News Item (exercises)

Unit 12Section One Tactics for ListeningPart 1 PhoneticsExercise: Complete the following short dialogue as you listen to the tape. Pay special attention to the weak forms,link-ups and contractions.[Sound of busy street]Jeff: Hi, Carl, (I) What’s up?Carl: Hey, Jeff. We're (2) on our way to see that new comedy Running From the Mob. Want to (3) go with us?Jeff: I (4) hear it's really funny.Carl: Yeah, it's got a lot of good (5) people in it. Should be great. Let's go.Jeff: Ah, I (6) wish I could, but I've got to study.Carl: Well, maybe n ext time. You're (7)missing a good thing. Jeff: I know. (8) Got to go. See you.Carl: Bye.Part 2 Listening and Note-TakingTAPESCRIPTExercise: Complete the passages as you listen to it.The (1) first thing I do at the office is to (2) open all theboss’s letters, I (3) answer the easy ones and I (4) leave the difficult ones on the (5) boss’s desk.At about (6) 10 o’clockI make (7) a cup of coffee for the boss and for myself. Thenthe boss (8) dictates letters for about (9) an hour. Of course,I answer the phone (10)all day. Sometimes it doesn’t (11) stop.I have about (120 half an hour for lunch at about (13) one o’clock. Then I do jobs in the (140 office till about (15) five o’ clock.Section Two Listening ComprehensionPart 1 DialoguesDialogue 1 Job InterviewTAPESCRIPTMs Brown: What was your previous job?Mr Wigmore: I worked for the National Bus Company.Ms Brown: And how long have you worked for them?Mr Wigmore: I’ve worked for them for f ive years.Ms Brown: How long have you been an area sales manager?Mr Wigmore: Eighteen months.Ms Brown: And what did you do before joining the Bus Company? Mr Wigmore: I worked for a chain of hotels as junior manager.Ms Brown: The post you’ve applied for involves a lot oftraveling. Have you been abroad much?Mr Wigmore: I’ve b een to most of Western Europe, and I’ve been to eastern Europe once, to Hungary.Ms Brown: Why did you go there?Mr Wigmore: The hotel sent me to attend a conference.Ms Brown: I see. Have you ever organized a conference yourself?Mr Wigmore: Yes. I have actually. Why?Ms Brown: Well, this job would require rather a lot oforganizing meetings and conferences.Exercise: Listen to the dialogue and answer the questions.1. How many jobs has the interviewee had before he appliesfor this job? What are they?(He has had two jobs. He worked for the National Bus Company as an area sales manager. Before that, he worked for a chain of hotels as junior manager.)2. What are the requirements for this job?(This job involves a lot of traveling and requires rather a lot of organization meetings and conferences.)3. Do you think the interviewee is qualified for this job?Give your reasons.(Probably he is qualified for the job. Because he has beena manager for many years and he has been abroad much. Hehas been to most of Western Europe. He actually has theexperience of organization a conference.)Dialogue 2 Job RedundancyDavid: Cheer up, George. What’s happened to that happy smile we all know and love?George: Oh, hello, David .I was miles away, I’m afraid. David: What’s the problem? You look as if you’ve lost a pound and found 10 pence.George: Decisions, decisions. I’ve lost my job.David: You haven’t.George: I have.David: I thought you were doing so well.George: So did I. Then yesterday they gave us all the official letter. Apparently the business has been losing money, sothey’ve decided to close it down.David: Gracious, when?George: End of the week.David: You’ve worked there for quite a long time, haven’t you? George: Nearly six years.David: So you’re entitled to some redundancy* money?George: Not a lot. Not if they’ve been losing money.David: What are you going to do? Are you going to try and get another job in the music business?George: Well, I thought I might start a little business of myown.David: That’s a good idea. What sort of business? A music shop? George: No. A recording studio. Recording studios charge the earth these days and there are lots of youngsters who c an’t afford those prices. I thought …if I find suitablepremises*…I could offer a cut-price* recording service. David: That sounds a marvelous idea. Then, as you get more famous, you could increase your charges.George: No, I’d rather encourage young mus icians to come and make t heir first recording with me a nd then I thought maybeI could branch out and become an agent.David: Ah, I see. Then you could sell the recording made b y your protégés* to the big record companies.George: That’s the general idea.David: Great. Well, if you decide you need someone t o look after the accounts and make the coffee, let me know. I might beinterested.George: OK. I may take you up on* that offer. Bye.David: Bye.Exercise: Listen to the dialogue and decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T or F in the space provided. Discuss with your classmates why you think the statement is true or false.T1. George is usually happy and gay. ( David: …What’s happened to that happy smile we all know and love?)F2. George works miles away. ( When George says “ Oh, hello, David. I was miles aways, I’m afraid,”　he means h e is not paying any attention.)F 3. George has just been to an interview. ( Probably Georgehas just been back from his work.)T4. George look s depressed. ( David: …　You look as if you ‘ve lost a pound and 10 pence.)F 5. Since the business is not doing well, the company decidesto reduce the number of its workers. ( Since the businessis not doing well, the company decides to close it down.)T 6. The company just gave George a week notice. ( the company will be closed down by the end of next week.)T 7. Since George has been working for the company for nearly six year, he should be given a sort of compensation. (Since George has been working for the company f or nearly six year,he should be given a sort of compensation, which is called redundancy money.)F 8. George is going to look for a new job. ( George is goingto start his own business.)F 9. George thinks his recording studio can attract youngstersby offering a high-quality recording service. ( Georgethinks his recording studio can attract youngsters byoffering a cut-price recording service.)F10. George would start a recording studio rather a music shop because he thinks he can make much more money. ( Thoughrecording studios charge the earth these days, George would just offer an opportunity for the young musicians to comeand make their first recording with him.)F11. George’s ambition is to establish a big record company.( George’s ambition is to branch out and become an agentand sell the recordings made by his protégés to the big record companies.)F 12. George has accepted David’s offer to be his accountant.( George may consider David’s offer later on.)Part 2 PassagesPassage 1 Burglary (1)The old lady was glad to be back at the block of flats whereshe lived. Her shopping had tired her. In the lift her thoughts were on lunch and a good rest; but when she got out at her own floor, both were forgotten in her sudden discovery that herfront door was open. She was thinking that she must reprimand* her daily maid the next morning for such a monstrous negligence, when she remembered that she had gone shopping after the maidhad left and she knew that she had turned both keys in theirlocks. She walked slowly into the hall and at once noticed that all the room doors were open, yet following her regular practice she had shut them before going out. Looking into the drawingroom, she saw a scene of confusion over by her writing desk.Exercise: Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.1 .D 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. D 7.A 8.CPart 3 NewsNews Item 1TAPESCRIPTWater has long been considered important to the development of life. That is why scientists are so interested in findingwater in our solar system. Now, the American space agency has confirmed that there is water ice on the planet Mars.The discovery is a major step in the search for the conditions for life on the red planet. The discovery was madewith the help of an American spacecraft, the Phoenix Mars Lander. The spacecraft landed on the extreme north of Mars on May 25.On June 15, it dug a hole about seven centimeters deep in theMartian soil. The hole contained small particles of a light-colored substance. Scientists wondered whether the substance was frozen carbon dioxide, salt or water ice.Exercise A: Listen to the news item and complete the following summary.The news item is about the experiment carried out on Mars bya spacecraft.Exercise B: Listen to the news item again and answer thefollowing questions.1.The American space agency has confirmed that there is waterice on the planet Mars.2.The discovery was made with the help of an Americanspacecraft.3.The Phoenix Mars Lander.4.It is a major step in the search for the conditions for lifeon Mars.5.The spacecraft landed on the extreme north of Mars on May25.6.It dug a hole about seven centimeters deep in the Martiansoil.7.The hole contained small particles of a light-coloredsubstance.8.Scientists wondered whether the substance was frozen carbondioxide, salt or water ice.News Item 2An American study has suggested that melting ice in theArctic Sea is threatening permanently frozen soil. The studyfound that rates of warming in northern Alaska, Canada andRussia could increase when the sea ice melts quickly. Duringsuch periods, the increase could be more than three times greater than the average twenty-first century warming ratespredicted in earlier studies.The new study is the work of scientists from the NationalCenter for Atmospheric Research and the National Snow and IceData Center. The findings were reported last month in Geophysical Research Letters, a publication of the American Geophysical Union.Exercise A: Listen to the news item and complete the followingsummary.The news item is about melting ice in the Arctic Sea that is threatening permanently frozen soil.Exercise B: Listen to the news item again and answer the following questions.1.It has suggested that melting ice in the Arctic Sea isthreatening permanently frozen soil.2.In northern Alaska, Canada and Russia.3.The increase could be more than three times greater than theaverage twenty-first century.st month.5.In Geophysical Research Letters.6.The American Geophysical Union.News Item 3TAPESCRIPTSpace scientists have been searching nearby stars for planets with great success. The United States space agencysays that 264 exoplanets have been discovered so far. But,until now, few of the planetary systems found orbiting otherstars have been like our own s olar system. That has all changed with the discovery of a fifth planet orbiting a star calledFifty-Five Cancri in the constellation Cancer.The star is forty-one light years away from Earth. It isalso very similar to our own sun.Last month, astronomers announced the discovery of a fifth planet orbiting Fifty-Five Cancri. What makes the discovery extraordinary is that the new exoplanet orbits in what astronomers call a "habitable zone." This means t emperatures on the planet may b e warm e nough for liquid water to exist either on its surface or on one of its moons.Exercise A: Listen to the news i tem and complete the following summary.The news item is about the discovery of a fifth planet orbitinga star called Fifty-Five Cancri.Exercise B: Listen to the news item again and complete thefollowing passage.Last month, astronomers announced the discovery of a fifth planet orbiting Fifty-Five Cancri. The star is 41 light years away from Earth and it is very similar to our own sun.According to the United States space agency, 264exoplanets have been discovered so far and few of the planetary systemsfound orbiting other stars are like our own s olar system. Thathas all changed with the discovery.What makes the discovery extraordinary is that the new exoplanet orbits is in a habitable zone, which means liquid water may on its surface or on one of its moons.Section There Oral WorkPart 1 Questions and AnswersTAPESCRIPTJenny: Would you like a game of tennis next Thursday?Chris: I can't, I'm afraid, I'm going to Bristol.Jenny: What for?Chris: I have an interview for a job as manager of a record shop.Jenny: I didn't know you wanted to move.Chris: Well, my p arents are going to retire to Bath next year, and I want to be near them.Jenny: How are you getting to Bristol?Chris: I have a bit of a problem, actually. My car isn'tworking at the moment. I'm thinking ofgetting a taxi to the station, and then getting a train.Jenny: I'll give you a lift to the station. Don't worryabout a taxi.Chris: Really?Jenny: Mmm.Chris: OK. Then I’ll get a taxi home.Jenny: Well, what time is your train back?Chris: It gets in at 21.15 ----- what's that? ----- quarterpast nine in the evening.Jenny: It's all right. I'll pick you up as well. It's notrouble.Chris: That's great! Thanks a lot. Jenny.Exercise: Listen to the dialogue and then answer some q uestions about it. You will hear the dialogue and the questions only once. Answer each question with a complete sentence afteryou have heard it.Questions:1. What does Jenny want to know?(She wants to know whether Chris would like a game o f tennis next Thursday.)2. Can Chris play tennis with her next Thursday?(No, he is unable to.)3. Why isn't he able to de that?(He will go to Bristol to have an interview for a job.)4. What kind of job does au-is apply for?(He applies for a job as manager of a record shop.)5. Why does Chris want to move?(His parents are going to retire next year and he wants to be near them.)6. How is Chris getting to Bristol?(He's thinking of getting a taxi to the station and thengetting a train.)7. Why needn't Chris worry about a taxi?(Jenny will give him a lift.)8. What time is his train back?(It is a quarter past nine in the evening.)Part 2 RetellingRuth Lawrence, a 13-year-old English girl, was awarded adegree at the University of Oxford. When speaking to the reporters from television, radio and the press Ruth said thatshe was not a genius, and her success was the result of a lotof hard work.Ruth is very special girl. At Oxford University Ruth completed her degree in two years instead of the usual three.Her teacher says that Ruth has the quickest mind than anystudent she has ever known.Ruth has never attended school. Ruth's father has been her teacher for the most of her life and he stopped working for his computer company to go to Oxford with her. Mrs. Lawrence hasbeen managing the computer company since Ruth and her fatherwent to Oxford.Ruth's father said that he was very happy with his daughter's success. And he hoped that Ruth was going to stayin Oxford and do researchExercise: Listen to the passage and then retell it in your own words. You will hear the passage only once.Section Four Supplementary ExercisesPart 1 Listening ComprehensionPassage 1 Burglary (2)TAPESCRIPTIt was as clear as daylight then that burglars had forced an entry during her absence. Her first impulse was to go round all the rooms looking for the thieves, but then she decided that at her age t might be more prudent to have someone with her,so she went to (etch the porter from his basement. By this timeher legs were beginning to tremble, so she sat down a nd accepted a cup of very strong tea, while he telephoned the police.They went through the rooms, being careful to touch nothing, as they did not want to hinder* the police in their search for fingerprints. It seemed a s though everything she possessed had been tossed out and turned over and over. At least sorting out the things she should have discarded* years ago was being made easier lot her. Then a police inspector arrived with a constable and she told them of her discovery of the ransacked flat. Theinspector began to look for fingerprints, while the constablechecked that the front door locks had not been forced, thereby proving that the burglars had either used skeleton keys orentered over the balcony. There was no trace of fingerprints,but the inspector found a dirty red bundle that contained jewellery which the old lady said was not hers. So their entry into this flat was apparently not tile burglars first job that day.Exercise: Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions.I.A 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. D 6. C 7. B 8.BPassage 2 Nursing CrisisThe World Health Organization says the number of flumes andmidwives around the world is decreasing. Nurses are health care workers who are trained to care the sick people. Midwives arehealth care workers who are trained m assist women during childbirth. The World Health Organization says this decreasein skilled health cam providers will hurt health care services in many countriesMost nurses and midwives are said to be leaving the health care profession because of several reasons. They include lowpay and poor working conditions Health care experts discussedthese problems daring a meeting in December. They met al theWorld Health Organization headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland Experts said the problems explain why it is becoming more difficult to bring new people into die nursing and midwifeprofessions.Naeema Al-- Gasseer is in expert in nursing and midwifery the World Health Organization. She says health services indeveloping countries may suffer most from the shortage. Shesays More people may get sick and die number of women who die while giving birth may i ncrease Mizz—Al Gasseer also says the number of babies and children in developing countries may increase because the services of nurses and midwives will nolonger be provided.AI-Gasseer also says them is a so--called "skills drain"around the world. This means that nurses and midwives in developing countries are being offered belier jobs in industrial countries. As a result, she says an already badsituation is worsening.For example, the World Health Organization reports about one hospital in Zambia. The Hospital has only five-hundrednurses However, the hospital needs three limes as many nursesto operate effectively. This same situation is happening allover the world. For example, the WorldHeath Organization reports there has been a decrease in thenumber of nurses in Poland, Chile and Egypt.Because of this problem, the World Health Organization says governments around the World need to take immediate action. It says countries need to solve the problem of the shortage of nurse and midwives to protect the health of their people.Exercise A: Listen to the report and give the definition of the following words.A nurse is a health care worker who is trained to care for sick people.A midwife is a health care worker who is trained to assist women during childbirth.“Skills drain”means t hat nurses, and midwives in developing countries are being offered better job industrial countries.Exercise B: Listen to the report again and complete the following sentences.1. This report is mainly about nursing crisis.2. The World Health Organization headquarters are in Geneva. Switzerland.3 Most nurses and midwives are leaving the health care profession because of low pay and poor working conditions.4 Governments around the world need to take immediate action solve this problem.Part 2 Oral WorkTAPESCRIPTIt is a strange experience coming back to the place where you were born and brought up after being away for many years. This happened to Bob a few months ago when he decided to return to Brighton to take up the post of reporter on a newspaper there. Bob get this job through an old friend of his. Though Bob didn't need to worry about his job any longer, he had otherproblems. He quickly discovered that his hometown l ooked quite unfamiliar to him when he went to look for somewhere to live..word格式,Many parts el it had completely changed. Having to look for aflat helped him to rediscover it, lot he had to search hardbefore he could find what he wanted.Exercise: Listen to the passage and then give your opinion onthe following topics,1. Great changes have taken place in our country, even in your hometown .And it is still changing. Do you Bliss any of thethings that no longer exist in your hometown?2 How c an you be prepared to adapt yourself to the old unfamiliar hometown?, 专业.专注.。

Unit 6Section 1Part 1 PhoneticsComplete the following short dialogue as you listen to it. Pay special attention to the weak forms, link-ups and contractions.Professor Archer is having lunch with the Director at the Restaurant Avenida.Director: What would you like, Professor?Archer: What do you suggest?Director: Perchaps caldeirada?Archer: What’s that?Director: Fish soup.Archer: That sounds nice.Director: And you must have some feijoada.Archer: What’s that?Director:It’s a local speciality—pork with black beans.Archer: Yes, I’d like some of that.Director: Is there anything you can’t eat?Archer: I don’t like chili.Director: That’s all right—there’s no chili in feijoada. Do you mind if I smoke?Archer: Not at all. Would you excuse me for a moment? (To waiter) Excuse me, can you tell me where the toilets are?Waiter: Over there, sir.Part 2: Listening and Note-TakingTAPESCRIPTEric: Excuse me. What time's the first train to London?Clerk:Eight thirty.Eric: I see. And are there any other trains? I want to arrive before lunch.Clerk:Well, now ... there's one at nine fourteen, ... nine twenty, ... nine forty-two. ...Eric: Oh, just a minute. You're saying them very quickly ... Er, yes ... and after nine forty-two?Clerk:After nine forty-two, there's ... there's one at ten fifteen ... and eleven twenty. ...Eric: Ten fifteen and eleven twenty?Clerk:Yes, that's right.Eric: OK. Thanks very much.Exercise A: Listen to Eric and the booking-clerk at the railway station. Look at the timetable. After each bleep, draw a ring round the time of the train.BIRMINHAM - LONDON1 2 3 4 5 6Birmingham 8.13/8.309.14/ 9.40 9.20/9.30 9.32 / 9.4210.15/10.50 11.20/11.30TAPESCRIPTOperator: Hello! Can I help you?Nancy: Yes. What's the number of the Leicester Hotel, please?Operator: The Leicester? That's 837 5234.Nancy: I see. And what about the New Norwich Hotel?Operator: That's 785 2491.Nancy: Thanks. And the Royal Buckingham?Operator: Just a minute ... that's ... um ... 249 6360.Nancy: Uh-huh ... and the Gloucester?Operator: The Gloucester ... um ... 564 8844. .Nancy: Thanks, ... oh ... here's one more ... the, um, the Peterborough Hotel.Operator: Oh, that's 684 2549.Nancy: Oh ... and the last one, the Old Bedford?Operator: The Old Bedford? That's 327 6975.Nancy: Well, that's all now. Thanks very much for your help. Bye.Exercise B: Listen to the operator. After each bleep, write down the phone number of the hotel.1. The Leicester Hotel 837 52342. The New Norwich Hotel 785 24913. The Royal Buckingham Hotel 249 63604. The Gloucester Hotel 564 88445. The Peterborough Hotel 684 25496. The Old Bedford Hotel 327 6975Section Two Listening ComprehensionPart 1 What a Super FlatAnn Morris and her friend, Sheila, have been invited to Jack and Rebecca's for supper. Although they know each other well, it is the first time Ann and Sheila have visited the couple's flat.Jack: Hi, Ann! Hello, Sheila! Come on in. I say, you're both looking very smart!Ann: Thanks. It's nice to be invited out. What a super flat you've got, Jack!Sheila: Yes, you never told us you lived in such luxury. It's so cosy*!Jack: I'm glad you like it. Sit down and I'll get you a drink.Ann: Where's Rebecca?Jack: She won't be long. She's just popped* out for a few things at the last minute … (Later)Sheila: Mm! This spaghetti* is really good. I didn't know you could cook.Jack: I'm afraid it had to be something cheap. You know how it is!Ann: It's delicious. Is it your own recipe*, by any chance?Jack: No, I just followed what is said in the book.Sheila: Can you give me the name of the book?Rebecca: Sure, Italian Cooking Made Easy — it has to be, for him!Exercise A: Listen to the dialogue and decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write Tor F in the space provided. Discuss with your classmates why you think the statement is true or false.F 1. Jack and Rebecca live in the country. (They live in a flat, so probably they live in the city.)T 2. The guests are surprised to see that Jack and Rebecca live in such a nice place. ( Ann: What a super flat you've got, Jack! Sheila: Yes, you never told us you lived in such luxury. It's so cosy!)T_ 3. Jack's spaghetti is very delicious. (Sheila: Mm! This spaghetti is really good.)F 4. The guests know Jack is a good cook. (Sheila: I didn't know you could cook.)Exercise B: Listen to the dialogue again and answer the following questions.1. What did the guests think of the flat?(They thought the flat was super, luxury and cosy.)2. How many friends did Jack invite to his home?(Two, Ann and Sheila.)3. What did they have for dinner?(They had spaghetti.)4. Why did Jack cook it instead of buying it?(He thought it was cheaper.)5. Who gave Jack the recipe?(He got the recipe from a book.)Dialogue 2 Back form WorkIt is seven o'clock. Clive Sutton has just arrived home from work.Clive: It's not good enough, you know.Cathy: What's wrong, Dad?Clive: When I came in, the house was a disgrace. One of you was lying on the settee* and the other was nowhere to be seen.Cathy: It wasn't my turn to tidy. It was Emma's.Emma: I did it yesterday. Besides, I had a lot of homework to do.Cathy: When I came in, you were in your room listening to records.Emma: At least my room's tidy. Yours is a real mess.Clive: Look! I don't care whose turn it was yesterday or today. It just won't do! I expect you to sort out* your jobs between you. You're both old enough now. When I came in, the break-fast dishes were still in the sink and there were clothes lying all over the furniture, waiting to be ironed.*Emma: I'm always doing the ironing. Cathy used to help with it, but now she says she's too busy.Cathy: I've got exams this year. You haven't.Clive: Girls, girls, that's enough. Have either of you eaten yet?Emma: I've had a sandwich. I'm trying to lose some weight.Cathy: And I don't feel hungry.Clive: Well, I do. In future, make sure one of you makes a meal. We've got to live, you know. And I've got to work to keep us. If you want spending money and holidays, you'll have to do your share of the housework!Emma: I'm sorry, Dad.Cathy: Me too. Look, Emma, why don't we make a list of jobs and put it on the wall?Exercise: Listen to the dialogue and decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T or F in the space provided. Discuss with your classmates why you think the statement is true or false.T 1. The house was a mess when the father came in. (Clive: When I came in, the house was a disgrace.)T 2. The children do the chores by turns. (Cathy: It wasn't my turn to tidy. It was Emma's.)F 3. When the father came in, one of the girls was lying on the settee and the other was doing her homework. (Clive: One of you was lying on the settee and the other was nowhere to be seen. Cathy: When I came in, you were in your room listening to records.)F 4. When the father came back, the girls had done the washing-up. (Clive: When I came in, the breakfast dishes were still in the sink ... ) T 5. Emma usually does the ironing. (Emma: I'm always doing the ironing.)T 6 Both of the girls are students. (Emma: I had a lot of homework to do. Cathy: I've gotexams this year.)T 7. Emma is probably on a diet. (Emma: I'm trying to lose some weight.)T 8. The father has to cook dinner for himself. (Clive: Girls, girls, that's enough. Have either of you eaten yet? Emma: I've had a sandwich. Cathy: And I don't feel hungry. Clive: Well, I do. In future, make sure one of you makes a meal.)T 9. The girls will sort out the housework between themselves. (Cathy: Look, Emma, why don't we make a list of jobs and put it on the wall?)Part 2 Passage The “Lost” ReceiptTAPESCRIPTAs my train was not due to leave for another hour, I had plenty of time to spare. After buying some magazines to read on the journey, I made my way to the luggage office to collect the heavy suitcase I had left there three days before. There were only a few people waiting, and I took out my wallet to find the receipt for my case. The receipt did not seem to be where I had left it. I emptied the contents of the wallet, and railway tickets, money, scraps* of paper, and photographs tumbled* out of it; but no matter how hard I searched, the receipt was nowhere to be found.When my turn came, I explained the situation sorrowfully to the assistant. The man looked at me suspiciously as if to say that he had heard this type of story many times and asked me to describe the case. I told him that it was an old, brown-looking object no different from the many cases I could see on the shelves.The assistant then gave me a form and told me to make a list of the chief contents of the case. If they were correct, he said, I could take the case away. I tried to remember all the articles I had hurriedly packed and wrote them down as they came to me. After I had done this, I went to look among the shelves. There were hundreds of cases there and for one dreadful moment, it occurred to me that if someone had picked the receipt up, he could have easily claimed* the case already. This had not happened fortunately, for after a time, I found the case lying on its side high up in a corner. After examining the articles inside, the assistant was soon satisfied that it was mine and told me I could take the case away. Again I took out my wallet: this time to pay. I pulled out a ten-shilling note ; and the "lost" receipt slipped out with it. I could not help blushing* and glanced up at the assistant. He I was nodding his head knowingly, as if to say that he had often seen this happen before, too!Exercise: Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions.Keys1.C2. A3. A4. D5. B6. D7. D8.A9. CPart 3 NewsNews Item 1Voters have approved (1)political changes that will establish an elected parliament. State television said (2) more than 98% of the voters approved the proposal for democratic reforms. The measures also will give women (3) the right to vote and to be candidates for office, making Bahrain* (4) one of the only Gulf Arab states to do so. And (5)equality will be guaranteed among (6)the different religious groups in Brunei*. The Emir of Bahrain Hamad bin Isa al-Khalifa* (7) welcomed the results. The changes are expected (8) to take effect by the year 2004 at the latest.Exercise A: Listen to the news item and complete the following summary. This news item is about democratic reforms in Bahrain and Brunei.Exercise B: Listen to the news item again and complete the following passage.1) political changes2) more than 98% of the voters3) the right to vote4) one of the only5) equality6) the different religious groups7) welcomed the results8) to take effectNews Item 2Opposition Parties are demanding a new election after a violent protest over voting problems Tuesday. At least 6 people were killed and many injured during the voting. People at over 100 voting places were not able to vote Tuesday. Official said Wednesday that those voting centers would be open soon. Earlyelection results show the ruling General People's Congress Party in the lead. Final results are expected by the end of the week. Election officials say many people took part in the voting. Voting hours were extended to give people more time to vote. More than 20,000 candidates are competing for 7,000 seats in the local council* in Yemen*.Exercise A: Listen to the news item and complete the following summary. This news item is about the local council election in Yemen.1.A2. A3. B4. C5. D6. BNews Item 3More than 300 people have been killed and 250,000 displaced following a disputed presidential vote. The government has agreed to hold a new election if ordered by a court.The violence this week in Kenya has thrown the usually peaceful country into crisis. Its economic and democratic progress may be in danger.The crisis began Sunday after election officials declared President Mwai Kibaki the winner of a second term. On Friday Kenya's main opposition party, the Orange Democratic Movement, called for a new election.A spokesman for the president said the government will accept another election if a court orders a new vote.Kenya became independent from Britain in nineteen sixty-three. It has the largest economy in East Africa.Exercise A: Listen to the news item and complete the following summary.This news item is about Kenya’s election violence that threatens gains in East Africa’s top economy.Exercise B: Listen to the news item again and decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write Tor F in the space provided. Discuss with your classmates why you think the statement is true or false.1. After the elections, 300 people have been injured and 25,000 homeless.F (More than 300 people have been killed and 250,000 displaced following adisputed presidential vote.)2. A court might order a new election.T (The government has agreed to hold a new election if ordered by a court.) 3. The riot may slow economic and democratic progress of Kenya.T (The violence this week in Kenya has thrown the usually peaceful country into crisis. Its economic and democratic progress may be in danger.4. After President Mwai Kibaki won the first term Friday, the main opposition party appealed for a new election.F (The crisis began Sunday after election officials declared President Mwai Kibaki the winner of a second term. On Friday Kenya’s main opposition party, the Orange Democratic Movement, called for a new election.5. Kenya separated from British Commonwealth in 1960.F (Kenya became independent from Britain in 1963.)Section 3 Oral WorkPart 1 Questions and AnswersMother: Where are Jim and Mary?Father: Jim’s gone fishing and Mary’s gone with him.Mother: Oh, dear, I can’t bear cooking bony little fish.Father: You needn’t worry about Jim bringing anything home.Mother: Why not?Father: He never catches anything. He just likes fishing.Mother: I can’t help thinking Mary will be bored.Father: She hates fishing, of course, but she isn’t happy about Jim going off by himself.Mother: Well, you can’t be surprised at her wanting to be with him.Father: No. I can even remember a girl watching me play football.Mother: I can’t imagine myself doing that again.Exercise:1. Where is Jim?He’s gone fishing.2. What can’t Mother bear?She can’t bear cooking bony little fish.3. What needn’t Mother worry about?She needn’t worry about Jim bringing anything home.4. What is it that Mother can’t help thinking?She can’t help thinking Mary will be bored.5. What isn’t Mary happy about?She isn’t happy about Jim going off by himself.6. What can’t Father be surprised at?He can’t be surprised at Mary’s wanting to be with Jim.7. What can Father remember?He can even remember a girl watching him play football.8. What can’t Mother imagine herself doing again?She ca n’t imagine herself watching Father play football again.Part 2 RetellingThere’s an old saying that says, “It never hurts to ask.”Here’s a famous A merican story that proves the truth of that statement. Or does it?In 1620, a group of settlers came from England to the “new world.” They bu ilt a small community in Massachusetts. Mark Story, a middle-aged widower, liv ed there. After his wife died, Mark shared a small cabin with a handsome young man named John Allen. Mark felt very lonely without a wife. One day he told Jo hn that he wanted to marry one of the young women of the community – Pamela Miller. But Mark was afraid to propose to her himself. So he asked his friend Joh n to do it for him.Poor John also wanted to marry Pamela. But he didn’t tell Mark that. Instea d, he went to Pamela and asked her to marry Mark Story. Pamela was surprised and disappointed. She listened quietly. Then she said, “Why don’t you speak fo r yourself, John?”Part 1 Listening ComprehensionPassage 1 A CoinI was not more than thirteen years old at the time, certainly, but I remember the moment as if it were yesterday. I had just taken my place in class, when I noticed a small shining coin a few feet away from my desk. I am sure it was not the desire for gain which prompted me to stoop and pick it up, for the coin was a farthing and almost completely worthless. But its newness attracted me, and the fact that I could not spend a coin of such small value made me want to keep it forever. As the teacher was talking to us, I pretended to drop a pencil and bent over. From that moment, the coin was mine.The farthing and I remained firm friends for years. Trousers wore out, but the coin survived. It lived to see short trousers become long ones; it accompanied me in my youth and early manhood. It joined the army with me during the war, and later came to the office every day when I became a civilian again.Every night when I emptied my pockets and placed their contents on my bedside table, the coin made its appearance. Sometimes, it would play hide-and-seek with me and make me dig deeply into my pockets. But sure enough, it was always there, trapped inside larger items, like a pen-knife, or sleeping in the folds of my handkerchief. It certainly kept strange company. When I was a boy, it would attach itself to sticky sweets, or get caught in pieces of wire. When I grew up, it took its place proudly beside the silver coins that jingled in my pocket. It had reason to be proud, for I am sure it knew that I would rather have lost every single silver coin I had than part with the precious litter farthing. It did not shine any more, but at nighttime it would unfailingly arrive, last but smiling, and look up at me from my bedside table. One night, however, the coin was missing. I searched everywhere, but weeks passed and I did not find it. This time, I realizedsadly that it had gone for food and could only hope that it had found some nicer pocket to live in.Exercise: Listen to the passage and choose the best answer to each of the following questions.l.C 2. A 3.C 4. D 5.D 6. B 7. A 8.B 9. DPassage 2 Utah OlympicThe Utah Olympic Park is high in the Wasatch Mountains, about forty kilo meters east of Salt Lake. It is about 2,200 meters above sea level. The mountains receive an average of seven-and-one-half meters of snow each winter.The Utah Olympic Park extends over 150 hectares of land. The park has fiv e areas for ski jump competitions. In warm weather, skiers train on special man-made jumps.An Olympic-size track has been built for bobsleigh and luge competitions. I t is one of only three such tracks in North America. The track is close to the grou nd and has fifteen turns. Its path is similar in shape to the land.The Utah Olympic Park will hold four major events during the 2002 Winte r Games. They are the Nordic skiing, bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton competitions. The skeleton event has not been seen at the Olympics since 1948. Officials expect it to be extremely popular next year. Athlets competing in the skeleton slide dow n the track on a luge sled. But they lie on their stomachs instead of their backs.The Utah Olympic Park can hold about 20,000 people to watch the ski jum ping event. It can hold about 15,000 people to see the other events. The Utah Oly mpic Park already is used for national and international competitions. It also ope rates as a training center for the competitors. And, young people who wish to joi nt the United States national teams train there.The Utah Olympic Park is open to the public during the summer and winte r months. Everyone is welcome to watch the athletes train and compete against each other. Visitors also can try some of the Olympic sports. This includes going d own one of the ski jumps or riding on the bobsleigh or luge track.Exercise:1. B2. C3. B4. A5. D6. DPart 2 Oral WorkElsa lay in bed, thinking over her first couple of weeks in London. She yaw ned and stretched. It was Saturday and she didn’t have to go to school. There wa s a knock at the door and Dorothy came in carrying a cup of tea.“Come on, love, you can’t lie in bed all day. Time and tide wait for no man,” said Dorothy, flinging open the curtains.“I’m playing in a football match today,” said Elsa.“Oh, I wouldn’t let my girl do anything like that,” said Dorothy. She was ni ce, but her view was a little old-fashioned.“I’ll run the bath for you, love,” said Dorothy on her way out, “Elsa,” Doro thy still hadn’t noticed that Elsa always took a shower.1. What have you learned about Elsa and Dorothy form the passage?2. Do you think your parents’ views are sometimes a little old-fashioned？[文档可能无法思考全面，请浏览后下载，另外祝您生活愉快，工作顺利，万事如意!]。

News Item 1The Cuban President Raul Castro has announced a major cabinet reshuffle, removing 11 ministers from office including two of the country's most prominent politicians. State television said the cabinet chief Carlos Lage and the Foreign Minister Felipe Perez Roque would both step down in line with plans to make the island's government more compact and functional.This is the first major political shake-up since Raul Castro officially took over the presidency just over a year ago. More than ten top officials have been dropped or replaced and four ministries merged. President Raul Castro had announced last year that he intended to restructure the government, but such a large scale cabinet reshuffle has not been seen in Cuba since the revolution. All of those affected by the changes had originally been appointed by Cuba's former leader Fidel Castro.News Item 2More bad news for the American housing market:The Mortgage Bankers Association says housing repossessions are at their highest rates ever, led by California and Florida. And loan payments at least thirty days late are at their highest since 1985.Problems in the housing market represent the greatest risks to the economy.Central bank chief Ben Bernanke says helping the economy is now more important than fighting inflation. He told the Senate Banking Committee last week that conditions are more difficult now than they were in 2001. That was the last year in which the American economy was in a recession.Most economists define a recession as at least six months of economic shrinkage. The economy was still growing at last report, but very little: just six-tenths of one percent from October to December. That was down from almost five percent for the July-to-September period. News Item 3Weeds can take control of productive land. Crops generally produce several hundred seeds per plant. But each weed plant can produce tens or even hundreds of thousands of seeds. And some buried seeds can survive up to forty years, or even longer.Eradicating weeds means you have to remove all the seeds and roots so the plants will not grow back. But birds or the wind can reintroduce them to the land.A more common way to deal with weeds is to control them enough so that the land can be used for planting. Experts advise using two or more control methods.Chemical weed killers or natural treatments like corn gluten can suppress weed growth. Dense planting of a crop can also act as a natural control. Bill Curran is a professor of weed science at Penn State, in University Park, Pennsylvania. He says dense planting is one of the most common methods for suppressing weeds.He says a dense, competitive crop that quickly shades the soil will help suppress many weeds. The seeds need light to grow, so blocking the sun will reduce weed growth.News Item 4In the United States, federal law requires public schools to provide special education services to children with any disability. Specialists commonly provide these services while the children attend the same schools, and often the same classes, as other students.But today we look at three private schools that serve only students with learning disabilities.The Hillside School in Pennsylvania accepts up to one hundred twenty-eight children. Thestudents are ages five to thirteen. They have disorders with language, writing or working with numbers. They may also have attention deficit disorders.Each class has no more than eight students. Hillside administrators say the main goal is to prepare students to learn effectively in a regular school. Teachers and specialists develop individual learning plans for the students, which is something a public school may also do.Development director Kathy Greene says most students remain at Hillside for about three years before leaving for a regular classroom setting.News Item 5The World Health Organization is urging countries to follow six policies to prevent millions of deaths linked to tobacco use. The six policies are known as MPOWER, spelled M-P-O-W-E-R. The letter M means monitoring tobacco use and prevention policies. The P is for protecting people by establishing smoke-free areas. O is for offering services to help people stop smoking. The letter W means warning people about the dangers of tobacco. E is for enforcing bans on tobacco advertising and other forms of marketing. And R is for raising taxes on tobacco.A World Health Organization report says raising taxes is the single most effective way to reduce tobacco use. A study found that governments now collect an average of five hundred times more money in tobacco taxes each year than they spend on control efforts.The report says tobacco now causes more than five million deaths a year. It predicts this number will rise to more than eight million by the year two thousand thirty. By the end of the century, it says, tobacco could kill one billion people -- ten times as many as in the twentieth century.News Item 6The Kyoto Protocol is an international agreement aimed at reducing the release of harmful gases that are believed to cause climate change. The United States is not part of the agreement. But since two thousand five, over eight hundred American mayors across the country have agreed to sign their own version of the protocol. It is called the Mayors Climate Protection Agreement. These "green cities" are working to reduce energy use and pollution in new and creative ways. Such efforts by city governments not only help reserve the effects of climate change. They also help governments save large amounts of money on energy costs. And, cities that are leaders in this green movement set a good example to their citizens about the importance of environment issues. Local leaders have agreed to follow the suggestions of the Kyoto Protocol in their communities. These mayors have come together to show how acting locally can help solve world problems and protect the environment. "Going green" generally includes saving energy and water, using natural and renewable materials and re-using materials.News Item 7Top Palestinian leaders from the rival Hamas and Fatah factions are meeting in Cairo to try to hammer out an agreement that will pave the way for a unity government in both Gaza and the West Bank. Egyptian intelligence chief Omar Suleiman, a veteran of many previous mediation efforts, is chairing the conference.Participants at the ten-day conference will form five committees to tackle the key issues of forming a unity government; preparing for presidential and parliamentary elections, rebuilding Palestinian security forces, and reorganizing the Palestinian Liberation Organization.News Item 8Tuesday's Middle East conference in Annapolis, Maryland, put Israelis and Palestinians back on the road map to peace. Now the question is, how far will they get?The "road map" is the name for a plan that is supposed to lead to a permanent, two-state solution to the conflict. The Quartet of the United States, Russia, the European Union and the United Nations launched the plan in two thousand three. The plan did not go far.But this week Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas and Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert agreed to immediately restart negotiations. They promise to seek a peace treaty that furthers the goal of an independent Palestine.The two sides have not held serious negotiations in seven years. A committee that will guide the talks will hold its first meeting December twelfth. The aim is to reach an agreement by the end of next year.Many Arab countries, including Saudi Arabia and Syria, attended the international conference held by the United States. Iran was not invited.News Item 9One of the world's longest serving leaders announced this week that he is leaving office after just short of fifty eventful years. Fidel Castro of Cuba is eighty-one years old and in poor health. He named his brother Raul as acting president in two thousand six.In a letter published Tuesday, Fidel Castro said he was not saying goodbye to the Cuban people. His only wish, he said, is to "fight as a soldier in the battle of ideas."On Sunday the Cuban National Assembly is expected to name seventy-six-year-old Raul Castro as president. The two brothers appear to share very similar ideas about governing the communist-ruled island. Fidel Castro will apparently remain a member of Parliament and is widely expected to still have strong influence.News Item 10Bushfires in southeastern Australia have killed 108 people and the authorities are warning that the number of victims could increase as outbreaks continue to burn out of control. Giant walls of flame have destroyed hundreds of homes, forests and farmland in the country's worst ever wildfire disaster.Witnesses recount seeing trees explode and the sky raining ash as temperatures reach 47 degrees Celsius.Up to 400 fires raged around the southern city of Melbourne, where embers rode on furnace-like winds pushing the front forward, devouring hundreds of homes and vast areas of forest and farmland. There are concerns that entire towns may have been lost.Charred bodies have been found in cars. It is thought many of the victims had tried to escape the onslaught only to be overcome by its sheer speed and ferocity.News Item 11Scientists think they are a step closer to a new drug to treat schistosomiasis. More than two hundred million people suffer from this parasitic worm disease. Most live in developing nations in tropical climates. About ten percent of victims become seriously disabled from internal bleeding, iron loss, organ damage or other effects.A team in the United States found that chemical compounds known as oxadiazoles can target an enzyme needed for the survival of Schistosoma. This is the group of flatworms that cause schistosomiasis.The scientists tested oxadiazoles on laboratory mice. They found that one compound killed the parasite at every level of development – from larva to adult. The study also showed that the compound was active against all three major species of Schistosoma worms that infect humans.The National Institutes of Health supported the research. Scientists from Illinois State University and the Chemical Genomics Center at N.I.H. reported their findings in the journal Nature Medicine.News Item 12A recent decision by Harvard University to expand financial aid is putting pressure on other schools to do the same.The full price for one year at Harvard in Cambridge, Massachusetts, is more than forty-five thousand dollars. Many other private colleges cost just as much. But Harvard is much wealthier than any other American university, so it has more to give.Harvard already offers a free education to students from families that earn up to sixty thousand dollars a year. This has helped increase the numbers of lower income and minority students.Now, the aim is to help all but the wealthiest American families pay for a Harvard education. The new policies announced last month will assist families that earn as much as one hundred eighty thousand dollars. These families will be asked to pay no more than ten percent of their income for college.For example, a family earning one hundred twenty thousand dollars would pay about twelve thousand a year. Under existing student aid policies the amount is more than nineteen thousand. News Item 13The leaders of North and South Korea met this week. It was the first such meeting in seven years, and only the second since Korea was divided in nineteen fifty-three.South Korean President Roh Moo-hyun, left, shakes hands with North Korean leader Kim Jong Il after exchanging a joint reconciliation pact in Pyongyang, North Korea.South Korean President Roh Moo-hyun and North Korea's Kim Jong Il ended three days of talks in Pyongyang on Thursday. They signed a joint declaration to support peace and economic growth on the Korean peninsula.It says the South and the North will closely cooperate to end military hostilities and ease tensions. The two Koreas have been increasingly cooperative, but technically they are still at war. News Item 14Senator and first lady Cristina Fernandez de Kirchner this week became the first woman to be elected president of Argentina. The fifty-four-year-old lawyer and politician received about twice as many votes as her closest opponent, Elisa Carrio.Cristina Fernandez will take office in December when her husband, President Nestor Kirchner, steps down after one term. She will face difficult issues including Argentina's high inflation rates and energy shortages.Her support comes mainly from Argentina’s lower classes. Political observers say she could lose that support if she is unable to slow inflation and deal with the energy problems.News Item 15On July first, America's oldest university will get its twenty-eighth president but, most notably, its first female president. Historian Drew Gilpin Faust was named this week to lead Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Harvard is three hundred seventy-one years old. Professor Faust has written several books on her specialty, the history of the American South and the Civil War. She is fifty-nine and attended Bryn Mawr College and the University of Pennsylvania. She arrived at Harvard six years ago as the founding dean of its Radcliffe Institutefor Advanced Study.She will replace Lawrence Summers who resigned last June after five years as president. His aggressive leadership style was unpopular with professors.News Item 16Now we'll take a look at what' been happening on the financial markets. On the share market in Tokyo, the Nikei is down 110 points at 21,705. In New York the Dow-Jones Average closed down 71 points at 5,549. Earlier London's 100 share index was 20 points lower at 3,805. In early Asian trading, the dollar was 150.4 German Marks and it's at 180.2 Japanese Yen. The pound is currently 150.1 US dollars.News Item 17Newsweek Magazine now says it's retracting a story that said US military investigators have found evidence that interrogators at Guantanamo Bay desecrated the Koran,the Muslim holy book. Newsweek reported earlier this month that US interrogators had flushed a copy of the Koran down a toilet in an effort to break Muslim terrorist suspects. The report led to violent protests in Afghanistan and Pakistan that left at least 16 people dead. Newsweek editor Mark Whitaker apologized for the story yesterday, saying it was inaccurate. Today the magazine went further, issuing a statement that said based on what it now knows, the magazine was retracting the story. News Item 18Canada's government says it will proceed with plans to send military advisers to Sudan's Darfur region. That comes despite Sudan saying it does not want Canadian troops to enter the country.Canadian Prime Minister Paul Martin's aid package for Darfur includes about 140 million dollars US and up to 100 military experts to help the African Union peacekeeping force. But Sudan hasn't been happy with the move. The government in Khartoum says it doesn't want non-African troops in Darfur and it complained that it had not been properly consulted by Ottawa. But Martin's office appears undeterred, saying Canada needs only the approval of the African Union for the deployment of troops and it's up to the AU to get Sudan's approval. A spokesman for the Prime Minister says that means there was no change of plans. But some critics say Canada should do more. One MP says the plan should include 400 million dollars and 500 soldiers. The 2-year civil war in Darfur has killed more than 300 thousand people and displaced more than 2 million.News Item 19Some 150 South Korea female c ollege students burned a Japanese flag yesterday in a noisy demonstration outside the Japanese embassy, demanding full compensation for World War II victims. Platoons of South Korea riot police armed with shields and clubs immediately surrounded the demonstrators and formed a human barricade to prevent possible violence. The demonstrators torched a huge Japanese flag scribbled with slogans, demanding that the Japanese Prime Minister raise a government fund for Korea war victims. South Koreans have staged weekly protest outside the Japanese Embassy for more than two years, demanding Japan fully compensate World War II victims, including "comfort "women forced into sexual slavery for Japanese imperial soldiers.News Item 20Summer is the most popular time for New Yorkers to visit the Aquarium, one of the city's oldest institutions. Ms. Kafka，the curator of education, views it as a training ground for ageneration of young people who she hopes will grow up motivated to work in wildlife conservation. Every summer, high school students volunteer at the aquarium as docents or tour guides. They are trained to care for animals and to give guided tours to the public. Many of the docents go on to jobs caring for animals all over the world, sometimes as far away as Iraq. "About six months ago, I got a call from a former docent," she recalls. "I said, 'Jackson, where are you?' He says he's in Iraq. He was taking care of the animals at the zoo in Iraq."News Item 21A bomb ripped through a commuter train in central Pakistan, killing at least eight people, and injuring dozens more. So far there have been no claims of responsibility. Police say the bomb exploded on Tuesday as the train was entering a station in Lahore, the capital of Punjab Province. The attack occurred just one day after two other bombings in Pakistan which killed at least six people and injured 48 others.News Item 22Georgia governor Sonny Perdue has signed a bill that bans smoking in most public places in the state. The new law limits smoking to just a few places such as bars and restaurants that exclude people under the age of 18. Smoking would also be permitted in designated指定的hotel and motel rooms and in workplace smoking areas if they have a separate air circulating system. Governor Perdue has said recently that he didn't like the bill because he believed that the state shouldn't become what he called a nanny for all people. Georgia now joins Florida, as one of the nations' fourteen tobacco growing states with the toughest laws against smoking in public places.News Item 23Rebels in northern Uganda attacked civilians as they tended fields in their refugee camp yesterday. A Ugandan army spokesman and aid worker says at least ten people were shot and hacked to death. At least fourteen were hurt. It was one of the worst such attacks in weeks by the lord's resistance army on refugee camps. Violence in Uganda has gotten worse since talks to end the more than 18-year-old civil war came to an impasse earlier this week. The United Nation says more than a million and a half people have been forced from their homes in Uganda due to the fighting and tens of thousands of children have been abducted. The lord's resistance army holds no actual territory.News Item 24Liftoff of the space shuttle Discovery has been delayed until July at the earliest. A launch was originally planned in May. NASA scientists are concerned about the possibility of ice chunks falling off the shuttle's fuel tank. Such an incident could cause the same kind of catastrophe that led to the demise of the space shuttle Columbia and its crew more than two years ago, as the shuttle was reentering the earth's atmosphere. Engineers are working on making a necessary adjustment to eliminate the danger.。

听力教程《三》Unit 1 News Item 11. infrastructure n. 基础设施2. iconic sports venue n. 体育场馆3. gear up v. 加速4. Paralympics n. 残奥会5. shuttle bus n. 公共汽车6. grand closing ceremony7. physical disability8. subway stop9. dedicated public bus lines10. water Cube11. Bird’s Nest StadiumNews Item 21,tackle the problems v. 解决问题2,be under no illusion v. 幻想3,with candor/candidly adv. 坦诚地4. Strategic and Economic Dialogue5. high-level American and Chinese officials6. launch a meeting7. discuss a broad agenda8. currency concerns9. foreign policy10. the global economic recession11.speak out12. agree on13. see the worldNews Item 31. crude (oil) n. 原油；天然的物质2. volatile adj. 不稳定的；反复无常的3. revenue n. 利润4. shortfall n. 短缺；不足5. state-owned adj. 国有的；国营的；州立的6. seek ally n. 同盟国；助手7. in return8. finance v.9. shift…from10. energy analyst11. state-owned12, bargain over13. build closer ties withUnit 2News Item 11. outscore v. 得分超过2. winning streak n. 连胜纪录3. upstart n. 新贵；暴发户4. oust v. 驱逐；剥夺；取代5. semifinal/quarterfinal 半决赛（的）/四分之一决赛（的）6. Argentina/Yugoslavia 阿根廷/南斯拉夫7. the World Basketball Championship tournament8. snap9. professional squad10. the National Basketball Association11. defending champion12. head coach13. the first/ second/ third place14. the championship gameNews Item 21. tie v. 打成平局2. draw n. 平局3. phase out v. 逐步停止；逐步取消4. deficit n. 赤字；不足额5. phase n. 阶段6. crash out of7. the Champions League8. UEFA Cup9. home draw10. at the expense ofNews Item 31. compatriot n. 同胞；同国人2. vie (for) v. 竞争3. title n. 冠军；标题；头衔4. rain-delayed adj. 因雨推迟的5. golfer n. 高尔夫球手6. Kemper Open golf tournament7. get under way8. defend one’s title9. find his form10. skip the event11. Memorial Open12. take periodical breaks13. of all time14. prize money15. the first-place checkUnit 3News Item 11. Persistent Organic Pollutants, POPs 持久性有机污染物2. target 把…作为目标3. pesticide 农药；杀虫剂4. flame-retardants 阻燃剂5. head lice 头虱6. toxic 有毒的7. Stockholm Convention, convention 协定8. boundary 边界；界限9. Equator 赤道10. Arctic 北极圈11. persist in 坚持于；固执于12. atmosphere 大气；大气层13. degrade into vi 降级，降低；退化14. pose great risks to 带来很大风险15. Executive DirectorNews Item 21. conference 会议；协商；大会2. mitigate / migrate 使缓和；使减轻3. Copenhagen 哥本哈根4. WMO World Meteorological Organization 世界气象组织5. respond to 对…反应；对…回答6. extreme climate events 极端天气事件7. modify irrigation systems 修改灌溉系统8. intensity and frequency 强度和频率9. phenomenon （复数phenomena）现象10. weather observation network 天气观测网络11. vice-versa 反之亦然12. Secretary-GeneralNews Item 31. Great Barrier Reef 大堡礁2. stretch for 绵延3. bear the brunt of 冲击；主要冲力4. coral 珊瑚5. sensitive marine organisms 敏感的海洋生物6. wither 枯萎；凋谢；衰弱7. sedimentation {物理}沉降8. Keppel Islands 凯珀尔群岛9. bleach 漂白10. smother 使窒息；抑制11. bounce back 反弹；迅速恢复活力12. capacity 能力；容量；资格13. inflict 造成；使遭受（痛苦等）14. premier 第一的；最初的Unit 4News Item 11. boast 吹嘘；夸耀2. state-of-the-art rides and attractions 最先进的游乐设施和景点3. theme park 主题公园4. fixture 设备；固定装置5. boardwalk 木板路，木板桥6. cyclone 旋风，飓风7. roller coaster 过山车8. game arcades 内设有投角子电子游戏机的游乐场9. kitschy 肤浅的；低俗的10. step in 介入；插手干预11. renewal 续借；更新12. lease 租约；租期13. the Wonder Wheel14. closureNews Item 21, highline 高架的；高压线;2, renovate 更新；刷新；修复3, elevate 提升；举起4, promenade 散步；漫步5, a densely populated city 一个人口密集的城市6, open space for relaxation 放松；消遣7, slaughterhouse 屠宰场8, oasis 绿洲；舒适的地方9, sprout 使发芽；（迅速大量出现）10, inaugurate 开创（组织，事件）11, benefactor 恩人；捐助者12, cut the ribbon 带;缎带13. make a delivery14. noted for15. wild landscape16. office tower17. well worth sth/ doingNews Item 31. Greyhound Bus 灰狗巴士2. terminal 终点；末端3. nestle 半隐半现的处于4. a chain link fence 铁丝网围栏5. hint 线索；暗示6. controversial 有争议的7. racial segregation 种族隔离8. public facilities 公共设施；公共设施用地9. centerpiece 摆放在中心的饰品10. devote to 把…专用于；将…奉献给11. depict 描述；描画12. promote the attraction to visitors 提高对游客的吸引力13. capitalize on 利用…的价值；积累资金14. America’s Civil Rights movement 美国民权运动15. make a side trip to 顺便游览…16. in the heart of17. social campaign18. financial supportUnit 5News Item 11. therapy 治疗，疗法2. specially-trained 专门训练的3. handler 处理者，管理者，训练者4. institution 制度，建立，公共机构，习俗5. heal 治疗，治愈，和解6. a registered nurse 注册护士，专业护士，执照护士7. terrorist attacks 恐怖袭击8. firehouse 消防站，消防队9. Red Cross Respite 红十字会援助中心10. respite 缓解，暂缓，暂时的休息，缓期执行11. traumatize 使···受损伤，使···受精神创伤12. Ground Zero 世贸大厦遗址13. nursing home14. physical and emotional well-being15. promote healing16. improve the quality of life17. lower a person’s blood pressure18. release tension19. ease loneliness and depressionNews Item 21,be racing to do something 竞相做某事2,humanoid robot 像人的3,meant to do something 打算做某事，有意做某事4,mow the lawn 修草坪5,Artificial Intelligence Director 人工智能技术总监6,Massachusetts 马塞诸塞州7,corporation 公司，法人（团体），社团，企业8,remote presence 远程通信9. do chores10. make fun11. put sth on the marketNews Item 31,sophisticated combination 复杂的组合2,empowering 授权，使能够，允许3,Carnegie Mellon University Robotics Institute 卡耐基-梅隆大学机器人研究所4,duplicate 复制，使加倍5,handicapped 残废的，有生理缺陷的6,multifunctional 多功能的7,reprogrammed 重新设定程序8. household robots9. Robotics Institute10. make some gains11. toy market12. industrial robotsUnit 6News Item 11. Pakistani 巴基斯坦的，巴基斯坦人2. residence 住宅，住处3. a joint news conference 联合新闻发布会4. Taliban 塔利班组织，神学士5. the Swat valley 斯瓦特山谷6. pledge 保证，许诺，用···抵押7. humanitarian aid 人道主义援助8. in the form of 以···的形式9. sanitation 卫生设备，环境卫生，下水道设施10. displace 转移，把···免职，排水，取代，置换，11. a wide range of issues 各种各样的问题12. tackle 处理，抓住，固定，与···交涉13. terrorism 恐怖主义，恐怖行动14. priority 优先，优先权15. extremist 极端主义者，过激分子16. overnight 突然，昨晚17. Islamabad 伊斯兰堡18. security troops 安全部队19. tribal areas 部落地区20. official visit / official residence21. Prime Minister22. in particularNews Item 21,Palestinian 巴勒斯坦的，巴勒斯坦人2,security sources 安全人员/部门3,armored personnel carriers 装甲运兵车，装甲人员输送车4, refugee camp 难民营5,gunman 枪手，持枪歹徒6,kibbutz 基布兹7,detain 拘留，留住，耽搁8,investigate 调查，研究9,the Israeli military 以色列军方10,demolish 毁坏，推翻，驳倒，拆除，破坏，11,Nablus 纳布卢斯12,Hamas 哈马斯13,violence 暴力，侵犯，激烈，歪曲14,envoy 使者，全权公使15,follow order 执行命令17,work on a peace plan 拟定和平计划18,Israeli troops 以色列国防军19,claim responsibility for 声称对···负责20,killing 杀戮21,Al-Aqsa Martyrs Brigades 阿克萨烈士旅22,Fatah 法塔赫23,Yasser Arafat 亚西尔-阿拉法特News Item 31. purely 纯粹的，仅仅，只不过，完全地，纯洁地2. military solution 军事途径3. Somali piracy 索马利亚海盗4. cargo ship captain 货轮船长5. pirate 海盗，盗版，侵犯专利权者6. navy ships 海军舰艇7. patrol 巡逻，巡查8. international community 国际共同体9. equation 平衡，相等，方程式，等式10. incredible 难以置信的，惊人的11. piracy 海盗行为，剽窃，著作权侵害12. install barbed wire 安装铁丝网13. resistance 阻力，电阻，抵抗，反抗，抵抗力14. proposal 提议，建议，求婚15. triple 三倍的，三方的16. Defense secretary17. get something on land18. armed guards19. secureUnit 7 News Item 11.conception 怀孕；概念2.pregnancy 怀孕；丰富；多产3.prenatal 产前的；胎儿期的4.maternal 母亲的；母性的5.low-protein diet 低蛋白的饮食6.high blood pressure 高血压7.vitamin B deficiency 缺乏维生素B8.be at risk 处于危险之中9. control groupNews Item 21. be immunized against 接受……的疫苗2. UNICEF （United Nations International Children 's Emergency Fund）联合国儿童基金会3. vaccine 疫苗/vacinate4. a joint report5. WHO6. tetanus7. whooping coughNews Item 31. stymie 从中作梗；阻挠2. regimen 养生法；生活规则3. combat disease 抵抗疾病4. testament 确切的证明5. vaccine trialUnit 8News Item 11. announce results 宣布结果2. news conference 记者招待会3. NASA(National Aeronautics and Space Administration) 美国国家航空和宇宙航行局4. lunar surface 月球表面5. spectrographic signature 光谱信号News Item 21. lift off 发射；起飞2. launch pad 发射台3. entrepreneur 企业家；承包人4. fulfill one 's dream 实现某人的梦想5. space capsule 太空舱6. stem cell 干细胞7. zero gravity 失重8. escape vehicle9.conduct experiments10. blanket media coverageNews Item 31. space shuttle 航天飞机2. independent review panel 独立评审团3. manned space flight 载人航天飞船4. beefed-up 加强的5. presidential panel 主席团6. flying mission 航天任务7. extend the life of8. the proposed lifeUnit 9News Item 11. raise global sea level 海平面上升2. millimeter 毫米（区）milliliter 毫升3. coastal region 沿岸区域4. monitor n. 监视（听）器，vt. 监控5. be accessible for 易接近6. protrude 突出，伸出（pro- 向前，-trude interfere 干涉）7. temperate 温和的，适度的8. latitude 纬度，longitude 经度News item 21, temperature variation: cold, cool, warm, hot2, measurably 可视地，可测定的程度3, plotted adj. 标绘的v. （过去分词）plot v. 密谋，绘图，划分，策划n.情节，阴谋4, perpetual 永恒的，持久的（同）everlasting, eternal5, snow-free 无雪的6, Celsius 摄氏度（区）Fahrenheit 华氏度7, isolate 隔离，孤立8, climatologic 气候学的9. ocean currentNews Item 31, adverse 不利的，相反的，敌对的2, co-chairman 联合主席3, irreversibly 不可逆转的4, low-lying country 地势低的国家5, famine 饥荒，奇缺6. incalculableUnit 10News Item 11. pledge 保证，誓言，抵押2. trillion 万亿3. cushion 垫子，银行储蓄，起缓解作用之物v. 缓和，垫垫子4. multilateral trade 多边贸易5. specify 指定，详细说明6. clarification on 解答7. proposal 提议，求婚8. IMF (the Internal Monetary Fund)9. Reserve currency10. Special Drawing Rights11. Low-income countriesNews Item 21. international summit 国际峰会2. productive 能生产的，多产的，富有成效的3. turning point 转折点4. adjourn 延期，体会vt. 推迟，使中止5. consensus 一致，舆论6. priority 优先权7. concrete 实在的，具体的，有形的，混凝土的v. 凝结8. government domestic spending 国内的，家庭的，驯养的9. International Monetary Fund ( IMF )国际货币基金会10. clamp down on 对.....进行压制或取缔11. tax havens 避税国或场所12. corruption, bribe 贪污，腐败13. in the pursuit of14. global economic recovery15. boost the U.S. economy16. investment fundNews Item 31. free-trade pact 协定，公约，条约2. tariff 灌水表vt. 定税率3. eliminate vt. 消除，排除4. Indonesia 印度尼西亚，Malaysia 马来西亚，Philippines 菲律宾Burma 缅甸，Cambodia 柬埔寨，Laos老挝，Vietnam越南, Brunei,5. ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations)东南亚国家联盟（东盟）6. beverage 饮料7. tariff reduction8. come/go into effect=take effect9. service industry10. raw materialUnit 11 News Item 11. be fraught with 充满2. bolster 支持；支撑3. rampant 猖獗的；蔓延的；狂暴的；奔放的4. strap from偏离5. co-spondor 联席保荐人6. beef up 加强（增援，充实）；补充（人数，兵力7. Somalia 索马里（非洲）8. conflict-torn 饱受战争折磨的9. at hand10. understaffed11. African Union12. come up with a plan13. rebuild stability14. African Commission15. Arab LeagueNews Items 21. surpass 超越；胜过，优于；非…所能办到或理解2. eligible 合格的，合适的；符合条件的；有资格当选的3. foreclose 阻止；排除；取消抵押品赎回权4. elusive 难懂的；易忘的；逃避的；难捉摸的5. housing crisis6. existing homes7. fuel8. average homeownerNews Items 31. immigrant remittance 侨汇2. haphazard 偶然；偶然事件3. anthropology 人类学4. rural 农村的，乡下的；田园的，有乡村风味的5. community-wide 全社会Unit 12 News Items 11. Madrid马德里（西班牙首都）2. Seville 塞维利亚（西班牙地名）3. corridor [生态] 走廊地带4. economic stimulus legislation 经济刺激法案5. federal budget6. high-speed railNews Item 21,elementary schools 小学2,slender 细长的；苗条的；微薄的3,Polar Bullies and Snow Bears 北极的恶霸—雪熊4,arctic 北极的；极寒的5,initially 最初的；字首的6. hang outNews item 31. The Statue of Liberty 自由女神像2. terrorist attack 恐怖分子袭击3. New York’s World Trade Center 纽约世贸中心4. off limits脱离限制5. cramp 束缚6. be closed/ open to the public7. in line8. in advanceUnit 13 News item 11. oil slick 浮油2. bound for 开往3. offer clues on 提供线索4. meteorologist 气象学者5. tropical storms 热带风暴6. Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone 热带辐合带7. trade winds信风8. hemisphere 半球9. moisture 水分湿度10. radar 雷达11. turbulence动乱；湍流12. withstand 抵挡禁得起13. catastrophic 灾难性的毁灭性的14. vanished 销声匿迹15. fly-by-wire plane 电子控制的飞机News item21. lax松懈的2. quadruple四倍的3. International community 国际社会4. Haiti海地5. relief organizations 救济组织6. Pope教皇7. vulnerable8. call forNews item 31. OCHA:Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs 联合国人道事务协调厅2. humanitarian 人道主义的3. food reserves 食物储量4. malnutrition 营养不良5. displaced 无家可归的6. health facilities 医疗设备Unit 14News item11, candlelight vigil 烛光守夜2, makeshift shrine 临时圣陵3, pop icon 流行偶像4,high-profile 引人注目的5,crossover 演奏（演唱）风格的改变6,outpouring 流露流出7,tribute 悼念吊唁礼物8,go down in history 载入史册9,sensation 轰动News Item 21. rousing adj.活泼的；使奋起的；使感动的V.唤醒；激怒；唤起（rouse的ing形式）2,abolitionist n.废除主义者；废奴主义者3,bust Vi.破产；爆裂；降低级别Vt.使破产；使爆裂；逮捕n.破产；半身像；萧条；胸部adj.破产了的；毁坏了的4，likeness n.相似；相像；样子；肖像；照片；画5，stirring adj.激动人心的；活跃的；活泼的；忙碌的V.激起（stir的ing形式）6，stride n.大步；步幅；进展Vt.跨过；大踏步走过；跨坐在Vi.跨；跨过；大步行走7，segregation n.隔离；分离；种族隔离8. hold a candlelight vigil9. gather in groups10. recount one’s life11. the front pages with headlines of12. mass crossover13. massive outpouring of tributesNews item 31. ship n.船；舰；太空船Vt.运送；乘船；以船运送Vi.上船；乘船旅行；当船员2. iteration n.(数) 迭代；反复；重复3. graphical adj.图解的；绘画的；生动的4. navigate Vt. 驾驶，操纵；使通过；航行于; Vi. 航行，航空5. contextual n.小故事6. franchise7. jump listsUnit 15News item 11. mammoth n. 长毛象；猛犸象；庞然大物; adj. 巨大的，庞大的；猛犸似的2. empower Vt. 授权，允许；使能够3.cargo n. 货物，船货4. chaotically adv. 混乱地5. synchronize Vt. 使……合拍；使……同步; Vi. 同步；同时发生6. consolidate Vt. 巩固，使固定；联合Vi. 巩固，加强7. in hopes of8. remedyNews item 21. bit n. [计] 比特（二进位制信息单位）；少量；马嚼子；辅币；老一套Vt. 控制adj. 很小的；微不足道的adv. 有点儿；相当V. 咬（bite的过去式和过去分词）2. dimension n. [数] 维；尺寸；次元；容积Vt. 标出尺寸; adj. 规格的3. polarization n. 极化；偏振；两极分化4. configuration n. 配置；结构；外形5. terabyte (计算机)兆兆字节（信息量度单位）6. so to speak7. super-dense storage8. storage capacityNews item 31. query n. 疑问，质问；疑问号；[计]查询2. computation n. 估计，计算3. sophisticated adj. 复杂的；精致的；久经世故的；富有经验的V. 使变得世故；使迷惑；篡改（sophisticate的过去分词形式）4. become accustomed to doing5. senior researcher6. conventional search engine。

Unit 3I. Teaching Objectives1. Focus on certain phonetic elements that affect listening comprehension.2. Note-taking: a skill that needs systematic training to acquire and helps the listener form a general idea of the speech.3. Listening to different types of materials, conversations, passages and news.4. Listening for gist, identifying specific information, and understanding inferences.5. Oral presentation: Answering questions and RetellingII. Teaching ContentsSection One: Tactics for ListeningPart 1: PhoneticsPart 2: Listening and Note-takingSection Two: Listening ComprehensionPart 1: DialoguesDialogue 1: What’s He Like?Dialogue 2: How Old Are You?Part 2: Passage: Informational InterviewingPart 3: NewsNews Item 1News Item 2News Item 3Section Three: Oral WorkPart 1: Questions and AnswersPart 2: RetellingSection Four: Supplementary ExercisesPart 1: Listening ComprehensionPassage 1: British Postman and MilkmanPassage 2: Study in the United StatesPart 2: Oral WorkIII. Teaching Emphases1．Phonetics: weak forms of certain words“a”, “at”, “and”, link-ups of two or three words and contractions.2. Abilities for note-taking:(1) to select the important points;(2) to write them succinctly and quickly;(3) to lay them out clearly.3. A variety of listening “strategies”:(1) making predictions about what the speaker is going to say next or where the discourse is “leading” to;(2) matching what we hear against our background knowledge, such as our own experience, our knowledge of the world and other cultures, etc.;(3) distinguishing the main point of what we hear from less important details, and “following the thread” of a conversation or a passage;(4) inferring information about the speakers and their situation that is implied in what we hear.4. A gist in the form of a key word, a phrase, a sentence or a brief summary5. A clear distinction of two types of words: those which affect comprehension and those which do not6. Students’ active participation by giving a complete answer to each question7. Retelling in the form of an outline, questions or a summary frameworkIV. Time Allotment2 Hours for this unit1 hour for Section One and Section Two (Dialogues, Passages)1 hour for Section Two (News) and Section ThreeV. Teaching proceduresThis unit is to be finished in two hours.Section One:Tactics for Listening (helping the students to learn the tactics for listening)Part 1: PhoneticsListen to the tape and complete the short dialogue. Pay special attention to the weak forms of certain words“a”, “at”, “and”, link-ups of two or three words and contractions. Tapescript:Friend: Hi. Linda. I hear you and John got married (1) last month. Linda: Yeah, we did. (smiling) Three weeks (2) ago.Friend: Well, congratulations!Linda: Thank you.Friend: Did you (3) have a big wedding?Linda: No, we got (4) married at City Hall. We didn't want to spend very much because (5) we're saving to buy a house.Friend: Where did you (6) have the reception?Linda: Oh, we (7) didn't have a reception. We just (8) invited a few friends over for drinks afterwards.Friend: What (9) did you wear?Linda: Just a skirt and blouse.Friend: Oh!Linda: And John wore a (10) jacket and jeans.Friend: Where did you (11) go for your honeymoon?Linda: We (12) didn 't have a honeymoon. We went back to work the next day. Ah, here comes(13) my bus.Friend: Listen. (14) I'd love to help celebrate. Why don't you two (15) come over for a drink next week?Linda: Sure. We'd love to. (16)I’ll talk to John and (17) call you Monday.Friend: Great. See you (18) next week.Linda: Bye.Part 2: Listening and Note-takin gListen to the conversation and take notes on the following items.As the students listen to the dialogue, ask them to focus on the items the speakers are discussing and the relative information. The students can first write down the name of each item, and then put the relative information beside it. And also ask the students to pay attention to how the prices are read in the dialogue. Ask the students not to refer to Exercise B as they are doing note-taking.Tapescript:Bob: Look at that, Angela. True-Value are going to sell hi-fi's for 72.64 pounds.I'm going to buy one. We can save at least 20 pounds.Angela: Yes, and look at the washing machines. They're going to sell some washing machines for 98.95 pounds. So we can save 22 pounds. A washing machine is more important than a hi-fi.Bob: By the way, Angela. Do you know how much money we've got? About 200pounds, I hope.Angela: Here's the bank statement. I didn't want to open it. Oh, dear.Bob: What's the matter?Angela: We haven't got 200 pounds, I'm afraid.Bob: Well, come on. How much have we got?Angela: Only 150 pounds 16.Exercise A:the things they want to buy the price1. a hi-fi 72.64 pounds2. a washing machine 98.95 pounds money they can save at least 20 pounds.22 pounds.Exercise B:The amount of money they should pay for the things they want to buy: 171 pounds 59. The amount of money they think they can save: 42 pounds.The amount of money they think they can have: 200 pounds.The amount of money they actually have: 150 pounds 16.Section Two: Listening ComprehensionPart 1: DialoguesDialogues 1: What’s He Like?One of the speakers is describing the new manager to the other. The teacher may ask the students to write down all the key words related to the description of the new manager. Then ask the students to put these key words into different categories: age, appearance, etc. Ask the students to use the information to finish Exercises A and B at the same time if they can. The students may listen to the dialogue again if necessary.Tapescript:A: Tell me about your new manager. What's he like?B: Oh, terrific. He's tall, good-looking ... well, I think he's good-looking, anyway ... and he's about35 or 36. He's very interested in all kinds of sports —football, basketball... oh, and tennis. My friend told me he's very good at tennis. He plays at the same tennis club ... the club where she plays ... you know.A: Oh, is he friendly? I mean, in the office ...B: Well, I don't know him very well. He's a bit... shy I think. He isn't married, he lives in a flat on his own ... well, just him and his dog.Exercise A:Age: 35 or 36Appearance: good-lookingHobbies: sports —football, basketball and tennisMarriage status: single/not marriedExercise B:1. What is he good at? How does his friend know that?(He is good at tennis. His friend knows that because he plays at the same tennis club where she plays.)2. Does he live alone? Has he got a companion?(Yes, he lives alone. But he has a companion, his dog.)Dialogue 2: How Old Are You?This is an interview. Before the students listen to the interview, the teacher may ask them to study the summary passage carefully. What are the possible questions the interviewer will ask the interviewee?Tapescript:Man1: All right. Keith. How old are you?Man2: Thirty-seven.Man1: Thirty-seven, yeah? And, erm, you married?Man2: Yes.Man1: Yeah. Have you got children?Man2: Two.Man1: Yeah. What are their names?Man2: Toby and Lucy.Man1: Toby and Lucy. How old are they?Man2: One's 11, that's Lucy; and Toby's 13.Man1: Yeah. Tell me about your job, Keith.Man2: Well, I work at the Oxford University Press. I'm a printer's reader and copy editor.Man1: Erm, what sort of hours of work do you have?Man2: Erm, 7.30 in the morning.Man1: You start work at 7.30?Man2: Yes. I start at 7.30 in the morning and finish at 4.15. That's with a 45-minute lunch break.Man1: Yeah. Do you like it that way? Do you like starting very early?Man2: No, I don't. No.Man1: How do you go to work?Man2: Er, well, I cycle from here to Didcot station, and then catch the train and return journey.Man1: Tell me one or two things you like doing, and one or two things you don't like doing. What do you like doing? What do you do for enjoyment?Man2: Well, I'm quite interested in antiques*.Man1: Yes.Man2: Things I don't like —I don't like decorating. I'm not awfully keen on gardening.Man1: OK.Man2: What reading — what sort of — what newspaper do you read?Man1: The Times.Man2: The Times, yeah.Man1: And The Sunday Times.Man2: Yeah. And what kind of books do you read?Man1: Erm — tends to be more along history lines. Not novels, generally, more general history. Local history especially.Man2: Yeah, OK. Do you smoke, Keith?Man1: No.Man2: You drink?Man1: Occasionally.Man2: Yeah. Do you go to church?Man1: Not very often, no.Man2: Right. Thank you very much indeed.Exercise:Name of the interviewee: Keith.Keith is (1) 37 years old. She's got (2) two children. One is (3) 11 and the other is (4) 13. She is a (5) printer's reader and copy editor at the (6) Oxford University Press. She starts work at (7) 7.30 and finishes at (8) 4.15 with a (9) 45-minute lunch break. She goes to work by (10) bicycle and train.She is interested in (11) antiques. She dislikes (12) decorating and is not awfully (13) keen on gardening. She reads quite a lot, (14) newspapers, books, especially (15) books of history.She doesn't (16) smoke and drinks (17) only occasionally. She doesn't (18) go to the church often.Part 2: Passage: Informational InterviewingTapescript:Informational interviews are one of the most beneficial ways through which to learn about a career field; they can also serve as a place to begin networking. Theirpurpose is to explore a particular field or organization and learn the "ins and outs*"细节；底子；本末；底细of that field from a practitioner*从业者，执业者. Rather than being asked questions, you are the questioner, gathering information that will help you evaluate* your interest in and suitability for a particular opportunity.An informational interview is a fine place to raise doubts you might have, explore the compatibility* 适合；互换性；通用性；和睦相处of your work values with those expressed in the field and ask for advice. An individual whom you interview for information can also critique your resume.Although you may not specifically find out about a job opening, informational interviewing will often provide leads* as to where to begin a successful job search and will help you choose between fields you are considering. If you are unable to find your former students or parents to meet for an informational interview, try contacting employers or organizations found in one of the closed stack* directories in the CRC* library.Exercise:l. D 2. A 3 C 4. B 5.A 6. A 7. B 8. DPart 3 NewsNews Item 1This news item is about the 2008 United States presidential election. On November 4, 2008, after a campaign that lasted nearly two years, Americans elected Illinois senator Barack Obama their 44th president. As the students listen to the news item, ask them to pay attention to the special features of this presidential election.Tapescript:This presidential election is creating unusual interest and excitement across America, especially with young people and Democrats.The Democrats hope to reclaim the White House after eight years of Republican presidency. Yet candidates from both parties are promising change.There are major issues facing Americans: the weakening economy, the Iraq war. Other concerns include the troubled housing market, high costs of health care and energy, and the debate over illegal immigration.But interest in the election is also being driven by the candidates themselves. Democrats Hillary Clinton or Barack Obama would become America's first female or first black president. Republican John McCain would become, at age seventy- two, the oldest president elected to a first term.A: Listen to the news item and complete the following summary.This news item is about the presidential election in the US A.B: Listen to the news item again and choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.1. D2.B3. B4. A5.DNews Item 2This news item is about the mission of the space shuttle Discovery. The assembly of the International Space Station is also mentioned. The teacher may give a brief introduction about the International Space Station, which is assembled from modules in Earth orbit.Tapescript:The space shuttle Discovery landed at Kennedy Space Center in the state of Florida last month. It was the one hundred twentieth shuttle flight and the twenty-third to the International Space Station.The United States space agency had two main goals for this flight of Discovery. First, the crew was to move a structure from one side of the space station to the other. And then they were to add a new room to the space station.NASA calls the new addition to the space station the Harmony connecting module. It is the first new room added to the space station since 2001. Harmony is about seven meters long and about four meters wide. It will be a passageway be-tween the laboratories and the rest of the space station.A: Listen to the news item and complete the following summary.This news item is about the one hundred twentieth flight of the space shuttle Discovery.B: Listen to the news item again and fill in the following chart.Space Shuttle DiscoverySpace Station.Two main goals for this flight:1.The crew was to move a structure from one side of the space station to theother.....2.They were to add a new room — Harmony — to the space station.News Item 3This news item is about the WHO's warning of tobaccos risks. As the students listen to the news item, ask them to pay attention to the alarming number of tobacco-related deaths and its shocking increase rate.Tapescript:The World Health Organization is urging countries to follow six policies to prevent millions of tobacco-related deaths. The six policies are known as MPOWER, spelled M-P-O-W-E-R.The M is for monitoring tobacco use and prevention policies. The P is for pro-tecting people by establishing smoke-free areas. The O stands for offering services to help people stop smoking. The W is for warning people about the dangers of tobacco. The E is for enforcing bans on tobacco advertising and other forms of marketing. And the R is for raising taxes on tobacco.The WHO says tobacco now causes more than five million deaths a year. It predicts this number will rise to more than eight million by the year 2030. By the end of the century, it says, tobacco could kill one billion people — ten times as many as in the twentieth century.A: Listen to the news item and complete the following summary.This news item is about tobacco risk to a billion lives this century, as predicted by the WHO.B: Listen to the news item again and answer the following questions.1.What is the World Health Organization urging countries to do?The World Health Organization is urging countries to follow six policies to prevent millions of tobacco-related deaths.2.The six policies are known as MPOWER, spelled M-P-O-W-E-R. What does each letter stand for?The M is for monitoring tobacco use and prevention policies. The P is for protecting people by establishing smoke-free areas. The O stands for offering services to helppeople stop smoking. The W is for warning people about the dangers of tobacco. The E is for enforcing bans on tobacco advertising and other forms of marketing. And the R is for raising taxes on tobacco.3. How many deaths does tobacco cause now?The WHO says tobacco now causes more than five million deaths a year.4.Will this number rise by the year 2030?Yes. The WHO predicts this number will rise to more than eight million by the year 2030.5. How many people will be killed by the end of the century?By the end of the century, tobacco could kill one billion people — ten times as many as in the twentieth century.Section Three: Oral WorkPart 1: Questions and AnswersVocabulary:come along:develop in a positive waywork out: find the solution to (a problem or question) or understand the meaning of Good heavens: int. 哎呀! 天哪!(表示惊奇、哀伤等) 天哪! 糟糕！make the most of: 充分利用Tapescript:Mrs White: How did your writing go this morning? Is the book coming along all right? Mr White: I'm not sure. I think the rest of it will be difficult to write. There are still some problems to solve.Mrs White: I expect you'll find the answers interesting to work out.Mr White: If I can work them out. Thank goodness the house is easy to work in. I shall at least be able to think.Mrs White: You've forgotten something. Peace and quiet will be difficult to guarantee much longer.Mr White: Good heavens, yes. The school holidays start in a week, don't they? The house will be impossible to work in while they last.Mrs White: Well, some extra noise is hard to avoid. But I'll keep them away from the study as much as I can. That'll be all right to work in.Mr White: What about the garden? It was beautifully peaceful and quiet out there this morning.Mrs White: Well, you'd better make the most of it while it lasts. Peace and quiet will behard to find in the garden pretty soon, I'm afraid.Exercise:Listen to the dialogue and then answer some questions about it. You will hear the dialogue and the questions only once. Answer each question with a complete sentence after you have heard it.Questions:1. What was Mr White doing this morning?(He was writing his book this morning.)2. According to Mr White, was the book coming along all right?(No, he thought the rest of the book would be difficult to write.)3. What did Mrs White expect?(She expected that Mr White would find the answers to some problems occurred in his book.)4. Why did Mr White think the house was easy to work in?(Because he would at least be able to think.)5. When would the school holidays start?(They would start in a week.)6. Was it possible for Mr White to work in the house during the school holidays? (No, it was impossible for him to work in the house.)7. Could Mr White work in the garden this morning?(Yes, he could work in the garden this morning.)Why?(Because it was peaceful and quiet.)8. Why should Mr White make most of it while the garden was peaceful and quiet? (Because peace and quiet would be hard to find in the garden pretty soon.)Part 2: RetellingExercise:Listen to the passage and then retell it in your own words. You will hear the passage only once.Tapescript:To the American people, education is very important. The first twelve years of public school are free of charge. As a result, about 93 percent of the teenagers from fourteen to seventeen years old are in high school.However, 200 years ago, education was not free. American elementary schools were only for rich people. Most young people were not in school.The first public high school was in 1832. The purpose of the school was toprepare students for college. Its most important subjects were mathematics and foreign languages.Nowadays, American education is a big business. There are about 45 million students in the nation’s elementary schools and high schools. Each year there are about three million high school graduates. The main purpose of high school is still to prepare students for college. There are also job-training programmes in high school and programmes to teach useful skills for everyday life — for example, driver training, first aid, and even cooking.Section Four: Supplementary ExercisesPart 1 Listening ComprehensionPassage 1 British Postman and MilkmanTapescript:British postmen and milkmen have a reputation for being cheerful. As they both arrive very early in the morning, when you are perhaps not feeling very good-tempered, their brisk*轻快的；爽快而清新的knocking and bright whistling may get on your nerves. Of course, there are some gloomy令人沮丧的；悲观的postmen, who make you think that every letter contains tragic news, but the majority are jolly 快活的；兴高采烈的；愉快的；有趣的and good-humoured. This is quite surprising, because delivering the mail each morning is a job which is not very well paid and there are a great many problems.The city postman has to go on foot, not only along streets but also up and down stairs, as many blocks of flats公寓楼still have no lifts and no downstairs letterbox. If he has a registered letter to deliver, he has to wait for someone to come to the door to sign for it. That person may greet him in a most unfriendly way if he has just been woken from a deep sleep very early in the morning.In the country, a postman may have a bicycle or a small van厢式货车, so he does not have to walk so far, but nevertheless he has his problems too. It is very annoying to be compelled* to go all the way to an isolated隔离的；孤独的；单独的；偏远的house simply to deliver a postcard or a circular通知，通告；印制的广告，传单when this makes the journey half an hour longer. In winter, weather conditions are bad, but the postman must carry on in the rain or the snow. Sometimes it is impossible to use a van or a bicycle in these conditions, and he has to do his round* on foot, like his city colleague. Most country people keep a dog. Although there may be a notice on thegate, "BEWARE OF THE DOG," this is of little help to the postman. He is forced to go in, whether the dog is dangerous or not. So every day the country postman knows that, if the dog is not safely tied up, it may bite him on the leg or tear* the seat* out of his trousers.Exercise:l.B 2. A 3.C 4. A 5.D 6. A 7. D 8. BPassage2 Study in the United StatesTapescript:The latest report from the Institute for International Education gives information from the school year that began in September of last year and ended in May of this year. It says more than 500,000 foreign college students attended American schools during that school year.New York University in New York City had the largest number of foreign students. Almost 5,000 foreign students attended NYU last year. The University of Southern California at Los Angeles had the second largest number of students, about 4,500.The report says the State of California had the most foreign students, with about 66,000 living there last year. New York State was next, with about 55,000 foreign students.China sent the most foreign students to the United States last year. More than 54,000 Chinese students attended American schools. Japan sent the next highest number of students, almost 47,000. India was next, with about 42,000. And Korea was fourth, sending more than 41,000 students to the United States.The report says the most popular subjects of study for international students in the United States last year were business and management. Twenty percent of all foreign students were studying those subjects. Fifteen percent studied engineering. Nineteen percent studied mathematics and computer science.Exercise A:Listen to the passage and decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T or F in the space provided. Discuss with your classmates why you think the statement is true or false.F 1. The school year in the United States begins in September of this year and ends in June of next year.(The school year in the United States begins in September of this year and ends in May of the next year.)F 2.New York University in the State of New York had the largest number of foreign students.(New York University in New York City had the largest number of foreign students.) T 3. The State of California had the most foreign students living there last year. (The report says the State of California had the most foreign students, with about 66,000 living there last year.)F 4. More than 50,000 foreign college students attended American schools during that school year.(More than 500,000 foreign college students attended American schools during that school year.)F st year the most popular subject of study for international students in the United States was computer science.(Last year the most popular subject of study for international students in the United States was business and management.)Exercise B:Listen to the report again and match the number of students with the corresponding country.54,000 China47,000 Japan42,000 India41,000 KoreaPart 2: Oral WorkTapescript:In a recent broadcast, I heard a woman say that she felt guilty because she spent £20 at an auction拍卖；竞卖sale. She was afraid her husband might accuse her of being extravagant过度的，过分的；奢侈的，浪费的；放肆的；大量的. I find this attitude diff i cult to understand, for, obviously a married woman has as much right to spend £20 as her husband. Sometimes both husband and wife go out to work. But, in a case where the woman stays at home to look after the children, it is still unfair that she should feel guilty about spending a small sum of money on herself.Exercise:Listen to the passage and then g i ve your opinion on the following topic.Do you agree with the speaker that the woman’s attitude is wrong?[文档可能无法思考全面，请浏览后下载，另外祝您生活愉快，工作顺利，万事如意!]。

A Listening Course 4施心远主编《听力教程》4 (第2版)答案Unit 2Section One: Tactics for ListeningPart 1: Listening and Translation1. Some people fear they do not get enough vitamins from the foods they eat.一些人担心他们并未从所吃的食物中获取足够的维生素。

2. So they take products with large amounts of vitamins.因此他们服用大量的维生素制剂。

3. They think these vitamin supplements will improve their health and protect against disease.他们认为这些维生素制剂能够增进健康、预防疾病.4. Medical experts found little evidence that most supplements do anything to protect or improve health.医学专家没有发现多少能证明这些制剂中的绝大多数能保障获增进健康的证明。

5. But they noted that some do help to prevent disease.但是他们注意到期中一些确实有助于预防疾病。

Section Two Listening ComprehensionPart 1 Dialogue Psychology and Psychiatry1.Psychology and psychiatry2. Classification and mental illness3. Schizophrenia4.Mental illnessPart 2 Passage I Couldn't Stop DietingEx. B: Sentence Dictation1. After five years of marriage, Stan would leave me. I’d be alone with my scale, my exercise, and my calorie-counting.2. Several months after our wedding, as I was striving to be the “perfect” wife, the anorexia reemerged.3. As much as I wanted to please my husband by maintaining a healthy weight, exercise and food restriction had become my sole means of coping with stress.4. Slowly, I became convinced that only I myself had the power to transform my heart and life.5. Transparent honesty was the first step, and I’ve learned that I’ll beaccepted for who I am by my husband.Ex. C: Detailed Listening.1. T. I’m solely resoponsible for the destruction of my marriage.2. T. Stan and I had met 10 years earlier while teaching at the same Christian high school.3. F. I’d been frighteningly thin, but Stan had ignored my emaciated appearance.4. F. My counselor assured me th at I’d progressed to the point of no longer needing therapy.5. T. Though I’d prepared hearty meals for Stan, I carefully restricted what I ate, panicking any time I hadn’t exercised “enough”. Stan’s career change only added to the stress.6. T. The anorexia gave me a twisted sense of control over my life.7. T. Whenever Stan and I would have a conflict, I’d add minutes onto my daily workout, or skip a meal.8. T. We continued counseling sessions, and I learned gradually to see my anorexia in a new light—as the scar from a painful childhood that led to the fear I’d never be loved for who I was.Ex. D: After-listening Discussion1. What experiences had led her to be so uncertain about marriage?She used to have an unpleasant childhood. Verbal, sexual abuses she suffered in her childhood led not only to anorexia, but rebellion and promiscuity. Though she knew Stan cared for her, a little voice in her head insisted she wasn’t good enough for him, and that she’d eventually lose him.2. What was the result after a year’s counseling?After a year’s counseling, the narrator gradually learned to see her anorexia in a new light—as the scar from a painful childhood that led to the fear she’d never be loved for who she was. Slowly, she became convinced that only she herself had the power to transform her heart and life. She was no longer deceptive about anorexia, and stopped hiding her past.3. If you got anorexia, what would you do? (Open)Section Three NewsNews Item 1Ex. A: Summarize the newsThis news item is about a meeting in Hong Kong trying to reach a new agreement on global trade.Ex. B: Listen to the news again and answer the questions.1. What are the representatives of nearly 150 countries meeting in Hong Kong still trying to do?To reach a new agreement on global trade.2. What is the biggest prize many countries realistically hoped for?A date for ending the EU subsidies to help farmers sell their produce on world markets.3. According to an EU senior official, what will EU do during the meeting? They are prepared to name the date as part of a wider deal.4. When will be the earliest possible date? If an agreement is not reached on this meeting, when will be the latest date?The earliest date will be 2010, and 2013 will be the latest date.5. What will the United States do if the date is not what it expects?The U.S trade representative Rob Portman says he is trying to be accommodating, which means the United States will possibly accept the new date.News Item 2Ex. A: Listen to the news and complete the summaryThis news item is about a package of plans to tackle the recession reached by the G20 or a new consensus reached by the G20 on tackling global problems.Ex. B: Listen again and complete the outline.News ScriptThe G20 have come up with a package of plans that add up to well over a trillion dollars to tackle the recession.One key component is an agreement to treble to seven hundred and fifty billion dollars the resources available to the International Monetary Fund for lending to countries in trouble.They also want a tenfold increase in what are called special drawing rights which is rather like an IMF currency and which strengthen the foreign exchange reserves of its member countries.The G20 also plans closer regulation of financial firms with curbs on executive pay and new oversight of large hedge funds.The British Prime Minister, Gordon Brown, described the summit as marking a new consensus on tackling global problems.News Item 3Ex. A: Listen and summarize the news itemThis news item is about the opening of Copenhagen climate summit.Ex. B: Listen again and decide T or F.1.F2. F3. T4. T5. FNews ScriptThe conference opened to applause forty minutes late. It began with an environmental film from Danish children, a message from the next generation for those delegates whose decisions here over the next fortnight may help shape the lives they lead.34,000 people have tried to get accredited for this extraordinary meeting – an unprecedented demand.Hopes are high here that a deal can be done to lower emissions and raise cash to help poor countries adapt to climate change and obtain clean energy. The question is whether that agreement will be strong enough to meet the expectations of those children of the future.Section FourPart 1 Feature reportExercise A:This news report is about the pediatric telemedicine program, which offers an efficient way for children to see a doctor.Exercise B:1.have a visit with a doctor2.save them four and a half hours of missed work; health-relatedabsences3.insurance companies a great deal of money; using hospital emergencyrooms for treatment4.the high-tech medical visits; hands-on care5.remote visits; face to face visitsScript：Pediatric Telemedicine ProgramFor this little boy, Jonathan, a runny nose would normally mean a phone call from his day care center asking his mother to take him home. But, now, the center can make a different call and get him medical attention right there.The Day Care Provider contacts the Doctor at University of Rochester Medical Center to see if he can do a live visit via the Internet.Jonathan is one of nearly a thousand pre-school children in upstateRochester, New York who can have a live visit with a doctor without ever leaving their day care center. The Provider inserts the ear thermometer to take his temperature. Audio, video and medical images are sent over the Internet to a physician at the University of Rochester Medical Center.The Doctor inquires about the child's previous medical condition, "Has he had problems with ear infections in the past?" The Provider responds "Yes, he has had one in the past."Fayla Bermudez with her sick childThe child's mother, Fayla Bermudez, thinks the new service is great. In the past she says she would have had to go to the emergency room.A new study shows that each telemedicine visit saved parents four and a half hours of missed work. And for the children, health related absences were down 63-percent.One mother, Erika Haines, says, "They {the children} get seen, they get their medicine. They feel better and everybody is happy."Dr. Neil Herendeen, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochester doctor Neil Herendeen says telemedicine keeps people fromusing hospital emergency rooms for treatment, which saves insurance companies a great deal of money. "You can do a lot of telemedicine for the cost of one E.R. visit. And that's what got our local insurers on board."Dr. Charles ShubinBut pediatricians like Charles Shubin says the high-tech medical visits are no substitute for hands on care. "Ill children, I think, deserve better than a mechanical, electronic process of health care."The University of Rochester Medical Center doctors disagree, saying most of the time; remote visits are just as effective as face-to-face visits.The programs cost a lot to start up; the U.S. federal government has funded Rochester’s. It is about expand beyond the city's limits and perhaps will become a model for similar programs across the U.S.Part 2 PassageExercise B1. Cooking should be a labor of love and feeding others brings you joy and satisfaction.2. Although hamburgers and hot dogs on the grill may be standardsummer fares for many, for New Yorkers it is a genuine delicacy and our gracious host knew it.3. Elaborate and somewhat formal for a university setting, these dinners cultivated Sarah's love of entertaining for her friends and family.4. For years my dear friend Carol has been preparing her spectacular knockwurst for me and my family.5. The killer accent to her knockwurst is celery salt, an influence from her Midwestern upbringing and Chicago family.Exercise C1.B;2. D;3. D;4. B;5. D;6. C;7. A;8. BExercise D1.The franks are double cooked, first in boiling water, then on the grill.This may seem gratuitous, but it is the secret to a masterpiece. Carol runs a knife around each knockwurst, making a spiral cut top to bottom around the body, before bringing them to a boil. When they cook in the water, the spirals open up, releasing some of the fat and rendering the meat more tender. Then the knockwursts are grilled to perfection, charred and crisp, yet tender as can be.2.Open.。

第2章CLT与TBLT一、Language use in real life vs. Traditional pedagogyThe ultimate goal of foreign language teaching is to enable students to use the foreign language in work or life when necessary. So we should teach that part of the language that will be used and we should teach language in the way it is used in the real world.The differences between language used in real life and language taught in the classroom:①In real life, language is used to perform certain communicative functions. e.g. to give directions, to exchange information, or to make a complaint, etc.; In a traditional language classroom, the teaching focus is often on forms rather than functions.②In real language use we use all skills, including receptive skills such as listening and reading, and productive skills such as speaking and writing. For various reasons, traditional pedagogy tends to focus on one or two language skills and ignore the others.③In reality language is always used in a certain context, but traditional pedagogy tends to isolate language from its context.二、CLT1. CLT refers to an approach to the teaching of foreign or second language through communicative activities.2. The goal of CLT is to develop students’ communicative competence, which includes both the knowledge about the language and the knowledge about how to use the language appropriately in communicative situations.3. Principles of CLT1) Communication principle: Activities that involve real communication promote learning.2) Task principle: Activities in which language is used for carrying out meaningful tasks promote learning.3) Meaningfulness principle: language that is meaningful to the learner supports the learning process.4. Five components of communicative competenceHedge discusses five components of communicative competence. Namely, linguistic competence, pragmatic competence, discourse competence, strategic competence, and fluency.（1）Linguistic competence is concerned with knowledge of the language itself, its form and meaning. It involves spelling, pronunciation, vocabulary, word formation, grammatical structure, sentence structure and semantics.（2）Pragmatic competence refers to the appropriate use of the language in social context. That is to say, the choice of the vocabulary and structure depends on the setting, the relative status of the speakers, and their relationships.（3）Discourse competence refers to one’s ability to create coherent written text or conversation and the ability to understand them. In other words, it is one’s ability to express or to understand a topic logically and coherently by effectively employing or comprehending the cohesive markers used in the discourse, such as “first”, “it”.（4）Strategic competence is similar to communication strategies. It refers to strategies one employs when there is communication breakdown due to lack of resources.（5）Fluency means one’s ability to link units of speech together with facility and without strain or inappropriate slowness or undue hesitation.5. CLT and the teaching of language skillsThe translation of communicative competence in language teaching practice is to develop learners’ language skills, namely, listening, speaking, reading and writing.①Listening and speaking skills need to be redefined in terms of the real communicative use, that is, students should have the chance to listen to and produce what is meaningful, authentic, unpredictable, and creative ifpossible. Listening is viewed not only as the counterpart of speaking, but as an independent skill with its own objectives.②Reading is to extract meaning or information and the learning of grammar and vocabulary is to facilitate such a process. In CLT with different reading purposes, students use different skills, such as skimming, scanning, etc.③In writing, students should have the chance to write to express their own feelings or describe their own experiences, so making the practice of writing meaningful and authentic.In a word, CLT has not replaced the previous approaches or methodologies. It has expanded three areas: language content, learning process, and product.6.Main features of communicative activities如何设计交际活动(1)Functional communicative activities:Communicating patterns and picturesFollowing directionsIdentifying picturesDiscovering missing informationDiscovering missing featuresDiscovering differences(2) Social interaction activities:ImprovisationRole-playing through cues and informationRole-playing through situations and goals7. Six criteria for evaluating communicative classroom activities:（1）Communicative purposeThe activity must involve the students in performing a real communicative purpose rather than just practicing language for its own sake. There must be some kind of ‘information gap’ that students seek to bridge when they are communicating.（2）Communicative desireThe activity must create a desire to communicate in the students.（3）Content, not formWhen the students are doing the activity, they must be concentrating on what they are saying, not how they say it.（4）Variety of languageThe activity must involve the students in using a variety of language, not just one specific language form. （5）No teacher interventionThe activity must be designed to be done by the students working by themselves rather than with the teacher. （6）No materials controlThe activity should not be designed to control what language the students should use.三、TBLT1. TBLT is a method of instruction under CLT, which emphasizes taking various tasks as the center of the language teaching. It is widely promoted in English language teaching nowadays. It is a further development of CLT. It shares the same beliefs in the use of language in real life, but stresses the importance to combine form-focused teaching with communication-focused teaching.2. Task: A task is essentially goal-oriented; it requires the group, or pair, to achieve an objective that is usuallyexpressed by an observable result, such as brief notes or lists, a drawing, a spoken summary.3. Four components of a task:a purpose: making sure the students have a reason for undertaking the task;a context:the task can be real, simulated or imaginary, and involves sociolinguistic issues such as thelocation, the participants and their relationship, the time, and other important factors;a process: getting the students to use learning strategies such as problem solving, reasoning, inquiring,conceptualizing and communicating;a product: there will be some form of outcome, either visible or invisible.4. How to design a task:Teachers need to address four sets of questions when designing tasks:①What is the objective of the task?②What is the content of the task?③How is the task to be carried out?④In what situation is the task to be carried out?There are basically five steps:Step 1: Think about students’ needs, interests, and abilities.Step 2: Brainstorm possible tasks.Step 3: Evaluate the list.Step 4: Choose the language items.Step 5: Preparing materials.四、PPP1. PPP is a model of teaching consisting of the presentation, practice, and production.①Presentation of single ‘new’ item: introduce new vocabulary and grammatical structures in what ways appropriate;②Practice of new item: drills, exercises, dialogue practice: the lesson moves from controlled practice to guided practice and exploitation of the texts when necessary;③Production: activity, role-play or task to encourage ‘free’ use of language: the students are encouraged to use what they have learned and practiced to perform communicative tasks, at this stage, the focus is on meaning rather than accurate use of language forms.A typical PPP lesson would start by the teacher introducing a new language item in a context followed by some controlled practice, such as drilling, repetition, dialogue reading, etc. Students then move on to produce the language in a more meaningful way, such as a role play, a drama, an interview, etc.2. Differences between PPP and TBLTWillis explains the differences between the two models from two perspectives: one perspective looks at the way students use and experience the language; the other perspective looks at the procedures and context of learning.（1）The way students use and experience language in TBL is radically different from PPP.①free of language control and learners rely on their own linguistic resources;②a free exchange of ideas;③a genuine need to use language to communicate;④a genuine need to strive for accuracy and fluency;⑤appropriateness and accuracy of language form in general, not production of a single form;（2）TBL can provide a context for grammar teaching and form-focused activities, PPP is different in this aspect.①a task-established context;②encourages students to analyze and think, not simply to apply, repeat, and manipulate;③a more varied exposure to natural language;④language forms not pre-selected for focus;⑤learners’ free selection of language;⑥TBL cycle lead from fluency to accuracy;⑦In TBL integrated skills practiced.五、评价1.评价CLT①The first is whether it will meet the needs of learners from different contexts becomes a questions.②The second problem relates to the design of the syllabus for teaching purposes in the classroom. And it is very different to design a syllables with a one to one correspondence between a function and a form.③The third problem is that whether such an approach is suitable for all age level of learners or all competence level of learners.2.评价TBLT①The first is that it may not be effective for presenting new language items. Neither may it be appropriate for those contexts where language exposure is not sufficient and class time is limited.②The second constraint is time as teachers have to prepare task-based activities very carefully. This makes demands on the teacher, who is already busy with many other professional duties.③The third is the culture of learning. Some students may find it difficult to adapt to TBLT.④The forth is level of difficulty. Students may find task-based learning very difficult if they don’t have sufficient linguistic resources to handle holistic communication.Despite these potential drawbacks, TBLT can help students learn English in a challenging and stimulating way.3.评价pppPPP offers a simplified approach to language learning. It is based on the idea that you can present language in a clear way. And your language develops by adding new forms from one lesson to the next. However, simply being able to produce forms in isolations will not help learners acquire the language for communication.。