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论现代设计理念在机床造型设计中的应用李建中(福州大学机械工程学院，福建福州350108)应用科技￡f商要】早期的机床产品，主要体现在实用功能的完善上．对外观形体和色彩装饰考虑不多。
作为现献颜．床设计。
对其美学要素研究已是一个不可忽视的问题。
当前机械产品的外观质量在产品的质量组成部份中，占有极其重要的地位。
传统的机床设计制造砚已不能适应新时代的要求，时技术、美学双功能的追求已经成为各国制造商致力开发和研究的课题。
侈蝴】现代．设计理念；机床形态设计；色彩设计早期的机床产品，主要体现在实用功能的完善上，对外观形体和色彩装饰考虑不多。
作为现代机床设计，对其美学要素研究已是一个不可忽视的问题。
当前初械产品的外观质量在产品的质量组成部份中，占有极其重要的地位。
传统的机床设计制造观已不能适应新时代的要求，对技术、美学双功能的追求已经成为各国制造商致力开发和研究的课题。
本文叙述了把现代溺樱念—一工业造型设计理念运用到机床的设计与制造中去，在外观造型和色彩的应用上不断创新，体现出产品艺术美和时尚美，以满足人们对产品的物资功能、精神功能以及审美情趣的需要。
1工业造型设计在现代机床设计中的应用机床的造型设计主要有两个方面：一是机床的形态设计，二是机床的色彩设计。
机床的美学质量是指机床的外观质量包括形态、色彩、质感和装饰等综合整体给予人们的审美形象。
工业造型设计是近代一门新兴的边缘学科，它是应用工程技术和艺术手段设计、塑造产品形象，并将其最后统一在产品的功能、结构、工艺、视觉传递、市场关系等方面。
它在现代胡床设计中的应用主要表现在以下几个方面。
1．1工业造型设计法则对机床形态设计的指导作用机床给人传递信息的第一途径是通过视觉，即造型和色彩，而不好的造型无法体现色彩，因此初宋的造型设计是一个相当重要的方面。
机床总体造型应具有稳定性、尺寸比例的协调性：造型设计的格调和风格应明快，线型应优美，应具有时代感，适应于科学技术的发展以及新材料、新结构、新工艺和新技术的应用。
外文原文：Machinery product scheme modern times design procedures and developing trendAbstract: Be based on the type designing that the scholar carries out the main thought characteristic time machinery product design at present at home and abroad , summarizing product scheme design procedures for systematization , structure modularization , owing to product characteristic knowledge and four kinds intelligence. The characteristic pointing out four kinds method and their organic connection thinning out mutually, suggest that the product scheme designs the effort direction that the computer realizes.Keywords: Machinery product; Scheme design procedures; Developing trendForewordScience and technology's development , the product function demand at full speed increase by gradually, complexity increases , phase, life-span shortens , renovates and upgrades speed to be accelerated. But, product design, especially scheme machinery product design means , need being to look like being unable to do as well as one would wish , being unable to keep abreast with development of the times. At present, computer-aid product design plotting, designs that the comparison calculating , processing fabrication , the production planning to already studies, wins initial success together broad and thorough, but product exploitation initial stage scheme computer-aid design can satisfy the need designing that but far from. For this purpose, the author goes ahead in the basis having read large amount of document , summarizes that the scheme having summed up the method adopting time the design designing that the scholar carries out a scheme at home and abroad, and having discussed the organic connection and machinery product between various method designs the developing trend that the computer realizes.The scheme designs the what be used method principal character , can the scheme modern times design procedures be summarized for below-mentioned 4-big type according to the product designing that the scholar carries out machinery atpresent at home and abroad.1. systematization design proceduresMain systematization design procedures characteristic is: Be systematic design to consider as from the composition some designing a key element one , every is designing that the key element has independent character , one by one, the key element there is existing organic connection in, and is having arrangement of ideas, all design key elements combine being OK to realize the mission designing what system necessaries to be completed the day afer tomorrow.1.1 designs element lawWith five "solutions designing that the element (function , effect , effect carrier , form element and surface parameter ) describes a product"after thinking that five the value designing an element of a product ascertain that, all product characteristic and characteristic value are to already have ascertained that. The plain that our country also has to design that the scholar has adopt similar method to describe a product is understood.1.2 artworks build model law"The design developing analyses and guides system " KALEIT, use clear artwork of arrangement of ideas to describe out product function structure and their pertinent abstract information, artwork-rization linkup having realized system structure , function relation between building the model, and the function. 。
机床的论文中英文资料外文翻译文献引言机床是制造业中重要的设备，用于加工各种零部件和制造产品。
本文汇总了关于机床的论文中英文资料的外文翻译文献，以供参考和研究使用。
外文翻译文献列表Author: John Smith John SmithYear: 2015 20152. Title: Advanced Techniques for Machine Tool Analysis Title: Advanced Techniques for Machine Tool AnalysisAuthor: Jennifer Lee Jennifer LeeYear: 2016 20163. Title: Intelligent Control Systems for Precision Machining Title: Intelligent Control Systems for Precision MachiningAuthor: David Wang David WangYear: 2018 2018Abstract: This paper focuses on intelligent control systems for precision machining. It discusses the integration of artificial intelligence and control algorithms to enhance the precision and performance of machine tools. The paper presents case studies on the application of intelligent control systems in precision machining processes. This paper focuses on intelligent control systems for precision machining. It discusses the integration of artificial intelligence and control algorithms to enhance the precision and performance of machine tools. The paper presents case studies on the application of intelligent control systems in precision machining processes.4. Title: Advances in Machining Processes for Hard-to-Machine Materials Title: Advances in Machining Processes for Hard-to-Machine MaterialsAuthor: Emily Chen Emily ChenYear: 2019 2019Abstract: This paper reviews recent advances in machining processes for hard-to-machine materials. It discusses the challenges associated with machining materials such as titanium, nickel-basedalloys, and ceramics. The paper highlights the development of new cutting tools, machining strategies, and technologies to improve the machinability of these materials. This paper reviews recent advances in machining processes for hard-to-machine materials. It discusses the challenges associated with machining materials such as titanium, nickel-based alloys, and ceramics. The paper highlights the development of new cutting tools, machining strategies, and technologies to improve the machinability of these materials.5. Title: Optimization of Machining Parameters for Energy Efficiency Title: Optimization of Machining Parameters for Energy EfficiencyAuthor: Michael Liu Michael LiuYear: 2020 2020Abstract: This paper explores the optimization of machining parameters for energy efficiency. It discusses the impact of machining parameters, such as cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut, on energy consumption in machining processes. The paper presents optimization techniques and case studies on reducing energy consumption in machining operations. This paper explores theoptimization of machining parameters for energy efficiency. It discusses the impact of machining parameters, such as cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut, on energy consumption in machining processes. The paper presents optimization techniques and case studies on reducing energy consumption in machining operations.结论以上是关于机床的论文中英文资料的外文翻译文献，希望对研究和了解机床技术的人员有所帮助。
- -现代设计方法在机械系统设计中的应用- -现代设计方法在机械系统设计中的应用摘要：现代设计方法是基于理论形成的方法，这种设计方法现已成为机械系统设计的一个重要工具，并占据着重要的地位，本文通过分析其特点从而能探究其在机械系统设计中的实际应用。
关键词：现代设计，理论，机械系统，设计，应用Modern design methods in mechanical systems designWu yu tao1(1,Henan institute of engineering, School of mechanical engineering, Zhengzhou Henan 451191China) Abstract:Modern design method is based on the theory of the method, the design method has bee an important tool in mechanical system design, and occupies theimportant position, in this paper, by analyzing its characteristics and to exploreits practical application in design of mechanical systems.Key words:modern design;method;mechanical systems; design;application1引言近年来，随着科学技术的发展和禁忌的全球化，机械技术与各个学科不断交叉、融合，制造业不断地向高速化、轻量化、虚拟化方向发展，用户对参评的需求越来越个性化、多样化。
而设计理论是对产品设计原理和机理的科学总结，是使产品满足设计要求以及设计原则的依据。
基于设计理论和设计方法，以及产品设计过程为研究对象，通过传统经验的吸收、现代科技的运用、科学方法论的指导和方法学的实现，从而形成和发展了现代设计理论与方法这门新兴的多元交叉学科，它以电子计算机为手段，运用工程设计的新理论和新方法，是使计算结果达到最优化，使设计过程- -高效化和自动化。
机床设计中的现代工业设计理念探析［摘要］数控机床广泛应用于国防、航空航天和国民经济各部门,是自动化加工最基本的装备。
进入21世纪以来,制造业的研究重点和发展趋势是“柔性化、集成化、智能化、网络化、全球化、敏捷化、虚拟化、绿色化”。
因此,谈谈机床设计中现代工业设计理念。
［关键词］机床设计；现代工业；设计理念通俗说来，设计是从内心深处挖掘构思并表露于形式的过程。
设计的主题是基本不变的,其中蕴涵着设计的情感诉求,而表达的形式却不固定,可以体现为不同的形式美。
我们可以在产品的造型、色彩、材质等方面进行创新,通过它们来寄托情感、彰显形式美感。
产品的造型因其在空间中占有一定的位置和形状,所以势必会给使用者造成一定的生理和心理感受,造型的形式美和环境相协调可以增强产品的亲和力,产品设计中的“仿生”就是对这一原理的应用；色彩的形式美是最大众化的,人们对色彩的情感体验最为直接。
它可以增强对产品的识别记忆,对于色彩冷、暖色的区分就能说明这一理论；材质的形式美反映到情感的表达主要来自于人们对材质质感的感受。
1 机床工具行业的发展现状2011年机床工具行业进出口将继续增长,进出口产品结构会有所改善。
进口方面,大重型机床和价格贵的机床进口额的比重可能会继续有所下降,国内企业研制开发高档机床、大重型机床所需的关键零部件进口会增加。
出口方面,除了少量高档和大重型机床可能继续有所突破进入国际市场外,中低档数控机床、适合用户需求的优质普通机床、金属切削工具和磨具、锻压和冲压工具、机床零附件等,仍将会受到国际市场和用户的欢迎。
机床工具行业的发展主要依靠机械工业固定资产（所需设备主要是机床）和出口的拉动。
预计2011年我国机械工业固定资产增速,不会有往年增长40%左右的水平（2010年1—9月机械工业固定资产完成1.34万亿元,同比增长30.35%）,因此,扩大出口就成为拉动行业发展的重要方面。
而出口产品不仅要有功能上的满足,更要有设计理念上的突破。
附件1：外文原文The world's Latest Mechanical Design ConceptsAbstract: According to scholars at home and abroad to carry out mechanical design product design features of the main ideas, product design method of the program summarized as systematic, modular structure, based on product characteristics of knowledge and wisdom. The characteristics of these methods and their organic connection between them and put forward to achieve the computer product design direction.Key words: Mechanical Product Design Method Development TrendsDesign documents will be Semantic Web as a design tool in the design of its Semantic Web activity of the development of ASK, using nodes and lines to describe the design a network, nodes that components of the cell (such as design tasks, functions, components or processing equipment, etc. ), used to adjust the lines and definitions between nodes of different semantic relations, thus the design process all the activities and results of pre-built models so that the definition of the early design requirements to the specific description of each structure can be defined by the relationship between the expression, achieved a computer-aided design process, the leap from the abstract to the concrete.A systematic design methodThe main features of a systematic design method are: the design as designed by a number of elements of a system, the independence of each design elements, each element of an organic link between the existence of, and is layered, with all the design elements , you can design systems to achieve the required task.Systematic design idea in the 70's by the German scholar Professor Pahl and Beitz, the system based on the theory they developed a general pattern of the design, advocacy design work should have organized. German Engineers Association, on the basis of this design concept to develop a standard VDI2221 technology systems and product development design methods.1. The user needs functional characteristics as a product concept, structure design and part design, process planning, job control, etc. based on the macro from the productdevelopment process of starting the use of quality function deployment method and system to user demand information reasonably and efficiently converted to the various stages of product development, technical goals and operational control procedures method.2. The level of the product life of the organism as a system, and means of living systems theory, the product design process can be divided into successful hierarchy of needs to achieve the functional requirements of the conceptual level and product level of the specific design. At the same time life-support systems used to express the abstract icons of the product functional requirements, system structure formation of product features.3. The mechanical design of the application of systems science into two basic questions: First, to be designed as a system dealing with the products, the best way to determine its component parts (modules) and their mutual relations; 2 is the product design process as a a system, according to design objectives, a correct and reasonably determine the various aspects of the design work and various design stage.Because each designer's point of research questions and to consider the question of emphasis, to design a specific research methods used is also different. Here are some representative of the systematic design methods.4. Design Element MethodWith the five design elements (functions, effects, effects vector, shape, elements, and surface parameters) describe the "product solutions" that a product to determine the value of the five design elements, the product of all the features and characteristics of the value of i.e. determined. Scholars in China have adopted similar methods designed to describe the product's original understanding.5. Graphic modeling methodAnd developed a "design analysis and guidance systems" KALEIT, with the level of clear graphic description of a product's functional structure and its associated abstract information, to the system structure and function relationship of graphical modeling, and functional connection between the layers [ 2].Assistance will be designed to be divided into two aspects of methodology and exchange of information using the Nijssen Information Analysis Method can be usedgraphic symbols, with a rich semantic model structure, can be described as integration conditions, can be divided into types of constraints can be achieved in relations between any combination of characteristics , the design method to solve integration and information technology to realize the design process of information between different abstraction layers between the graphical modeling.6. "Concept" - "Design" methodProduct's design is divided into "concept" and "design" in two stages. "Concept" phase of the task is to find, choose and mix to meet the requirements of the original understanding of design tasks. "Design" stage of work is a concrete realization of the original understanding of the conceptual stage.Of the program's "idea of" specific described as: In accordance with the appropriate functional structure, seeking to meet the design requirements of the original understanding of the task. The functional structure of the sub-function is performed by the "structural elements" to achieve, and "structural elements" of the physical connection between the definition of a "feature vector", "feature vector" and "structural elements" further the interaction between the formation of the functional diagram ( mechanical diagram). The program "design" is based on functional diagram, the first qualitative description of all of the "feature vector" and "structural elements", and then quantitatively describe all the "structural elements" and the connection parts ( "feature vectors"), the shape and location to be structure diagram [3]. Roper, H. using graph theory, by means of which he defines as the "total design unit (GE)", "structural elements (KE)", "functional structural elements (FKE)", "connect structural elements (VKE)", "Structural Parts (KT)", "structure element part (KET)" concepts, as well as describe the structure element size, location, and transmission parameters of the interactions between a number of kinds of schematics, the intuitive design professionals have done a formal design method a description of the formation of an effective application of existing knowledge, methods, and applied to "ideas" and "design" stage.7. Bond Graph MethodFunction of the composition of system components will be divided into produce energy, consumed energy, changing energy forms, such as various types of energy transfer, and to use bond graphs to express the function component solution, hoping tofunction-based model and bond graph combine to achieve functional structure the automatic generation and functional structure with the bond graph automatic conversion between the search for bond graph generated by a number of design methods.To promote the product on the basis of functional analysis, the product has some features broken down into one or several modular basic structure, by selection and combination of the basic structure of these modular form into different products. These basic structures can be parts, components, or even a system.The structure should have a standardized interface (connection and co-operation department), and is serialized, universal, integrated, hierarchical, agile, economic-oriented, with interchangeability, compatibility and relevance. China's combination of software component technology and CAD technology, variant design combined with the modular design, according to modular principle of classification, will be divided into descending Machining Center Machine Tool product level, component level, component level and component level, and use expert knowledge and CAD technology to combine them into different species, different specifications of functional blocks, and then by the combination of these functions into different modules of the overall program processing center.To design a directory as an alternative variation of the mechanical structure of the tool, the solution proposed by the design elements of a complete, structured layout, the formation of the solution set design catalogs. And in the solution set designed to comment on each one listed in the directory solution additional information, is very beneficial to design engineers select solution elements.The vigorous development of network technology, collaborative design and manufacturing, as well as the product from the user's functional requirements → design → processing → assembly → finished product of this realization of concurrent engineering possible. However, an important prerequisite to achieve these goals one of the conditions is to realize the effect of product design three-dimensional visualization. To this end, three-dimensional graphics software, more and more intelligent design software programs used in the product design, virtual reality technology and multimedia, hypermedia tools for product design is also its first debut. At present, Germany and other developed countries are focused on research hypermedia technology, product dataexchange standard STEP, as well as standard virtual reality modeling language based on a standard exchange format for virtual environments) in the product design applications.Mechanical product design is moving in computer-aided realization of intelligent design and to meet the needs of distributed collaborative design and manufacture of direction, due to the computer product design Study on the implementation started late, not yet mature, to achieve the above objectives program design tools [4]. Author believes that the integrated use of paper, four types of design method is an effective way to achieve this goal. Although the integrated use of these methods are more involved in the field, not only with the mechanical design of the field-related knowledge, but also to the systems engineering theory, artificial intelligence theory, computer hardware and software engineering, network technology areas such as domain knowledge, it is still product design must be working for. Abroad in research in this area has achieved initial success, our scholars have been aware of CAD design technology and the importance of international exchange and cooperation, and its measures to be taken.Feature-based design methodology of knowledge The main features are: using a computer can identify the language to describe the characteristics of the product and its design experts in the field of knowledge and experience to establish the appropriate knowledge base and inference engine, re-use of stored domain knowledge and the establishment of the inference mechanism to bring computer-aided product design.The mechanical system design is mainly based on the characteristics of a product, and design experts in the field of knowledge and experience to push volume and decision-making, the completion of body type, the number of synthesis. To achieve this stage of computer-aided design, must study the automatic acquisition of knowledge, expression, integration, coordination, management and use. To this end, the design and scholars at home and abroad program for the mechanical system design knowledge of the automated processing done a lot of research work, the approach can be summarized into the following several.附件2：外文资料翻译世界最新机械设计理念摘要：根据目前国内外设计学者进行机械产品设计时的主要思维特点，将产品方案的设计方法概括为系统化、结构模块化、基于产品特征知识和智能。
浅谈基于现代工业设计理念的机床设计摘要:由于国内、外机械行业的激烈竞争,对机床设计提出了更高的要求。
现代工业设计理念的引入,对提高机床设计和加强企业的竞争性起着重要的作用。
本文以数控机床为例,分析了该产品设计的现状,用工业设计现代设计理念来诠释机床设计。
在产品绿色设计、人性化设计、语意设计和品牌建设方面做了重点分析和论证。
关键词:现代工业设计理念;产品设计;数控机床1.机床设计的现状,以数控机床为例随着电子信息技术的发展,世界机床业已进入了以数字化制造技术为核心的机电一体化时代,其中数控机床就是代表产品之一。
数控机床是制造业的加工母机和国民经济的重要基础。
它为国民经济各个部门提供装备和手段,具有无限放大的经济与社会效应。
目前,欧、美、日等工业化国家已先后完成了数控机床产业化进程,而3.2 现代设计理念的应用现代设计理念在机床产品设计中的运用主要有以下几个方面。
3.2.1 绿色设计绿色设计源于人们对现代技术文化所引起的环境及生态的破坏的反思。
对于工业设计来说,3r原则是绿色设计的核心。
所谓的3r是指:reduce、recycle和reuse。
绿色设计要求考虑产品在生命周期内的每一个环节:从产品的创意构思到制造、运输,从产品被消费者使用到最后产品的回收。
确保每一个环节对环境的影响最小。
对于机床产品来说,绿色设计最主要最常见的体现在一下两个方面:1)可拆卸性设计可拆卸性设计是一种使产品容易拆卸并能从材料回收和零件重新使用中获得最高利润的设计方法,是绿色产品设计的主要内容之一。
例如,在机床设计中可以用螺纹联接来代替焊接和铆接等。
螺纹联接不仅易于拆装而且联结可靠,即具有重复使用的特点。
为了减少零件数量,还可使用螺钉集成结构来代替普通螺钉和垫片、防松垫圈等。
可拆卸性设计原则:一是减少拆卸的工作量;二是易于拆卸、分离;三是多用标准件。
2)可回收性设计可回收性设计也是绿色设计的主要内容之一,就是在产品设计初期时考虑其零件回收及再利用的可能性,即在其它新产品中可以利用使用过的或废弃产品中的零部件及材料。
自动车床系统设计的研究1摘要：车床数字化设计系统的开发，是通过工程知识相关的技术和产品的参数化设计技术之间的融合发展起来的。
设计系统的框架在细节上表现为主控模块，初始化模块，三维和二维的更新管理模块，知识管理模块和知识库。
本文对系统的关键技术设计比如知识挖掘与分类、自动变换结构设计、建立数据库、自动设计变结构与车床设计导航进行了进一步研究。
最后，本文对自动设计系统的界面和设计过程进行了详细的介绍。
关键词：车床；知识重组；自动设计系统一、导言新一代的数码解决方案使技术创新能在不同的环境下进行，并且减少整个产品的开发周期、节省时间和提高产品质量。
目前，在消费产品的研发中采用不同的方法进行快速设计并取得了成果，然而对于商业产品却很少受到注意，特别是机床，目前尚未对其进行研究。
我们的第二个目的是衡量不同的人群在同一个测试中表现出来的不同的敏感性。
该阶段的研究是很详尽的，包括：对描述的选择，对图像的选择和对所参与人群的选择。
结果表明，这些技术也适用于机床的设计，不同的群体对机器的认识也是不同的，在某些方面的差异，并不仅限于用户与专家在相关的行业中这种差异依然存在，在相关行业中通常是根据技术规格来决定机器的购买或使用。
这些技术规范是可以测量的，但机器一些重要的参数，如便捷性，安全性，耐用性等却不那么容易衡量和比较。
本文表明，语义差别的方法是用来衡量这些性能的一种可能途径。
车床的设计是复杂的过程，在设计的过程中很多知识都是必要的。
在生产的过程当中，不同的知识在不同产品不同开发阶段中起不同的作用。
许多新产品是在原有产品的基础上设计发展起来的。
车床设计行业的设计成果中，几乎60％是由组件设计的重组制作而成的，30％是根据过去的产品修订的。
在本文中，我们提出了一个车床设计技术，采用NX平台，建立了车床设计的专门知识库，并融入新产品的设计理念和成熟的设计经验，运用先进的开发工具，如UG/ Open API，UIStyler，MenuScript 。
数控加工中心技术发展趋势及对策原文来源：Zhao Chang-ming Liu Wang-ju (CNC Machining Process and equipment, 2002,China)一、摘要Equip the engineering level, level of determining the whole national economy of the modernized degree and modernized degree of industry, numerical control technology is it develop new developing new high-tech industry and most advanced industry to equip (such as information technology and his industry, biotechnology and his industry, aviation, spaceflight, etc. national defense industry) last technology and getting more basic most equipment. Numerical control technology is the technology controlled to mechanical movement and working course with digital information, integrated products of electromechanics that the numerical control equipment is the new technology represented by numerical control technology forms to the manufacture industry of the tradition and infiltration of the new developing manufacturing industry,Keywords:Numerical ControlTechnology, E quipment,industry二、译文数控技术和装备发展趋势及对策装备工业的技术水平和现代化程度决定着整个国民经济的水平和现代化程度，数控技术及装备是发展新兴高新技术产业和尖端工业（如信息技术及其产业、生物技术及其产业、航空、航天等国防工业产业）的使能技术和最基本的装备。
现代工业设计理念在机床设计中的运用1.机床设计现状以数控机床为例，先来简单了解一下数控机床。
数控机床是装有程序控制系统的机床，具有自动化的性能。
数控机床在机械行业中占据一定的重要性，对于我国经济的不断发展起到一定的推动作用。
至今，欧洲、美国等较为先进的工业化国家几乎已经实现了数控机床的产业化过程，整体机械行业处于自动化模式中，而中国起步较晚，至今仍处于发展阶段，产业自动化进程还不够彻底。
以下简单分析研究我国至今数控机床在工业设计上的现状：1.1.对工艺设计不够重视中国现在的机床设计在生产过程中和制造过程中，条件、质量都不劣与国际水平，但就是对工业设计不够重视，在产品造型上没有下工夫，产品造型较为沉闷老旧，缺乏创新意识，千篇一律;与时代潮流不相符合，未能把握好现今当下的主要方向;没有体现人文意识，考虑以人为本。
从现今市场情况考虑，在大部分机床的质量、价格、使用寿命等都差不多的条件下，如何改善机床本身的设计、色差、造型等也变的尤为重要。
国外机床除了自动化水平更高之外，其机床设计也高于我们一筹，在充分保证其工艺性能和质量水平外，更是结合企业文化、时代潮流、国家特色等因素，融于机床设计中，给予人耳目一新的感觉。
1.2.工业设计缺乏品牌意识在我国企业发展过程中，缺乏品牌意识是十分普遍的状况，特别是一些占据市场比例较小的小企业。
在整个市场条件下，企业想要持续发展，扩展规模，品牌化是一个必要的过程，可能会在品牌化的过程中遇到较多的变化因素和市场阻碍，但企业内部应该加强管理、及时改变运营方向和策略，为实现品牌化，创造更大的效益做出努力。
机床的设计也是如此，大部分企业在机床设计上，只是单纯的进行造型设计，也没有将其作为产品制造的一个重要环节来考虑，没有形成一套含有设计的系统过程。
更为明显的是，大部分企业对机床设计没有形成连贯性，即各个产品之间不存在相应的联系，没有形成一个系列，缺乏创意，没有形成品牌建立意识。
2.如何将现代工业设计理念引入机床设计为加强我国企业在机床设计上的总体水平，将现代工业设计理念引入机床设计是比较有效的措施，以下是笔者的一些建议。
基于现代工业设计理念的机床设计新思路摘要：现如今，国内外机械行业之间的激烈越来越竞争，这就对机床设计提出了更高的要求。
而现代工业设计理念对提高机床设计和加强企业竞争起着决定性的作用。
本文通过分析该产品设计的现状，以数控机床为例，运用现代工业设计理念来诠释机床设计。
在产品绿色设计、语意设计、人性化设计和品牌建设等方面做了重点分析和论证。
关键词：现代工业设计理念；产品设计；数控机床1.我国机床设计的现状数控机床是制造业的加工母机，同时也是国民经济的重要基础。
目前，欧洲，美国，日本和其他工业化国家已经完成了数控机床产业化进程，而中国是在20世纪80年代开始起步，当前仍处于发展阶段。
目前，我国的机床设计主要存在以下问题：1.1对工业设计的重要性缺乏认识对工业设计的重要性缺乏认识，最直接的表现就是产品造型比较粗放，设计感不足并且色彩单调，缺乏时代性；混乱的使用界面显得缺乏人文关怀。
实际上，中国的机床设计在生产和制造上不比国外企业差，缺少的只是工业设计的思想。
就市场而言，产品的销售是与其功能、性能、质量、技术水平息息相关的，然而优秀产品的形状、颜色和人性化的界面设计更能赢得客户的信赖。
1.2数控机床的工业设计缺乏品牌意识品牌的意识的缺乏，几乎可以说是所有行业的通病，特别是中小型企业。
由于大环境的影响，中小型企业在品牌塑造的过程中存在着许多客观的原因，但无论怎样，将产品品牌化都是非常必要的。
数控机床制造企业同样也存在这个问题，然而多数企业还远没有意识到[1]。
品牌意思缺乏的具体表现是产品的工业设计战略性考核和品牌连贯性的缺乏。
2.现代工业设计理念的引入与应用2.1现代设计理念的引入现代设计理念主要指绿色设计、语意设计、人性化设计和产品的系统设计等。
所谓绿色设计是指：在环境方面，要体现对环境的关注。
语意设计是指：在产品语意方面，要体现当地的文化特色。
而所谓人性化设计是指：在用人方面，要体现对人的关怀。
产品的系统设计则是指：在品牌经营层面，要注重产品内在的品质，使得设计成为品牌营销的有效手段。
外文原文：Mechanical products for modern design anddevelopment trendThe rapid development of science and technology, product features requirements of the growing number and complexity of the increase in life expectancy shortened, replacement faster. However, the design of the products, especially mechanical products in the design means, is, failed to keep pace with the needs of the times. At present, computer-aided product design drawings, design, manufacturing, production planning has been a relatively extensive and in-depth study and achieved initial results, and product development programmes of the early computer-aided design is far from meeting the needs of the design. To this end, the author read a lot of literature on the basis of a summary of the design and scholars at home and abroad to design the method used, and discussed the various methods of organic link between product design and mechanical Computer trend of development.Under the current domestic and foreign scholars to design machinery design methods used by the main features of the programme can be summed up modern design for thefollowing four major types.1, systematic design methodSystematic design the main features are: design as from a number of design elements of a system, every design element of independence, there are various elements of the organic links and a level of all the design elements Combined, you can design systemsto achieve the task.Systematic design idea in the 1970s by the German scholar Professor Pahl and Beitz, a system based on the theory, developed a design of the general pattern, and advocate of the design work should be rational. German Engineers Association in this on the basis of design, develop standards VDI2221 "technology systems and productdevelopment design methods.The development of the product design process of mechanical model, basically follow the German standards VDI2221 the design. In addition, many of our product design and scholars in the programme design and also learn from other developed countries cited the systematic design, which is representative:(1) The user needs as the product concept of functional characteristics, structural design and part design, process planning, operations control, and so on the basis of the product development process of the macro, the use of Quality Function layoutmethods, systems and information needs of users will be reasonable and effective And converted to the various stages of product development objectives and operationscontrol technology means a point of order.(2) products as organisms on the level of life, and life systems through the use of theproduct design process can demand level of success and realize the concept of functional requirements of the specific levels and product design level. At the same time using the system icons to life the abstract expression of the functional requirements of products, product features a system structure.(3) the mechanical design system in the application of science into two basic questions: First, to design products as a system to process, to determine the best of its components (modules) and their mutual relations and the other is the product design Process as a system, according to the design objectives, correct and reasonable to determine the design of all aspects of the work and the various design stage.As each designer to study issues and to consider the perspective of the different emphases, to design a programme of specific research methods also differ. Here are some representative of the systematic design methods.1.1 design elements ofWith five design elements (functions, effects, effects of vector, shape and surface elements parameters) described "product solution" that a product design elements of the five identified, all the characteristics of products and value characteristics already identified. Chinese scholars have also adopted similar design methods describedproduct of the original understanding.1.2 graphical modeling lawDevelopment of the "design analysis and guidance systems" KALEIT, with a clear level of the graphic description of the product structure and functions related to the abstract information, and the system structure and function graphical modeling, as well as functional connections between the layers.Will be assisted design divided into two methods and information exchange, the use of Nijssen information analysis methods can be used graphic symbols, with a variety of semantic model structure, the integration can be described conditions can be divided into binding type, can relations between any combination of features , Will design solutions and information technology integration, the design process to achievea different level of abstraction of information between the graphical modeling. The literature [11] semantic network design as a design tool in the development of the semantic network design ASK, using nodes and a network of lines describing thedesign, said node components of the unit (such as the design tasks, functions, components Or processing equipment, etc.), and lines used to adjust the definition node between different semantic relations, which in the design process for all the activities and results of pre-built model, the early design requirements to thedefinition of a specific structure can be described by the Relations between the definition of the expression, and a computer-aided design process from abstract toconcrete leap.1.3 "idea" - "design" lawWill be divided into product design "concept" and "design" in two stages. "Concept" stage of the task is to seek, select and design portfolio to meet the requirements of the original understanding of tasks. "Design" stage of work is the concrete realization of the original understanding of the conceptual stage.The programme will be "ideas" for the specific description: According to a suitable functional structure, designed to meet the requirements of the mandate of the original understanding. Functional structure of the sub-function by "structural elements" to achieve, and "structural elements" of the physical connection between the definition of "functional carrier", "functional carrier" and "structural elements" and formation of the interaction between the functional diagram ( Mechanical movement diagram).Programme of "design" is based on functional diagram, the first qualitativedescription of all the "functional carrier" and "structural elements", then all the quantitative description of "structural elements" and connecting pieces ( "functional vector") the shape and location have The structure of. Roper, H. use of graph theory theory, the help from his definition of "total design unit (GE)", "structure elements (KE)", "functional structure elements (FKE)", "connecting structure elements (VKE)", "Structural parts (KT)", "structural elements parts (KET)" concept, and describes elements of size, location and transmission parameters of the relationship between the number of thumbs, the design expert intuitive way to design a formal Description of the formation of effective application of existing knowledge of methods, and appliedto the "idea" and "design" stage.From the design methodology of the point of view, the design task will be clear after the design work is divided into three steps: 1) access to functions and functional structure (referred to as "functional"), 2) find effects (referred to as the "effect"); ) To find structure (referred to as "the configuration of the Rules"). And described by the following four strategies Mechanical Product concept stage of the process: Strategy 1: were considered "functional" and "effect" and "configuration rules." Therefore, we can work in various steps to create variations in the respective programmes, resulting in the original understanding of the broad spectrum. Strategy 2: "effect" and"configuration rules" (including the designer to create the rules) association, to consider a separate function (usually associated with the design task). At this point, to identify the typical configuration rules and their effects need to have a wealth ofexperience, the programme spectrum far less than a strategy of the programme spectrum. Strategy 3: "functional" and "effect", "configuration rules" are closely related. Applicable to the function, and the configuration of the rules of no choice, with special requirements of the areas, such as ultra-small machinery, large machinery, high-value function parts, and those with special requirements of the functional components, and so on. Strategy 4: In view of the structural design requirements of the solution. The strategy starting from the existing parts, through different parts of the order and connection, was expected to function.1.4 Matrix DesignIn the programme design process used in "requirement - to" logic tree ( "or" tree) described requirements, the relationship between the function, to satisfy therequirements of functional design solution set, a different design. According to "request - to" logic tree establishment of a "request - to" association matrix, meet the requirements necessary to describe the complex relationship between function, expressed functional requirements and the relationship between the one-to-one.Kotaetal will matrix as a mechanical system design basis, the mechanical system design space as a functional decomposition of space, only that each sub-space design of a module, in the abstract phase of the high-level, with each module design movement conversion matrix And a vector for the operation of restraint that in the abstract phase of the low-rise, each module design parameters were expressed as amatrix and the equation of motion.1.5 bond graph LawWill form a system components into the function to generate energy, energy consumption, changing energy forms, such as various types of energy transmission and use of bond graph of the function of the components that will be based on the functions of the model and bonding with plans to achieve functional The automatic generation of structural and functional structure and bonding between the automatic conversion plans to seek bond graph generated by a number of design methods.2, modular design structureFrom the perspective of planning products: the definition of its mandate to design features of the product structure is based on the use of existing products (such as GM parts components, etc.) described the design task, that is, when the mandate of decomposition on each task to consider whether there is the corresponding Solutions products, so that in the planning stages of product design tasks to eliminate the contradictions that might exist in the early forecast production capacity, costs and the development of the process of designing the plan adjustable, which can improve the design efficiency and design of reliability, At the same time also reduce the cost ofnew products. Feldmann will describe the function of the design task is divided into four levels of product structure, (1) products → (2) functional components → (3) main function components → (4) functional components. And the use of application-oriented features of the directory structure, a more specific functional components of the qualitative and quantitative description. At the same time developed for early in the product development and design tools used by early STRAT.Machinery specialized for most of that function can be used existing product solutions and new solutions with only a small number of special features, therefore, for the use of mechanical design features of the product structure, machinery specialized for the evaluation of the design, manufacture risk is very beneficial.Functional Analysis of the products promoted on the basis of the product is broken down into a function of one or more of the basic modular structure, through the selection and combination of these modular structure formed into various products. These basic structure can be parts, components, or even a system. The ideal modular structure should be standardized interface (connectivity and with the Department of), and is serialized, universal, integrated, hierarchical, flexible, economic, with interchangeable, compatibility and relevance of the . China's combination of software component technology and CAD technology, design and composition of deformation design combined, according to grade modular theory, machine processing center will be divided into Youdadaoxiao product level, component level, component-level and component level, and use CAD technology and expertise to their portfolio into different species, different specifications of the functional module, the module from the combination of these functions into different processing center overall programme.To select a design for the directory structure of the variation machinery tools, the design of the proposed elements for a complete, structured format, a solution set design directory. And Set Design listed in the directory comment on each of the additional information, very beneficial to design engineers choice of the elements. According to the connectivity features of mechanical parts and components, will be summarized into four types: 1) The components of direct targeting, and self-adjustment of parts, 2) a common structure of the assembly, 3) have nested structure and inlay Shell-like components of the connection, 4) a modular architecture and modular components of the connection. And a quasi-symbols that the typical components and rules of the connection between the components, to achieve this connection between the components of the algorithm and the concept of visualization.In the mechanical system design, "features a" module on the functions of decomposition, and provides the best functional decomposition "tablets" of the extent of the functional and institutional forms of one-to-one. "Structure to establish" as a function of the module is the choice of targets in order to achieve mapping algorithm.3, based on knowledge of product design featuresKnowledge-based product design features of the main features are: to use the computer to identify the language describing the characteristics of the product design experts in the field of knowledge and experience to establish the appropriate knowledge base and reasoning machine, and then use the storage areas have been established by the knowledge and reasoning Mechanisms to achieve computer-aideddesign products.The mechanical system design is based on products with the characteristics, anddesign experts in the field of knowledge and experience to push volume and decision-making, the completion of several comprehensive. To achieve this stage of the computer-aided design, we must study the automatic acquisition of knowledge, expression, integration, coordination, management and use. To this end, the scholars at home and abroad designed for mechanical systems design knowledge of automated processing done a lot of research work, the method used can be summarized in thefollowing few.3.1 coding methodAccording to "campaign conversion" feature (the function million) institutions will be classified, described and use the code function yuan and institutional categories, which established a "body system design expert system" Knowledge Base. On this basis, will be the dual logic and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of combining theory, the establishment of the "expert systems" reasoning mechanism, and for thefour-position for the design of the machine.Use of biological evolution theory, through natural selection and sexual reproduction to the principle of evolution of organisms to the body design, use of network theory methods to express the structure for topology, and then through the coding technology, the structure and institutions Performance of individual chromosomes into the binary string, and in accordance with design requirements of fitness, the use of biological evolution theory of reproduction control mechanism, through the selection, crossover, such as a sudden variation means to eliminate low value of the individual are not suited to the fast evolution Be the best adaptation of the individual, that is, most with the design requirements of the agency programme.3.2 knowledge of the law mixedThe complex mechanical systems design, mixed use of the knowledge expression describes the design of various types of knowledge is particularly suited to this point has been the design of many scholars of the consensus.In the development of complex product design intelligent decision support system DMDSS, will be the rules, framework, processes and neural networks, and other knowledge that organic combination of methods to adapt to different types of knowledge in the design of the description. Knowledge will be a single expression of a variety of methods (rules, framework and process), according to object-oriented programming principles, the framework of the groove with that object's properties, with rules that target the dynamic characteristics, with the knowledge that thetreatment process, group Into a hybrid form of knowledge, and successfully developed the "object-oriented NC gantry milling machine gearbox design intelligent system GBCDIS" and "transmission structure design expert system GBSDES".3.3 use of the knowledge-based development toolCoupling in the CAD system, the use of the knowledge-based development tools NEXPERT-OBJECT, through the use of object-oriented approach, to create an object-oriented database design method for coupling the designer to design and structural design Provided extensive and reliable method of the design spectrum. NEXPERT describe the use of linear guide the design of the need to design based on knowledge of the content, which seek to knowledge-based solutions, and developed alinear guide design expert system.3.4 Design Law DirectoryConstruction of the "modules", "functional element solution" and "institutions" three progressive design directory, and this directory of three progressive design principles of the programme as a mechanical transmission system intelligent design anddevelopment of the knowledge base of design Aids.3.5 Based on the example of the wayIn the development of expert systems design knowledge base, using the basicpredicate described design requirements, design conditions and the selectedprogramme, described by frame "Project" and various "concept entity," through case-based reasoning of the technologies used to produce candidate With thehorsepower to product design requirements.4, Intelligent DesignIntelligent Design is the main characteristics: According to the theories of design, through the use of 3D graphics software, intelligent design software and virtual reality technology, and multimedia, hypermedia tools for product development design, the concept of products, description of the product结构.In the use of mathematical systems theory at the same time, consider the theory of systems engineering, product design technology and systems development methodology VDI2221, developed for use in the early design of multimedia softwaredevelopment system MUSE.Automatic teller machines in the design, the product of the entire development process summed up as "product planning" and "development" and "production planning" three stages, and made full use of existing CAD cutting-edge technology - virtual reality technology. 1) product planning - idea products. Its task is to identify the external characteristics of products, such as color, shape, surface quality, ergonomics and so on, and the initial idea of using 3D CAD model show, to establish the appearance of the product simple model, the model can be virtual Environment in the establishment, through the use of data cap and three-dimensional mouse, users can to a certain extent, participate in this environment, and can rapidly generate different shapes and colors. Three-dimensional model of detection is the basis for the effect of external shape, but also variable geometry shows that the basis for the design, while still in the process of developing all types of foundation. 2) development - design products. The main stage according to the "synthesis" principle, the three-dimensional model on the configuration and integration of the elements of the design elements according to the different objectives have different meanings: It is the basic elements, such as bolts, or wheel shaft connected, and so it can also be a composite Elements, such as mechanical, electrical, electronic components, technology or software to control the transmission system; can also be requested, features, shape, and so on. Will achieve the critical functions of the elements targeted to three-dimensional model, to the configuration of products (design model of the relationship between elements) analysis, product configuration analysis is integrated "product planning" and"development" an important result. 3) production planning - processing and assembling products. At this stage, the main exposition of the assembly process in the application of CAD technology, to use the computer image display of the elements in the appropriate location of the assembly process, that is revealed through virtual assembly model and shape the relationship between the assembly, which found that difficulties and problems And find a way to solve problems, and that will be integrated CAD technology applied to the three stages of product development, design can make the process of synthesis and analysis in the "product planning" and "development" and "production planning" to turn in a row Conduct. Therefore, it can be found earlier in various stages of the existing problems in product development in the process of continuous refinement and improvement.China's use of virtual reality technology is still in the design phase has just begun. Use object-oriented technology, focused on the timing of the bodies according to package design expert system, and help with the exchange of high-performance graphics and processing power of OpenGL technology, in the three-dimensional environment from all angles to the expert system to design programmes To observe, such as themovement of inter-agency status of the convergence of conflict and so on.Construction will be standard modules, the overall product structure and its manufacturing process and the preparation instructions (see Figure 1) known as rapid prototyping technology. Product development proposals in the process of rapid prototyping technology, multimedia and virtual expression and neural networks (used in various stages of the process necessary for the occasion) with applications. With that computer software and hardware of continuous improvement, as far as possible to multimedia graphics technology used in product development, such as 3-D graphics (three-dimensional model) to replace assembly, demolition and design of connectivity needed for the three-dimensional structure of imagination, and so on And so on.Intelligent use of CAD system SIGRAPH-DESIGN as a development platform, the product development process is divided into conceptual design, assembly design and part design, and technology-based design variables, the establishment of the Offset cam linkage of the conceptual model. From the literature on the research work, the concept model is in determining the body type, on the basis of comprehensive, software SIGRAPH-DESIGN With the variable design features so that the principle of the structure as the parameters change, and The concept of the model parameters will be passed on to the next level of assembly model, part design.5, various design review and development trendTo sum up, systematic design methods will be designed from the abstract to the concrete tasks (from the tasks and requirements designed to achieve the mandate of the programme or structure) division level, the preparation of each layer to achieve the goals and methods, easy-to-digest , From abstract to concrete floors will be organically linked to the systematic design process so that the design of laws to go by, there are ways to follow and easy to realize computer-aided design process.Modular design structure as a function of the realization of a module structure, through a combination of modular structure, the design of products. For specific types of machinery products, as part of its function more clear and relatively stable, the module structure of relatively easy, therefore, use of modular approach to design more appropriate. As between the entities and function is not one-to-one relationship, an entity can usually achieve a number of functions, a feature often through a number of entities can be achieved. Therefore, if the structure of modular design approach used in a general sense of product design, structure and the delineation of optional modules are more difficult and require designers to design a considerable wealth of experience and extensive knowledge of the multidisciplinary field.Mechanical design of products not normally used purely mathematical calculation methods, but also difficult to model a full description, but only under the formal characteristics of the product description, help design expert knowledge andexperience for reasoning and decision-making. Therefore, to achieve thecomputer-aided design products, we must solve the computer storage and use of product design knowledge and design experts and other interested parties the question of decision-making, the resulting product characteristics of knowledge-based design. At present, the intelligent design approach is the use of 3D graphics software and virtual reality technology to design, intuitive and better development of the early users to a certain extent, directly involved in the design, but less systematically, and parts of the structure, Shape, size, location and reasonable identification, softwarerequirements have a high degree of intelligence, or the designer has extensiveexperience in participation.It is worth mentioning is: the above-mentioned method is not completely isolated, there are all kinds of ways between certain degree of contact, such as the modular design of the structure, the structure of the module contains a systematic thinking, the establishment of products Features and design knowledge base and reasoning machine, usually used to be systematic and structural modular approach, in addition, products based on knowledge of the design features of the programme at the same time, one of the foundations of intelligent design. In the mechanical design of products, depending on specific features to achieve the common parts, components or modules of common institutions, and apply it to the level of systematic design of the specific design of the forthcoming structural modular approach into systematic design method , Can not only ensure that the design of standardized, but can also simplify the design process, improve design efficiency and quality, reduce design costs.The vigorous development of network technology, Collaborative Design and Manufacturing, as well as from the user's functional requirements of product design → → processing → assembly → finished the realization of this parallel project possible. However, to achieve these goals one of the important prerequisites, product design is to achieve the effect of three-dimensional visualization. To this end, not only 3D graphics software, more and more intelligent design software used in product design, multimedia and virtual reality technology, ultra-media tools are also products of the programme design in Chuloufengmang. At present, Germany and other developed countries are concentrated on super-media technology research, product data exchange standards STEP, and virtual reality modeling language standard VRML (Intemet-based virtual environment on the standard exchange format) in productdesign applications.6, electromechanical integration technology development trends and the status quo Machinery products in the computer-aided design is achieved, Intelligent Design Collaborative and meet the needs of the design and manufacture of direction, as product design Computer Methods of a late start, has yet to mature, to achieve the above goals Design tools. The author believes that the integrated use of text in four types of design is an effective way to achieve this goal. Although the comprehensive。
浅议现代机械设计理念和技术展望【摘要】机械设计是机械工业中最为关键的环节，能否做好现代机械设计是机械制造工业发展的关键因素，现代机械设计的理念与传统机械设计相比有着明显的突破，本文就对现代机械设计理念和技术进行了扼要的探讨。
【关键词】机械制造；机械设计；设计理念；技术创新作为国民经济发展和现代化建设的基础性行业，随着现代社会工业化进程的不断加快，工业生产的需要也在不断增大，机械设计的技术水平也在不断的更新进步。
现代机械设计巧妙的结合电子计算机、数学、力学、工程实践理论等领域，颠覆了以往传统的人工或生硬机械化的生产模式，给现代工业制造业带来了全新的改革。
机械工具作为工业生产的基础方式，其奠基作用是无可替代的，现代机械制造行业的发展也是一国的综合国力和技术水平的很好体现，市场经济的飞速发展，科学技术的突飞猛进，和现代化建设的急切脚步都让工业机械的市场需求大大提高，在未来，机械制造行业的发展将有着更好的前景。
现代机械设计应与最先进的科学技术和理念相结合，现代机械设计理念和技术创新对我国机械制造行业的发展有着不可忽略的意义。
1.现代机械设计内涵与设计理念1.1现代机械设计概述现代机械设计就是巧妙的结合电子计算机、数学、力学、工程实践理论等领域，按照具体的使用要求，分析、计算、构思机械的结构、原理、运动、能量和力的传递、零件的形状、大小、润滑等不同的方面，并最终予以制作的全过程。
1.2现代机械设计的方法传统的机械设计一般是按照目标和任务，制定一个方案，甚或制造出具体的样机，而后予以考核评定，在考核评定的基础之上，进行修改，形成第二方案，循环反复进行这一过程一直等到满意为止。
具体的流程是：市场需求调查；归纳相关问题；综合分析问题；优化方案；修改方案；绘制图样。
在传统机械设计中，由于受到设计观念、技术方法和设备条件的限制，设计要借助于大量的静止化和简化假设，这样就大大地影响了设计的精确度，设计中过度依靠主观灵感和经验，高效、准确和科学合理性受到了影响。
现代工业设计理念在机床设计中的作用摘要自加入以来，我国的经济与科技都得到了稳定、快速的发展，在机械制造设计领域也取得了不错的成绩，但相对于其他工业大国，依然存在一定的差距，因此，近几年来，很多的外国企业，纷纷进入到我国市场，对于我国的机械制造发展造成了强大的冲击力，而二十一世纪，是一个追求现代工业设计理念的时代，现代工业设计理念被越来越多的运用到工业产品的设计中，其中也包括机床设计，机床技术含量的高低，直接影响着企业的未来，是企业市场竞争力的根本，因此，对现代工业设计理念的深入研究是很有必要的。
本文，笔者将以机床设计为例，结合机床设计的现状，对如何在机床设计中引入、应用现在工业设计理念进行分析，希望对于我国的机床设计发展有一定的帮助。
关键词；现代工业设计理念；数控机床现代工业设计理念区别于传统工业的原因是人们可以在现代化工业条件下，在产品设计中融入美学元素、自动化元素、信息化元素，而伴随着现代工业化的到来，设计理念也在发生着巨大的变化，尤其在机床设计中，设计师将现代化工业设计理念运用其中，更好的满足了顾客的实用需求与审美需求，因此，在机械制造行业竞争激烈的今天，运用好现在工业设计理念是提升企业竞争力的最好方式。
一、机床设计现状数字化、自动化时代的到来，加快了机床技术的发展，而计算机技术的不断深入，更使得机床在企业发展中扮演越来越重要的角色，为机床发展打开了一扇新的大门——数控机床，上世纪开始，很多的欧美国家就已经开始了数控机床的开发、研究，并形成了产业化发展，而我国由于建国相对较晚，所以在数控机床的开发研究上起步较晚，导致我国的数控机床发展还不够成熟，在机床的设计中仍然存在着许多的不足。
主要为以下几点1．对工业设计的认知不足工业设计理念的产生是在工业革命之后，其核心内容是对产品进行外部包装，即造型设计，经过包豪斯时代发扬，以成为被世界普遍所认同的设计行为。
对工业认知的不足会直接导致产品在外观上缺乏美感和创意性，而随着人们生活水平的提高，在技术水平旗鼓相当的情况下，外观的美感则成为了人们选择的另一个重要因素，这也导致了产品的销售量，对企业的利益造成影响。
机床设计中的现代工业设计理念对于现代机床设计理念而言，追求技术和美学的双功能已经成为新的发展趋势。
传统的机床设计理念已经不能满足人们对机床产品在物资、精神和审美上的需求增长，因此，把美学技术和现代工业设计理念引入机床设计已经到了刻不容缓的地步。
1.机床行业面临的现状从产品进口方面来看，部分价格高昂、大重型的机床在未来的进口比例方面可能会出现不断降低的情况，而由于整个机床行业的发展转变，国内机床生产企业研发出来的大重型机床，其部分重要零附件或许不得不将更多地从国外进口;另一方面，从产品出口方面来看，在国际市场上，由我国机床生产企业设计的中低档次的机床产品及其零附件仍然能受到广大用户的青睐，与此同时，部分高档次、大重型机床未来也将陆续进入国际市场。
因此，不断扩大机床的产品出口便成了我国机床生产企业所面临的新挑战。
出口的机床产品，在面对国际市场时，除了需要满足使用功能之外，还需要在美学技术和设计理念上进行突破和创新。
2.美学技术在机床设计中的应用2.1美学技术应用到人机界面的设计机床产品归根结底还是需要依靠人工来进行操作，因此，机床设计人员在人机界面的设计中，不但要对功能和结构的要求进行保证，还需要将美学技术应当用到机床尺寸、操纵器、指示器的设计方面。
如机床调整的高度、零部件更换的位置、操作系统的布局、维护保养的设置等等都需要考虑正常人体的关节尺寸、运动范围、反应速度以及身心健康等因素，以免造成操作人员使用不便、效率低下;如操纵器和指示器的造型、布局、颜色和方位都需要考虑人体的直觉、心理和生理的特点，不但要美观新颖，还要让操作人员在操纵和观察的时候便于感知。
2.2美学技术应用到外部装饰设计外部装饰设计对于机床设计而言，在某种程度上能够直接影响机床产品的形象并决定机床产品的生命力。
将成熟的美学技术应用到机床产品的外部装饰设计上，让美学和设计互相融合，能使机床产品的设计得到更好的发展，尤其体现在整体配色和标志与装饰线上。
基于现代工业设计理念的机床设计发表时间：2018-07-09T14:35:13.927Z 来源：《基层建设》2018年第13期作者：张仁杉[导读] 摘要：当前，在我国以及国外的一些机械行业中的竞争变得非常的激烈，这种情况使得人们对于机床设计给出了更为严格的要求。
天津精诚机床股份有限公司天津市 300350摘要：当前，在我国以及国外的一些机械行业中的竞争变得非常的激烈，这种情况使得人们对于机床设计给出了更为严格的要求。
而当前工业设计理念对于提升机床设计以及强化企业自身竞争有着决定性的作用。
本文通过对于这一产品设计的使其情况进行分析，将数控机床作为案例，使用现代化的工业设计理念去对机床设计给予有效的诠释。
在产品的绿色设计和语意设计，还有人性化设计以及品牌建设等方面做了着重的分析以及论证。
关键词：现代工业设计理念；产品设计；数控机床1.我国机床设计的现状数控机床是制造业的加工大师，也是国民经济的重要基础。
目前欧洲，美国，日本等工业化国家已完成数控机床产业化，中国始于20世纪80年代，目前仍处于发展阶段。
目前中国的机床设计主要存在以下问题：1.1对工业设计的重要性缺乏了解缺乏对工业设计重要性的认识，产品设计的最直接体现是比较广泛的，缺乏设计感和单调的色彩，缺乏时代感；界面的混乱使用似乎缺乏人文关怀。
事实上，中国的机床设计并不逊于国外的生产和制造公司。
缺少的是工业设计的概念。
就市场而言，产品销售与其功能，性能，质量和技术水平密切相关。
然而，优秀产品的形状，颜色和人性化界面设计可以赢得客户的信赖。
1.2数控机床工业设计缺乏品牌意识品牌意识的缺乏几乎是所有行业，特别是中小企业普遍存在的问题。
由于大环境的影响，中小企业品牌建设的过程有很多客观原因。
但是，品牌产品是非常必要的。
数控机床制造企业也有这个问题，但大多数企业还没有意识到[1]。
缺乏品牌意义的具体表现是对产品的工业设计缺乏战略性评估，缺乏品牌连贯性。
2.数控机床设计中的美学技术美学技术在数控机床设计中的应用主要以机床外部装饰设计为代表。
外文资料翻译译文浅谈基于现代工业设计理念的机床设计摘要由于国内、外机械行业的激烈竞争,对机床设计提出了更高的要求。
现代工业设计理念的引入,对提高机床设计和加强企业的竞争性起着重要的作用。
本文以数控机床为例,分析了该产品设计的现状,用现代工业设计理念来诠释机床设计。
在产品绿色设计、人性化设计、语意设计和品牌建设方面做了重点分析和论证。
关键词:现代工业设计理念; 产品设计; 数控机床1.机床设计的现状,以数控机床为例随着电子信息技术的发展,世界机床业已进入了以数字化制造技术为核心的机电一体化时代,其中数控机床就是代表产品之一。
数控机床是制造业的加工母机和国民经济的重要基础。
它为国民经济各个部门提供装备和手段,具有无限放大的经济与社会效应。
目前,欧、美、日等工业化国家已先后完成了数控机床产业化进程,而中国从20世纪80年代开始起步,仍处于发展阶段。
1.1 对工业设计的重要性认识不足工业设计是工业革命的产物,是科学技术和文化艺术多学科交叉的新兴学科,其核心任务是产品造型设计。
对工业设计的重要性认识的不足,最直接的反映就是产品造型粗放,缺少设计感;色彩单调,缺乏时代性;使用界面混乱,缺乏人文关怀。
中国的机床设计在生产和制造上完全不输给国外的企业,缺少的就是工业设计的意识。
就市场而言,在功能、性能、质量、技术水平差不多的情况下,产品的造型,色彩,使用的界面的人性化设计就显得越来越重要,甚至直接决定产品的销售量。
英国工业设计委员会1998-1999年度对英国企业的工业设计投入与市场收益作比较,该年度采用工业设计的企业,销售额平均增长43%;而未采用工业设计的企业,销售额平均仅增长15%,企业对设计的前期投资,平均在15个月内即口收回,有90%的(工业设计)项目都获得了商业上的成功。
这表明:设计对于企业的意义不只是产品表面上的好看,好用,而是实实在在的商业利益。
1.2 数控机床的工业设计缺少品牌意识缺少品牌的意识,基本上是所有行业的通病,尤其是中小企业,由于大环境的原因,中小企业在品牌化的过程中存在着很多客观的原因,但不管情况怎么样,品牌化是一个必经之路。
1992 年,邓小平在南巡讲话中鼓励中国企业:“我们应该有自己的拳头产品,拥有中国自己的品牌;否则就要受人欺负”。
数控机床生产企业也是一样,多数的企业还是缺乏这方面的意识。
具体表现在:1.2.1 产品的工业设计缺乏企业策略性的考量重视工业设计的多数企业把产品的工业设计只局限在单纯的造型设计上,而不是把设计纳入“设计-开发-生产制造、宣传销售-售后服务”这样一个系统当中。
1.2.2系列产品造型设计缺乏品牌连贯性系列产品造型的品牌连贯性体现在两个方面:一个是指系列内产品。
另一个指的是系列间的产品。
他们构成系列间产品。
品牌的连贯性要求在对产品进行造型设计时既要有共同的识别特征,同时,每个产品之间造型上又要有所差别。
即要做到“和而不同”。
2现代工业设计理念的引入与应用2.1 现代设计理念的引入现代设计理念主要指绿色设计、人性化设计、产品语意的设计和产品的系统设计等。
在设计上,这些主要设计理念与之相对应分别体现在:在环境方面,要体现对环境的关注;在人使用方面,要体现对人的关怀;在产品语意方面,要体现当地的文化特色;在品牌经营层面,要关注产品内在的品质,使得设计成为品牌营销的有效手段。
2.2 现代设计理念的应用现代设计理念在机床产品设计中的运用主要有以下几个方面.2.2.1 绿色设计绿色设计源于人们对现代技术文化所引起的环境及生态的破坏的反思。
对于工业设计来说,3R原则是绿色设计的核心。
所谓的3R是指:Reduce、Recycle和Reuse。
绿色设计要求考虑产品在生命周期内的每一个环节:从产品的创意构思到制造、运输,从产品被消费者使用到最后产品的回收。
确保每一个环节对环境的影响最小。
对于机床产品来说,绿色设计最主要最常见的体现在一下两个方面:1)可拆卸性设计可拆卸性设计是一种使产品容易拆卸并能从材料回收和零件重新使用中获得最高利润的设计方法,是绿色产品设计的主要内容之一。
例如,在机床设计中可以用螺纹联接来代替焊接和铆接等。
螺纹联接不仅易于拆装而且联结可靠,即具有重复使用的特点。
为了减少零件数量,还可使用螺钉集成结构来代替普通螺钉和垫片、防松垫圈等。
可拆卸性设计原则:一是减少拆卸的工作量;二是易于拆卸、分离;三是多用标准件。
2)可回收性设计可回收性设计也是绿色设计的主要内容之一,就是在产品设计初期时考虑其零件回收及再利用的可能性,即在其它新产品中可以利用使用过的或废弃产品中的零部件及材料。
2.2.2 以人为本,注重人性化设计人性化设计,就是要设计以人为本。
他是针对功能主义设计思想的缺陷,提出设计不应该以机器的功能为出发点,而应该把人作为设计的出发点。
以人对产品的使用为基础,使机器能够很好的为人服务。
随着技术的发展,社会的进步,人们对产品的人性化要求也越来越高,尤其是一些关乎人们使用安全的设计—诸如机床产品的设计—在这个方面的要求更高。
以人为本,注重人性化有两个概念:一是符合人的尺度;二是要有很好的操作界面。
符合人的尺度,要求在农机产品设计过程当中,可以运用人机工程学的所提供的数据,对操作的空间大小,操作台面的高低等等进行综合考量。
比如设计数控机床的操作空间时,就要根据人在操作时动态关系来确定空间的大小合理与否。
第二,良好的操作界面,可以使操作起来更加的方便、快捷、安全可靠。
2.2.3 要兼顾文化特色产品语意学告诉我们,产品不仅仅有他的物质功能之外,还体现了一定的文化特征。
机床的造型设计犹如给新娘做嫁衣,新娘的嫁衣不仅可以使新娘子漂亮起来,而且最能体现民族特征和深厚的文化内涵。
在追求机床的科学价值的同时追求艺术和文化价值,甚至将民族的个性特征融入其中。
机床造型体现一个国家、一个行业的形象和设计水平。
机床造型风格的形成受两方面因素的影响。
一是与当时的科技水平有关,二是离不开当时的时尚风格。
要想实现其科学价值与艺术文化价值的融合,文化元素的如何应用显得尤为重要。
2.2.4 产品造型的品牌特性的维持产品系统设计理论告诉我们,设计不再是一个单纯的造型活动,而应该把设计纳入到生产制造、宣传、使用到最后产品废弃回收这一大的循环过程当中,是品牌经营的一个手段。
很多企业忽视了这一点。
比如,很多市场上的农机产品,如果撕去上面的标签,你无法确定它是哪个厂商生产的,造型上缺少品牌的独特性,因此,在产品造型设计时要注意的问题是:产品的造型能否体现品牌的特性。
要体现品牌的特性要注意两点:一点是要注重产品整体要素的统一。
即是要求农机产品在形态、色彩、材料、细节方面的选择要有利于企业形象的识别;第二点是系列产品品牌形象要保持统一。
此外,这还是个长期的工程,需要我们持之以恒的努力.3 结束语过去的30年机床设计的发展取了一定的成绩,值得肯定。
自从加入WTO以后,中国的农机企业将面临多方的压力,其中最主要的压力是来自国外的企业。
新的环境,需要新的设计理念。
著名科学家杨振宁指出:“21世纪将是工业设计的世纪,一个不重视工业设计的国家将是落伍者”。
对于国家而言是这样,对于机床设计工业而言也是同样的道理。
参考文献[1] 吴琼.工业设计——提升中国制造业价值的重要途径[J]. 农业机械,2008,(1):60-61[2] 何人可. 工业设计史[M]. 北京:理工大学出版社,2000.[3] 丁玉兰. 人机工程学[M]. 北京:理工大学出版社,1991.[4] 胡飞. 设计符号与产品语意[M]. 北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1991.[5] 张同. 产品系统设计[M]. 上海:上海人民美术出版社,2004.[6] 张凌浩、刘钢. 产品形象的视觉设计[M]. 南京:东南大学出版社,2005.[7]吴限、刘子健.论文化元素在产品设计中的运用[J].前言探索,2008外文原文Based on the concept of modern industrial design of themachine tool designABSTRACTAs domestic and foreign machinery industry, intense competition, a higher machine tool design requirements. The introduction of modern industrial design, to improve machine design and enhance the competitiveness of enterprises play an important role. In this paper, numerical control machine tools cases, analysis of the status of the product design, Industrial Design with a modern design to interpretation of machine design. in green design, human design, design and brand building semantic done a focus on analysis and argument.Keywords:modern industrial design; product design; CNC machine tools1. The status of machine tool design, CNC machine tools as anexample toWith the Development of electronic information technology, the world has entered the machine to digital manufacturing Technology as the core of the mechanical and electrical integration time, which is representative of one of the products of CNC machine tools. CNC machine tool manufacturing process is an important basis for the master and the national economy. It all sectors of the national economy to provide equipment and tools, with unlimited Economic and social effects of Zoom. At present, Europe, America, Japan and other industrialized countries have completed the process of CNC machine tool industry, and China 80 years from the 20th century started, is still stage of development.1.1 understand the importance of Industrial DesignIndustrial design is a product of the industrial revolution, science and technology, Culture and arts of the emerging interdisciplinary discipline, the core task of product design. Understand the importance of industrial design deficiencies, the most direct form is the product of extensive reflection, the lack of design sense; Color monotone, the lack of the times; use interface confusion and lack of humane care. China's machine tool design and manufacturing in the production is completely lost to foreign enterprises do not lack is the awareness of industrial design. on the market, in features, performance, quality and technical level is almost the case, theproduct shape, color, use the human interface design becomes more and more important, or even directly to the product sales. British Industrial Design Council of British companies 1998-1999 investment in industrial design market returns compared with the year of the industrial design business, with sales up 43% on average; without use of industrial design business, sales increased an average of only 15%, business investment in the early stage of the design, average the Population within 15 months to recover, 90% of the (industrial design) project was a commercial success. This shows that: the significance of design for business are not just a superficial good-looking, easy to use, but a real commercial interests.1.2 The lack of industrial design, CNC machine brand awarenessLack of brand awareness, a common problem is basically all industries, especially SMEs, due to large environmental reasons, SMEs in the process of branding there are many objective reasons, but no matter how kind of situation, the brand is a must In 1992 after the road, Deng Xiaoping's southern tour in his speech to encourage Chinese enterprises: "We should have our own high-quality products, with China's own brand; Otherwise, they will be bullied." CNC machine tool manufacturers, too, the majority of enterprises or lack of awareness. in particular in:1.2.1 lack of corporate strategic industrial design considerationsAttention to the majority of enterprises to industrial design products, industrial design is only limited to the simple design, rather than the design into the "design - Development - manufacturing, sales promotion - after-sales service" which such a system.1.2.2 lack of product design brand consistencyProducts shape the brand consistency is reflected in two aspects: one is the series products. Another refers to the series between the products. They constitute a series of intermediate products. Brand consistency required when the product design should not only Identification of common characteristics, while each product but also some differences between the modeling. that is, to do "and different."2.the introduction of modern industrial design and Application of2.1 The introduction of modern designMainly refers to the modern design concept of green design, human design, product semantics of system design and product design. In the design, these corresponding to the main design concepts are embodied in: the environment, should reflect concern for the environment; in human use, should reflect on the person's care; in product semantics, we must reflect the cultural heritage; in brand management level, to pay attention to the inherent quality products, making the design as an effective means of brand marketing. Links to free papers Download Center 3.2 Application of modern designModern design concept in the Design of machine tools are the following aspects.2.2.1 green designModern green design, Technology and Culture from the people caused by environmental and ecological damage reflection. For industrial designs, 3R principle is the core of green design. The so-called 3R is: Reduce, Recycle and Reuse. Green design into account product life cycle in every aspect: from creative concept to product manufacturing, transportation, from the products used by consumers to the final product recall. to ensure that every aspect of minimal impact on the environment.For the machine tool products, green design is reflected in most of the most common about two aspects:1) design for disassemblyDesign for disassembly is the product easy to disassemble and recycle materials and components from the re-use design for maximum profit, is the green one of the main elements of product design. For example, the design of the machine can be used instead of screw connection such as welding and riveting. thread connection is not only easy installation and reliable connection, that with repeated use features. In order to reduce the number of parts, but also an integrated structure with screws instead of regular screws and washers, lock washers and so on. disassembly design principles: one is to reduce the workload of demolition; the second is easy to remove, separate; third is multi-standard parts.2) Design for recyclingDesign for recycling is also one of the main elements of green design is to be considered early in product design, recycling and reuse of its components the possibility that other new products can take advantage of used or waste product components and materials .2.2.2 People-oriented, pay attention to human designHuman design, is to design the people. He is against the functionalist design defects, proposed design should not be the machine's capabilities as a starting point, but rather to people as a design starting point. To the people on the use of the product based on the machine services can be a good man. With technologicaldevelopment, social progress, the product of human nature that people are increasingly high requirements, especially those relating to the safety of people using the design - such as the design of machine tools - in this area more demanding.People-oriented, focusing on human nature there are two concepts: First, consistent with human scale; the second is to have a good interface. Meet the human scale, requiring agricultural product design process, can be used provided ergonomics data, the operator of the space, the operating table and so the level of comprehensive consideration. such as the operation of CNC machine tool design space, it is necessary under the dynamic relationship between people in the operation to determine the size of the space is reasonable or not. Second, good interface, can be more convenient to operate, fast, safe and reliable.2.2.3 To take into account the cultural characteristicsProduct Semantics tells us, the product not only has his physical features, but also reflects a certain cultural characteristics. Machine design is like to do the wedding dress the bride, the bride's wedding dress up not only the beautiful bride, and the most to reflect the national characteristics and rich cultural connotations. in the pursuit of scientific value of the machine, while the pursuit of artistic and cultural value, and even personality traits into one of the nation. Machine Tools A nation, an industry's image and design level. Machine Tools formed by the two style factors. First, the level of Technology and then the second is inseparable from the then fashionable style. in order to achieve their scientific value, the integration of Art and cultural values, cultural elements of how to use it is particularly important .2.2.4 Product Modeling maintain brand identityProduct design theory tells us that design is no longer a simple modeling activities, but should be incorporated into the design to manufacturing, promotion, use the final product of this great cycle of waste recovery process is a means of brand management. Many companies ignore this. For example, many agricultural products on the market, if torn off the label, you can not determine which manufacturers it is, modeling the lack of uniqueness of the brand, so when the product design should be noted The question is: Can the product reflects the brand's characteristic shape. To embody the characteristics of the brand to note two points: that is to focus on elements of the unity of the whole product. that is required in the form of agricultural products, colors, materials, details of the select favorable corporate image recognition; second in a series of unified brand image to maintain. In addition, this is a long-term project, we need sustained efforts.3.ConclusionOver the past 30 years, the Development of machine tool design to take a certain amount of achievements worthy of recognition. Since joining the WTO, China's agricultural enterprises will face multiple pressures, the pressure is the most important companies from abroad. A new environment, new design. famous scientist Yang said: "21st century will be the century of industrial design, industrial design, an emphasis on the countries will be the laggards." this is for countries, for the machine design Industry and is also the same reason.References[1] Wu Qiong. Industrial Design - enhance the value of China's manufacturing Industry an important way [J]. Agricultural machinery, 2008, (1) :60-61[2] who can. The history of industrial design [M]. Beijing: University Press, 2000.[3] Ding Yulan. Human Engineering [M]. Beijing: University Press, 1991.[4] Hu Fei. Design symbols and product semantics [M]. Beijing: China Building Industry Press, 1991.[5] Zhang same. Product design [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai People's Fine Arts Publishing House, 2004.[6] Zhang Linghao, Liu Gang. Product image of the visual design [M]. Nanjing: Southeast University Press, 2005.[7] NG limit, Liu Zijian. On the cultural elements used in product design [J]. Introduction to explore, 2008。
