oxford University in 2010． A．haven’t seen B．hadn’t seen C．didn’t see D．don’t see 【答案】B
现在分词和过去分词的用法异同历来是学习中的难点和高考测试的重点。众所周知，两种分词的区别很多，但它们之间的根本区别是：过去分词在时态上强调动作已经完成，在语态上侧重于被动；而现在分词在时态上强调动作正在进行，在语态上侧重于主动。这种根本的区别具体体现在两种分词分别充当的各种句子 成份中。细述如下： 分词有两种：现在分词 doing和过去分词 done。 分词动词具有动词的特征： 可以带宾语和状语构成短语。如：waiting there（动状关系）。 本专题必须掌握： ①动词分词的基本形式――时态和语态的变化，比如一般式、完成式、被动式等。 ②它们在句中的功能――充当什么成分，特别是在某些特定结构中应用哪一种动词分词。 动词分词的时态与语态 分词的时态与语态形式 (l)现在分词有一般式与完成式，及物动词的现在分词有主动语态与被动语态，不及物动词的现在分词 没有被动语态。过去分词只有一种形式。 物动词的过去分词只表示动作完成或状态，没有被动的意思。 The man standing there is our group leader. 正站在那边的人是我们的组长．(主动，进行) This is the house built by my father last year. (被动，完成) 区别boiling water 正在开的水 boiled water 开水（开过了）注：boil vi 沸腾 试译：China is a developing country while the United States is a developed country. falling leaves和fallen leaves, the rising sun和the risen sun. (3)现在分词的一般式常表示与谓语动词的动作同时发生，有时也可以先于或后于谓语 动词的动作。 The man talking with our teacher is his father. (与谓语动作同时发生) Sitting in an armchair, he told me he would go abroad. (在谓语动作之前发生) 坐在扶手椅上他对我说他将出国。 He told me he would stand by the roadside, watching the parade. 他告诉我他将站在路边，观看游行．（与被修饰的从句谓语动词would stand同时发生， 都表示过去将来时间） The man rose from the ground, beating the dust off his clothes. 那个男子从地上站了起来，拍掉衣服上的尘土。（分词动作后于谓语动作） (4)现在分词的完成式表示动作先于谓语的动作发生，常用作时间状语和原因状语。 Having finished my homework, I went to bed. 我做完作业以后，就上床睡觉了。
高考英语动词的过去式和过去分词不规则 变化表
动词的过去式和过去分词不规则变化表1.AAA式： hurt[h:t] hurt[h:t] hurt[h:t] t] t] put[p put[p read[ri:d] read[red] read[red] 2.AAB式： 3.ABA式： 4.ABB式： （1）在动词原形后加一个辅音字母d,t或ed构成过去式或过去分词。 :n] burnt[b:nt]/burned[b:nd burnt[b:nt]/burned[b:nd] :d] :d] :n] :nt] :nt]
n]/shined n]/shined smell[smel] smelled/smelt[smelt] （2）把动词原形的最后一个辅音字母“d”改为“t”构成过去式或过去分词。 （3）原形→ought→ought (4)原形→aught→aught （5）变其中一个元音字母 found[fa found[fa t] got/gotten['tn] ?held[held] lead[li:d]
t] t] spit/spat[sp?t] spit/spat[sp?t] （6）原形→lt/pt/ft (7)其他 stood[st understood[,'st understood[,'st st,l lost[l st,l had[h?d,h had[h?d,h ? ?ld] ld] 5.ABC式：（1）原形→过去式→原形+(e)n ? drive[dra I v] I vn] drew[dru:] ?'ɡ?'ɡ
mistaken[m 'st threw[θru:] d] dn] :] I t] （2）原形→过去式→过去式+(e)n z] ??zn] t] got/gotten['ɡtn] hid[h I d] dn] t] tn] l] l? (3)变单词在重读音节中的元音字母“i”分别为“a”（过去式）和“u”（过去分词）。 （4）其他