高考英语阅读理解 主旨大意题解题技巧一篇文章一般表达一个中心或主题。这个中心或主题通常用一个句子来概括，此句叫主题句，这类题主要考查读者把握全文内容或理解中心思想的能力。一、题型介绍：一篇文章一般表达一个中心或主题。这个中心或主题通常用一个句子来概括，此句叫主题句，这类题主要考查读者把握全文内容或理解中心思想的能力，也包括分析归纳文章段落大意、重要情节、人物特征、写作特点的能力。一般说来说明文和议论文都有主题句，而且多位于文章的开头，有时也位于文章的中间或末尾。但有时不能直接在文章中直接找到主题句，在弄清段与段之间逻辑关系的基础上自己归纳总结。主题句必须能简洁明了地概括全文的主要内容，具有高度的综合性和概括性，文章或段落的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步的解释、说明、论证或拓展。常见的主旨大意题的考查形式：The text is mainly about ____.The main idea/The general idea/The main purpose is ______.What’s the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph?What would be the best title /headline for the text?This article mainly tells about the story of ____.What is the topic of the text?The subject discussed in this text is ____.What does the second paragraph discuss?The paragraph (passage) deals with _____.What is mainly discussed in the text? 二、主旨大意题解题方法与步骤： 略读法是理解全文大意的快速而有效的方法，略读的关键是能抓住文章要点的前提下，以个人最快的速度阅读，主要目的是尽快获得足够的信息以便准确的回答问题，利用略读法去做阅读时，要特别注意首尾两段，要学会寻找文章段落的主题句，这是高效省事地抓住段落要点的捷径，同时也是准确理解文章大意的有效途径。在做题时要注意以下步骤：1.先看问题，看是否有和主旨相关的题目，了解题目类别和提问方式。2.再看文章首尾和各段开头，找出主题句或通过浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨。3.以掌握主旨为前提，处理推断作者语气或意图等其他深层次问题。三、考题探究PITTSBURGH – For most people, snakes seem unpleasant or even threatening. But Howie Choset sees in their delicate movements a way to save lives.The 37-year-old Carnegie Mellon University professor has spent years developing snake-like robots ，he hopes will eventually slide through fallen buildings in search of victims trapped after natural disasters or other emergencies.Dan Kara is president of Robotics Trends, a Northboro, Mass.-based company that publishes an online industry magazine and runs robotics trade shows. He said there are other snake-like robots being developed, mainly at universities, but didn’t know of one that could climb pipes.The Carnegie Mellon machines are designed to carry cameras and electronic sensors and can be controlled with a joystick(操纵杆). They move smoothly with the help of small electric motors, or servos, commonly used by hobbyists in model airplanes.Built from lightweight materials, the robots are about the size of a human arm or smaller. They can sense which way is up, but are only as good as their human operators, Choset added.Sam Stover, a search term manager with the Federal Emergency Management Agency based in Indiana, said snake-type robots would offer greater mobility than equipment currently available, such as cameras attached to extendable roles. “It just allows us to do something we’ve not been able to do before,” Stover said, “We needed them yesterday.”He said sniffer dogs are still the best search tool for rescue workers, but that they can only be used effectively when workers have access to damaged building.Stover, among the rescue workers who handled the aftermath (后果) of Hurricane Katrina, said snake robots would have helped rescuers search flooded houses in that disaster.Choset said the robots may not be ready for use for another five to ten years, depending on funding.What is the text mainly about?A. Snake-like robots used in industries.B. Snake-like robots made to aid in rescues.C. The development of snake-like robots.D. The working principles of snake-like robots.学海导航：B 该题是考查文章的主旨大意。文章的第一段只是引出这一话题，第二段才是本文的主题，第二段中提到Choest讲究 snake-like robots是因为he hopes will eventually slide through fallen buildings in search of victims trapped after natural disasters or other emergencies，由此可知，Choset 研究蛇形机器人的目的是为了在自然灾害或其他的紧急事故中起作用。四、实例演练Everyone’s at it, even my neighbors. I thought I might be the only person left in the world who hadn't done an eBay deal. So, I decided to try my hand at online auction(网上拍卖).Buying for beginners: Sign up on www. ehay. co. uk. Most items (e.g. tables, computers, and books) ready for auction will come with a picture and a short description; others may be marked with Buy It Now and have a fixed price. You can buy these right away.If the item is being auctioned, you offer the highest price you are prepared to pay and eBay bids (出价) for you. The bid will be increased little by little until it goes beyond your highest bid, then you are emailed and asked if you would like to bid again. Auctions last up to 10days and when they finish you get an email telling you whether you have won the item.How to pay: Sellers decide how they would like to be paid and you need to check this before placing a bid as you might not want to post a cheque or postal orders. The easiest way is through PayPal, an online payment system that takes the money away from your credit card (信用).Selling made simple: If you plan to sell on eBay, it helps to include a picture of the item. I followed my friends' advice and put up the items I wanted to sell for a 10-day auction, starring on a Thursday. This way buyers had two weekends to bid.The big things in life: It' s easy to post a small item, but furniture is a big part of eBay and this has to be collected or sent by deliverymen. Cheek the ways of delivery before you bid.What is the passage mainly about?A. How to make payment online.B. Ways of making delivery onlineC. Advantages of an online-auction system.D. How to use an online-auction system.【点津】D本题考察考生对文章主旨要义的理解能力。四个选项均涉及到有关短文内容，但是通过比较其核心概念，会发现A选项为“支付首段”， B选项为“交货方式”， C选项为“系统优势”，D选项为“使用方法”。由此可见A、B、C三个选项都只涉及了短文部分内容，不具备概括全篇的作用。D选项包含所有内容，能够全面概括出短文的主旨要义。C选项由于说话方式本身具有概括意味，具有一定的干扰。五、经验总结:1.把握逻辑结构，提高这方面的能力对于阅读议论文或说明文尤为重要，在此类文章中常用某个细节来引出题目从而进行议论，在议论的过程中可能会出现一些论据或细节描述，这部分常被设置为此类试题的干扰项。2.找准主题句，主题句通常在文章句首，句中或句末，主题句表达中心思想，起主导作用，阅读时要对容易出现主题句的地方特别注意。六、主旨大意题的错误选项有一下特点：1.以偏盖全。只是局部信息或者是一句没有展开论述的话。
阅读理解专项突破——主旨大意
【命题特点】
主旨大意题主要是测试考生对一篇文章或一段文字的深层理解程度及在速读中准确把握文章主旨大意的能力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题标题或目的设题。
【常见考法】
1标题类常见的标题型题干：
1)The best title/ headline for this passage might be_____________.
2)The text (passage) could be entitled ______________.
3)What is the best title for the passage?
4)Which of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage?
2 大意类常见的主题型题干：
5) This passage chiefly deals with____________.6) What’s the topic of the article?
7) What is the subject discussed in the text?
8) With what topic is the passage chiefly concerned?
3 目的主旨大意题
The author’s main purpose in writing the passage is______.
The passage is meant to _____ The purpose of this article is _______
【答题技巧】
这类题通常围绕一个中心思想展开，不少文章一开头便展示出文章的中心思想，第一段常常是内容的梗概，同时又表达了中心思想，但是不少文章的中心思想贯穿全文，并没有用一句话明确表达出来，这就要求学生学会归纳概括。每个段落往往也由一个主题句或几个陈述句构成，它们在句中的位置不同，有时在开头, 首先点明本段大意; 有时在结尾, 总结本段大意。
英语阅读理解主旨大意题的解题技巧
高考阅读理解主旨大意题的考查旨在考查学生对一篇文章或一个段落的深层次理解和把握其主旨大意的能力。一般针对某一语段或某一语篇的主题标题或目的设题。这类题目考查的范围是：基本论点、文章标题、主题或段落大意等。它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法，对文章进行高度概括或总结，要求学生通过快速阅读获取语篇中心思想的能力，辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力，以及要求学生要具有上下文逻辑的概括能力。
1、主旨大意题题干常见的问句形式
1）主旨句设问类型
What is the main idea of this passage？
What does the passage mainly talk about？
We can conclude / learn from the passage that ……
2）最佳标题选择类型
The best title for this passage is ……
3）作者主旨意图类型
What does the writer want to tell us？
Which can express the purpose of the writer according to the passage？
在高考阅读理解中，主旨大意题的考查占有十分重要的位置。主题思想是文章的核心，能否抓住文章的主题思想，是考生阅读能力最主要的体现。高考中阅读理解的测试，自然也以此作为检验考生阅读理解能力最重要的标准。下面就这一题型给出一些思路、做题步骤及技巧：
一.划分文章结构。
英语的文章讲究使用主题段和主题句。主题段通常在文章的开头或结尾，简要概括文章的中心思想。段与段之间常用词语连接，承上启下，使文章行文连贯，逻辑严密。为突出主题，作者可能采用不同的写作手法来组织文章，通过举例、比较、类比等手法来透彻阐明主题观点。因此根据文章理顺文章的脉络，理解段落层次之间的关系，弄清作者的写作方法，理清全文结构安排，了解文章的重心，就能概括出文章的中心。要准确地抓住文章的主题思想，就要十分留意文章的开
龙源期刊网
阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧
作者：党东平 何西亚
来源：《新课程·中学》2017年第07期
阅读能力是最重要的语言实践能力之一，高中阶段是学生阅读理解力形成和发展的重要阶段，阅读理解也是考试中的一个重要考查内容，且在高考中占了较大比重，足以说明阅读的重要性，所以人们常说“得阅读者得高考”。阅读理解能力的提高，需在掌握一定的词汇的基础上，结合解题技巧和策略，在平时训练中不断巩固强化，形成自己的解题思路，并在阅读中扩大词汇量，日积月累，便会取得事半功倍的效果。该类题目是高考中的难点之一，也是区分度较大的题目。
技法点拨·突破高考
解题策略
1.文章标题类
利用主题段来概括标题。标题段一般在文章的第一段或最后一段，一般来说第一段经常提出文章的主题或最后一段总结文章的主题。
[2015·课标卷Ⅱ，B]... You can make your environment work for you instead of against you.
Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.
28.What can be a suitable title for the text？
A.Is Your House Making You Fat？
B.Ways of Serving Dinner
C.Effects of Self-Consciousness
D.Is Your Home Environment Relaxing？
本题考查文章主旨大意。通过第一段最后一句说明下文要介绍几种通过改变屋内环境与设施进行饮食调节的方法，据此可迅速锁定正确答案。
