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汉语中常用的修辞方法与文化、翻译的内在关系修辞，它本身也是汉语文化的一种体现，其形式多而复杂。
本文认真地讨论了汉语中修辞的内涵，分别深入地分析了修辞与文化及修辞与翻译的内在联系，为汉语中常见的修辞的英译提供了一定的理论及实践依据。
标签：修辞；文化；翻译；关系一、修辞的内涵修辞是指人们在运用语言表达思想感情的时候，根据特定的目的精心选择用语的过程与方式，其目的是力求把话语说得更加的準确和明白，更加的生动和精彩，更能表达说话人的思想和情感。
好多时候，因为一句话，你可能就在表达自己思想情感的同时也把受话者给说笑了，反之，也会让受话者十分恼怒，根本不想再听你说下去，这样一来，不仅没有表达你想表达的意思，反而还伤了双方的感情。
由此可见，对于同一个意思，你会说和不会说，其产生的结果是完全不一样的，正所谓：说话是一门艺术。
而修辞，正是指提高语言表达效果而运用到的艺术。
在这里，笔者想明确一点，那就是：修辞不是简单地对语言文字进行修饰和加工，更不是刻意求工，给其涂脂抹粉，让其虚张声势。
提到修辞，人们往往会想到一个概念：修辞格。
所谓修辞格，即指在对语言进行修饰的过程中所形成的独具特色的、相对而言比较固定的语言格式，也称其为修辞方式、修辞手段、修辞方法或辞格。
修辞格一般具有以下特征：一是能生动形象地表意；二是具有独特的结构和规律；三是语言形式极为特殊。
二、修辞与文化的内在联系修辞与文化之间的内在联系是十分紧密的，不同的民族，拥有不同的文化，从而都有各具特色的审美观，这些审美观又可以通过语言表达出来。
语言是民族文化的载体，因此，修辞也可以展现一个民族的文化，修辞的风格正是一个民族的文化的体现。
汉语具有诸多方面的特点，利用这些特点，可以形成许多汉语所特有的修辞方法，如：声调的抑或扬可以形成平仄；许多单音节词可以形成押韵等。
另外，因为中国是一个历史悠久的文明古国，在五千多年的文明发展历史中，形成了丰富多彩的成语和典故，这些成语和典故使汉语变得言简意赅，独具极强的表意能力。
英汉语成语修辞与翻译Translation of Chinese Idioms and the rhetoric device概括地说,成语既是语言中的重要修辞手段,同时他们本身也是各种修辞手段的集中表现。
有的意思一望即明,有的意蕴隽永,有的含而不露、意在言外,有的可能包含几个意思。
恰当运用成语,对语言表达来说犹如画龙点睛,可以增加行文的风采,提高表述力。
但由于英汉语之间的社会文化的历史背景的差异和语言结构不同,往往给词语教学和翻译带来一定的困难。
通过对英汉成语从不同的角度进行比较,我们发现英汉成语有些是基本对应的,有些是部分对应,有些是根本不对应的。
所以,我们在理解和翻译处理时应有区别地对待。
英汉成语互译举例:1. 直译:有些成语在形、义和用法上全貌表现出来的直接采用直译的方法,如:a gentleman’s agreement君子协定; to play with fire玩火, to show one’s cards摊牌;We never know the worth of water till the well is dry. 井干方知水可贵;Blood is thicker than water; 血浓于水The bread of charity is bitter. 施舍的面包是苦的。
天下乌鸦一般黑,老狼都是吃肉的。
All crows are equally black, all wolves eat meat.A wolf in sheep’s clothing披着羊皮的狼。
2. 借译:英语和汉语都拥有丰富的成语。
有的汉语习语和英语同义习语在内容和形式上都符合,它们不但有相同的意义或隐义,并且有相同的及相类似的形象或比喻,翻译时,可以采取借用法。
An apple does not fall far from the apple tree. 落叶归根;Know something like the palm 了如指掌;有其父必有其子. Like father like sonhave one foot in the grave 风烛残年;Constant dripping wears the stone 滴水穿石;put the cart before the horse 本末倒置; ;six of one and half a dozen of the other. 半斤八两;The spirit is willing but the flesh is weak. 心有余而力不足;3. 意译: 在直译和借用汉语成语都不妥当时,我们只好牺牲原文引用习语的风格,配合上下文进行意译,以保持原作思想内容的完整性。
文法、逻辑、修辞与翻译文法决定译文“通不通”的问题；逻辑决定译文“对不对”的问题；修辞决定译文“好不好”的问题。
文法与翻译打好语言基础，狠抓基本功的训练。
The sentence fragmentA grammatically complete sentence has a verb with its subject. Structurally it must be an independent unit, capable of standing alone. Now this means simply that dependent units such as phrases, clauses, appositives and other such groups of words, are not sentences and should not be written as sentences. When any one of these dependent units is written and punctuated as a sentence it is called a sentence fragment.Example 1:Because we could see the obvious signs of destruction caused by the bomb here and there, which maintained the memory in people’s mind and let the misery and sadness everlasting.改正：去掉句首的Because或者小写because并在该词前加逗号，跟上句连起来。
Example 2:The basketball game was cancelled. Because half of the players were in bed with the flu. 改正：The basketball game was cancelled because half of the players were in bed with the flu.Example 3:Looking out toward the horizon, she saw only the old cabin in which Mary had been born.A single cottonwood that had escaped the drought. The apparently boundless expanse of sunburned prairie.改正：改标点符号Example 4:With the knowledge that, although the documents have been stolen, they have not yet been seen by a foreign agent.改正：We knew that…Example 5:She can quilt, remember the family tree so clearly, and never rejects their own culture. Whereas, Dee, once refused the quilts and never took her friends home.The run-on sentenceA run-on sentence or a fused sentence put together two or more sentences with no mark of punctuation between them. When two complete sentences run together with only a comma between them, it is called a comma splice.Example 1:In Hiro shima, people don’t want to mention the very thing, such as, you will have a pain in a scar that hasn’t healed completely, if someone touch it.改正：Example 2:Kimonos and miniskirts mixed in this city, and the traditional Japanese house and modern skyscrapers also co-exist in this city, they show that Hiroshima is thriving and developing rapidlyExample 3:However, she is lack of education, she is lack of confidence, she represents the bottom class people in the society.Example 4:She is lack of education and refinement, however, those does not prevent her from having an inherent understanding of heritage based on her love and respect for those who came before her.Example 5:These snakes are dangerous however, most snakes are quite harmless.改正：Example 6:The pollution became strategic and started to affect our human living, now we have to face the consequences.后置、前置、倒装“主语+谓语” 词序：word order英语的“正常词序”(normal order)或“自然词序”(natural order)除状语位置比较机动外，主语、谓语动词、宾语和补语的位置都是相对固定的。
