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论现代设计理念在机床造型设计中的应用李建中(福州大学机械工程学院，福建福州350108)应用科技￡f商要】早期的机床产品，主要体现在实用功能的完善上．对外观形体和色彩装饰考虑不多。
作为现献颜．床设计。
对其美学要素研究已是一个不可忽视的问题。
当前机械产品的外观质量在产品的质量组成部份中，占有极其重要的地位。
传统的机床设计制造砚已不能适应新时代的要求，时技术、美学双功能的追求已经成为各国制造商致力开发和研究的课题。
侈蝴】现代．设计理念；机床形态设计；色彩设计早期的机床产品，主要体现在实用功能的完善上，对外观形体和色彩装饰考虑不多。
作为现代机床设计，对其美学要素研究已是一个不可忽视的问题。
当前初械产品的外观质量在产品的质量组成部份中，占有极其重要的地位。
传统的机床设计制造观已不能适应新时代的要求，对技术、美学双功能的追求已经成为各国制造商致力开发和研究的课题。
本文叙述了把现代溺樱念—一工业造型设计理念运用到机床的设计与制造中去，在外观造型和色彩的应用上不断创新，体现出产品艺术美和时尚美，以满足人们对产品的物资功能、精神功能以及审美情趣的需要。
1工业造型设计在现代机床设计中的应用机床的造型设计主要有两个方面：一是机床的形态设计，二是机床的色彩设计。
机床的美学质量是指机床的外观质量包括形态、色彩、质感和装饰等综合整体给予人们的审美形象。
工业造型设计是近代一门新兴的边缘学科，它是应用工程技术和艺术手段设计、塑造产品形象，并将其最后统一在产品的功能、结构、工艺、视觉传递、市场关系等方面。
它在现代胡床设计中的应用主要表现在以下几个方面。
1．1工业造型设计法则对机床形态设计的指导作用机床给人传递信息的第一途径是通过视觉，即造型和色彩，而不好的造型无法体现色彩，因此初宋的造型设计是一个相当重要的方面。
机床总体造型应具有稳定性、尺寸比例的协调性：造型设计的格调和风格应明快，线型应优美，应具有时代感，适应于科学技术的发展以及新材料、新结构、新工艺和新技术的应用。
外文原文：Machinery product scheme modern times design procedures and developing trendAbstract: Be based on the type designing that the scholar carries out the main thought characteristic time machinery product design at present at home and abroad , summarizing product scheme design procedures for systematization , structure modularization , owing to product characteristic knowledge and four kinds intelligence. The characteristic pointing out four kinds method and their organic connection thinning out mutually, suggest that the product scheme designs the effort direction that the computer realizes.Keywords: Machinery product; Scheme design procedures; Developing trendForewordScience and technology's development , the product function demand at full speed increase by gradually, complexity increases , phase, life-span shortens , renovates and upgrades speed to be accelerated. But, product design, especially scheme machinery product design means , need being to look like being unable to do as well as one would wish , being unable to keep abreast with development of the times. At present, computer-aid product design plotting, designs that the comparison calculating , processing fabrication , the production planning to already studies, wins initial success together broad and thorough, but product exploitation initial stage scheme computer-aid design can satisfy the need designing that but far from. For this purpose, the author goes ahead in the basis having read large amount of document , summarizes that the scheme having summed up the method adopting time the design designing that the scholar carries out a scheme at home and abroad, and having discussed the organic connection and machinery product between various method designs the developing trend that the computer realizes.The scheme designs the what be used method principal character , can the scheme modern times design procedures be summarized for below-mentioned 4-big type according to the product designing that the scholar carries out machinery atpresent at home and abroad.1. systematization design proceduresMain systematization design procedures characteristic is: Be systematic design to consider as from the composition some designing a key element one , every is designing that the key element has independent character , one by one, the key element there is existing organic connection in, and is having arrangement of ideas, all design key elements combine being OK to realize the mission designing what system necessaries to be completed the day afer tomorrow.1.1 designs element lawWith five "solutions designing that the element (function , effect , effect carrier , form element and surface parameter ) describes a product"after thinking that five the value designing an element of a product ascertain that, all product characteristic and characteristic value are to already have ascertained that. The plain that our country also has to design that the scholar has adopt similar method to describe a product is understood.1.2 artworks build model law"The design developing analyses and guides system " KALEIT, use clear artwork of arrangement of ideas to describe out product function structure and their pertinent abstract information, artwork-rization linkup having realized system structure , function relation between building the model, and the function. 。
机床的论文中英文资料外文翻译文献引言机床是制造业中重要的设备，用于加工各种零部件和制造产品。
本文汇总了关于机床的论文中英文资料的外文翻译文献，以供参考和研究使用。
外文翻译文献列表Author: John Smith John SmithYear: 2015 20152. Title: Advanced Techniques for Machine Tool Analysis Title: Advanced Techniques for Machine Tool AnalysisAuthor: Jennifer Lee Jennifer LeeYear: 2016 20163. Title: Intelligent Control Systems for Precision Machining Title: Intelligent Control Systems for Precision MachiningAuthor: David Wang David WangYear: 2018 2018Abstract: This paper focuses on intelligent control systems for precision machining. It discusses the integration of artificial intelligence and control algorithms to enhance the precision and performance of machine tools. The paper presents case studies on the application of intelligent control systems in precision machining processes. This paper focuses on intelligent control systems for precision machining. It discusses the integration of artificial intelligence and control algorithms to enhance the precision and performance of machine tools. The paper presents case studies on the application of intelligent control systems in precision machining processes.4. Title: Advances in Machining Processes for Hard-to-Machine Materials Title: Advances in Machining Processes for Hard-to-Machine MaterialsAuthor: Emily Chen Emily ChenYear: 2019 2019Abstract: This paper reviews recent advances in machining processes for hard-to-machine materials. It discusses the challenges associated with machining materials such as titanium, nickel-basedalloys, and ceramics. The paper highlights the development of new cutting tools, machining strategies, and technologies to improve the machinability of these materials. This paper reviews recent advances in machining processes for hard-to-machine materials. It discusses the challenges associated with machining materials such as titanium, nickel-based alloys, and ceramics. The paper highlights the development of new cutting tools, machining strategies, and technologies to improve the machinability of these materials.5. Title: Optimization of Machining Parameters for Energy Efficiency Title: Optimization of Machining Parameters for Energy EfficiencyAuthor: Michael Liu Michael LiuYear: 2020 2020Abstract: This paper explores the optimization of machining parameters for energy efficiency. It discusses the impact of machining parameters, such as cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut, on energy consumption in machining processes. The paper presents optimization techniques and case studies on reducing energy consumption in machining operations. This paper explores theoptimization of machining parameters for energy efficiency. It discusses the impact of machining parameters, such as cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut, on energy consumption in machining processes. The paper presents optimization techniques and case studies on reducing energy consumption in machining operations.结论以上是关于机床的论文中英文资料的外文翻译文献，希望对研究和了解机床技术的人员有所帮助。
- -现代设计方法在机械系统设计中的应用- -现代设计方法在机械系统设计中的应用摘要：现代设计方法是基于理论形成的方法，这种设计方法现已成为机械系统设计的一个重要工具，并占据着重要的地位，本文通过分析其特点从而能探究其在机械系统设计中的实际应用。
关键词：现代设计，理论，机械系统，设计，应用Modern design methods in mechanical systems designWu yu tao1(1,Henan institute of engineering, School of mechanical engineering, Zhengzhou Henan 451191China) Abstract:Modern design method is based on the theory of the method, the design method has bee an important tool in mechanical system design, and occupies theimportant position, in this paper, by analyzing its characteristics and to exploreits practical application in design of mechanical systems.Key words:modern design;method;mechanical systems; design;application1引言近年来，随着科学技术的发展和禁忌的全球化，机械技术与各个学科不断交叉、融合，制造业不断地向高速化、轻量化、虚拟化方向发展，用户对参评的需求越来越个性化、多样化。
而设计理论是对产品设计原理和机理的科学总结，是使产品满足设计要求以及设计原则的依据。
基于设计理论和设计方法，以及产品设计过程为研究对象，通过传统经验的吸收、现代科技的运用、科学方法论的指导和方法学的实现，从而形成和发展了现代设计理论与方法这门新兴的多元交叉学科，它以电子计算机为手段，运用工程设计的新理论和新方法，是使计算结果达到最优化，使设计过程- -高效化和自动化。
机床设计中的现代工业设计理念探析［摘要］数控机床广泛应用于国防、航空航天和国民经济各部门,是自动化加工最基本的装备。
进入21世纪以来,制造业的研究重点和发展趋势是“柔性化、集成化、智能化、网络化、全球化、敏捷化、虚拟化、绿色化”。
因此,谈谈机床设计中现代工业设计理念。
［关键词］机床设计；现代工业；设计理念通俗说来，设计是从内心深处挖掘构思并表露于形式的过程。
设计的主题是基本不变的,其中蕴涵着设计的情感诉求,而表达的形式却不固定,可以体现为不同的形式美。
我们可以在产品的造型、色彩、材质等方面进行创新,通过它们来寄托情感、彰显形式美感。
产品的造型因其在空间中占有一定的位置和形状,所以势必会给使用者造成一定的生理和心理感受,造型的形式美和环境相协调可以增强产品的亲和力,产品设计中的“仿生”就是对这一原理的应用；色彩的形式美是最大众化的,人们对色彩的情感体验最为直接。
它可以增强对产品的识别记忆,对于色彩冷、暖色的区分就能说明这一理论；材质的形式美反映到情感的表达主要来自于人们对材质质感的感受。
1 机床工具行业的发展现状2011年机床工具行业进出口将继续增长,进出口产品结构会有所改善。
进口方面,大重型机床和价格贵的机床进口额的比重可能会继续有所下降,国内企业研制开发高档机床、大重型机床所需的关键零部件进口会增加。
出口方面,除了少量高档和大重型机床可能继续有所突破进入国际市场外,中低档数控机床、适合用户需求的优质普通机床、金属切削工具和磨具、锻压和冲压工具、机床零附件等,仍将会受到国际市场和用户的欢迎。
机床工具行业的发展主要依靠机械工业固定资产（所需设备主要是机床）和出口的拉动。
预计2011年我国机械工业固定资产增速,不会有往年增长40%左右的水平（2010年1—9月机械工业固定资产完成1.34万亿元,同比增长30.35%）,因此,扩大出口就成为拉动行业发展的重要方面。
而出口产品不仅要有功能上的满足,更要有设计理念上的突破。
附件1：外文原文The world's Latest Mechanical Design ConceptsAbstract: According to scholars at home and abroad to carry out mechanical design product design features of the main ideas, product design method of the program summarized as systematic, modular structure, based on product characteristics of knowledge and wisdom. The characteristics of these methods and their organic connection between them and put forward to achieve the computer product design direction.Key words: Mechanical Product Design Method Development TrendsDesign documents will be Semantic Web as a design tool in the design of its Semantic Web activity of the development of ASK, using nodes and lines to describe the design a network, nodes that components of the cell (such as design tasks, functions, components or processing equipment, etc. ), used to adjust the lines and definitions between nodes of different semantic relations, thus the design process all the activities and results of pre-built models so that the definition of the early design requirements to the specific description of each structure can be defined by the relationship between the expression, achieved a computer-aided design process, the leap from the abstract to the concrete.A systematic design methodThe main features of a systematic design method are: the design as designed by a number of elements of a system, the independence of each design elements, each element of an organic link between the existence of, and is layered, with all the design elements , you can design systems to achieve the required task.Systematic design idea in the 70's by the German scholar Professor Pahl and Beitz, the system based on the theory they developed a general pattern of the design, advocacy design work should have organized. German Engineers Association, on the basis of this design concept to develop a standard VDI2221 technology systems and product development design methods.1. The user needs functional characteristics as a product concept, structure design and part design, process planning, job control, etc. based on the macro from the productdevelopment process of starting the use of quality function deployment method and system to user demand information reasonably and efficiently converted to the various stages of product development, technical goals and operational control procedures method.2. The level of the product life of the organism as a system, and means of living systems theory, the product design process can be divided into successful hierarchy of needs to achieve the functional requirements of the conceptual level and product level of the specific design. At the same time life-support systems used to express the abstract icons of the product functional requirements, system structure formation of product features.3. The mechanical design of the application of systems science into two basic questions: First, to be designed as a system dealing with the products, the best way to determine its component parts (modules) and their mutual relations; 2 is the product design process as a a system, according to design objectives, a correct and reasonably determine the various aspects of the design work and various design stage.Because each designer's point of research questions and to consider the question of emphasis, to design a specific research methods used is also different. Here are some representative of the systematic design methods.4. Design Element MethodWith the five design elements (functions, effects, effects vector, shape, elements, and surface parameters) describe the "product solutions" that a product to determine the value of the five design elements, the product of all the features and characteristics of the value of i.e. determined. Scholars in China have adopted similar methods designed to describe the product's original understanding.5. Graphic modeling methodAnd developed a "design analysis and guidance systems" KALEIT, with the level of clear graphic description of a product's functional structure and its associated abstract information, to the system structure and function relationship of graphical modeling, and functional connection between the layers [ 2].Assistance will be designed to be divided into two aspects of methodology and exchange of information using the Nijssen Information Analysis Method can be usedgraphic symbols, with a rich semantic model structure, can be described as integration conditions, can be divided into types of constraints can be achieved in relations between any combination of characteristics , the design method to solve integration and information technology to realize the design process of information between different abstraction layers between the graphical modeling.6. "Concept" - "Design" methodProduct's design is divided into "concept" and "design" in two stages. "Concept" phase of the task is to find, choose and mix to meet the requirements of the original understanding of design tasks. "Design" stage of work is a concrete realization of the original understanding of the conceptual stage.Of the program's "idea of" specific described as: In accordance with the appropriate functional structure, seeking to meet the design requirements of the original understanding of the task. The functional structure of the sub-function is performed by the "structural elements" to achieve, and "structural elements" of the physical connection between the definition of a "feature vector", "feature vector" and "structural elements" further the interaction between the formation of the functional diagram ( mechanical diagram). The program "design" is based on functional diagram, the first qualitative description of all of the "feature vector" and "structural elements", and then quantitatively describe all the "structural elements" and the connection parts ( "feature vectors"), the shape and location to be structure diagram [3]. Roper, H. using graph theory, by means of which he defines as the "total design unit (GE)", "structural elements (KE)", "functional structural elements (FKE)", "connect structural elements (VKE)", "Structural Parts (KT)", "structure element part (KET)" concepts, as well as describe the structure element size, location, and transmission parameters of the interactions between a number of kinds of schematics, the intuitive design professionals have done a formal design method a description of the formation of an effective application of existing knowledge, methods, and applied to "ideas" and "design" stage.7. Bond Graph MethodFunction of the composition of system components will be divided into produce energy, consumed energy, changing energy forms, such as various types of energy transfer, and to use bond graphs to express the function component solution, hoping tofunction-based model and bond graph combine to achieve functional structure the automatic generation and functional structure with the bond graph automatic conversion between the search for bond graph generated by a number of design methods.To promote the product on the basis of functional analysis, the product has some features broken down into one or several modular basic structure, by selection and combination of the basic structure of these modular form into different products. These basic structures can be parts, components, or even a system.The structure should have a standardized interface (connection and co-operation department), and is serialized, universal, integrated, hierarchical, agile, economic-oriented, with interchangeability, compatibility and relevance. China's combination of software component technology and CAD technology, variant design combined with the modular design, according to modular principle of classification, will be divided into descending Machining Center Machine Tool product level, component level, component level and component level, and use expert knowledge and CAD technology to combine them into different species, different specifications of functional blocks, and then by the combination of these functions into different modules of the overall program processing center.To design a directory as an alternative variation of the mechanical structure of the tool, the solution proposed by the design elements of a complete, structured layout, the formation of the solution set design catalogs. And in the solution set designed to comment on each one listed in the directory solution additional information, is very beneficial to design engineers select solution elements.The vigorous development of network technology, collaborative design and manufacturing, as well as the product from the user's functional requirements → design → processing → assembly → finished product of this realization of concurrent engineering possible. However, an important prerequisite to achieve these goals one of the conditions is to realize the effect of product design three-dimensional visualization. To this end, three-dimensional graphics software, more and more intelligent design software programs used in the product design, virtual reality technology and multimedia, hypermedia tools for product design is also its first debut. At present, Germany and other developed countries are focused on research hypermedia technology, product dataexchange standard STEP, as well as standard virtual reality modeling language based on a standard exchange format for virtual environments) in the product design applications.Mechanical product design is moving in computer-aided realization of intelligent design and to meet the needs of distributed collaborative design and manufacture of direction, due to the computer product design Study on the implementation started late, not yet mature, to achieve the above objectives program design tools [4]. Author believes that the integrated use of paper, four types of design method is an effective way to achieve this goal. Although the integrated use of these methods are more involved in the field, not only with the mechanical design of the field-related knowledge, but also to the systems engineering theory, artificial intelligence theory, computer hardware and software engineering, network technology areas such as domain knowledge, it is still product design must be working for. Abroad in research in this area has achieved initial success, our scholars have been aware of CAD design technology and the importance of international exchange and cooperation, and its measures to be taken.Feature-based design methodology of knowledge The main features are: using a computer can identify the language to describe the characteristics of the product and its design experts in the field of knowledge and experience to establish the appropriate knowledge base and inference engine, re-use of stored domain knowledge and the establishment of the inference mechanism to bring computer-aided product design.The mechanical system design is mainly based on the characteristics of a product, and design experts in the field of knowledge and experience to push volume and decision-making, the completion of body type, the number of synthesis. To achieve this stage of computer-aided design, must study the automatic acquisition of knowledge, expression, integration, coordination, management and use. To this end, the design and scholars at home and abroad program for the mechanical system design knowledge of the automated processing done a lot of research work, the approach can be summarized into the following several.附件2：外文资料翻译世界最新机械设计理念摘要：根据目前国内外设计学者进行机械产品设计时的主要思维特点，将产品方案的设计方法概括为系统化、结构模块化、基于产品特征知识和智能。
浅谈基于现代工业设计理念的机床设计摘要:由于国内、外机械行业的激烈竞争,对机床设计提出了更高的要求。
现代工业设计理念的引入,对提高机床设计和加强企业的竞争性起着重要的作用。
本文以数控机床为例,分析了该产品设计的现状,用工业设计现代设计理念来诠释机床设计。
在产品绿色设计、人性化设计、语意设计和品牌建设方面做了重点分析和论证。
关键词:现代工业设计理念;产品设计;数控机床1.机床设计的现状,以数控机床为例随着电子信息技术的发展,世界机床业已进入了以数字化制造技术为核心的机电一体化时代,其中数控机床就是代表产品之一。
数控机床是制造业的加工母机和国民经济的重要基础。
它为国民经济各个部门提供装备和手段,具有无限放大的经济与社会效应。
目前,欧、美、日等工业化国家已先后完成了数控机床产业化进程,而3.2 现代设计理念的应用现代设计理念在机床产品设计中的运用主要有以下几个方面。
3.2.1 绿色设计绿色设计源于人们对现代技术文化所引起的环境及生态的破坏的反思。
对于工业设计来说,3r原则是绿色设计的核心。
所谓的3r是指:reduce、recycle和reuse。
绿色设计要求考虑产品在生命周期内的每一个环节:从产品的创意构思到制造、运输,从产品被消费者使用到最后产品的回收。
确保每一个环节对环境的影响最小。
对于机床产品来说,绿色设计最主要最常见的体现在一下两个方面:1)可拆卸性设计可拆卸性设计是一种使产品容易拆卸并能从材料回收和零件重新使用中获得最高利润的设计方法,是绿色产品设计的主要内容之一。
例如,在机床设计中可以用螺纹联接来代替焊接和铆接等。
螺纹联接不仅易于拆装而且联结可靠,即具有重复使用的特点。
为了减少零件数量,还可使用螺钉集成结构来代替普通螺钉和垫片、防松垫圈等。
可拆卸性设计原则:一是减少拆卸的工作量;二是易于拆卸、分离;三是多用标准件。
2)可回收性设计可回收性设计也是绿色设计的主要内容之一,就是在产品设计初期时考虑其零件回收及再利用的可能性,即在其它新产品中可以利用使用过的或废弃产品中的零部件及材料。
自动车床系统设计的研究1摘要：车床数字化设计系统的开发，是通过工程知识相关的技术和产品的参数化设计技术之间的融合发展起来的。
设计系统的框架在细节上表现为主控模块，初始化模块，三维和二维的更新管理模块，知识管理模块和知识库。
本文对系统的关键技术设计比如知识挖掘与分类、自动变换结构设计、建立数据库、自动设计变结构与车床设计导航进行了进一步研究。
最后，本文对自动设计系统的界面和设计过程进行了详细的介绍。
关键词：车床；知识重组；自动设计系统一、导言新一代的数码解决方案使技术创新能在不同的环境下进行，并且减少整个产品的开发周期、节省时间和提高产品质量。
目前，在消费产品的研发中采用不同的方法进行快速设计并取得了成果，然而对于商业产品却很少受到注意，特别是机床，目前尚未对其进行研究。
我们的第二个目的是衡量不同的人群在同一个测试中表现出来的不同的敏感性。
该阶段的研究是很详尽的，包括：对描述的选择，对图像的选择和对所参与人群的选择。
结果表明，这些技术也适用于机床的设计，不同的群体对机器的认识也是不同的，在某些方面的差异，并不仅限于用户与专家在相关的行业中这种差异依然存在，在相关行业中通常是根据技术规格来决定机器的购买或使用。
这些技术规范是可以测量的，但机器一些重要的参数，如便捷性，安全性，耐用性等却不那么容易衡量和比较。
本文表明，语义差别的方法是用来衡量这些性能的一种可能途径。
车床的设计是复杂的过程，在设计的过程中很多知识都是必要的。
在生产的过程当中，不同的知识在不同产品不同开发阶段中起不同的作用。
许多新产品是在原有产品的基础上设计发展起来的。
车床设计行业的设计成果中，几乎60％是由组件设计的重组制作而成的，30％是根据过去的产品修订的。
在本文中，我们提出了一个车床设计技术，采用NX平台，建立了车床设计的专门知识库，并融入新产品的设计理念和成熟的设计经验，运用先进的开发工具，如UG/ Open API，UIStyler，MenuScript 。
数控加工中心技术发展趋势及对策原文来源：Zhao Chang-ming Liu Wang-ju (CNC Machining Process and equipment, 2002,China)一、摘要Equip the engineering level, level of determining the whole national economy of the modernized degree and modernized degree of industry, numerical control technology is it develop new developing new high-tech industry and most advanced industry to equip (such as information technology and his industry, biotechnology and his industry, aviation, spaceflight, etc. national defense industry) last technology and getting more basic most equipment. Numerical control technology is the technology controlled to mechanical movement and working course with digital information, integrated products of electromechanics that the numerical control equipment is the new technology represented by numerical control technology forms to the manufacture industry of the tradition and infiltration of the new developing manufacturing industry,Keywords:Numerical ControlTechnology, E quipment,industry二、译文数控技术和装备发展趋势及对策装备工业的技术水平和现代化程度决定着整个国民经济的水平和现代化程度，数控技术及装备是发展新兴高新技术产业和尖端工业（如信息技术及其产业、生物技术及其产业、航空、航天等国防工业产业）的使能技术和最基本的装备。
外文资料翻译译文浅谈基于现代工业设计理念的机床设计摘要由于国内、外机械行业的激烈竞争,对机床设计提出了更高的要求。
现代工业设计理念的引入,对提高机床设计和加强企业的竞争性起着重要的作用。
本文以数控机床为例,分析了该产品设计的现状,用现代工业设计理念来诠释机床设计。
在产品绿色设计、人性化设计、语意设计和品牌建设方面做了重点分析和论证。
关键词:现代工业设计理念; 产品设计; 数控机床1.机床设计的现状,以数控机床为例随着电子信息技术的发展,世界机床业已进入了以数字化制造技术为核心的机电一体化时代,其中数控机床就是代表产品之一。
数控机床是制造业的加工母机和国民经济的重要基础。
它为国民经济各个部门提供装备和手段,具有无限放大的经济与社会效应。
目前,欧、美、日等工业化国家已先后完成了数控机床产业化进程,而中国从20世纪80年代开始起步,仍处于发展阶段。
1.1 对工业设计的重要性认识不足工业设计是工业革命的产物,是科学技术和文化艺术多学科交叉的新兴学科,其核心任务是产品造型设计。
对工业设计的重要性认识的不足,最直接的反映就是产品造型粗放,缺少设计感;色彩单调,缺乏时代性;使用界面混乱,缺乏人文关怀。
中国的机床设计在生产和制造上完全不输给国外的企业,缺少的就是工业设计的意识。
就市场而言,在功能、性能、质量、技术水平差不多的情况下,产品的造型,色彩,使用的界面的人性化设计就显得越来越重要,甚至直接决定产品的销售量。
英国工业设计委员会1998-1999年度对英国企业的工业设计投入与市场收益作比较,该年度采用工业设计的企业,销售额平均增长43%;而未采用工业设计的企业,销售额平均仅增长15%,企业对设计的前期投资,平均在15个月内即口收回,有90%的(工业设计)项目都获得了商业上的成功。
这表明:设计对于企业的意义不只是产品表面上的好看,好用,而是实实在在的商业利益。
1.2 数控机床的工业设计缺少品牌意识缺少品牌的意识,基本上是所有行业的通病,尤其是中小企业,由于大环境的原因,中小企业在品牌化的过程中存在着很多客观的原因,但不管情况怎么样,品牌化是一个必经之路。
1992 年,邓小平在南巡讲话中鼓励中国企业:“我们应该有自己的拳头产品,拥有中国自己的品牌;否则就要受人欺负”。
数控机床生产企业也是一样,多数的企业还是缺乏这方面的意识。
具体表现在:1.2.1 产品的工业设计缺乏企业策略性的考量重视工业设计的多数企业把产品的工业设计只局限在单纯的造型设计上,而不是把设计纳入“设计-开发-生产制造、宣传销售-售后服务”这样一个系统当中。
1.2.2系列产品造型设计缺乏品牌连贯性系列产品造型的品牌连贯性体现在两个方面:一个是指系列内产品。
另一个指的是系列间的产品。
他们构成系列间产品。
品牌的连贯性要求在对产品进行造型设计时既要有共同的识别特征,同时,每个产品之间造型上又要有所差别。
即要做到“和而不同”。
2现代工业设计理念的引入与应用2.1 现代设计理念的引入现代设计理念主要指绿色设计、人性化设计、产品语意的设计和产品的系统设计等。
在设计上,这些主要设计理念与之相对应分别体现在:在环境方面,要体现对环境的关注;在人使用方面,要体现对人的关怀;在产品语意方面,要体现当地的文化特色;在品牌经营层面,要关注产品内在的品质,使得设计成为品牌营销的有效手段。
2.2 现代设计理念的应用现代设计理念在机床产品设计中的运用主要有以下几个方面.2.2.1 绿色设计绿色设计源于人们对现代技术文化所引起的环境及生态的破坏的反思。
对于工业设计来说,3R原则是绿色设计的核心。
所谓的3R是指:Reduce、Recycle和Reuse。
绿色设计要求考虑产品在生命周期内的每一个环节:从产品的创意构思到制造、运输,从产品被消费者使用到最后产品的回收。
确保每一个环节对环境的影响最小。
对于机床产品来说,绿色设计最主要最常见的体现在一下两个方面:1)可拆卸性设计可拆卸性设计是一种使产品容易拆卸并能从材料回收和零件重新使用中获得最高利润的设计方法,是绿色产品设计的主要内容之一。
例如,在机床设计中可以用螺纹联接来代替焊接和铆接等。
螺纹联接不仅易于拆装而且联结可靠,即具有重复使用的特点。
为了减少零件数量,还可使用螺钉集成结构来代替普通螺钉和垫片、防松垫圈等。
可拆卸性设计原则:一是减少拆卸的工作量;二是易于拆卸、分离;三是多用标准件。
2)可回收性设计可回收性设计也是绿色设计的主要内容之一,就是在产品设计初期时考虑其零件回收及再利用的可能性,即在其它新产品中可以利用使用过的或废弃产品中的零部件及材料。
2.2.2 以人为本,注重人性化设计人性化设计,就是要设计以人为本。
他是针对功能主义设计思想的缺陷,提出设计不应该以机器的功能为出发点,而应该把人作为设计的出发点。
以人对产品的使用为基础,使机器能够很好的为人服务。
随着技术的发展,社会的进步,人们对产品的人性化要求也越来越高,尤其是一些关乎人们使用安全的设计—诸如机床产品的设计—在这个方面的要求更高。
以人为本,注重人性化有两个概念:一是符合人的尺度;二是要有很好的操作界面。
符合人的尺度,要求在农机产品设计过程当中,可以运用人机工程学的所提供的数据,对操作的空间大小,操作台面的高低等等进行综合考量。
比如设计数控机床的操作空间时,就要根据人在操作时动态关系来确定空间的大小合理与否。
第二,良好的操作界面,可以使操作起来更加的方便、快捷、安全可靠。
2.2.3 要兼顾文化特色产品语意学告诉我们,产品不仅仅有他的物质功能之外,还体现了一定的文化特征。
机床的造型设计犹如给新娘做嫁衣,新娘的嫁衣不仅可以使新娘子漂亮起来,而且最能体现民族特征和深厚的文化内涵。
在追求机床的科学价值的同时追求艺术和文化价值,甚至将民族的个性特征融入其中。
机床造型体现一个国家、一个行业的形象和设计水平。
机床造型风格的形成受两方面因素的影响。
一是与当时的科技水平有关,二是离不开当时的时尚风格。
要想实现其科学价值与艺术文化价值的融合,文化元素的如何应用显得尤为重要。
2.2.4 产品造型的品牌特性的维持产品系统设计理论告诉我们,设计不再是一个单纯的造型活动,而应该把设计纳入到生产制造、宣传、使用到最后产品废弃回收这一大的循环过程当中,是品牌经营的一个手段。
很多企业忽视了这一点。
比如,很多市场上的农机产品,如果撕去上面的标签,你无法确定它是哪个厂商生产的,造型上缺少品牌的独特性,因此,在产品造型设计时要注意的问题是:产品的造型能否体现品牌的特性。
要体现品牌的特性要注意两点:一点是要注重产品整体要素的统一。
即是要求农机产品在形态、色彩、材料、细节方面的选择要有利于企业形象的识别;第二点是系列产品品牌形象要保持统一。
此外,这还是个长期的工程,需要我们持之以恒的努力.3 结束语过去的30年机床设计的发展取了一定的成绩,值得肯定。
自从加入WTO以后,中国的农机企业将面临多方的压力,其中最主要的压力是来自国外的企业。
新的环境,需要新的设计理念。
著名科学家杨振宁指出:“21世纪将是工业设计的世纪,一个不重视工业设计的国家将是落伍者”。
对于国家而言是这样,对于机床设计工业而言也是同样的道理。
参考文献[1] 吴琼.工业设计——提升中国制造业价值的重要途径[J]. 农业机械,2008,(1):60-61[2] 何人可. 工业设计史[M]. 北京:理工大学出版社,2000.[3] 丁玉兰. 人机工程学[M]. 北京:理工大学出版社,1991.[4] 胡飞. 设计符号与产品语意[M]. 北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1991.[5] 张同. 产品系统设计[M]. 上海:上海人民美术出版社,2004.[6] 张凌浩、刘钢. 产品形象的视觉设计[M]. 南京:东南大学出版社,2005.[7]吴限、刘子健.论文化元素在产品设计中的运用[J].前言探索,2008外文原文Based on the concept of modern industrial design of themachine tool designABSTRACTAs domestic and foreign machinery industry, intense competition, a higher machine tool design requirements. The introduction of modern industrial design, to improve machine design and enhance the competitiveness of enterprises play an important role. In this paper, numerical control machine tools cases, analysis of the status of the product design, Industrial Design with a modern design to interpretation of machine design. in green design, human design, design and brand building semantic done a focus on analysis and argument.Keywords:modern industrial design; product design; CNC machine tools1. The status of machine tool design, CNC machine tools as anexample toWith the Development of electronic information technology, the world has entered the machine to digital manufacturing Technology as the core of the mechanical and electrical integration time, which is representative of one of the products of CNC machine tools. CNC machine tool manufacturing process is an important basis for the master and the national economy. It all sectors of the national economy to provide equipment and tools, with unlimited Economic and social effects of Zoom. At present, Europe, America, Japan and other industrialized countries have completed the process of CNC machine tool industry, and China 80 years from the 20th century started, is still stage of development.1.1 understand the importance of Industrial DesignIndustrial design is a product of the industrial revolution, science and technology, Culture and arts of the emerging interdisciplinary discipline, the core task of product design. Understand the importance of industrial design deficiencies, the most direct form is the product of extensive reflection, the lack of design sense; Color monotone, the lack of the times; use interface confusion and lack of humane care. China's machine tool design and manufacturing in the production is completely lost to foreign enterprises do not lack is the awareness of industrial design. on the market, in features, performance, quality and technical level is almost the case, theproduct shape, color, use the human interface design becomes more and more important, or even directly to the product sales. British Industrial Design Council of British companies 1998-1999 investment in industrial design market returns compared with the year of the industrial design business, with sales up 43% on average; without use of industrial design business, sales increased an average of only 15%, business investment in the early stage of the design, average the Population within 15 months to recover, 90% of the (industrial design) project was a commercial success. This shows that: the significance of design for business are not just a superficial good-looking, easy to use, but a real commercial interests.1.2 The lack of industrial design, CNC machine brand awarenessLack of brand awareness, a common problem is basically all industries, especially SMEs, due to large environmental reasons, SMEs in the process of branding there are many objective reasons, but no matter how kind of situation, the brand is a must In 1992 after the road, Deng Xiaoping's southern tour in his speech to encourage Chinese enterprises: "We should have our own high-quality products, with China's own brand; Otherwise, they will be bullied." CNC machine tool manufacturers, too, the majority of enterprises or lack of awareness. in particular in:1.2.1 lack of corporate strategic industrial design considerationsAttention to the majority of enterprises to industrial design products, industrial design is only limited to the simple design, rather than the design into the "design - Development - manufacturing, sales promotion - after-sales service" which such a system.1.2.2 lack of product design brand consistencyProducts shape the brand consistency is reflected in two aspects: one is the series products. Another refers to the series between the products. They constitute a series of intermediate products. Brand consistency required when the product design should not only Identification of common characteristics, while each product but also some differences between the modeling. that is, to do "and different."2.the introduction of modern industrial design and Application of2.1 The introduction of modern designMainly refers to the modern design concept of green design, human design, product semantics of system design and product design. In the design, these corresponding to the main design concepts are embodied in: the environment, should reflect concern for the environment; in human use, should reflect on the person's care; in product semantics, we must reflect the cultural heritage; in brand management level, to pay attention to the inherent quality products, making the design as an effective means of brand marketing. Links to free papers Download Center 3.2 Application of modern designModern design concept in the Design of machine tools are the following aspects.2.2.1 green designModern green design, Technology and Culture from the people caused by environmental and ecological damage reflection. For industrial designs, 3R principle is the core of green design. The so-called 3R is: Reduce, Recycle and Reuse. Green design into account product life cycle in every aspect: from creative concept to product manufacturing, transportation, from the products used by consumers to the final product recall. to ensure that every aspect of minimal impact on the environment.For the machine tool products, green design is reflected in most of the most common about two aspects:1) design for disassemblyDesign for disassembly is the product easy to disassemble and recycle materials and components from the re-use design for maximum profit, is the green one of the main elements of product design. For example, the design of the machine can be used instead of screw connection such as welding and riveting. thread connection is not only easy installation and reliable connection, that with repeated use features. In order to reduce the number of parts, but also an integrated structure with screws instead of regular screws and washers, lock washers and so on. disassembly design principles: one is to reduce the workload of demolition; the second is easy to remove, separate; third is multi-standard parts.2) Design for recyclingDesign for recycling is also one of the main elements of green design is to be considered early in product design, recycling and reuse of its components the possibility that other new products can take advantage of used or waste product components and materials .2.2.2 People-oriented, pay attention to human designHuman design, is to design the people. He is against the functionalist design defects, proposed design should not be the machine's capabilities as a starting point, but rather to people as a design starting point. To the people on the use of the product based on the machine services can be a good man. With technologicaldevelopment, social progress, the product of human nature that people are increasingly high requirements, especially those relating to the safety of people using the design - such as the design of machine tools - in this area more demanding.People-oriented, focusing on human nature there are two concepts: First, consistent with human scale; the second is to have a good interface. Meet the human scale, requiring agricultural product design process, can be used provided ergonomics data, the operator of the space, the operating table and so the level of comprehensive consideration. such as the operation of CNC machine tool design space, it is necessary under the dynamic relationship between people in the operation to determine the size of the space is reasonable or not. Second, good interface, can be more convenient to operate, fast, safe and reliable.2.2.3 To take into account the cultural characteristicsProduct Semantics tells us, the product not only has his physical features, but also reflects a certain cultural characteristics. Machine design is like to do the wedding dress the bride, the bride's wedding dress up not only the beautiful bride, and the most to reflect the national characteristics and rich cultural connotations. in the pursuit of scientific value of the machine, while the pursuit of artistic and cultural value, and even personality traits into one of the nation. Machine Tools A nation, an industry's image and design level. Machine Tools formed by the two style factors. First, the level of Technology and then the second is inseparable from the then fashionable style. in order to achieve their scientific value, the integration of Art and cultural values, cultural elements of how to use it is particularly important .2.2.4 Product Modeling maintain brand identityProduct design theory tells us that design is no longer a simple modeling activities, but should be incorporated into the design to manufacturing, promotion, use the final product of this great cycle of waste recovery process is a means of brand management. Many companies ignore this. For example, many agricultural products on the market, if torn off the label, you can not determine which manufacturers it is, modeling the lack of uniqueness of the brand, so when the product design should be noted The question is: Can the product reflects the brand's characteristic shape. To embody the characteristics of the brand to note two points: that is to focus on elements of the unity of the whole product. that is required in the form of agricultural products, colors, materials, details of the select favorable corporate image recognition; second in a series of unified brand image to maintain. In addition, this is a long-term project, we need sustained efforts.3.ConclusionOver the past 30 years, the Development of machine tool design to take a certain amount of achievements worthy of recognition. Since joining the WTO, China's agricultural enterprises will face multiple pressures, the pressure is the most important companies from abroad. A new environment, new design. famous scientist Yang said: "21st century will be the century of industrial design, industrial design, an emphasis on the countries will be the laggards." this is for countries, for the machine design Industry and is also the same reason.References[1] Wu Qiong. Industrial Design - enhance the value of China's manufacturing Industry an important way [J]. Agricultural machinery, 2008, (1) :60-61[2] who can. The history of industrial design [M]. Beijing: University Press, 2000.[3] Ding Yulan. Human Engineering [M]. Beijing: University Press, 1991.[4] Hu Fei. Design symbols and product semantics [M]. Beijing: China Building Industry Press, 1991.[5] Zhang same. Product design [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai People's Fine Arts Publishing House, 2004.[6] Zhang Linghao, Liu Gang. Product image of the visual design [M]. Nanjing: Southeast University Press, 2005.[7] NG limit, Liu Zijian. On the cultural elements used in product design [J]. Introduction to explore, 2008。
