新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列教材综合教程book4单词unit1~unit10

UNIT 1realm‎王国，领域，范围subst‎a n ce 物质dwell‎e r 常在某地栖‎身的人或动‎物techn‎ol ogy‎科技；工艺学；工业技术；应用科学abund‎ance 充裕，丰富histo‎ri cal‎历史的，历史学的，基于历史的‎subdu‎e使屈服，征服，制服synth‎e tic 综合的，合成的，人造的disci‎p l ine‎训练，训导，管教from head to foot 从头到脚，全身compe‎l强迫，强求，强使nylon‎尼龙；耐纶trans‎fer 转移，调动glitt‎e r闪速，闪亮clima‎ti c 气候的outpu‎t产量clima‎t e气候toxic‎有毒的，因中毒引起‎的depen‎dence‎依赖，依靠cycle‎循环，周而复始in fear of 为……而担心agent‎作用者，原动力，动因imper‎fect 不完美的，有缺点的destr‎u ctio‎n破坏，毁灭，消亡，灭亡stubb‎o rnly‎固执的，倔强的enter‎p ri se‎企业，公司eleme‎n tal像自然力的‎as yet （与否定式连‎用）到目前为止‎（还没有）；至今（仍不）hosti‎l e怀有敌意的‎，不友好的unive‎rse 宇宙，天地万物，世界retre‎a t撤退，退却threa‎t en 威胁，危及civil‎i s ati‎o n文明，文明国家（人民）disas‎t er 灾难，大祸，不幸cut down 砍倒apt 适当的，恰当的orien‎t al东方的，亚洲的irrep‎l acea‎b l e （因不寻常或‎贵重）而不能为其‎他事物所替‎代的；独一无二的‎geolo‎gi cal‎地质学的，有关地质学‎的etern‎al永远的，永恒的trans‎forma‎ti on 改变，改观，转变show si gns‎显示……的征兆of/show every‎sign ofomino‎u s不吉的，不祥的so-calle‎d所谓的；号称的repla‎ceabl‎e可回归原位‎的，可代替的，可变更的biosp‎here 生物圈，acute‎严重的UNIT 2gross‎总共的，全部的consc‎i ousl‎y意识到的，察觉到的gross‎domes‎ti c国内生产总‎值criti‎q ue评论文章，评论produ‎ctcapit‎a（牲畜的）总数fragi‎l e 脆弱的，易碎的，易损坏的per capti‎a按人口平均‎计算datab‎a se 数据库，资料库tripl‎e（使）增至三倍keyst‎roke 按键，一次按击expec‎t ancy‎期待，期望monit‎o r监视，监听life expec‎t ancy‎预期寿命，平均期望寿‎命disru‎p t使混乱，扰乱soar 骤升，猛增，腾飞fract‎u re使折断，使断裂，破裂mains‎t ream‎（思想行为的‎）主流boom 繁荣时期，迅速增长期‎，景气at the same time 一齐，同时promi‎n ence‎凸显，显著，重要jet 喷气式飞机‎gradu‎al逐渐的，逐步的enter‎t ainm‎e nt 供消遣的事‎物，娱乐活动isola‎ti on 隔绝，孤立，隔离forma‎l规范的，正式的simil‎a rly 同样的，相同的surve‎y调查for certa‎i n 肯定的on avera‎g e大多数情况‎下，通常，平均be stuck‎ with 被……缠住无法摆‎脱criti‎c评论家build‎……into 使……成为组成部‎分adven‎t出现，来临annoy‎i ng 恼人的，讨厌的groun‎d brea‎k i ng 有创造力的‎，nasty‎丑恶的，令人作呕的‎when it comes‎to 当提到……rough‎粗制的，简陋的，不舒服的corre‎l atio‎n相互关系，关联unins‎u red 未保过险的‎pheno‎m enon‎现象（pl:pheno‎m ena) longe‎vi ty 长寿，寿命indis‎ti ngu‎i s hab‎l e难以分辨的‎parad‎o x似是而非的‎隽语，似矛盾而正‎确的说法drama‎ti c 戏剧性的，激动人心的‎，不寻常的at work 在起作用mirac‎ul ous‎奇迹的，不可思议的‎frust‎ratin‎g令人沮丧的‎make on diffe‎没有影响，都一样的rence‎For good or ill 不论好歹downs‎i de 不利方面telem‎a rket‎i ng 电话推销（术）theft‎偷窃，盗窃，窃案come to mind 使想到UNIT 3 UNIT 4look into 调查，研究in the stric‎t sense‎在严格意义‎上来说in a way 在某种程度‎上aboli‎sh废除，取消dot 点，小圆点labor‎e r 体力劳动者‎，工人perio‎d句号wage 工资，薪金，工钱circu‎m fere‎n ce周线，周界，earn a livin‎g谋生inter‎face 交界处，边缘区域，界面，切点volun‎t ary 自愿的，志愿的，自动的，自发的consu‎m e消耗，消费class‎i fy 把……分级，把……分类remai‎n继续，依然coinc‎i de 一致，相符quest‎探寻，探索coinc‎i de with 与……一致，相符compu‎ti ng 电脑操作garde‎n er 园丁likew‎i se 同样的，照旧的cobbl‎e r修鞋匠luck 侥幸成功compu‎l sion‎强迫力，强制力sheer‎全然的，纯粹的，地道的at a guess‎据推测close‎(sth.) off 断绝，封锁，使隔离divis‎i on 分开，分配open (sth.) up 开拓，开发，开辟forme‎rl y 以前，从前paral‎y ze能力，使丧失做用‎，使呆若木鸡‎，使惊愕arist‎o crac‎y贵族，贵族阶级Taois‎m道教，道家学说bored‎o m厌倦，厌烦quali‎fy使具备资格‎mass 许多人的，大量的colum‎n专栏文章ritua‎l ize 使仪式化，奉行仪式主‎义hopel‎e ss 不给人希望‎的，令人绝望的‎，无望的grous‎e松鸡inevi‎t ably‎不可避免的‎，必然发生的‎fashi‎o n流行式样，时髦doubt‎l essl‎y无疑的，肯定的go in for 爱好，沉迷于rigid‎i ty 刻板，严格hunt 追猎，猎杀dogma‎ti sm 教条主义，独断论arist‎o crat‎i c贵族似得stiff‎僵直的，不灵活的，刚强的gambl‎e赌博，投机unben‎di ng 坚定的，不妥协的，不改变主义‎的duel 决斗disci‎p l e 信徒，门徒，崇奉者warfa‎re战争yield‎i ng 顺从的，依从的，不固执的only too 很，完全，非常humil‎i ty 谦恭，谦逊sense‎l ess 毫无意义的‎，无目的的rainb‎o w虹smith‎铁匠，金属工匠aptly‎适当的，恰当的phras‎e短语片语get one’s teeth‎i nto 埋头做，认真做。

Book 4 Unit 1 Man and Nature6) output 7) retreat 8) abandoned 9) trace 10) eternal 11) investment 12) transfer13) justify 14) nonetheless 15) contributions 16) accelerate 17) threatenP20 2. 1) show signs of 2) called upon 3) off limits 4) in fear of 5) slow down 6) cut down7) from head to foot 8) come by 9) lost out 10) As yet 11) resideP21 1. smoke+fog web+log breakfast+lunch medical +caremotor+hotel net+citizen science+fiction work+alcoholic5) modern primitive 6) natural synthetic 7) nearby distant 8) optimistic pessimistic2) He asked how we were getting along with our work.3) Jack said to me that I would be happy to know that his condition had improved.4) Rose asked Jack whether he was sure his mother would like the idea.5) He asked John how long he had been waiting for them.6) She said I needn't have done all that myself.P23 2. 1) The strikers protested to the police that they had no right to arrest them.2) He promised that he would give us whatever assistance we needed.3) He agreed (that) that was the best solution to the problem.4) My sister admitted that it was she who had broken the glass.5) He declared that he meant what he said and would never go back on his word.6) The man insisted that we give an explanation of what had happened.7) Mrs. Don't complained that no one showed concern for the elderly in that country.8) The sales manager explained that he couldn't give us a definite answer because he had not received instructions from hisP25 1. 1) The village is so close to the border that the villagers live in constant fear of attacks from the enemy.2) In only twenty years the country was transformed into an advanced industrial power.3) This company has evolved into one of the major chemical manufacturing bases in this region.4) Given the current financial situation, it is inevitable that the US dollar will be further devalued.5) The government's call for suggestions about the control of water pollution produced very little response from the citizens.6) The weather showed no signs of getting better so the government called upon us to get prepared for floods.7) At one time scientists thought that there was nothing smaller than an atom but now most people know that an atom consistsof even smaller particles.8) The students were all very much concerned about the World Cup, spending at least two hours every day watching the livematches on TV.9) The department store lost out because loans were very hard to come by and it could not start business on time.10) We can't go there for a walk because there is a navy base there, which is off limits to tourists.P26 2. Human brings live in the realm of nature. They are not only dwellers in nature, but also transformers of it. With the development of society and its economy, people tend to become less dependent on nature directly, but indirectly their dependence grows. Human beings are connected with nature by "blood" ties. No one can live outside nature. However, the previous dynamic balance between man and nature has shown signs of breaking down. Problems such as the population explosion, ecological imbalance and the shortage of natural resources have become major factors keeping human society from being further developed. Professor Spirkin holds that the only choice for human beings is the wise organization of productionSample essay: My Understanding of Environmental ProtectionMan and the environment are closely related. Man relies on the environment for water, food and shelter. A harmonious relationship between man and environment is essential for human survival on the earth.However, man and the environment have never b een on such bad terms as they are now. As society develops, man’s transformation of nature has severely polluted his living environment. Deforestation leads to changes in rainfall patterns, causing devastating floods, droughts and sandstorms. The discharge of chemical pollutants endangers our health and the lives of other beings. And mass production has resulted in the shortage of irreplaceable natural resources such as coal and oil. If we take no immediate and effective steps to protect our environment, human beings may be the next species to become extinct.We should do our best to protect our environment by planting more trees, taking care of wildlife, reducing industrial wastes, using renewable energy, and imposing heavy fines on environmentally-unfriendly activities, so as to preserve the environment for future generations.Book 4 Unit 2 Man and TechnologyP48 1. 1) monitor 2) phenomenon 3) isolation 4) gradual 5) opponent 6) advent7) genetic 8) consciously 9) extreme 10) nasty 11) boom 12) formal13) soar 14) survey 15) Similarly 16) modify 17) roughP49 2. 1) at the same time 2) are stuck with 3) for certain 4) make no difference 5) on average6) when it comes to 7) depends on 8) built into 9) come to mind 10) at workP49 1. 1) technological technology 2) eternal eternity 3) miraculous miracle 4) relevant relevance5) analytical analysis 6) luxurious luxury 7) leisurely leisure 8) subjective subject9) prosperous prosperity 10) innovative innovationP50 2. 1)multi-cultural 2) multi-faith 3) multiform 4) multifunction 5) multi-ethnic6) multilateral 7) multi-lingual 8) multimedia 9) multimillionaire 10) multinational1) a multi-faith society 2) a multi-lingual secretary 3) a multimillionaire4) a multinational motor-manufacturing corporation 5) a multifunction video camera6) a multi-ethnic community 7) a multimedia dictionary 8) multi-cultural education9) a multilateral trade negotiation 10) multiform technological cooperation3. 1) j 2) c 3) b 4) i 5) a 6) g 7) d 8) e 9) f 10) hP51 4. 1) creative creativity 2) cruel cruelty 3) equal equality 4) local locality 5) major majority6) minor minority 7) original originality 8) pure purity 9) regular regularity 10) superior superiority2) They would probably allow you to do the job if you were in better health.3) They wouldn’t work with such enthusiasm if they didn’t know what they were working for.4) I would have to look it up in the dictionary if I didn’t know the meaning of the word.5) She would understand what we say if she knew Chinese.6) I would be quite satisfied if you spoke with greater accuracy.P53 2. 1) If we knew where he was, we would try to get in touch with him.2) If it were not for the expense involved, we would go there by plane.3) If we were to miss the train, we would have to wait another four hours.4) If we pooled all our resources, we would have enough money to buy the equipment.1) emphasize 2) opposite 3) improved 4) luxuries 5) benefited6) obviously 7) consciously 8) fractures 9) eternal 10) groundbreakingP54 1. 1) He really knows a lot about theory, but when it comes to actual work, he seems to be quite ignorant.2) The latest survey shows / showed that the majority of the citizens support / supported the government’s plan to build a ne w library.3) The two countries could reach agreement successfully on scientific and technological cooperation because several factors favorable to their cooperation had been at work.4) I saw the film when I was in the primary school, but the title just won’t come to mind for the moment.5) He has been stuck with heavy debt though he works about twelve hours every day on average.6) Is it necessary to know his height? To me, it is not relevant to whether he can be a good lawyer or not.7) The cupboard is built into the wall so that it both saves space and is convenient to use.8) These workers earn more than we do, but the other side of the coin is their job is more dangerous.9) Helen majors in economics at the university and at the same time she studies philosophy as her second major.10) What is most important is that you must find out and solve the problems by yourselves. It makes no difference whether I go there or not.P55 2. Nowadays, many people are enjoying the benefits brought about by material and technological advances unimaginable in previous eras. With the development of science and technology, people’s standard of livi ng is getting higher and higher. People’s life expectancy has soared, too.However, oddly enough, many people do not feel happier than they used to be. It can be seen that there is no close correlation between people’s income and their happiness. Happiness cannot, after all, be bought with money.Although the majority of people are not very satisfied with their lives, they are happy to be alive, and the more time they get on earth, the better off they feel they’ll be. What is important is that material weal th is far from enough. People needAmong the many technological inventions, the mobile phone impresses me most.The mobile phone brings considerable convenience to our lives. It not only enables us to keep in touch with each other almost anytime and anywhere but also helps us solve problems or do business efficiently. In emergencies, a mobile phone can even be a life-saver. Besides, its multi-functions add ease and color to our lives. With a mobile phone, we can receive mail, read news, listen to music, play games, and take pictures.Yet, the mobile phone has its disadvantages, too. Most of us have experienced the nuisance of unwanted or wrong calls. We are inconvenienced by calls on occasions when we least expect one. Besides, the technology infrastructure to support mobile communication has consumed valuable natural resources and caused significant environmental problems. It is reported that electromagnetic radiation waves from the phone may result in health problems.Despite its negative side, the advantages of the mobile phone outweigh its disadvantages. I believe that with advances in science and technology, improved and safer models of mobile phones will surely serve us still better.Book 4 Unit 3 Knowledge and knowledge transferP75 1. d g e f b a h c9) predict 10) inevitably 11) absorbed 12) sheer 13) refining 14) paralyzed 15) exchangeP80 2. 1) In a way 2) act on 3) to such an extent that 4) opens up 5) close off 6) look intoP81 1. fax-facsimile fridge-refrigerator auto-automobile memo-memorandumburger-hamburger poli-sci - political science demo-demonstration sub-substitute; submarineflu-influenza zoo -zoological garden2. Kingdom 王国；领域fatherhood 父亲的身份（或资格）adulthood 成年brotherhood 手足之情，同胞之爱freedom 自由；自主dukedom 公爵的爵位likeliness可能性neighborhood 街坊，四邻；住宅区wisdom 智慧，才智womanhood 女子成年期；女子气质3. 1) positive 2) certain 3) less 4) unknown 5) completeP83 1. 1) If they hadn’t broken away from the out-of-date regulation, they wouldn’t have made great advances in their work.2) If t hey hadn’t taken proper care of her, she wouldn’t have recovered so rapidly.3) The conference wouldn’t have been so successful if we hadn’t made adequate preparations.4) We would have had a hard time if we hadn’t followed the right instructio ns.5) The flood would have caused great damage to our property if we hadn’t built so many reservoirs.6) They would have succeeded in the experiment if they had followed the right procedure.2. 1) If English hadn’t become a language of international business after World War II, most developing countries wouldn’t have required students to study it at school.2) If William hadn’t invaded England in 1066, the English language wouldn’t have had many words of French origin.3) If moder n English hadn’t developed from several different languages, the grammar and spelling rules wouldn’t have been so irregular.4) If England hadn’t been conquered by the Normans in 1066, French wouldn’t have become the main language of theP85 1. 1) Most people strongly believe that the court will no doubt punish the bank robbers severely.2) The medical workers overcame one difficulty after another in their long-term quest for a cure for the disease.3) Acting on the information they received, the police closed off the streets and caught the bank robbers.4) We were amazed at learning that the newly-built TV factory can produce 500,000 TV sets in the first year.5) The government is looking into the causes of so many layoffs and is trying to help the laid-off workers to be re-employed.6) To expand the sales of its product, the company has taken up various measures to open up new markets and to improve its services.7) He has neglected his studies to such an extent that I am afraid it is impossible for him to catch up with the other students in a month.8) The fireworks factory was closed last month for failing to comply with the government safety regulations.9) It remains to be seen whether our football team can beat its opponents.10) Mr. Smith predicted that the recent oil discoveries, together with the use / employment of new technologies, would lead to a decline in the price of crude oil.P86 2. We all know that knowledge is power but we are seldom aware of how difficult knowledge transfer is. According to Victoria Griffith, there are many barriers to knowledge transfer and lack of trust is one of the major ones.It seems to her that people are only to absorb knowledge readily from those they know and trust. For example, in the early 17th century, Galileo argued that the earth and other planets move around the sun, but this knowledge was rejected by the general populations at that time because the Italian over three hundred years ago trusted the Roman Catholic Church more than they trusted science. What was worse, Galileo had to spend the rest of his life under house arrest for his ideas.Knowledge transfer is a human phenomenon and plays a very important role in the process of human evolution. With the knowledge accumulated over generations, human beings can now build and transform societies with unprecedented knowledge resources.However, there are many barriers to knowledge transfer. For example, lack of trust and resistance to change undermine the transfer of knowledge. People are less likely to acquire knowledge from those whom they don’t trust or to adopt new theories and practices they are not familiar with. Cultural and language barriers also hamper the transfer of knowledge between nations or ethnic groups. It would be almost impossible for people who speak different languages or dialects with different cultural backgrounds to communicate effecitvely, not to mention exchanging knowledge.An underdeveloped economy is another barrier to knowledge transfer. The lack of socio-economic and techno-environmental cooperation, as well as poor communications infrastructure, can greatly hinder the flow of knowledge within and between nations.To remove these barriers, people should change their attitude towards knowledge transfer and the learning of foreign languages and cultures. At the same time, efforts should be made to develop a better world economy.Book 4 Unit 4 Work and careerP107 1. 1) mass 2) gambled 3) voluntary 4) hunted 5) classified 6) abolished 7) division 8) senseless 9) fashions 10)coordination 11) declarations 12) spanned 13)recommends/recommended14)moderately 15) slightestP109 2. 1) stands/stood a chance 2) ruled out 3) worthy of 4) gone through 5) in the strict sense6) At a guess 7) earns a living 8) coincide with 9) gone in for 10) got their teeth intoP109 planetary congratulatory祝贺的；contradictory矛盾的，对立的；customary通常的，习惯的，惯例的；documentary公文的，文件的；explanatory解释的；说明的；imaginary想象中的，虚构的；introductory介绍的，导言的；legendary传说（中）的，传奇的；migratory迁徙的，移居的；visionary有远见的；不实际的P110 1) imaginary 2) congratulatory 3) Migratory 4)documentary5) legendary 6) introductory 7) contradictory 8) explanatoryP111 2. 1) vocation 2) posts 3) trade 4) job 5) work 6) profession 7)career 8) positionP112 1. 1) I don’t remember having borrowed/ borrowing anything from you.2) She’ll stay here for a couple of weeks before going on to New York.3) The prospect of Profesor Smith’s coming to see us cheered us all.4) Jim, a man of strong character, naturally didn’t give in.5) Arriving at the school gate, ha found his classmates had already assembled.2. 1) He was afraid of falling behind the others..2) We were all amused at Henr y’s running after the dog in his slippers.3) Have they informed you of the change in the plan ?4) We’re grateful to you for having given us so much help.post of general manager of the company.2) She is very satisfied with her new job as it coincides with her interests.3) I bought this shirt because the price was reduced from 300 yuan to 80 yuan.4) To bring her children up, the mother really went through all kinds of hardships.5) The police have ruled out murder in the case of the old lady’s death.6) The municipal government promised to take effective steps as soon as possible to solve the problems of air pollution.7) I did not go in for the Campus Tennis Championships held last month because of my injured leg.8) If you can get the support of the majority of the girls, you stand a good chance of winning the election and becoming Chairman of the Students Union.9) Not all the books he wrote were as successful as this one so I recommend that you borrow it from the library and read it.10) At the 2004 Athens Olympic Games Liu Xiang won the championship of the men’s 110-meter hurdles and broke the world record, which had been previously held by an American athlete.P115 2. Some people think that they’ve fulfilled their tasks as long as they go on duty and come off duty on time. They never think about what is meant by “work” and why they should work at all. In fact, “work” involves such qualities as wisdom, enthusiam, imagination and creativity.To do his work well, a worker must have a spirit of dedication, and be capable of bearing hardships and standing hard work. In addition, he should have initiative and creativity. Having initiative means the worker should be ready to grasp every opportunity to display his outstanding ability.In addition, a worker should make clear the nature and significance of the work he does, be responsible for whatever he is doing and plunge himself into the work with vigorous enthusiasm. If he can do so, he willl find a job no longer a burden but an indispensable part of his life. Whatever he does, he can always find values and pleasure in the work and achieve extraordinaryWhen it comes to the choice of career different people consider the matter from different perspectives. Personally I prefer to be a teacher.I have three reasons for my decision. The first reason is that the profession of teaching is in agreement with my personality. Being an outgoing, patient and understanding person, I think I am able to communicate with my students and understand their feelings easily, which constitutes an important factor in ensuring success in teaching. The second reason is that I am interested in the job. It would always give me great joy and satisfaction to see the happy faces of my students, to share my knowledge and life experience with them and to participate in their process of growing up. The third reason is related to my occupational attitude. I always believe that school teachers all over the world are respected for their profound knowledge and higher social status. I have always held my teachers in respect and I hope I would be respected as a teacher, too, in the future.I think teaching is an ideal career for me. Being a university student now, I will work hard to realize my dream.Practice Test 1 Listening script on Page 275Keys on the textbook Page 279Book 4 Unit 5 Fame and Success8) publicity 9) sufficiently 10) sympathy 11) target 12) educate 13) commerce 14) alike15) bored 16) audiences 17) regard 18) assureP158 2. 1) thrown out 2) and so on 3) for dear life 4) dedicate himself to5) was tired of 6) turn away 7) hang on 8) for the sake ofP159 1. automate—automation housekeep—housekeeperbabysit— babysitter mass-produce — mass-productionbook-keep — book-keeping self-destruct — self-destructiondry-clean — dry-cleaning window-shop — window-shoppingedit— editor wordprocess— wordprocessorP159 2. 1) reached / secured 2) achieved / attained 3) attained / reached4) reach / secure 5) achieved / realized / fulfilled 6) fulfill / meet / satisfyP160 3. 1) dull 2) competitive 3) same 4) momentary 5) specificP160 1. 1) (real) subject 2) object to the verb “make”3) predicate 4) a ttribute modifying “opportunity”5) object complement 6) adverbial of purpose 7) adverbial of result 8) predicative9) attribute modifying “person”10) independent element2. 1) To become a famous writer 2) to take traveler’s checks3) to employ a young engineer4) take the machine apart 5) To understand the situation completely 6) to rise higher in position7) to find that the train had left 10 minutes before 8) to apply for a known job opening2) The president has announced that he will not seek re-election at the end of his first term.3) The young teacher is skilled at motivating his students to study hard.4) She loves giving parties and does os whenever she can find an excuse.5) I’m afraid that you’ll have to compete with at least fifty people for an administrative post in this company.6) To be frank, I don’t think you stand a good chance of getting promoted even i f you are loyal to the company.7) It was obvious that his speech aroused the sympathy of the audience for the victims of the earthquake.8) Though he has repeatedly assured me of his ability to promote our company’s products, I’ll give him another intervi ew before hiring him.9) The company’s investment ended in failure due to the wrong strategic decisions of the general manager and so the board of directors decided to throw him out.10) I know you are tired but try to hang on a little bit longer. We will reach the peak in half an hour.P164 2. Many people want to be famous because fame can bring them both honor and respect form the public. In mostcases, fame can also help them gain wealth. But, after all, very few people can really become famous while most people, including most artists, are unlikely to become famous.It is true that some failure for some people at certain times in their lives does motivate them to strive even harder so as to achieve final success. For example, Thomas Edison, the famous American inventor, had tried hundreds of materials before he finally found the suitable fuse for the electric bulb. However, unfortunately, for most people failure is the end of their struggle.Therefore, in my opinion, success is one thing and fame is an other. As long as you have tried your best, you’re alreadySample essay: Fame — Good or EvilFame has always been pursued by many people for the advantages it brings about. Fame can assure one of a high social status, high regard, great admiration, etc. Fame can also bring one wealth as a celebrity has more chances to earn big money. Besides, the applauses and flowers from the fans may boost one's self-confidence and increase one's sense of fulfillment.However, fame can ruin one's life, too. It deprives one of his privacy. As a public figure, he is often chased by fans and journalists, and his private life never escapes the media's attention or public curiosity. Fame also places one under great pressure. He has to work in line with public expectations and thus becomes the slave of his own success.So fame is a double-edged sword. I don't seek fame and I don't envy those who are famous. I highly appreciate what the American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow says about fame: "The talent of success is nothing more than doing well whatever you do without a thought of fame".Book 4 Unit 6 Attitudes to LifeP187 1. 1) commonplace 2)enduring 3)dim 4)command 5)imperfection 6)intensive 7)abandon 8)finite9)mean 10)weaving 11)additional 12)aspiration 13)gratitude 14)endless 15)faithful 16)committedP188 2. 1) live on 2)dawned upon 3)live by 4)is invested with 5)hold fast to6)all too 7)step aside 8)set out 9)to and fro 10)work atP189 1.alternative comparative creative defensive constructive effective explosive impressive initiative relative1) take effective measures 2) a new kind of explosive 3) the only alternative 4) defensive weapons5) an impressive speech 6) a comparative study of Chinese and western cultures 7) take the initiative to donate blood8) a creative musician 9) a distant relative 10) a constructive proposal2. additional—add pleasant—please beautiful—beautify prosperous—prospercontradictory—contradict radiant—radiant deaf—deafen relentless—relentdifferent—differ respectful—respect intensive—intensify sparkling—sparkleminimal—minimize wonderful—wonder opposite—oppose withered—wither3. 1) provide care (for); receive care; take care; take care of2) give sb. A chance; have a/ the chance; stand a chance (of)3) show concern for; express concern about; voice one’s concern4) agree to one’s demand; give in to one’s demand; give up a demand; make demands on; meet a demand; satisfy a demand5) accumulate experiences; acquire an experience; gain experience; learn from experience6) be filled with fear; be seized with fear; express fear; live in fear (of); for fear of; for fear that (clause)7) accept gift; exchange gifts with; give a gift; present sb. with a gift; receive a gift8) arouse hope; boost one’s hope; bring/give hope to sb.; fulfill a/ the hope; lose hope; raise one’s hope9) build up one’s strength; develop/ find /gain/gather/save one’s strengthP191 2. 1) Emma is an expert in/ on organic farming.2) There is a greater demand for cars these days.3) The computer has had a great impact on our modern life.4) Henry has a talent for making people laugh.5) Many people in this country are demanding a reduction in taxes.P191 1) wither 2) sense 3) faithful 4) commit 5) aspirations 6) gratitude 7) dawns 8) accumulatedcountry on behalf of his government.2) All the way on the train I had been preoccupied with the result of the term examination until the conductor reminded me of the arrival of my destination.3) Although her husband’s name did not appear on the list of the people who got killed in the traffic accident, she kept walking to and fro, anxious to see him back home sooner .4) I was setting out to translate the contract into English when it dawned upon me that both parties involved were Chinese companies.5) At the party, people sang and danced with abandon, totally forgetting the troubles in their lives .6) With the great aspirations to become an astronaut, Jackson committed himself to the 2-year strenuous constitution training.7) His paintings, drawing on timeless fairy stories, exemplified the Europeans’ taste of that period.8) The bus driver didn’t want to take any responsibility for the ac cident and so he took every means to put the blame on the passengers on board.9) He not only risked his own life to save the old man from the burning house but made some room in his own house for him to settle down.10) From childhood, she tried to live by the teachings of her parents and gradually accumulated a set of standards of conduct.P193 2. What is truth? Truth is the correct reflection of people’s knowledge about the objective world and its laws. Truth makes people full of hope and life full of brilliance and glory. Therefore, many people regard the pursuit of truth as the ultimate goal of their lives to the truth and make understanding contributions to mankind.Truth is both absolute and relative. We say that truth is absolute because truth can objectively reflect the essential of things. However, any truth is but people’s correct understanding of the development of things at a certain stage. Therefore, truth is relative and develops constantly.Sometimes, the brilliance of truth may dim but it will never die out. For some people, truth may seem beyond their reach.People hold different attitudes towards life. Some take a positive attitude and they always appreciate the beauty of life with zeal and gratitude. Some take a negative attitude towards life and any slight trouble in life may seem like the end of the world to them.A positive attitude ensures a happy, successful and healthy life. With a positive attitude, people find it easy to accept challenges and overcome obstacles while maintaining peace of mind. Besides, a positive attitude boosts their self-esteem, lifts their morale and helps them fulfill their commitments both in their career and in their everyday life. Moreover, medical research shows that positive thinking can improve the immune system and strengthen the body's resistance to diseases.There are several ways to develop a positive attitude towards life. One needs to think positively, read uplifting stories, hang around with optimistic people, give up jealousy, and participate in meaningful activities. By building a positive attitude towards life, one can enjoy a happy, successful and healthy life.。

Unit1Forgiveness n.原谅，宽恕，饶恕；宽厚之心Workmate n. 同事，工友Oxygen n.氧（气）Good-tempered a.脾气好的Universal a.全体的；与全体有关的Ironically ad.具讽刺意味地Bitterness n.怨恨，愤恨，伤心或不愉快情绪Host n.寄主，宿主；东道主，主人Swiftly ad.很快地，即刻Root sth. Out;root out sth.把（坏事等）彻底根除，杜绝Take hold 固定下来，确立Cripple vt.严重损坏或削弱；使残废cling v.坚持，墨守；紧握住，紧抱住cling to sth坚持，墨守；忠实于某事物determinedly ad.坚决地，决然地heal v.使伤口愈合；使精神上的创伤恢复proverb n.谚语put v.用语言表达，叙述，说明whoever pron.谁，凡是……的人revenge n.报复，报仇grave n.墓穴，坟墓have no idea 不清楚go about (doing) sth. 着手干某事unfair a.不公平的，不公正的；不正当的core n.核心，最重要的部分shallow a.肤浅的，浅薄的for one thing…,for another (thing)…首先…，再者…sweep …under the carpet 把坏事或使人震惊之事掩盖起来countsth. Against sb. 认为某事物不利于某人；因某事而低估某人initial a.开始的，最初的relatively ad.相对地，比较地one-off a.一次性的constant a.持续不断地，连续发生的，一再重复的confrontation n.对抗，对峙resentment n.因受虐待而愤恨，不满，怨恨eat （away）at 烦扰，困扰tackle v.采取行动处理，应付，解决innocent a.人无罪的，无辜的functional a.实用的，为实用而设计的；不加装饰的impressive a.给人以强烈或良好印象的，令人难忘的roll by 时间流逝peel 表层，外层脱落；剥皮like it or not 不管喜欢还是不喜欢chipboard n.硬纸板，纸板，木渣板jury n.陪审团wart n.疣，肉赘warts and all 不隐瞒缺点地，毫不遮丑地flaw n.缺点，瑕疵contentment n.满意，满足reaction n.反应，回应find it in one’s heart/oneself to do sth. 意欲做某事，忍心做某事，愿意做某事moven. 步骤，行动upset n. 心烦的，苦恼的，不适的react vi. 发应；反对let go （for sth.）放弃（某事）at peace（with）与…保持友好，和谐；平静nurture vi. 使发展；培养do sb. wrong 中伤某人；冤枉某人；虐待某人alternative n.可供选择的事物；取舍；抉择sin n.冒犯上帝或宗教规定的罪v.违反教规；犯过失Bible n.基督教《圣经》Unit2thrilling n.情节紧张的，令人激动的thrill v.使感到一阵激动，狂喜，恐怖等doom vt.使…遭厄运；注定，命定condemn vt.给…判刑，尤指判死刑或长期徒刑；给…定罪criminal n.犯人，罪犯sphere n.兴趣或活动的范围，领域，界activity n.尤指娱乐或兴趣方面的活动confinevt.把…局限于，把…限制于set sb. doing sth.使某人开始做某事under/in …circumstances在…情况下mortal a.终有一死，不会长生不老的attitude n. 态度，心态；感觉，想法emphasize vt.强调，着重vigor n. 活力，精力，精神keenness n.敏锐keen a.思想、感情或感觉等良好的；敏锐的；敏捷的appreciation n. 感谢，感激stretch vi. 延伸，延续，绵延panorama n.风景的全貌，全景adopt vt.采取motto n.箴言，格言，座右铭certainty n.确定性，确定的事；必然发生的事take …for granted对某人或某事不注意，不关心；认为是当然的，因视作当然而不重视picturevt.想像，设想picture sb./sth.as将…想像成all but几乎，差不多unimaginable a.难以想像的，不可思议的endlessly ad.尤指不愉快的事情永无休止地，无穷尽地endless a.尤指不愉快的事情永无休止的，无穷尽的petty a.不重要的；琐碎的listlessness n.精神萎靡listless a.无精打采的；倦怠的characterize vt.是…的特征，以…为特征deaf a.耳聋的，失聪的blessing n.上帝的恩赐；幸事，幸运observation n.观察，注意，监视blessed a.神圣的；受上帝祝福的，有福的take in看到，注意到hazily ad.模糊地the (same) old story老一套greatful to sb. for sth.因某事而对某人怀有感激之情conscious a.意识到的，察觉到的stricken a.受灾的；患病的；受困扰的；遭损害的appreciative a.感激的；赞赏的；有欣赏力的appreciative of sth.因某事而心存感激in particular特别；尤其response n.回答convince vt.使确信，使信服worthy of值得symmetry n.对称性；对称美，匀称birch n.桦树，桦木rough a.表面粗糙的，不平的hopefully ad.怀有希望地in search of搜索bud n.蓓蕾，芽，苞sign n.迹象，痕迹，征兆awaken v.醒来；叫醒，唤醒delightful a.令人非常高兴的，使人快乐的，讨人喜欢的texture n.手感，质感，质地remarkable a.值得注意的；十分不平常的；出众的reveal vt.展现，显露出quiver n.微颤，发抖brook n.小河，溪Persian n.波斯人/语的；波斯人，波斯语rug n.小地毯unending a.尤指不愉快的事情无休止的，无尽的；不断的drama n.剧本；戏剧，电视剧，广播剧action n.剧本等的情节；故事；行动，活动；动作stream vi.奔流，倾注；涌流longing n.对…的渴望long vi.渴望long for切盼，渴望convenience n.便利设施；带来方便的装置unit3shadowland n.阴影地带；虚幻境界many a 许多fame n. 声誉，名声，名气private a私人的，个人的.reward vt.酬报，酬谢，报答，奖赏neglect n.被忽略的状况vt.忽视；忽略freelance n.自由作家，自由撰稿人；自由职业者prospect n.有根据的指望，期望，展望srorage n.贮藏，储存，保管superintendent n.某项活动或某一地区的主管人；监督人manual a.手动的genuine a.真正的，真诚的put …to the test使…经手考验uncertainty n.不确定，不可靠，半信半疑agent n.经纪人editor n.编辑，编者；报纸杂志等的主编，主笔contract n.契约，合同siren n.塞壬；妖妇tempt vt.引诱某人去做…，诱使；怂恿acquaintance n.相识但不很熟的人，泛泛之交station vt.使驻扎，安置，设置buck n.一美元tease v.取笑，戏弄，拿…开玩笑on the side作为兼职；暗地里bull-headed a.指人愚笨固执的，顽固的resolution n.决心要做的事well vi.液体流，涌stick it out 把难事坚持到底，忍耐到底afterward ad.后来，以后pace v.踱步于，慢步走于cupboard n.橱柜，衣柜；食品橱，碗柜crate n.板条箱，柳条箱；装货箱sardine n.沙丁鱼plunge v.使某物突然而猛力投入、穿入、进入plunge in/into;plunge…in/into使某物突然而猛力投入、穿入、进入等；跳入；冲进；使投入某种活动come up with找到；拿出；提出；想出计划、答复等crumple v.使皱；扭曲goodness n.表示惊讶或愤怒，哎呀！天哪！谢天谢地！veterana.&n.老资格的人，经验丰富的人grocer n.食品杂货商；杂货铺的售货员wither v.使植物等枯萎，使干枯，使凋谢rumor n.流言，谣言，谣传Rumor has it (that)传说steak n.牛或其他动物或鱼的肉排；牛排，牛扒dash v.冲，猛冲role model榜样，楷模sacrifice n.牺牲make sacrifices做出牺牲gradually ad.逐渐地slavery n.奴隶制度；努力身份avoid vt.回避，故意避开trace vt.追溯，追查dazzle vt.使眼花，使目眩；耀眼limelight n.公众注意的中心；舞台照明用的石灰光灯，钙光灯pack up收拾行李TV mini-series电视连续短剧in a/one sense在某种意义上；在一定程度上come across尤指偶然遇见，碰上；发现corrode v.使腐蚀；侵蚀dime n.指美国、加拿大的钱币十分铸币，一角硬币flood in大量地涌入tide n.潮；潮汐；潮水huddle v.使挤成一团，使聚成一堆bleak a.阴冷的；阴郁的，凄凉的portrait n.肖像画，照片medal n.奖章；勋章press v.强烈地劝说；敦促；催促be （hard）pressed to do sth.处境为难，做某事有困难persistence n.坚持，持续stay the course 坚持到底.Unit 4pessimism n.悲观；悲观主义reverse n.相反in reverse反过来；反之亦然cause-and-effect a.因果的powerful a.强大的，作用大的，强效的，强烈的shapevt.影响…的形态等；决定进程等ample a.充足的，充裕的rational a.想法，行为合理的，基于理性的curse v.诅咒perspective n.观察问题的视角viewvt.考虑，看，认为viewsth./sb.from a …perspective从…视角来看待某事或某人despair n. 绝望highlightvt.使…显著，突出，使注意力集中于slip over忽视，忽略，遗漏by choice出于自己选择地，凭爱好by nature处于本性地，天生地live through活过，经过困难，危险之后仍活着crisis n. 危机，紧要关头when all is said and done结果，说到底，归根结底；毕竟，终究luxury n. 奢侈品conversely ad. 另一方面，相反地feed on / upon感情等因…变得更强烈；尤指动物或婴孩吃，以…为食prophecy n.尤指根据个人感觉所作的预言self-fulfilling prophecy本身会成为事实的预言，应验的预言service station汽车修理站；兼营汽车修理的加油站gas n.汽油attendant n.公共场所服务员，侍役odd a.奇特的，古怪的，异常的uneasy a.不安心的，担心的，忧虑的pull over把车停靠在路边liver n.肝脏gas station汽车加油站figure out理解，想出disgusting a.令人作呕的，令人厌恶的，讨厌的hepatitis n.肝炎negativism n.否定态度，怀疑主义affirmation n.断言，肯定thankful a.为…感到高兴的；欣慰的tradition n.传统思维或行为方式，惯例；传统incredible a.不可相信的；难以置信的accomplishvt.完成任务等；做成功naive a.幼稚的，无经验的；天真的；轻信的make a difference有很大影响或关系，很重要solver n.解决者raisevt.筹集；召集in …terms/in terms of从…观点来看，从…角度来讲address vt.着手解决criticize v.批评，指责result in导致，造成benefit vt.尤指一行动或事件有益于，有利于，有助于mankind n.人类channel v.把…导向某一特定目的；引导；集中；朝向channelsth. intosth.把…导向某一特定目的constructive a.陈述、话语等建设性的，积极的concerned with关心的，感兴趣的；与…有关系unlimited a.无限的；无约束的unit 5consult v.当顾问；查阅书籍等；向专业人员咨询，请教morale n.士气，斗志capable a.熟练的；卓有成效的；能干的rise (up) through the ranks晋升falter vi.衰退，衰落productivity n.生产效率profit n.利润，收益，盈利incentive n.刺激；鼓励；奖励shake off拜托；逃脱；甩掉gloom n.忧郁。

Unit OneMan and NatureEnhance Your Language AwarenessWords in Action▆Working with Words and Expressions1. In the boxes below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the followingsentences with the words given. Change the form where necessary.▆Answers:1) spark2) compelled3) bare 4)scrape5) destruction6) output 7)retreat 8)tipped 9)miracle10) eternal11) pile12) transfer13) mass14) thereby15) have emerged16) trigger 17)threaten18) consumed19) hollow2. In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Complete the sentenceswith them. Change the form where necessary.▆Answers:1) show signs of2) cope with3) lives in fear of4) tough it out5) cut down6) from head to foot7) searched out8) nothing short of9) As yet 10) settlein 11) take heart▆Increasing Your Word Power3.You will read six pairs of words which are similar in meaning but are different in usage. Reflect on the4.differences in usage between the words in each group and fill in each blank with a proper one. Change the form if necessary. ▆Answers:1) temptation2) attraction3) chance4) opportunity5) states 6)country 7)warned8) threatened / threatens9) refuse 10) reject 11)total 12) gross5. A blend is a word produced by combining parts of other words, such as “comsat”from“communications”and “satellite”. Try to find out what words the following blends are formed from.You may consult a dictionary if necessary.▆Answers:Blend Formation Meaning smogsmoke + fog 烟雾blog web + log 博客brunch breakfast + lunch 早午餐（早餐和午餐合为一餐）autocide automobile + suicide 撞车自杀chunnel channel + tunnel 海峡隧道motel motor + hotel 汽车旅馆netizen net + citizen 网民sci-fi science + fiction 科幻小说workaholic work + alcoholic 工作狂无线网络wi-fi wireless + fidelity6.Fill in the blanks in Column B with an adjective in Text A. The target adjective must be opposite in meaning to the one in Column A and must form a correct collocation with the noun in Column C. ▆Answers:1) individual2)contradictory3)destructive4) rational 5)primitive6) synthetic7) distant8) pessimistic9) irreplaceable10) enormousGrammar in Context7.Study the following sentencesfrom Text B and point out the grammatical function of each of the present participles used as an adverbial. ▆Answers:1) an adverbial of accompanying circumstances2) an adverbial of accompanying circumstances3) an adverbial of result 4) an adverbial of result5) an adverbial of manner; accompanying circumstances6) an adverbial of result 7) an adverbial of timeplete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in the brackets into English, usinagpresentparticiple as an adverbial.▆Answers:1) killing thousands upon thousands of people2) raising the average yield by 15 percent3) trying to deduce its operating principle4) Seeing that everyone was bending over his / her book5) Not having heard from his parents for a long time6) leaving the project unfinished7) Turning to the right8) Not wanting to make the patient nervousCloze▆Complete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letter of each is given.▆Answers:(1) realm(2) elemental(3) obtain(4) stubbornly(5) transferred(6)transformed(7) subdued(8) expansion(9)irreplaceable(10) extinct(11) dynamic(12) verge (13)moderate(14)ecological(15) rationalTranslation1. Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given in brackets.▆Answers for Reference:1) The village is so close to the border that the villagers lived in constant fear of attacks from the enemy.2) In only twenty years the country was transformed into an advanced industrial power.3) Seeing the project successfully completed, those who had invested so much time and energy in it felt very proud.4) Given the current financial situation, it is inevitable that the US dollar will be further devalued.5) There are so many vehicles nowadays that the roads in this area are barely adequate to cope with the present traffic.6) The weather showed no signs of getting better so the government called upon us to get prepared for floods.7) Alice had been confined to bed for over 10 years after the traffic accident, and so her recovery seemed nothing short of a miracle.8) The students were all very much concerned about the World Cup, spending at least two hours every day watching the live matches on TV.9) Thomas said that his family had settled in Florida more than half a century ago.10) Ask for help. Don ’t tough it out yourself. I learned this lesson early in my life.9. Translate the following passage into English. ▆Answers for reference:Human beings live in the realm of nature. They are not only dwellers in nature, but also transformers of it. With the development of society and its economy, people tend to become less dependent on nature directly, but indirectly their dependence grows.Human beings are connected with nature by “b lood”t ies. No one can live outside nature. However, the previous dynamic balance between man and nature has shown signs of breaking down. Problems such as the population explosion, ecological imbalance and the shortage of natural resources have become major factors keeping human society from being further developed.Professor Spirkin holds that the only choice for human beings is the wise organization of production and care for Mother Nature.Theme-Related Writing▆Write an essay of no less than 150 words on the topic“M y Understanding of Environmental Protection .”Your writing should cover the following points:1) the relationship between man and the environment2) the urgency of environmental protection3) ways to protect the environment▆Sample essayMy Understanding of Environmental ProtectionMan and the environment are closely related. Man relies on the environment for water, food and shelter. A harmonious relationship between man and the environment is essential for human survival on the earth.However, man and the environment have never been on such bad terms as they are now. As society develops, m an’s transformation of nature has severely polluted his living environment. Deforestation leads to changes in rainfall patterns, causing devastating floods, droughts and sandstorms. The discharge of chemical pollutants endangers our health and the lives of other beings. And mass production has resulted in the shortage of irreplaceable natural resources such as coal and oil. If we take no immediate and effective steps to protectour environment, human beings may be the next species to become extinct.We should do our best to protect our environment by planting more trees, taking care of wildlife, reducing industrial wastes, using renewable energy, and imposing heavy fines on environmentally-unfriendly activities,so as to preserve the environment for future generations.(167 words)...。

Unit 1 II. Key Words and Expressions1. catastrophic (para. 1)adj. 灾难性的【同disastrous】 . One of the most catastrophic consequences of climate change could be a rise in sea level. 气候变化带来的最具灾难性的后果之一可能是海平面上升。

catastrophe n. 灾难，大祸；灾难性的结局catastrophically adv. 灾难性地2. ups and downs (para. 1)悲欢；成败；盛衰 . There have been many ups and downs in our marriage, but we still love each other. 我们的婚姻一波三折，但我们仍然彼此相爱。

3. misfortune (para. 1)n. 不幸的遭遇(可数)；不幸(不可数)【反fortune】 . The worst misfortune that can happen to a person is caused by breaking a mirror as it brings seven years of bad luck! 一个人可能遭遇的最糟的厄运是打碎一面镜子，因为这将带来7年的霉运。

4. desperately (para. 1)adv. 极其(严重、危急等)，……得要命 . Her case was desperately serious. 她的情况极其危急。

desperate adj. 绝望的；极度的5. menace (para. 1)n. 威胁【同threat】 . In our pioneering days this aggressiveness was essential to survival. Now it can be a menace to society. 在拓荒时代，我们的这种进攻性对于生存是必不可少的。

新世纪大学英语Book4词汇重点U1、U3、U5、U7Unit 1 Man and Nature1. realm: n. 领域e.g. The king had to call representatives of different classes of the realm into consultationupon the national economic crisis.The movie has brought children to a realm of imagination.影片将孩子们带入了幻想的王国。

He always projects an image of success in public realm.他总是以成功人士的形象出现在公众面前。

It was actually within the realms of possibility. 这是完全有可能的。

2. interact: vi.相互作用; 互相影响; 互动e.g. Lucy interacts well with other children in the class.All things are interrelated and interact with each other. 所有事物都是互相联系又互相作用的。

3. transform: vt. 改变e.g. Increased population has transformed the landscape.The play transformed her almost overnight from an unknown schoolgirl into a megastar. 这部戏几乎在一夜之间把她从一个不为人知的校园女生变成了演艺巨星。

In order to transform their environment, he drew up the project.4. convert: v.转变e.g. They converted t 密密麻麻密密麻麻密密麻麻密密麻麻磨马门帽he spare bedroom into an office.In the process, the light energy converts to heat energy.He succeeded in converting me to his point of view. 他成功地让我接受了他的观点。

基英4册Unit1Catastrophic[,kætə'strɑfɪk] involves or causes a sudden terrible disaster. 灾难性的cause catastrophic damage very bad or unsuccessful. 极糟的; 失败的词根：catastrophe n. 大灾难；大祸；惨败Syn.——adj.灾难的；悲惨的miserable, calamitousConviction n. 定罪；判决确信；证明有罪appeal against his conviction坚定的信念a strong belief or opinion. say with conviction坚定地Syn---- assurance, damningness 词根：convictn.罪犯vt. 证明…有罪；宣告…有罪Deceptive adj. 欺诈的；迷惑的；虚伪的Syn.——artificial, lost, false词根：decepive adv. deceptively迷惑地，骗人地；虚伪地n.deception欺骗，欺诈；骗术deceptiveness虚伪；迷惑骗人deceit：n. 欺骗；谎言；欺诈手段Desperately adv. 拼命地；绝望地；极度地Syn.——adv.拼命地；绝望地；极度地profoundly, overly词根：desperate adj. 不顾一切的；令人绝望的；极度渴望的adj. desperate不顾一切的；令人绝望的；极度渴望的n. desperation绝望的境地；不顾一切拼命far-reaching adj. (影响、意义)深远的；广泛的；伸至远处的far-reaching consequence/ influence/ effect /impact/significance深远的影响far-reaching design远景设计far-reaching reform/change广泛而意义深远的改革adj.深远的；广泛的；伸至远处的extensive, widespread, comprehensiveflinch vi. n退缩；畏惧flinch from 躲闪；在…面前退缩Syn.—cower, shy away from n.退缩；畏惧boggleimpostor n. 骗子；冒充者cheaterSyn.—n.骗子；冒充者fraud, sharp swindler juggler deceiver词根：imposter骗子；冒名顶替者Liquidate vt. vi.清算；偿付；消除liquidate assets资产清算Liquidate Labor清算劳工变形:vt.liquidated liquidating根：liquid adj 液体的；清澈的；明亮的；易变的n. 液体，流体；流音liquidity流动性；流动资产；[金融] 偿债能力liquidation清算；偿还；液化；清除liquidator清算人；公司资产清理人Syn.—vt.清算；偿付；消除eliminate, avoid vi.清算；清理债务reckon with sb, bring to accountLull vt. 使平静；使安静；哄骗vi. 平息；减弱；停止n. 间歇；暂停；暂时平静vt.使平静；使安静；哄骗calm, silence, compose vi.平息；减弱；停止fall, lower, cool, subside n.间歇；暂停；暂时平静hang, pausemenace n. 威胁；恐吓vi. vt. 恐吓；进行威胁n.威胁；恐吓threat, danger vi.恐吓；进行威胁to threaten vt.威胁；恐吓cow, to threaten adj. menacing威胁的；险恶的adv. menacingly胁迫地；险恶地v. menacing威胁（menace的ing形式）；恐吓might n. 力量；威力；势力v. 可以；或许（may的过去式）；应该do sth with all your might 词根：may mighty adj.有力的；强有力的；有势力的adv.很；极；非常n.有势力的人Syn—n.力量；威力；势力strength, force, muscle, power, influence aux.可能；也许shouldmisfortune n. 不幸；灾祸，灾难misfortune strike恶运来袭n.不幸；灾祸，灾难disaster, evil, tragedy, griefoverwhelming adj. 压倒性的；势不可挡的v. 压倒；淹没（overwhelm的ing形式）；制服overwhelming majority压倒性多数Syn—adj.压倒性的；势不可挡的inundatory, preponderant v.压倒；淹没（overwhelm的ing 形式）；制服drowning词根：vt. overwhelm压倒；淹没；受打击adv.overwhelmingly压倒性地；不可抵抗地Persevere vi. 坚持；不屈不挠；固执己见（在辩论中）persevere in坚持；保持persevere with坚持词根：persevereadj. persistent固执的，坚持的；持久稳固的persevering坚忍的；不屈不挠的adv. persistently坚持地；固执地perseveringly坚定地n. perseverance坚持不懈；不屈不挠persistence持续；固执；存留perseveration持续言语（指言语反复不止的病态）；持续重复的行为；执拗vi. perseverate患持续言语症；表现固执Syn—vi.坚持；不屈不挠；固执己见（在辩论中）stay, stand onpetty adj. 琐碎的（贬）次要的；小气的；小规模的petty cash零用现金petty favours小恩小惠petty bourgeois小资产阶级分子Syn—adj.琐碎的；小气的；小规模的cheap, trivialpettifogging adj.骗人的；琐碎的，无用的；诡辩的n.诡辩，欺骗v. 欺诈；诡辩（pettifog 的ing形式）adv. pettily卑鄙地；小气地；琐碎地；小型地n. pettiness琐碎；卑鄙；小气；微小pettifoggingSlate n. 板岩；石板；蓝色；石片adj. 板岩的；石板色的vt. 铺石板；严厉批评某人(在特定时间或者条件下) 选定be slated to become secretary adj. slaty石板色的；石板一样的；板岩的n. slat板条；狭板slater石板瓦工；等足类甲壳动物slating石板瓦；叱责vt. slat用板条做或装备；用条板制造n.[岩]板岩；[地质]石板；蓝色；石片blue, flagstoneclean slate n. 清白历史wipe the slate clean 勾销往事sponge vt. vi.抹掉；用海绵擦拭；采集海绵；过寄生生活；海绵般地吸收n. 海绵；海绵状物vt.抹掉；用海绵擦拭；efface vi.采集海绵；过寄生生活；海绵般地吸收cosheradj. spongy海绵状的；轻软的；多孔而有弹性的；有吸水性的n. sponger使用海绵擦拭的人；海绵采集者；寄生虫sponginess海绵状；海绵质station n. 站；驻地；地位；身分vt. 配置；安置；驻扎Syn—n.站；驻地；地位；身分capacity, condition, standingvt.配置；安置；驻扎establish, put, bed, planthydropower station 水电站power station 发电站；stern n. 船尾；末端adj. 严厉的；坚定的苛刻的stern tube 轴管from stem to stern 完全；从头到尾Syn—n.[船]船尾；末端terminal, bottom, extremeadj.严厉的；坚定的severe, committed, firm, confirmed, tightadv. sternly严厉地；坚决地n. sternness严厉；严格triumph n. 胜利，凯旋；(胜利的) 喜悦vi. 获得胜利，成功triumph over获胜；战胜；击败；成功in triumph 胜利地；洋洋得意地；耀武扬威地adj. triumphant成功的；得意洋洋的；狂欢的triumphal凯旋的，胜利的adv. triumphantly成功地；耀武扬威地Syn—n.胜利，凯旋；欢欣victory, success, win vi.获得胜利，成功arrive, win, make goodUnmeasured adj. 不可测量的；无限的；无边无际的；无节制的Unmeasured state不可测量状态Unmeasured Vastness广阔无垠Syn—adj.不可测量的；无限的；无边无际的；无节制的huge, infiniteadj. unmeasurable不可测的；无法计量的venture vt. 敢于vi. 冒险；投机n. 企业；风险；冒险Venture Towns创业城Venture Capitalists风险投资家joint venture合资企业venture somewhere冒险去(某处) venture to do冒险(做某事) venture into an activity词根：vent vi. 放出；（通过排泄等）减轻压力vt. 发泄感情；放出…；给…开孔adj. venturesome冒险的；危险的；好冒险的venturous不顾一切的；好冒险的；大胆的n. vent（感情的）发泄；出口；通风孔venturesomeness冒险；投机；大胆；危险Syn——vt.敢于dare to, be bold to vi.冒险；投机adventure, take a riskn.企业；风险；冒险enterprise, risk, undertaking, throw。

Unit 1 NEVER GIVE IN, NEVER, NEVER, NEVERText comprehesion:I.BII.TTFFTIII.1. Because he understands that the war is long and tough: it is not to end in months but in years. He tells the people there that however long the war lasts, the final victory belongs to Britain. But at the same time he makes it clear that not every day is an opportunity to take action: they have yet to wait and persevere.2. Because he thinks both Triumph and Disaster are deceptive in that people can make things out far worse than they really are when they have a disaster and they can lose their vigilance and when they are in triumph.3. When Britain came under the heavy air attacks by Germany, many other nations thought that Britain was finished. As the country stood the ordeal to their great surprise, those nations changed their views.4. Because he has a strong conviction of victory. The tow terms have different implications. When used in the text to refer to the days of war, “darker days” emphasizes the dark/negative si de o f the event and shows the user’s pessimism. “Sterner days,” though identical in its reference, suggests optimism and pride in having the chance to rise to the challenge.5. Yes, I do. By paying a visit to Harrow School and making a speech there, Churchill not only encouraged the audience of his speech but the British people in general to continue to fight rather than surrender to their enemy.IV . Explain in your own words:1. Britain has been in too long a period of stillness without taking any particular action against the enemy.2. We are sure to experience both Triumph and Disaster, but must avoid clouding our judgment through exaggerating their importance.3. Never give in unless we are convinced that it is honourable and sensible for us to do so.4. Other nations thought that Britain was completely conquered.5. We will win as long as we hold on to the end.VocabularyI. Explain the underlined part in each sentence in your ownwords:1. gladden my heart2. situation; circumstances3. threat4. splendid; heroic5. sudden small movement because of pain or fearII. Fill in the blanks:1. put… through2. addressed himself to3. was going through4. Throwing our minds back to5. yielded to6. close our account7. ups and downs8. misfortunesIII. Fill in the blanks:1. catastrophically2. deceptive3. convictions4. apparently5. Perseverance6. desperation7. unflinchingly8. courageousIV .CDAD BACAV . Synonym/Antonym 2. The ten months that have passed have seen very terrible —ups and downs. 3. …, each of us according to our these days memorable in the history of our race. might of the enemy.5. As Kipling well says, we must “… meet with and Disaster. And treat those two imposters just the same.” 7. You sang that extra verse written in my honour, which I w as very 8. All this tradition of ours, our songs, our school history, this part of the history of this country, were gone and finished andVI. Explain:1. current2. shown3. frequently4. depressed5. try harder6. takes inGrammarI. Improve the following:1. The school teaches shorthand, bookkeeping and the use of business machine.2. The sentence is difficult to understand not because of the technical vocabulary but because of the faulty syntax.3. Marian could not decide whether to start college right after high school or to get a job first.4. The Allies decided to invade Italy and then to launch a massive assault on the Normandy coast.5. the actor was stunned not only by the noise of booing but also by the sight of flying tomatoes.6. Smoking cigarettes can be as dangerous as playing Russian roulette.7. The trip to the city is neither long nor expensive.8. You must either stay home or go with us.9. The course consists of several lectures, three written reports, and two impromptuoral presentations.10. T he requirements for a chemistry degree are not as strict as the requirements/ those for a medical degree.II. Combination:1. Heidi Ross was both rich and powerful.2. Most of the floggings and lynchings occur at harvest time, when fruit hangs heavy and ripe, when the leaves are red and gold, when nuts fall from the trees, when the earth offers its best.3. I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat.4. Black people in America have been neglected and underestimated for years, but their r ecent accomplishments in a variety of fields have made “ black power ” real and black pride possible.5. New students will register on Monday; second-year students will register on Tuesday ，and senior students will register on Wednesday.6. The actor taught his students how to read, how to stand, how to cry and how to talk with fans.7. We cannot be worried about or terrified of the difficulties in life.8. The factory workers were ready, able, and determined to do a great job.III. Fill in the blank:1. B2. D3. D4. C5. C6. C7. A8. BIV. Combine:1. Secretaries do not want flowers but the recognition of their abilities to help management to get more done at less cost, thus contributing to profitability. They would, therefore, like to be recognized as professional coworkers.2. In Medieval times intelligent men frequently became priests. They did so to gain influential positions, for, in spite of the number of bishops from royal families, the Church was a democratic institution in which ability could make its way.3. I miss the open fire now that houseds have centralheating. Central heating provides warmth but it does not provide a focal point in a room, which depresses me.V. Fill in the blanks:have run/ have been running; began; has taken; takes; returned; was; became; screamed; left/ were leaving; have never seenTranslationI. Translate the following into Chinese：1．但我们必须学会同样善于应付短暂而干脆与漫长而艰难的局面。

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Example SentencesPassage Acompel vt.make (a person or thing) do sth. by force, moral persuasion, or orders that must be obeyed 强迫；强求；强使You can compel others to obey, but not to love.人可能因逼迫而服从，却不可能因逼迫而生爱。

Circumstances compel it to be so.势所必然。

transfer vt.[(from, to)] move from one place, job, position, etc., to another [常与from或to连用]转移；调动Mum, can you transfer some money from your bank account to mine?老妈，从你的账户上给我转些钱吧。

This company is transferring from military production to civil production.这家公司正由军用转民用。

CF: move, shift, transfer, remove这些动词均可表示“从一处移往另一处”之意。

move指从一处到另一处的任何距离的转移。

例如：A traffic warden asked him to move his car.shift侧重位置与方向的改变。

例如：The entire pile shifted and slid, thumping onto the floor.transfer一般表示转送、移交或迁移，尤指交通运输中的换乘或职务的调动等。

例如：I was transferred to the book department.remove作“移动”解时，与move可换用，还可指撤职或开除学藉等。