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中国传统文化在现代工业产品设计中的应用随着全球化的发展以及科技的进步，现代工业产品设计已经成为重要的创新领域。
在这个过程中，越来越多的设计师开始注重融入传统文化元素，以增加产品的独特性和文化底蕴。
中国作为一个历史悠久的文明古国，拥有丰富的传统文化资源，其元素在现代工业产品设计中的应用正逐渐受到重视并取得了一定的成果。
本文将从传统文化的定义、中国传统文化元素及其在现代工业产品设计中的应用等几个方面展开探讨。
首先，传统文化是一个广义的概念，它包括了古代的风俗习惯、宗教信仰、文学艺术、建筑风格等内容。
传统文化具有独特性、历史性和延续性，是一个民族的精神财富。
在现代社会，人们愈加重视传统文化的传承和发展，以此弘扬民族的文化自信和认同感。
中国传统文化是世界上最为悠久的文化之一，具有独特的特点和精髓。
其主要元素包括了儒家思想、道家哲学、佛家思想、传统建筑、书法绘画、传统服饰、园林艺术、茶道文化等。
这些元素体现了中国人的审美观念和价值观念，具有丰富的文化内涵和精神层面。
在现代工业产品设计中，中国传统文化元素得以广泛应用。
以传统建筑为例，传统的建筑风格和构造方式为现代建筑设计提供了灵感。
许多建筑师将传统的屋檐、斗拱、雕花等元素重新诠释，运用到现代建筑设计中，使建筑更具有中国特色和文化内涵。
同时，中国传统文化的哲学思想也在产品设计中得到了应用。
儒家思想的和谐之道、道家的空灵意境、佛家的慈悲主义等观念被融入产品设计中，使产品更加具有人文关怀和精神内涵。
此外，中国传统文化的艺术表现形式也对现代工业产品设计产生了重要影响。
传统的书法绘画、雕塑工艺、陶瓷技艺等艺术形式为产品设计提供了丰富的创作资源。
许多设计师将传统的艺术形式和工艺技巧融入产品设计中，使产品更加具有艺术性和审美价值。
例如，陶瓷工艺在现代工业产品设计中得到了广泛应用，许多产品采用中国传统的青花、釉彩等工艺，使产品更具独特性和观赏性。
另外，中国传统文化的节气文化也在现代工业产品设计中发挥了重要作用。
外文文献翻译(含：英文原文及中文译文)英文原文Germany Bauhaus design and Future Design TrendAbstractGerman Bauhaus had a significant influence on the modern design education, meanwhile, it established the foundation of the leading position in the world for German industrial design. Through analyzing on current industrial design conditions from different countries, art design is considered as the main part of industrial design. This paper reviewed the last 10 years’ development of industrial design program in Zhejiang University of Science and Technology. The industrial design program have taken considerable achievements in many fields, such as the practice of Germany model, disciplines construction, teaching reform, manufactures & college cooperation, project teaching and design competitions. And Y ou cannot ignore the industrial design ten trend Keywords: Bauhaus, industrial design, project teaching, practice , 10 Industrial Design Trends1. German Bauhaus and industrial designGerman Bauhaus Design and Future Design TrendsAbstractGerman Bauhaus has a significant influence. At the same time, modern design education laid the foundation for the world's leading German industrial design. By analyzing the current industrial design conditions in different countries, artistic design is considered as the main industrial design. This article reviews the process of developing industrial designs in the last 10 years. Industrial design programs have taken considerable success in many areas such as the German practice model, professional construction, teaching reform, collaboration between production and engineering colleges, teaching and design competitions and ten trends in industrial design that you cannot ignore.Key words: ten trends of Bauhaus, industrial design, project teaching, practice, industrial design1. German Bauhaus and Industrial DesignIn 1919, the school had built Bauhaus Weimar, Germany. This is known as the “cradle of world industrial design” and the history of this milestone art design. Bauhaus believes that the most important thing is to allow students to explore their own ways of designing, rather than teaching their teachers; to cultivate students' ability to think independently and critically, instead of putting certain design styles on them. Compared with other schools with similar design education, Bauhaus philosophy has a unique philosophy of education. It took a thorough reform of the traditional art design education system andestablished art design as a new professional discipline. At the same time, Walter Gropius, the founder of Bauhaus, put forward the "unified art and technology" as the leading design philosophy of education.One of Bauhaus's works is a general industrial product that actively purifies the form. Bauhaus stressed that the design of the product's shape should be based on basic geometric models such as cubes, squares, and circles. The form of the product, and outlined should be simple and varied in different ways and follow abstract forms of principles and aesthetics. Because of Bauhaus's bravery and active exploration and reform, he took a major influence on the formation of the modernist artistic style and enabled Bauhaus to design a world-class reputation. Therefore Bauhaus became a milestone in the history of modern design art.The American artist Jose Sinel first mentioned the industrial design of the term in 1919. However, in China, until 1983, the Ministry of Education had met the industrial design disciplines and sample major ordinary universities. The original name was "The main product formation was" students for the arts. In 1998, the national priority category was adjusted to be integrated into international conventions. The “major” product formation has long since focused on the human-product-environment relationship in the field of product morphology and other research. This name has replaced "industrial design" and some of the major schools for engineering and art education.Bauhaus has many top European artists during this time, such as Kandinsky and Kerry. They are famous abstract painters. Their teaching trains students and leads to Bauhaus's 20th-century art design. The most famous industrial designers such as Philip Starck behar Marc Newson and Maca graduated from the School of Art Design. Their success proves that industrial design education in art design education is effective. The product form design is still an important aspect. Industrial design in undergraduate industrial design research is currently an important part of the famous Art Design School.The Academy of Art and Design of the Norwegian Royal Academy of Arts, the University Politecnico Duisburg-Esse Milan, the applied sciences and arts of Hannover University (Hanover Industrial Design Division), all of whom belong to the School of Art and Design.According to a survey: the American Association of Industrial Designers (IDSA organized by the United States) in 1998, there are 49 colleges, which have industrial design undergraduate or graduate programs registered on the IDSA-sponsored list. Typical industrial design students are usually set up in art schools and can obtain bachelor degree or above, fine arts or related majors. Most people are accredited to the school NASAD (National Association of Arts and Design). Only 15 - schools are not certified. After five years o f IDSA’s announcement, only registered industrial design students can be recognized. Among them are37 industrial design majors in universities, 6 in design colleges, and 4 in art schools. This situation has not changed in the current year.Asia: In Japan, industrial design majors also set in art schools or independent industrial design faculties, such as Tokyo Zokei University, Musashino Art University, Tama Art University, and University of Tsukuba etc. In Hongkong, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University has famous industrial design programs. In Taiwan, Shih Chien University, National Cheng Kung University, National Yunlin University of Science & Technology have famous industrial design programs. In mainland of China, Jiangnan University, Tsinghua University, Hunan University, Tongji University and the Guangzhou academic of fine arts all have their industrial design departments in the art design schools or departments.2 10 Industrial Design Trends Y ou Can't Ignore2.1 Design For A CauseCompanies including Herman Miller and American Apparel are promoting their ideals through design. Y ves Béhar's leaf lamp for Herman Miller (shown) uses a biomorphic grid of LEDs, which consume 40% percent less energy than fluorescent lights and last for 100,000 hours. And Nike plans to make its entire footwear line out of sustainable materials by 2010.2.2 SimplexitySteve McCallion, executive creative director of Portland, Ore.-basedindustrial design firm Ziba Design, says there's a trend toward "simplexity," products that have many functions but are approachable, ergonomically correct and easy to use--like Apple's iPhone. The baby boomers have also propelled simplexity; as the generation ages, the need for easy-to-use, at-home medical equipment becomes greater. Ami V erhalen, director of industrial design at Madison, Wis.-based Design Concepts, says that in-home health care will be a huge driver for product innovation in the upcoming decade.2.3 PersonalizationFrom Nike ID shoes to Build-a-Bear teddies, retailers are adding a "build your own" element to brands. Do it yourself--or DIY--serves as an important element of this trend. Publications like Ready Made magazine and books like designer Wendy Mullin's Sew U encourage consumers to put their own spin on things.2.4 GlobalizationLike other industries, outsourcing has affected international design. Today a designer in Delhi might be working with a manufacturer in Columbus. Steve McCallion says that the globalization of product design has created Internet communities that enable more people to participate in the design process. Companies like Kid Robot can employ toy designers from Tokyo to Tucson with greater ease than ever.2.5 OrnamentationIn fashion design, we're seeing a return to minimalism, but in home decor, ornate details are in fashion. For the first time in decades, wallpaper is in fashion, and the details are rich--brocades, velvets and jewel-tone colors. Long-forgotten textile designers like Florence Broadhurst and V era Neumann are receiving attention from a new generation of design-savvy consumers.2.6 Polarization Of DesignBig-box or luxury retailer? Many experts say that design has been polarized, with innovative products available at both the very high end (Neiman Marcus, Moss) and the very low end (Target, Ikea). Meanwhile, midrange retailers like Macy's suffer from lack of fresh, on-trend ideas. That isolates the huge chunk of the population that can afford something higher-end than the $200 Malm bed at Ikea but scoff at the price of a $16,000 Hastens mattress.2.7 Pink DesignGadgets are a guy's game, right? Not if you consider the latest products with feminine mystique. Motorola released a lipstick pink Razr cellphone, and more recently, LG released a Prada phone. More and more manufacturers are creating sleeker, feminized versions of their clunky, chunky products, and both men and women are biting. Want proof of the feminization of product design? Just check out , which rates several items a day as "Geek chic" or "Just Plain Geeky."2.8 Mass ImperfectionSome designers are creating intentionally flawed pieces, like designer Jason Miller's duct tape chair or Bodum's Pavina glassware collection, which uses mouth-blown double-walled glass, giving each piece a slight variation in height, thickness and weight. Whiskered and weathered textiles--on denim as well as furniture and tapestries--are more recognizable examples of intentional imperfection in production.2.9 CraftAs mass retailers like Target become more design-focused, there's a countertrend of independent manufacturers and designers creating one-off, heirloom pieces. Where to find these limited-edition treasures? Artisan e-commerce sites like , classical craft companies like Heath Ceramics and modernist design houses such as Design Within Reach.2.10 Focus On The Other 90%Anthony Pannozzo, vice president of design strategy at Waltham, Mass.-based firm Herbst LaZar Bell, says that well-designed products are available to only 10% of the world's population. However, more and more designers are starting to cater to consumers in Africa, Asia and Latin America.中文译文德国包豪斯设计与未来设计趋势摘要德国包豪斯有显著的影响, 与此同时, 现代设计教育奠定了基础, 它处于世界领先地位的德国工业设计。
李雁飞工设 10011011033010参考文献Future of Automotive Design &Materials 汽车设计与材料的未来Trends and Developments in Design and Materials 设计与材料的趋势与发展(译by李雁飞Renault Zoe Z.E. 雷诺 Zoe Z.E.Jan Willem van der Wiel Senior Consultant ATC 高级顾问 ATCKo-finanziert durch die EuropäischeUnion (EFREDie europäischeKommission investiert in Ihre ZukunftTABLE OF CONTENTS 目录TABLE OF CONTENTS 目录 2 1INTRODUCTION 介绍 3 2CURRENT SITUATION 现状 4 2.1Design 设计 4 2.1.1International 国际 4 2.1.2Design in The Netherlands 荷兰的设计 5 2.2Materials 材料 6 2.2.1International 国际 6 2.2.2Materials in The Netherlands 荷兰的材料 92.3Design &Materials 设计与材料 93FUTURE PERSPECTIVE 未来展望 10 3.1Design by Tiers 10 3.2Design trends 设计方向 10 3.2.1Inspired by nature 自然灵感 11 3.2.2Floating elements 113.2.3Sculpted surfaces 镂空表面 11 3.2.4Individuality 个性 12 3.2.5Femininity 女性化12 3.3.6Electric drive 电子驾驶 12 3.3.7Light design 灯光设计 123.3Materials 材料 13 3.3.1Intelligent materials 智能材料 13 3.3.2New conductive materials 新导体 14 3.3.3Materials for energy storage 能量存储物质 15 3.4Design&Materials 设计与材料 15 3.4.1Sustainability 耐受程度 15 3.4.2Downsizing 193.4.3Cost down 193.4.4Rapid manufacturing 高速制造 194RELEVANCE FOR THE DUTCH INDUSTRY 与荷兰工业的相关性 19 References:参考 211INTRODUCTION 介绍Design and Materials are two different worlds and still strongly related. Each very different in their being and both equally important in shaping the physical world around us. Design creates products and products are made of materials. Design gives functions to products and materials are chosen and formed to best incorporate those functions. Design can also relate to graphics and the virtual world observed on displays or advanced visualization techniques. This trend study however focuses on Design of the physical world, shaped in 3D. And since this trend study originates from the Automotive Technology Centre the subject of this focus is on automotive products 设计和材料是两个不同的世界,仍然密切相关。
中国传统先进造物思想对现代设计的启示首先，中国传统先进造物思想强调物与人的和谐。
中国古代的先进造物思想强调人与自然环境的和谐共生，提倡顺应自然的规律，而不是人为干涉和破坏。
这一思想对现代设计具有重要的启示。
在现代设计过程中，我们应该注重保护环境、减少资源的浪费，创造出能满足人们需求的设计作品，同时又不破坏自然生态平衡。
其次，中国传统先进造物思想注重实用性和可持续发展。
中国古代的先进造物思想非常实用，追求功能性和寿命的延长，尊重物品的使用价值。
这与现代设计中强调的可持续发展思想相吻合。
现代设计应该关注产品的寿命和可持续发展，避免“一次性”使用的文化，追求产品的耐用性，减少资源的浪费，降低环境的负担。
第三，中国传统先进造物思想注重审美和品质。
中国古代的先进造物思想不仅追求实用性，更注重审美的表达和作品的品质。
现代设计也强调审美价值，注重作品的设计感和品位。
受到中国传统先进造物思想的启发，现代设计应该更加关注审美的追求，为人们提供更加美好的生活体验。
最后，中国传统先进造物思想鼓励创新和发展。
中国古代的先进造物思想不仅整合了先进的制造技术，还融入了创新的思维方式。
这一思想对现代设计具有积极的影响。
现代设计需要不断创新和发展，跳出传统的束缚，尝试新的设计理念和创造方式，为社会提供更具创造力的设计作品。
总的来说，中国传统先进造物思想对现代设计具有重要的启示。
它强调物与人的和谐，注重实用性和可持续发展，关注审美和品质，鼓励创新和发展。
这些思想为现代设计提供了宝贵的经验和智慧，对于我们推动现代设计走向更加可持续和有价值的方向具有重要的指导作用。
中华传统对你的设计的影响英语作文In the realm of design, the influence of Chinese tradition is profound and indispensable. As a designer, I have found that the rich tapestry of Chinese culture offers a vast palette of inspiration, shaping not only the aesthetic but also the philosophical underpinnings of my work.The visual vocabulary of Chinese tradition, encompassing calligraphy, painting, and architecture, among others, is a constant source of inspiration for my designs. The elegant simplicity of calligraphy, for instance, has taught me the value of restraint and clarity in communication. The dynamic flow of ink on paper inspires me to create designs that are both dynamic and harmonious. Similarly, the intricate details and vibrant colors of Chinese paintings influence my approach to color schemes and patterns, encouraging me to experiment with combinations that are both visually arresting andculturally relevant.Beyond aesthetics, the philosophical principles of Chinese culture have a profound impact on my designphilosophy. The concept of "harmony" with nature and the universe, for instance, guides my approach to sustainable design. It reminds me to consider the environmental impactof my work, striving to create designs that are not just visually appealing but also environmentally responsible.The emphasis on balance and symmetry in Chinese culturealso informs my design decisions, leading me to create compositions that are harmonious and well-balanced.The influence of Chinese tradition is not limited to visual elements and philosophical principles. The rich stories and symbols embedded in Chinese culture alsoprovide a wealth of inspiration for my designs. The dragon, a symbol of power and good luck in Chinese culture, has become a recurring motif in my work, representing thefusion of traditional and modern elements. Similarly, the stories of ancient Chinese heroes and legends inspire me to create designs that are both narrative and symbolic.In conclusion, the influence of Chinese tradition on my design is profound and multifaceted. It shapes my aesthetic sensibilities, philosophical approach, and creative process, encouraging me to create designs that are not just visuallyappealing but also culturally relevant and environmentally responsible. As a designer, I am constantly drawing inspiration from the rich tapestry of Chinese culture, finding new ways to incorporate its elements and principles into my work.**中华传统对我的设计的影响**在设计的领域里，中华传统的影响深远且不可或缺。
工业设计论文范文工业设计英文论文中国元素在工业设计中的运用研究摘要：工业设计是一种文化活动。
在人类文明高度发达并继续发展的时代，工业设计与人类文化结合的趋势更加显著。
设计要依靠民族符号来表现设计的思维方式和理念。
从这个角度说，工业设计是纯粹状态化的文化层次上的民族语言。
设计中文化的回归是为了有目的地创造和前进，这种目的性就体现在人文精神对造物的关注上。
文化之所以为文化，是因为其自身的传承性，大部分优秀的精华保存下来得以继承，新的创造在旧有的基础上萌发，人类文明就以这样的方式继续发展着。
关键词：工业设计中国元素图腾装饰应用设计是时代精神的反映，同时代的风气和美学尽在设计中倒映出来。
艺术设计将人类的精神意志体现在造物中，造物则实现人们的物质文化生活方式的具体创造，而生活方式就是文化的载体。
最近几年，在工业设计领域，中国元素越来越多地得以应用。
祥云、龙、青花瓷、中国红等都成为设计界的热门符号。
2008年8月8日第29届奥林匹克运动会开幕式的成功，让中国第一次在集中的时空里，全方位高强度地展现了中国传统文化，全球几十亿目光同时聚焦在中国，让“中国元素”在世界面前展示得淋漓尽致。
卷轴造型、祥云图案、中国红等传统元素被完美地运用在与奥运相关的产品设计中，这些中国语言的文化符号所体现的正是中国文化几千年来凝聚的观念和精神。
在产品设计中加载的民族传统文化符号即传达着此产品所涵盖的文化和精神。
一个民族的审美观，是与其生活的特定环境及环境所引起的社会意识分不开的。
在五六十万年前的石器时代，先民所打制的石制工具与自然存在的未加雕琢的石头基本没有差别，更谈不上形成民族传统文化。
当人类社会有了第一次进化，民族与社会意识不断地得到增强，人们在制造工具的同时，才或多或少地融进了本民族对美的看法。
中国商朝的青铜器，雕刻着一些有棱有角的花纹，造型狰狞或者怪异，这与人们长期以来对鬼神的崇拜是分不开的。
而在同一时期的古罗马帝国，他们的青铜器或建筑，上面的雕刻内容却由神为人，把鬼神具体化为统治者及拥有人类外形的神。
中英文外文翻译文献原文：DESIGN and ENVIRONMENTProduct design is the principal part and kernel of industrial design. Product design gives uses pleasure. A good design can bring hope and create new lifestyle to human.In spscificity,products are only outcomes of factory such as mechanical and electrical products,costume and so on.In generality,anything,whatever it is tangibile or intangible,that can be provided for a market,can be weighed with value by customers, and can satisfy a need or desire,can be entiled as products.Innovative design has come into human life. It makes product looking brand-new and brings new aesthetic feeling and attraction that are different from traditional products. Enterprose tend to renovate idea ofproduct design because of change of consumer's lifestyle , emphasis on individuation and self-expression,market competition and requirement of individuation of product.Product design includes factors of society ,economy, techology and leterae humaniores.Tasks of product design includes styling, color, face processing and selection of material and optimization of human-machine interface.Design is a kind of thinking of lifestyle.Product and design conception can guide human lifestyle . In reverse , lifestyle also manipulates orientation and development of product from thinking layer.With the development of science and technology ,more and more attention is paid to austerity of environmental promblems ,such as polluting of atmosphere,destroy of forest, soilerosion,land desertification, water resource polluting, a great deal of species becaming extinct,exhansting of petroleum , natural gas and coal and so on . A designer should have a strong consciousness of protecting environment and to make his\her design to be based on avoiding destroying environment and saving natural recourse.Nowadays ,greenhouse effects,destroyed ozone layers and acid rain are three global environmental questions.Greenhouse effect is phenomena of the atmosphere becoming warmer . The forming principle of greenhouse effect is that the Sun shortwave radiation can penetrate into ground through atmosphere ,long wave radiation emitted from ground after ground is warmed ,is absorbed by carbon dioxide of atmosphere , and then atmosphere gets warmer.The carbon dioxide in the atmosphere changes the earth to a large greenhouse like a thick layer of glass . Methane ,ozone,chlorine,Fluorine, hydrocarbon and aqueous vapor also make some contribution to greenhouse effects. With rapid increase of population and rapid development of industry ,more and more carbon dioxide of atmosphere enters into atmosphere. Because forest is cun down in a large amount also ,carbon dioxide increases gradally ,and the greenhouse effects are strengthened constantly .The results of the greenhouse effects are very serious. The great changes will take place in the natural ecology ,such as desert expanding ,land corroding aggravating, forest retreating to the polarregion, calamity of drought and waterlog serious and rainfall increasing. The temperate zone will be wetter in water and will be droughtier in summer . Tropical zone will become wetter and subtropical zone will become more arid . All of these above will forces the existing irrigation works to be adjusted. Coastal regions will be threatened seriously .Because the temperature is rising , ice-cubes will be melted at the two poles so to the sea level will be rising and a lot of cities and ports will be submerged.The ozone layer destroyed shocked academia and the wholeinternational aommunity .American scientists,Monila and Rowland , pointed out that it is human activities bring ozone hole of today . arch-criminal that we now well know is freon and Kazakhstan dragon.Acid rain has already become a kind of air pollution phenomenon in extensive range,crossing over national boundaries at present. Acid rain destroys soil, makes lake acid and endangers growing of abimals and plants. It also stimulates people's skin, brings out the skin disease, causes lung hydronces, lung harden ,and corrodes the metal product,paint ,leather, fabrics and building with carbonate .In a word , the environment of human life has already worsened day by day. The reasons of the worsening mostly come from the human own bad life style, disrespecting the objective law, eager for quick success,use of the earth resource without scientific plan ,and lack of consciousness pratecting the environment in design . So they destroy home by themselves,which not only harm human on contemporary, but also seriously influence existence of descendants.The environmental question is caused by people's bad design and life style to a great extent , which puts forward a serious question for a designer that designers should undertake the historical important task of environment protection.Industry has brought the disaster to world while creates a large amount of wealth for mankind . Industry design has accelerated theconsumpition of the resource and energy resource and has caused enormous destruction to the ecological balance of the earth while creating modern life style and living environment for mankind.So as industry designers, setting up environmental awareness incarnates their morals and social sense of responsibility. Designers must be responsible for their own designs, and must take human health and blessedness , and harmonically coexisting of nature with the human as the rules necessarily obeyed in their own design.Designers must also master the necessary knowledege in material, craft, chemical industry, manufacturing,ect.,in order to be possible for avoiding to danger to environment causing by his design.The concept of "Sustainable development design"has epoch-maling meanings of humanity and real development of the world .It reflects the designer's morals and responsibility , and has already become the trend of designing development in the 21st century .Hence ,mankind's development made of traditional industrial civilization was turned to one of the modern ecological civilization. It is the coordination of social progress,economic growth and environmental protestion.Sustainable development is a kind concept of brand-new ethics,morals and values that people should follow. Its essence lies in fully utilizing the modern science and technongy ,exploiting green resources ,development constantly, impelling harmonious developmentbetween human and nature and pramoting inter-harmony of population ,resource and environment .Solving the problem of sustainable development is a change of technological innovation and behavior made.Sustainable development strategy is to solve the problem of meeting contemporary people's demands in maximum under the precondition of un-hurting several generations' demands of the future . It will realize the unity of the present interests and long-term interest and leave the development space for descendants.The question of the strategic consideration of sustainable development should include circulation, green energy and ecological efficiency.Green design comes from introspection on environmental and ecological disruption caused by design of modern technology and culture. Green design focuses on the balance relation of persons and natural ecology . Designers should consider the environmental benefits at every decision of the disign process, and try their best to reduce the destruction to environment.For industry design, the core of green design is "3R",namely Reduce,Recycle and Reuse.It is necessary not only to reduce consunption of substance and energy sources,and reduce letting of harmful substance,but also to classified reclaim, recycle and reuse products andparts conveniently.Green design is not only technical ,but also an innovative idea. It requires designer to give up some rat-fuck method excessively emphasizing at the style of products, and to focus on the real innovative. He or she would design the form of the products with more responsible method and make the products lengthen their wervice life as much as possible through succinct and permanent modeling.For materials,stock and regeneration of raw materials, consumption and pollution of environmental energy during obtaining materials,machining performance in follow-up manufacturing,low consumption and low pollution of energy ,and reclaimable during discarded should be considered.Problems of manufacturing are that pollution should be reduced or died out during beginning of manufacturing.Consideration on packing, transporting , sale, ect. is meant the environmental performance of packaging, green packing ,good performance of transportation ,decreasing self weight , reducing energy consumption , localized production and reducing consimption of work flow.Consideration on the use of product concerns with waste of energy and resources while produces are used , the modularization of environmental performance , recombined ability , and the mades of using product while products are renewed , as well as other factors.Easy disassembled feature , convenient decomposition and classification , reclaaimable and reusable features of materials, and recombined feature of parts or removes for other use should all be considered during the period while products are renewed , as well as other factors.Easy disassembled feature, convenient decomposition and classification , reclaimable and reusable features of materials, and recombined feature of parts or removed for other use should all be considered during the period while products are discarded .Clean energy souces should be Considered , such as solar ernergy , water, electricity and wind power .Clean materials concern with low pollution , innocuity, disaggregation and reclaimable . Clean manufacturing process is meant production with energy saving and environment protection while used, and reclaimable while discarded.Regeneration and reuse of parts are powerful measure of sustainable strategy. The fact has proved that through disassembly and analysis the proportion of reusable material would be higher after improving design and retread.For example , in a scrap car , metal meterial accounts for 80%.Among them , nonferrous metal accounts for 3%~4.7%. 45%of output of steel comes from scrap steeel in world and 25% output of steel comes from scrap steel in our country.Product Lifecycle Management is meant all life course of product from people's demand for product to be washed out , including the main stages of demand analysis, praduct planning , conceptual design , produce design , digitized simulation, proceess preparation , process planning,production testing and quaality control , sell and distribution, use \maintaining and maintain, as well as scrap and reclaiming . Advanced management idea and first-class information technology are taken into industrial and commercial operation in modern enterprises , which makes enterprises be able to adjust management means and management ways effectively in digital economic era , inoder to exert enterprise's unprecedented competition advantage . Helping enterprise to carry on products innovation , to win the market , and to obtain additional profit would improve the value of the enterprise products.译文：设计与环境产品设计是工业设计的主体和核心。
Modern Industrial Design1.Procedures of Modern Industrial DesignIndustrial Design is a whole process from the market investigation and analysis, through the concept design and detail design, to manufacturing, packaging, advertisement and sells.The followings describe each phase:1.1 Market Investigation and AnalysisFirst, designers should acquire the products of enterprise and the situation of company's industry and customers, and decide the problem to be solved.①Market investigating and information collection and analysis.②Finding the problem that the enterprises need to solve.③Starting to research the competitive products.④Locating the products in the market. Result; Deciding the project plan.1.2 Design Conceiving-Conceptual DesignThe work core during this period is to dream up. The design company analyzes and summarizes the information and materials obtained from the last period, and then provide the innovative solution.①Creating a concept, innovation and imagination, making primarily several conceptive designs, considering the workers and environment at the same time, and presenting design drafts.②Comparing and analyzing the schemes above, and selecting 2-3 optional design schemes.③valuating and validating the schemes from ②, including:the target function,costs and economics,styles and colors of product,manufacturability,acceptability of market consumers.Result: determining the conceptual design scheme.1.3 Detailed DesignDesigning each component and assemble in details, including style, color and environment of products.Providing a complete set of drawings, from design drawing to engineering drawings, or digital design schemes.Result: Finally determining the design scheme.1.4 Design Submission and Prototype MakingBased on the determined design scheme of products, laying out the detailed manufacturing plan.①Submitting the final design scheme.②Determining the specification and techniques required during the production.③Measuring and computing the costs of materials and manufacturing.④Working out the machining process.⑤ Manufacturing the models or prototype making.⑥Judging the prototype machine.Result: Determining the productivity and putting into production.1.5 Batch ManufacturingDuring this period, the design company helps the manufacturers organize production, as well as optimize the manufacturing techniques.①Corresponding workers and facility management.②Die manufacturing and facility installing.③Establishing assemble description and production plan, and making the quality standardization.④Batch production.Result: Products are put into the market.1.6 Products Get into the Market①Product packaging.②Making the propagandist^ strategy of products in the market and advertisement producing.③Distribution strategy and ways of products.Result; New products make the huge economic benefits and drive the market improving.2.Modern Industrial Design and Marketing2.1 Analysis of Market RequirementsTraditional marketing method focuses on making up an environment to attract consumers, but not be able to offer more complete and further information. Ne w methods, in a way, capacitate the team members to understand the social behaviors better, also to foresee the product focus and trends of consumers. These methods require members to do research and to investigate the potential users more deeply.Some methods for deep research on users are:(1) Scenario DevelopmentA certain scenario or story for some typical users in the targeted activity is set up to narrate that the lack of product would make their activity harder or less fulfilling. This narrative can make team members to understand the basic situation of the users, to determine the target users and to go on to the next process.(2) New Product EthnographyTraditional ethnography is a form of cultural anthropology using fieldwork to observe the group and derive patterns of behavior, belief, and activity. The product ethnography is new developed form of ethnography. The method used in product development is a blend of the traditional methods with new emerging technology for observing, recording, and analyzing social situations. It is not merely descriptive but also predictive. The ethnography can be implied to the initial process of product development. The product ethnography can be used to predict consumer preferences for product features, form, material, color, and patterns of use and purchase , so to help determining the qualities that products should possess.(3) Lifestyle ReferenceMany successful products have formed new styles and trends in markets and are directing the fashion styles in design as well. Lifestyle Reference approach is to do the design with reference to other products, fashions and activities from the target market.(4) ErgonomicsIn order to gain a better understanding on the comfort of product for users, the ergonomically methods can be used to analyze man-machine interaction and detailed task.Teams translate all the information gained by means of all the methods above into the indications and carry them out through the whole design process.2.2 Concept of Value in ProductsIf a product is useful, usable and desirable to customers, and has strong influence on lifestyle impact, availability and ergonomics, it is valuable to customers. Good value is no longer based on more functions created with the lowest cost. Value in its true sense, however, is lifestyle-driven, not cost-driven. The emphasized attributes of the products are the terms of usefulness, usability and desirability. If the price needs to rise up, the value of the product has to increase at the same time. At the moment, the customers can accept the rising price based on the rising value. If the product does not add value, then as a commodity with higher cost it will fail in the market.2.3 Analysis of Value OpportunityValue can be broken down into specific attributes that contribute to a product's usefulness, usability, and desirability, and it is these attributes that connect a product's function features to that value.(1) Value OpportunitiesValue Opportunities are a set of opportunities to add value to a product. Value Opportunities can be represented as seven classes of value attributes; Emotion, aesthestics , identity, ergonomics, impact, core technology, and quality; each relates with the product's feature of usefulness, usability and desirability, and contributes to changing the product's value. The concept and analysis approach were also first brought forward by Professor Jonathan Cagan and Professor Craig M. Vogel of Carnegie Mellon University and have been widely applied in schools and corporations.The contents of the value attributes see chart below;(2) Value Opportunity ChartsWe use the Value Opportunity to analyze the value opportunity of the product. Each attribute of product is qualitatively measured with ranges of low, medium and high. When the product meets some level of the attribute, a line is drawn for that.The Value Opportunity Charts can help teams to understand what Value Opportunity attributes the product team targeted and how well the product turned out. In the Value Opportunity Analysis ( VOA) , this new V0s8 chart is compared either with the chart of old product or with the chart of competitive products, so that designers can find which attribute aspects of our products have increased the value or how it can be to achieve abetter solution.(3) Ways to Increase ProfitIn order to position the product, increasing of the product's value must lead to a higher cost, which can be compensated by some ways such as increasing the price and the sold quality.The Map of Price and Cost Figure ( P57 ) shows that a profit increases with added value of product, i. e. , the profit margin is significantly higher for the higher-valued product.Four ways to increase profits are;①To increase the value of product-the profit increases according to the rising of value, so we can say that high-valued product brings in high profit.②To increase the price-Remarkably, to customers, the additional price for product should be accorded with the added value and should have the appropriate profit.③To establish strong brand equity, and thus to win customers-when the trust of brand is built up in the mind of customers, a long-ranged fixed users group will also be established, which leads to a higher quantity of product sale.④To lay the lower price than the competitive price for gaining the advantage of price and a strong share of the market. The product's costs can be reduced through the scientific and efficient design mean so that the costs will not be highly increased at the same time when the product's value has been increased greatly.With the methods above, the products with the characteristics of usefulness, usabilityand desirability can achieve a better market place and gain a better profit.现代工业设计1.现代工业设计的程序工业设计是一个从市场调研和分析开始，经过概念设计和细节设计，到加工制作，再到包装、广告和销售的全过程。
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毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译学院：机械工程学院专业：工业设计姓名： xxxxx学号： xxxx 外文出处：Design Implications ofProduct LiablityBy J.G Roche附件： 1.外文资料翻译译文；2.外文原文。
附件1：外文资料翻译译文产品责任制为设计带来的启示产品使用的舒适性不是根据设计者、制造商或者零售商自身的需求作为设计标准的，而是根据使用者的需要进行设计的。
Juran等人就将以下内容作为主要舒适性能的判断参数—产品设计质量—产品的适用性—特定性能—适用领域的服务性设计质量是在指在一项设计中所针对的三个分别独立的步骤：(1)满足使用舒适性的构成要素；(2)产品或服务的设计观念的选择，需要满足使用者对必要功能的需要；(3) 如果可以严格执行将已确定的产品设计观念融入到一系列具体的设计规范中这一理念，那么就会满足使用者的需求。
Juran将四个和使用舒适性相关的使用参数以及它们彼此的关系进行了归纳总结，正如表一所示。
而所设计产品的好坏会受到市场调查效果的影响。
产品的好坏的标准可能是很模糊的，而对于设计师或者是一个设计团队而言就有必要将不完整的市场信息列出一个设计理念框架进行研究。
市场上对生产设施的可用性和它们的承载能力的了解是必不可少的，因为对这一过程的了解和生产息息相关。
但工人们都有这种必要的技能吗？什么样的材料可用而它们的成本是多少？是否是人们依据预期的售价对成本估计过高？许多工程材料的可靠性和可维护性的基本性能还没确定，因此备件的应急使用能力对许多产品可能是至关重要的。
而产品适用领域的服务性也同样具有重要意义。
严格的产品责任的落实这些因素影响了使用的舒适性而且应该在设计师的设计中得到体现，可是设计师们在他们的设计工作中有多少成功的满足了这一要求呢？在过去的20年里消费者运动的大规模增长反映了消费者对产品以及服务的不满。
工业设计专业外文翻译--中国传统思想对现代工业设计的启示（可编辑）工业设计专业外文翻译--中国传统思想对现代工业设计的启示外文原文The Enlightenment of Traditional Chinese Ideologieson Modern Industrial DesignAbstract: The 21st century is a century of design. Industrial design has entered people’s daily life as an effective method of planning more reasonable conduct of life for people, which plays a very important role in coping with the relationship between humans, society and environment. Traditional Chinese ideology has a profound influence on China’s antique utensils and architecture. Meanwhile, it hasprovided sources of ideas for modern industrial design. Itintegrated many traditional ideologies of creation art including mental concepts, value systems, standards of conduct and ethnic styles and features together with the design concepts, modes of thinking and social fads, with which to take the form of a set of design ideas which is possessed of native ethnic cultural characteristics based on elegance & utility.Keywords: traditional Chinese ideology; creation art;industrial designTraditional Chinese cultural ideology has always been blending, spreading and developing in the long-term social practice of the Chinese and the summarization and refining process of all previous Chinese thinkers and it has already become the basic spirit that stands proudly in the family of nations. Such Chinese ideologies of creation art as “man is an integral part of nature” and “utensils are meant to convey truth” have provided referential and inheritable spiritual treasur y for modern design. China’s industrial design should keep on innovating while maintaining cultural continuity thereby meeting the spiritual & material demands of the people of thenew era. According to literature available and investigations into material objects, the following fundamental features of traditional Chinese ideology can be summarized:The foundation of traditional Chinese ideology “system of Chinese rites & music”In the history of Chinese culture, as a kind of obstinatefeudal ethics & concepts,Chou Kung’s system of Chinese rites & music has a profound impacton the spiritual outlook of Chinese culture as well as the formation of basic aesthetic standards. Immemorial totem singing & dancing and mediumistic rites were getting more and more complete and finally became divided. In the times of Western Zhou Dynasty, the rulers of this dynasty represented by Chou Kung inherited and perfected this andfinally systematically established a fixed system related to Chineserites & music. The system of Chinese rites & music is bound up with aesthetics. The first is “rites”. Rites are a general reference to a set of rites of sacrifice, daily life, military and politics. Their fundamental features are that they make compulsory requirements, restrictions and control of individuals in terms of extrinsic behavior, activities, movements and appearances. Via restrictions on codes of individual conduct, the stability and unity of groups and organizations are guaranteed. The core of the system of “rites” sign ifies that the reigning crux has shifted from“deity” domination to the emperor, which confirms the important institutional alteration from the collegiality of aristocracy groups to autocratic monarchy. However, influencedby the system of “rites”, the t raditional Chinese system ofcreation art was taking shape and evolving further in the form of materialization.The system of “rites” is the restriction and standard of people’s daily conduct, which involves the aspects of perceptual forms of appearances, movements and patterns and so on as an expression of materialization. This aspect is relevant to “pulchritude”. Chinese rites and music include formalized requirements for a series of sequences such as various kinds of movements, conduct, expressions, apparel and colors and so on. In terms of the combination relationship of utensils, there are very clear reflections of this on bronze wares. In Zhou Dynasty, cooking vessels was substituted for drinking vessels assacrificial vessels, and inscriptions recording feats and conferring titles of nobility on somebody started to turn up the utensils, thereby declaring and intensifying the strength of monarchs’ and aristocrats’ benevolence and benefaction. On that basis, “Nine ding” system ofrigid hierarchies came into being gradually. Hierarchical differences were embodied by progressive decreases in order in “Nine ding and eight gui”.Influenced by the system of Chinese rites & music, hues of ancient creation art became symbolic emotional elaboration besides a simple visual and perceptual form. The hue concepts and sequences of the hierarchy of China’s ancient society are greatly embodied in architecture and apparel. Yellow tiles and red walls were mostly used to build imperial palaces of royal households and aristocrats, while their apparel gave priority to the hues of red and yellow. Meanwhile, ordinary residential houses were usually built with black bricks and black tiles, and the civilians’ apparel was mainly made of cloth of blue, brown or other colors. What’s more, there were strictrestrictions on the colors of officials’ dress, which meansdifferent ranks of officials differed from one another in the styles, hues, materials and trappings of their dress. The yellow color of imperial robes was regarded as t he exclusive color of emperors’ dress, and the system of costumes was a ranking system based on colors.In the ancient society, however noble or humble someone was, he or she was definitely graded, and creation art was the materialmanifestation for hierarchy. From material to varieties and frompatterns to mixing colors, there weredifferences between the noble and the humble, which was unbridgeable. Therefore, the system of Chinese rites & music is the core of China’ thousands of years’ political system s, and this concept is deeply stamped with the brand by China’s traditional system of creation art. There were always patterns which stood for some meaning on traditional Chinese utensils, thereby systematizing utensils via the system of Chinese rites & music so that the combination relationship, ornaments, connotations and functions of utensils could form a system of a deep-going structure of significance.The traditional Chinese ideology “man is an integral part ofnature”“Man is an integral part of nature” is an important ideologyraised during the development of traditional Chinese culture, and this reflects harmonious outlooks on society and nature. This ideology is embodied in Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism. The ethic sequence of Confucianism is Jade Emperor, Yama, monarchs, relatives and teachers, which illustrated the sovereignty of Jade Emperor and Yama. Thus, Confucius put forward the ideologies of “harmony is the most precious”, “joy aims at harmony” and “seeking harmony withoutuniformity”. This proposed the interpersonal harmony and theharmony of people and society in the value of ethics. It is written in Yizhuan that “as heaven revolves, gentlemen should strive to improvethemselves…the greatest morality in the world is cherishing life”. It is written in Taoism that“people emulate earth, the earth emulates heaven, heaven emulates the ethics, and the ethics emulate nature.” As the main successor of Laozi, Zhuangzi proposed his concept of “heaven-human-ethics”, which supplemented Laozi’s c onceptof “harmony”. Zhuangzi’s basic creed is that “I coexist with heaven and earth, and all things on earth and I prove to be one.” In terms of “heaven and earth are of indescribable magnificence”, heaven refers to nature here. Therefore, Confucianism a dvocates “natural humanization”, while what Zhuangzi recommended is actually “naturalization of humans.” The former talks about “man is an integral part of nature”, which describes and complies with human affairs by means of nature. The concept of “man is an integral part to nature” which was raised by Zhuangzi indicates that the relation between people and heaven is not antagonistic and running counter to natural laws is not advised. This emphasizes that humans must give up their sociality so that their naturalitywill not be stained and they will integrate naturally with the universe. This sort of world outlook can help people regard everything with a lenient attitude and observe the objects which will be remoulded with the spirit of diversified harmonious coexistence and the mind of bemoaning the state of the universe and pitying the fate of humankind. Finally, nature and humans can coexist harmoniously.The traditional concept of “man is an integral part of nature” is not only a concept of long prevalence in Chineseaesthetics and artistic creation, but also an aesthetical principleall Chinese artists of past dynasties abided by. Based on this principle, the ancients took the utility relationship with the natural environment into account first when examining production practice of constructionand handicrafts. Traditional Chinese utensils emulated natural laws and applied such laws to utensil designing. It is recorded in Kao kung chi which was written during the Spring & Autumn Period and the WarringSt ates Period that “Making utensilsrequires conforming to weather, adapting to geographic elements,high-quality material and ingenuous craftsmanship. Only with these four elements can fine utensils be made”Thereof, “weather, geography and material” proc eed fromcharacteristics which comply with natural laws, and“craftsmanship” refers to the process and manufacture of forms and shapes of utensils, which gives prominence to people’s subjective initiative during the manufacture process. Only when work of nature and manual work are combined can fine utensils be made. This is a kind of concept of creation art and such concept respects nature and material, thus to integrate humans, utensils and nature.Creation art relies heavily on nature. In ancient China, metal, wood, water, fire and earth were regarded as five basic material elements that constitute the world, and thus the concept of five elements was formed.Pottery made of natural clay was the utensils used most in people’sdaily life in ancient China. During the manufacture process, theancients gradually grasped the natural quality of clay material, andthen they elutriated and kneaded the clay according to its properties. Next via jolleying and carburization techniques, eggshell pottery whichis as black as lacker, as bright as a mirror, as thin as paper and as hard as porcelain would be finished. This is exactly a masterpiece of which workmanshipof nature was applied to manual work.Chinese people’s worship and reverence for nature pursued the loft y realm of “man is an integral part of nature”, and this was also embodied in the forms and shapes of utensil manufacture. In terms of the design and manufacture of vehicles, it was described in Kao kung chithat “square carriages symbolize earth; round ca nopies symbolize heaven; spokes symbolize thirty days in each month; bow-shaped timber frames symbolize the lunar mansions of the sidereal revolution.” The shapes of canopies and carriages were compared to “heaven is round and earth is square”, the thirty spokes which symbolizedthirty days in each month stood for the alternating movement of the sun and the moon, and twenty-eight bow-shaped timber frames symbolized the lunar mansions. Carriages symbolized earth, canopies symbolized heaven, and then the mod e of “manis an integral part of nature” would take shape with people sitting in them. Traditional Chinese architectural forms also contain theprofound ideology of “man is an integral part of nature”. Just takethe Temple of Heaven as an example: in ancient China, the figure 9 was regarded as the greatest so as to embody the supremacy of heaven. Many constructions of theTemple of Heaven are related to the figure 9: the length of the topof three-layer bluestones is measured in the figure 9, and the figure 9 was used as the cardinal number for the stones paved on the altar. In addition, the railings of the Temple of Heaven increase progressively by the figure 9: there are nine pieces for the upper part, eighteen pieces for the middle part and twenty-seven pieces for the lower part. In the next place, the Temple of Heaven has a distinct feature: square andround geometric figures constitute the general configuration of the Temple of Heaven. Together with round altars and square walls, external alter walls and internal altar walls compose a shape of which the northern part is round while the southern part is square. The designers and architectural craftsmen of the Temple of Heaven gave full play to their wisdom and applied many techniques such as figures, shapes, colors, names and layouts etc, which embodied the supremacy and sacredness of heaven as well as the close relationship between emperors and heaven. This integrated the ancients’ world outlook and the attainments they made in astronomy with the Temple of Heaven. Such world outlook createda perfect artistic conception of great harmony of heaven and people, and thus the Temple of Heaven became a shining example in the architectural history.Thus it can be seen that the belief that Chinese people and nature are in harmony has influenced many aspects like mental culture, material culture, behavioral culture, institutional culture etc. The concept of “man is an integral part of nature” in traditional Chinese creationart gives expression to a high degree of harmony & unity in all aspects: the harmony & unity of utility and aesthetics, the harmony & unity of perceptual manifestation and rational norms, the unity of craftsmanship and the construction of artistic conception.3. The traditional Chinese creation art ideology of “utensils are meant to convey truth”The ideology of “utensils are meant to convey truth” were often applied in traditional Chinese creation art, and this ideology embodies the semantic values of traditional Chinese design culture. It is written in The Book of Change?Xici I “that metaphysical objects xing’ershangin pinyin refer to abstract objects dao in pinyin, while practical objects xing’erxia in pinyin refer to concrete objects qi in pinyin.” Xing refers to shape and structure, which is the perceivable shape and quality of utensils and is possessed of materiality; Qi stresses the functions of utensils, which is of certainutility. Xing is extrinsic and concrete, qi is intrinsic and functional, and dao is metaphoric and intentional. These three elements are three essential factors that composed utensil designing and shaped the traditional Chinese design system. Hence utensils embodied the ancients’ cognition on formal beauty through not only apparent beautybut also through conveying intangible objects by means of tangible objects, thereby breaking through the general material significance of utensils and achieving mental artistic conception of pursuing the value of life.There was an allusion in ancient China. The ancients discovered in their experience in grinding and manufacturing utensils that some tough and imperishable beautiful stones would become lustrous after a polish. They named such stones jade because they believed such beautiful stones were abundant in vitality. Jade had nine virtues, and monarchs took “the nine virtues” as the code of conduct for their rule. Besides the texture and shape of jade, engraved patterns and symbols were also elements that might produce supernatural power of telepathy. So those Chinese ancient people who believed in the bird of deity were fond of carving abstract or concrete flying birds with splendid jade, such as the cirrus jade of Hung-shanculture and the hawk relief on a jade tablet of Shandong Lung-shan culture. In Eastern Zhou, Qin and Han Dynasties, patterns of two-body animals were often engraved on round flat pieces of jade with holes in the middle. The ancients believed that the middle of the hole on a round piece of jade was the immutable north pole of the world outlook tai chi, taiyi, so when honored aristocrats were buried, they were put into boxes with jade pieces stitched onto. In addition, a round flat piece of jade with holes in the middle was stitched onto the part of the box which covered the top of the head of the dead. This was just because they wereconvinced that the souls of the deceased could reach the acme of immortality through the gate to the Heavenly Palace via the hole on the jade.Meanwhile, traditional Chinese ceramics is more of an embodiment of which Chinese art stresses integrity, perfection, harmony, flavor & tone and artistic conception. Porcelains of Song Dynasty are the best example of the beauty of “artistic conception”. Celadon which was baked in Ru Kiln and Guan Kiln were top-notch work of porcelains of Song Dynasty.Its hue is greenish, bluish and grayish. Its glaze is lustrous. Thereare almost no ornaments on it except for some irregular crackles. All of these have gathered artistic conception of ornamentationin the glaze which is as gentle as jade and the classic & elegant shapes. “It is distinguished and accomplished even with no words engraved on it”, and it is also thought-provoking, withwhich the solemn, quiet and implicit beauty have culminated in perfection. The artistic conception of porcelains of Song Dynastyreposed their intrinsic message via their shapes, ornaments and artistic images. For example, the implicit shapes and glaze colors of porcelainsof Song Dynasty symbolize an intangible and silent realm, whichrepresents scholars’ demeanor a nd embodies the Chinese artisticfeatures of conveying spirit through form and conveying a profound message as well as the tranquil, implicit and euphemistic oriental taste.Consequently, traditional Chinese creation culture has experienced changes from emulating natural forms to emulating inherent laws of natural things in order to achieve harmony,from cognition on qi to solicitude f。
