新标准大学英语综合教程第二单元

Unit 2 Food, Glorious FoodActive Reading 1Reading and understanding2. Choose the best way to complete the sentences1. b2. B.3. a4. a.5. CDealing with unfamiliar words3. Match the words in the box with their definition1. frank2. resort3. yummy4. juicy5. gloomy6. innocence7. perception 8. Nonsense4. Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box1 The waves were very large in size as they fell onto the beach. (enormous)2 There was so much seafood that it was holding tightly onto the plate. (clinging)3 In the area of land where they were visiting, it wasn’t usual to eat fish and chips. (region)4 When he had eaten the shellfish, he got rid of the shells. (discarded)5 To eat shellfish you need special tools to break open the shells and dig out the food. (implements; crack;scrape)6 The boy was especially fond of his mother’s bread and cakes from the oven. (baking)7 Because they’re smooth, wet and quite difficult to hold, it’s quite a challenge to try your first oysters.(slippery)5. Answer the questions about the words in the box.1 Which word means feeling? (emotion)2 Which word means a feeling that a situation is so bad that there’s nothing you can do to change it? (despair)3 Which word means to say you’re not happy with s omeone or something?(complain)4 Which word describes how your face looks when you’re annoyed or worried about something? (frown)5 Which word describes something that is unpleasant to taste, smell or see? (nasty)6 Which word means to say something to someone in order to have fun by embarrassing or annoying them slightly? (tease)Reading and interpreting6. Check the true statementsThe true statements are 1, 2, 4.Talking pointSome words to express likes or dislikes of particular food items. Positive words: appetizing, delicious, exquisite, fabulousmouth-watering, tasty temptingNegative words: bitter disgusting revoltingEither positive or negative: home-made (usually positive,) salty Savory, smooth, sourActive reading (2)Dealing with unfamiliar words4. Answer the questions about the words and expressions in the box 1. more active 2. its features 3. the reason for it4. made in a factory5. help cause hormones to leave the brains6. press it strongly7. your parents8. liquid 9. tell people5. Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.(1) luxury (2) nourishing (3) mould (4) manufacturer (5) snap(6) condensed (7) flavour (8) popularity (9) genetic (10) traitLanguage in useword formation3 Form new words with the following words and the prefixes / suffixes in the table. air – airsick car – carsick fiction – non-fiction help – helpfulsea – seasick shop – shopaholic smoker – non-smokerspoon – spoonfulstop – non-stop work – workaholic4 Answer the questions with the words you formed in Activity 3.What’s the word for:1 how you feel if the sea makes you ill? (seasick)2 someone who likes shopping a lot? (shopaholic)3 what something is if it is useful and providing help? (helpful)4 what a flight is if it goes directly from one place to another? (non-stop)5 someone who doesn’t smoke? (non-smoker)6 writing which is about real people and events, not imaginary ones? (non-fiction)5 Translate the sentences into Chinese.1 Outside the skies were grey and a strong wind was blowing off the sea. It looked as gloomy as I felt.外面，天空灰蒙蒙的，海面上刮来一阵强风。

1. When was the last time you were in _______ with your childhood friends?A. contextB. contactC. controlD. content2. Like a boat at sea, his mind started to _______ when he wasn't interested.A. floatB. soarC. sinkD. drift3. Mrs Jones didn't trust Jack, so she was very _______ to let him cut her grass.A. reluctantB. reluctantlyC. enthusiasticD. enthusiastically4. My house seems to be in a _______ state of disrepair—something is always broken!A. perpetuallyB. perpetualC. perpetuityD. perpetuate5. The problem needs to be looked at from a historical _______ .A. prospectiveB. directiveC. perspectiveD. executive6. Dr. Carter has written _______ about the brain and its influence on our emotions.A. extensivelyB. intensivelyC. extensiveD. intensive7. The accident of last week _______ a review of school safety policy.A. promptedB. promptC. promptingD. prompts8. I am easily _______ by ice cream, so it's probably the best if I don't look at the dessertmenu.A. temptB. temptsC. temptingD. tempted9. Wouldn't it be _______ if we didn't need to worry about money?A. predictableB. marvellousC. astonishingD. depressing10. Researchers claim that there is a _______ link between caffeine and headaches.A. definiteB. definitelyC. definitionD. defined11. It's incredible to see how newborn babies are completely _______ on other people foreverything.A. dependingB. dependenceC. dependentD. dependents12. The criminal devised an _______ plan to escape from prison.A. intrinsicB. intricateC. intrepidD. intrusive13. The court brought a _______ against the escaped prisoner.A. persecutionB. persecuteC. prosecutionD. prosecute14. Thank you for the offer to stay for dinner, but we don't want to _______.A. poseB. composeC. proposeD. impose15. Pedro's friends organized a friendly _______ to help him deal with his alcohol abuse.A. contraventionB. inventionC. interventionD. prevention16. It's impossible to not be impressed by the Taj Mahal and _______ at its beauty.A. respectB. flauntC. marvelD. admire17. We should hire an _______ reviewer who isn't biased one way or the other.A. internalB. outdoorC. indoorD. external18. I'm so excited for the new movie that waiting all year for it has been like _______.A. torturesB. torturingC. tortuousD. torture19. Dylan likes to write _______ during his free time on the weekend.A. poetryB. poetC. poeticD. poem20. The waterfall provided a _______ source of soothing background noise.A. continualB. continueC. continuingD. continuitySection B: Complete each sentence with a suitable word.21.Last weekend, I fell and broke my toe.Your answer Correct answerover over22.Phil will come his own once his boss recognizes how valuable heis.Your answer Correct answerinto into23.Kevin has been riding a motorcycle a very young age.Your answer Correct answerfrom from24.Among the group members, there was a strong desire an afternoonof shopping.Your answer Correct answerwith for25.I usually drift to sleep while watching television.Your answer Correct answeroff off26.The teacher told me for talking in class again today.Your answer Correct answeroff off27.Do you believe free will?Your answer Correct answerin in28.Julie received an award in appreciation her service to thecommunity.Your answer Correct answerof of29.Don't try to reason a child—you won't get very far.Your answer Correct answerwith with30.Once again, Greg was left of the decision.Your answer Correct answerout outPart II: Banked ClozeQuestions 31 to 40 are based on the following passage.When I was a child, my best friend Joseph and I would play a game called "Super SecretSpy." Sometimes I would play the spy and Joseph would play thesometimes we would reverse the roles. Make-believe games like this were my favourite, and Iremember that many summer days were spent outside, playing Super Secret Spy.Every time we played, the story had to be different. We played so much that, needless tosay, some of the stories got quite Eventually, Super Secret Spy was like a science fiction movie; the stories took place on other planets and one of us was an alien.Sometimes, we would wear old Halloween masks so the to an alien was remarkable!I remember one day in particular. Joseph was the alien and he captured me ona empty planet (my backyard). He threw me in "alien prison" (behinda big tree) and with mischievous delight. At first, I felt all aloneand Then I pulled myself together and remembered that I was the Super Secret Spy!I thought of my escape plan. When Alien Joseph came to check on me in the alien prison,I around quickly and grabbed his alien laser gun. Ina of laser fire, I ran past my captor and escaped the alien prison!I was free! Super Secret Spy had won again!Just then, Joseph and I both realized that it was late afternoon, the sun was setting,and was upon us. We were both hungry, so we were incredibly happywhen my mother called us inside for dinner. Even Super Secret Spies and aliens need to eat!Your answer Correct answer(31) villain villain(32) largely largely(33) resemblance bizarre(34) competence resemblance(35) barren barren(36) giggled giggled(37) helpless helpless(38) whirled whirled(39) blink blaze(40) twilight twilightPart III: Reading ComprehensionQuestions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage.When we're young, we can't wait to grow up and get on with life. When we're adults, we longfor the carefree days of our youth when we could play all day without worry. This is one of the greatest ironies of life. Indeed, "the grass is always greener on the other side." It is a harsh truth that humans always want what they can't have. It's our nature.That's why it's good practice to instill in our children a healthy respect for childhood. Too many adults seem to be in a hurry for children to grow up. We always ask them, "What do you wantto be when you grow up?" We repeatedly tell them, "You can do/have that when you're older." We continually encourage them, "When you grow up, the world will be yours and you can make your dreams come true." It's no wonder, then, that children seem to be in such a rush to grow up, get older,and demand everything that we tell them is coming to them.Children should be free to play the day away. We should encourage them to use their imagination, create entire worlds in a cardboard box, and explore their backyard as if they were exploring an undiscovered country. You cannot put a price on an active and fertile imagination, nor can you overestimate the value of an inquisitive mind, a respect for the environment, and an urge to questionwhy everything is as it is. These traits are all developed and nurtured when we're children and, without them, we would not be able to function as adults in the modern world.Research has shown that children are happiest and healthiest when they have the freedom to actlike children. This may seem obvious, but it's often forgotten as parents push their children to study harder, practice longer, and essentially act like adults. It's important to remember that children are constantly learning. Therefore, they are also learning as they're playing. Exploring nature fosters a respect for the environment that may lead children to become biologists or naturalists. Creating with paint and crayons instills a love of art that might help develop young artists or musicians. Playing make-believe stimulates the imagination in a way that writers, filmmakers, and actors find most useful. Building with blocks helps the mind understand how things are constructed and might lead to an interest in engineering.It's true that play helps develop skills that will be used later in life. However, this should not be the sole purpose of play. Children should play because they're children. It's how they stay happy, healthy, and young. Why should we push them to be something they're not?41. Which of the following sentences is the main idea of this passage?A. It is a harsh truth that humans always want what they can't have.B. Too many adults seem to be in a hurry for children to grow up.C. Children should be free to play the day away.D. It's true that play helps develop skills that will be used later in life.42. Which of the following would the writer of this passage likely NOT agree with?A. Adults should understand that children learn while they play.B. It is important for children to play and act young.C. Many games help children appreciate potential careers.D. Children should concentrate on their schoolwork above everything else.43. "The grass is always greener on the other side" means _____.A. other situations always seem better than the ones we are inB. people always lack confidence in themselvesC. people prefer to live in a less barren landD. people always want their children to grow up fast44. This passage is best described as _____.A. a first-person memoirB. a dramatic dialogueC. a persuasive essayD. an entertaining story45. What does the writer mean by "You cannot put a price on an active and fertile imagination"?A. The ability to think creatively is worthless.B. The ability to think creatively is invaluable.C. The ability to think creatively helps children develop.D. The ability to think creatively is a natural part of childhood.。

综合教程二Unit2 课后题答案Active reading（1）Dealing with unfamiliar words4 Match the words for actions in the box with their definitions.1 to gently move your hand over skin, hair or fur (stroke)2 to move along the ground on your hands and knees (crawl)3 to copy someone’s actions, words or behaviour (imitate)4 to touch someone gently several times with a flat hand to show that you care about them. (pat) Now complete the sentences with the correct form of the words.(a) My father patted me on the head to show he was pleased with me.(b) Children learn a lot by imitating their parents.(c) Babies start learning to crawl at about six months old.(d) She was sitting quietly in the corner, stroking the cat.5 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to make other changes.1 (distinct)2 (Infants)3 (sympathetic)4 (stem from)5 (trace; discipline)6 (an overall; distress)改写：A lot of my childhood memories have faded now, but I have an overall impression that I often felt a vague sense of distress.6 Answer the questions about the words and phrases.1.a2.a3.a4.a5.b6.b7.a8.a9.bActive reading 23 Choose the best way to complete the sentences.1.c2.b3.b4.d5.c6.c7.b8.c4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 (honorable)2 (drama)3 (beam)4 (catalog)5 (volume)6 (knot)7 (couch)8 (clip)9 (mostly)5 Complete the summary with the words in Activity 4.(1)honorable(2)beam(3)mostly(4)catalog(5)clip(6)knot(7)couch(8)volume(9)drama6 Answer the questions about the words and phrases.1.b2.a3.a4.a5.b6.a7.a8.b9.bLanguage in useComplete the sentences with the correct form of the words in brackets and the suffix -ant or -ancy.1. About 800,000 illegal enter the US every year. (immigrate)Correct answer immigrants2. She says her dream is to be one of the on a TV reality show like "Big Brother". (contest)Correct answer contestants3. I want to get a job as a teacher, but there aren't many at the moment. (vacant)Correct answer vacancies4. I have a friend who runs a management in London. (consult)Correct answer consultancy5. The trial lasted three days, during which time the never opened her mouth. (defend)Correct answer defendant6. Mel can't make his mind up about anything. His is a bit worrying. (hesitant)Correct answer hesitancy7. I don't know the way out of the building. Perhaps you should ask the over there. (attend)Correct answer attendant8. A normal lasts for about 40 weeks. (pregnant)Correct answer pregnancy9. He worked as an headteacher for two years before coming here. (assist)Correct answer assistantComplete the answers with the correct form of the underlined words and the prefix mis-.1. What happens if you don't understand something properly?You it. Correct answer misunderstand2. What have you done with something if it's in the wrong place?You have it. Correct answer misplaced3. What is the opposite of good fortune?It is . Correct answer misfortune4. If you have made an incorrect judgement of someone's character, what have you done?You have made a . Correct answer misjudgement5. If you have not been correctly informed about something, what has happened?You have been about it. Correct answer misinformedNow rewrite the sentences using by the time. Follow the example.Example:I accumulated a fixed circle of people. Then I lost my hearing.By the time I lost my hearing, I'd already accumulated a fixed circle of people.1. I arrived at the party. Almost everyone had already left.Suggested answer:By the time I arrived at the party, almost everyone had already left.2. At the age of two, children know about 100 words.Suggested answer:By the time children are two, they have known about 100 words.3. In the end he realized what was happening, but it was too late to ask for help.Suggested answer:By the time he realized what was happening, it had been too late to ask for help.4. When I finally got my degree, most of my friends already had jobs.Suggested answer:By the time I finally got my degree, most of my friends already had jobs.5. Children learn a lot of useful skills before they leave primary school.Suggested answer:By the time they leave primary school, children have learnt a lot of useful skills.6. Courtney finished writing the essay. The deadline had already passed.Suggested answer:By the time Courtney finished writing the essay, the deadline had already passed.Rewrite the sentences using as if / as though. Follow the example.Example:Hope crawled off to be comforted by her mother. She was the one who seemed to have been hurt (and not the other baby).Hope crawled off to be comforted by her mother, as though it were she who had been hurt.1. I didn't make the mistake, but the old man shouted at me.Suggested answer:The old man shouted at me, as if / as though it were me who had made the mistake.2. The girl didn't fall over, but she started crying.Suggested answer:The girl started crying, as if / as though it were she who had fallen over.3. It wasn't Lucy's party, but she stood at the door welcoming everyone.Suggested answer:Lucy stood at the door welcoming everyone, as if / as though it were her party.4. David wasn't making the noise, but Sylvia closed the door of his room.Suggested answer:Sylvia closed the door of David's room, as if / as though it were him that was making the noise.Translate the sentences into Chinese.1. Such motor mimicry, as it is called, is the original technical sense of the word empathy as it was first used in the 1920s by E. B. Titchener, an American psychologist. Titchener's theory was that empathy stemmed from a sort of physical imitation of the distress of another, which then evokes the same feelings in oneself.这种所谓的运动神经模仿就是“同感”的原始技术含义，而“同感”这个词于20世纪20年代由美国心理学家E.B.铁钦纳首次使用。

新标准大学英语综合教程2u n i t2课后答案-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One1(本答案仅供学习交流)Unit 2Acting Reading (1)41.stroke2.crawl3.imitate4.pat(a)patted(b)imitating(c)crawl(d)stroking51.distinct2.Infants3.sympathetic4.stem from5.trace; discipline6. A lot of my childhood memories have faded now, but I have an overallimpression that I often felt a vague sense of distress.6 a, a, a, a, b, b, a, a, bActing Reading (2)41.honorable2.drama3.beam4.catalog5.volume6.knot7.couch8.clip9.mostly51.honorable2.beam3.mostly4.catalog5.clip6.knot7.couch8.volume9.drama6 b, a, a, a, b, a, a, b, bLanguage in use11.immigrants2.contestants3.vacancies4.consultancy5.defendant6.hesitancy7.attendant8.pregnancy9.assistant21.You misunderstand it.2.You have misplaced it.3.It is misfortune.4.You have made a misjudgment.5.You have been misinformed about it.31.By the time I arrived at the party, almost everyone had already left.2.By the time children are two, they have known about 100 words.3.By the time he realized what was happening, it had been too late to ask for help.4.By the time I finally got my degree, most of my friends already had jobs.5.By the time they leave primary school, children have learnt a lot of useful skills.6.By the time Courtney finished writing the essay, the deadline had already passed. 41.The old man shouted at me, as if / as though it were me who had made themistake.2.The girl started crying, as if / as though it were she who had fallen over.3.Lucy stood at the door welcoming everyone, as if /as though it were her party.4.Sylvia closed the door of David’s room, as if / as though it were him that wasmaking the noise.51.这种所谓的运动神经模仿就是“同感”的原始技术含义，而“同感”这个词于20世纪20年代由美国心理学家E.B.铁钦纳首次使用。

新标准⼤学英语综合教程第⼆单元readingpractiseAnger is a negative emotion. But, like being happy or excited, feeling angry makes people want to seek rewards, according to a new study of emotion and visual attention. The researchers found that people who are angry pay more attention to rewards than to threats—the opposite of people feeling other negative emotions like fear.Previous research has shown that emotion affects what someone pays attention to. If a fearful or anxious person is given a choice of a rewarding picture, like a sexy couple, and a threatening picture, like a person waving a knife threateningly, they will spend more time looking at the threat than at the rewarding picture. People feeling excited, however, are the other way—they will go for the reward.But nobody knows whether those reactions occur because the emotions are positive or negative, or because of something else, says Brett Ford of Boston College, who wrote the study with Maya Tamir, also of Boston College, and four other authors. "For example," she says, "emotions can vary in what they make you want to do. Fear is associated with a motivation to avoid, whereas excitement is associated with a motivation to approach. It can make you want to seek out certain things, like rewards." The research is published in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological Science.For her study, Ford focused on anger. Like fear, anger is a negative emotion. But, like excitement, anger motivates someone to go out and get rewards. First, participants in the study were assigned to write for 15 minutes about one of four memories in their past: a time when they were angry, afraid, excited and happy, or felt little or no emotion. A five-minute piece of music reinforced whichever emotion the participant had been assigned. Then they completed a task in which they had to examine two side-by-side pictures. An eye-tracking device monitored how much time they spent looking at each picture.Angry people spent more time looking at the rewarding pictures. "Looking at something is the first step before the thoughts and actions that follow," says Ford. "Attention kicks off an entire string of events that can end up influencing behavior." The people who felt happy and excited also looked more at the rewarding photos, but the two groups might act differently—an angry person might be motivated to approach something in a confrontational or aggressiveway, while a happy person might go for something they want in a nicer way—by collaborating, being sociable and friendly. 1.When people feel frightened, more attention is paid to________________.A. negative emotionsB. positive emotionsC. threatsD. rewards2.What is known in the previous research mentioned inParagraph 2?A. Anxious people pay more attention to threats.B. Excited people pay more attention to threats.C. Attention to threats or rewards is determined by emotion.D. Attention to threats or rewards may vary from person toperson.3.According to Ford, ________________.A. similar emotions always produce similar reactions frompeopleB. anger, like excitement, makes people pay more attention torewardsC. negative emotions are related to a motivation to approachD. positive emotions are related to a motivation to avoid4.The participant in Ford's study ________________.A. listened to a piece of music to help produce a specialemotionB. looked at two pictures when they have a specific emotion orno emotion at allC. record the length of the time they spent looking at picturesQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage or dialog.Dogs are prone to bouts of envy and refuse to play if they are not treated fairly, scientists have found. The animals stoppedcooperating with researchers and began to show signs of distress if they were not offered the same tasty rewards given to other dogs, the study showed.Affronted dogs refused to offer their paws when invited to and began scratching and yawning, indicating that their stress levels were rising, the scientists report. The finding suggests that dogs may share the sense of fairness seen in other social animals that engage in cooperative behavior, such as monkeys.Some scientists believe a sense of justice could be crucial for social animals and may have played a role in the evolution of cooperation. Experiments led by Friederike Range at the University of Vienna tested how pairs of dogs reacted when each was given a different reward —either a piece of bread, some sausage, or nothing —in return for offering a paw to researchers.In one of the tests the first dog was given a piece of bread as a reward, while the second received nothing. When the test wasrepeated a number of times, the dog that got nothing quickly began to display what appeared to be envy. When the dogs were tested on their own, they continued to offer a paw even if they were not given a reward, suggesting they only became distressed if they thought they were being treated unfairly."It tells us that dogs are sensitive to unequal rewards. Is it envy; is it a sense of fairness? It's hard to say, because a lotdepends on howyou define those words," said Range. The researchers conclude, D. were made to become angry, excited and happy, or felt little or no emotion5.What is illustrated in Ford's study?A. Angry people tend to get something they want in anuncooperative way.B. Excited people tend to get something they want in athreatening way.C. Both angry people and excited people focus on rewardsbecause rewards are nicer.D. Both angry people and excited people have a series of action in a similar way."Our results suggest that species other than primates (灵长⽬动物) show at least a primitive version of inequity aversion." They now plan to test wolves in the same way.Last year, Frans de Waal at Emory University in Atlanta conducted similar experiments on capuchin monkeys (卷尾猴). In this case, the monkeys were trained to give small stones in return for an edible treat. When de Waal tried to give out the treats unfairly, by offering some monkeys cucumbers instead of tastier grapes, the monkeys either refused the food, or took it and threw it on the floor.6.Dogs will not cooperate well when researchers________________.A. give them no food after their playB. give them the same food as the other dogsC. treat them in different waysD. treat them in the same way as the other dogs7.What does the word "affronted" (Line 1, Para 2) most probablymean?A. confrontedB. ashamedC. lazyD. angry8.According to experiments led by Friederike Range, which ofthe following findings is right?A. Dogs usually behave themselves without realizing the existence of unfairness.B. Dogs usually become miserable with the existence of unfairness.C. Compared with monkeys, dogs are more likely to become envious.D. It is true that dogs are similar to monkeys in that they share the sense of fairness.9.Which kind of animals have been proved to share the samesense of fairness as dogs?A. wolvesB. capuchin monkeysC. human beingsD. cooperative wolves10.What's the main idea of the passage?A. Dogs will have negative feelings when they find they aretreated unfairly.B. Dogs have a strong sense of fairness, which is quite similarto wolves.C. Dogs react to unfair treatment very well because of theirsense of fairness.D. Dogs hate inequality even since the primitive times, unlikecapuchin monkeys.Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage or dialog.Experts at University of Washington have warned that the way modern technology has been breaking people's connections with the natural world may give rise to a major psychological problem. We are a technological species, but we also need a deep connection with nature in our lives, said Peter Kahn, a UW developmental psychologist.Kahn and two of his UW graduate students, Rachel Severson and Jolina Ruckert, explored how humans connect with nature and technological nature. Writing in the current issue of the journal Current Directions in Psychological Science, the researchers revealed that they looked at the psychological effects of interacting with various forms of technological nature and explore humanity's growing estrangement (疏远) from nature. They even cited an earlier experiment that showed that people recovered better from low level stress by looking at an actual view of nature rather than seeing the same real-time high-definition television scene displayed on a plasma (等离⼦) window."What do we compare technology to? If we compare it to no nature, technological nature works pretty well. But if we compare it toactual nature, it doesn't seem to provide as many psychological benefits," Kahn said.They have also talked about a study that showed that compared to interacting with a real dog, children's interactions with robots were not as social or deep. Robots and virtual pets are beginning to replace children's interactions with biologically live pets.The larger concern is that technological nature will shift the baseline of what people perceive as the full human experience of nature, and that it will contribute to what we call environmental generational amnesia (环境失忆症), Ruckert said.Kahn added that poor air quality is a good example of physical degradation. We can choke on the air, and some people suffer asthma (哮喘), but we tend to regard that as a pretty normal part of the human condition.11.Serious psychological problems may arise because________________.A. people are increasingly isolated from natureB. technological nature has governed every aspect of humanbeing's lifeC. human beings have become a technological speciesD. modern technology has developed too fast for humans tocatch up with12.According to Paragraph 2, which of the following statement istrue?A. Researchers focus their study on the relationship between humans and nature.B. Technological nature influences human beings more than nature.C. Technological nature and actual nature function in people's lives differently.D. People enjoy technological nature more than nature.13.What is the relationship between technological nature and actual nature?A. Technological nature will replace actual nature because it works so well.B. Actual nature will replace technological nature because it is so welcomed.C. Actual nature and technological nature can never coexist peacefully.D. Actual nature and technological nature should coexist peacefully.14.According to this passage, which will influence children in a more positive way?A. Robots.B. Virtual pets.C. Model planes.D. Real dogs.15.Hahn and his students tend to show more ________________to technological nature.A. approvalB. disapprovalC. indifferenceD. sympathyQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage or dialog.When large sums of money are concerned, it is advisable to trust nobody, mystery writer Agatha Christie once said. But what if there is a biological reason for why we would trust others with our cash? Scientists have discovered that the hormone oxytocin (脑下垂体后叶荷尔蒙), when sniffed, makes people more prone to trust others to look after their money.To test the trusting effect of oxytocin, the researchers studied people who played an investment game. In the game, participants would choose how much money to hand over to a trustee. Investors were far more trusting after inhaling the hormone, researchers found.The findings have important implications for the study of conditions in which trust is diminished or augmented. Ongoing research suggests that inhaling oxytocin may help reduce anxiety in people with social phobia (社交恐惧症), for example, and help them to interact better with others.In the trust game participants played either the role of investor or trustee. Investors chose how much money to hand over to the trustee. The trustee, in turn, would then decide how much money to hand back after the financial stake quadrupled in size. Notably, the effect was not seen when the trustee was replaced with a computer. This suggests that oxytocin makes people more willing to engage in social interaction and not just more likely to take risks. Scientists believe oxytocin could work as a kind of neurotransmitter in brain regions associated with emotional and social behaviours. A person's appraisal of a situation could trigger a chain of neural events, including the release of oxytocin."Particular social mechanisms and social cues that foster trust, like a smiling face of the other person, may perhaps lead to increases in oxytocin levels and therefore to higher probabilities of trust," said Kosfeld, the economist.The findings may have direct clinical implications. Heinrichs, the psychologist, has been conducting several studies on the use of oxytocin in treating anxiety disorders, such as social phobia. The role of oxytocin could also help scientists to better understand disorders that cause some people to display too much trust. Children with a rare genetic disorder known as Williams syndrome, for example, approach strangers indiscriminately. The children's high level of trust could be due to excessive oxytocin release, scientists speculate. "This is the beginning of understanding human trust and positive social interactions from a biological point of view," Heinrichs said.Of course, one could also imagine more dubious uses for the "trust potion"—say, if car dealers or investment bankers sprayed their offices with oxytocin.16.Which factor influences people more in trusting others in termsof money in the trust game?A. The amount of money.B. The advice from others.C. The return of the investment.D. The release of oxytocin.17.What can be found in the trust game?A. Investors should consider a lot of factors before handing over the money to a trustee.B. More release of oxytocin from investors increases their trust for the trustee.C. Inhaling oxytocin is helpful to cure social phobia.D. Both investors and trustees deal with their money in a sensible way.18.In the last sentence in Paragraph 5, "trigger" most probably means ________________.A. bring aboutB. influenceC. changeD. determine19.According to the passage, what is the function of oxytocin in trust decisions?A. High level of oxytocin can make people smile.B. Oxytocin can determine the degree of trust directly.C. The increase of oxytocin in human's body may lead to probabilities of trust.D. Oxytocin can make people more likely to take risks.20.Which is the best title for this passage?A. Increasing TrustB. Biological Secret for TrustC. Trust in InvestmentD. The Cure for Anxiety Disorder正确答案。

Unit 2 This is SandyI love it when my friends introduce me to new people, although I never let on. I love the proud and honorable expression they wear when they say “This is Sandy—she's deaf”, as if I were evidence of their benevolence. I also love the split-second shocked expression on the new people, the hasty smiles and their best imitations of what they think of as their “normal faces”. If they do the ritual well enough I turn my head ever so slightly and tuck my hair behind one of my ears, whichever one's closer to them. They never fail to say something nice about my pink hearing aids, while my regular friends beam on.I'm thinking of starting a hearing aid collection, actually. They'd make better accessories than earrings: I once saw a catalog for clip-on hearing aids and hearing aid covers, and the products were most definitely fashion statements in various shapes and hues. It'd be like the exquisitely expensive handbag Esther's dad got her when we were in high school. The rest of us could only admi re, but could not, imitate, because our dads weren’t rich enoughto spoil us that way. And now, only I can wear hearing aids: My friends can do nothing but gush.To be honest, I quite like my deafness. It wasn't easy the first few years after the car accident and the stupid exploding airbag, but now it's become something that makes me special among my friends. None of my close friends are hearing-impaired; simply because I wasn’t born deaf. By the time I lost my hearing; I'd already accumulated a fixed circle of people, and they mostly rushed to participate in the drama.You know how when you talk about your friends, you refer to them as Drew the Bartender, Carol the Feminist, Greg the Guy Who Can Knot a Cherry Stem with His Tongue and so on? I'm Sandy the D eaf Girl. I like it. I don’t have any other particularly outstanding traits or skills. Never did.It's more than just standing out; too: I'm sure a lot of important events in my life wouldn't have happened or worked out quite the same way if I weren't wearing pink hearing aids. For example, the thing with Colin.I first met Colin at an apartment party. When Carol the Feminist introduced us to each other, I tucked my hair behind both my ears and leaned closer, not because he did the ritual particularly well; but because he was a stud: You should have seen his recovery smile after the inevitable surprise.We went in search of drinks after the handshakes, and somewhere between what was functioning as the wine bar and the couch, we lost Carol.“Do you usually read lips like this? Or do you sign, too?” he asked after a while.“I mostly just read lips because it was easier to pick up than signing, although that's not the only reason I was staring at your lips," I told him.He laughed. We talked more, and then the host upped the music volume and dimmed the lights for the “dance floor”; and I had to lean in much, much closer to be able to continue reading his lips in the semi-darkness. Andread his lips I did.We did the usual and exchanged numbers, and a week later Colin did the unthinkable and called. We went out, satisfied ourselves that the other person still looked good in sober daylight, and read more lips. Within two months Colin and I were dating.这位是桑迪我的朋友向生人介绍我的时候，虽然我嘴上从不说什么，但我心里喜欢得很。

新标准大学英语-综合教程(外语教学和研究出版社)Unit2-重点单词Unit2 Food，glorious food!Frown[fraun] 词形变化: frowningly frowner frowned frowned frowning frowns •n. 皱眉，不悦v. 不同意，皱眉头•vi.（因烦恼、焦虑或沉思而）皱眉、蹙额•frown on 表示不满,不赞许,皱眉frown at 朝……皱眉头,对……表示不满，不赞许•frown upon不赞成,不以为然frown down用皱眉蹙额压制住nasty['nɑ:sti]词形变化: nastily nastier nastiest nastiness nasties •adj. （味道、气味、样子或感觉）令人作呕的，令人厌恶的；下流的，严重的，令人不快的，难懂的，危害的• a nasty piece of work n. 阴谋,下流的家伙cheap and nasty adj. 价廉物劣(中看不中用，金玉其外败絮其中)• a nasty one n. 责骂,使人一蹶不振的打击something nasty in the woodshed n.令人不愉快的经历•video nasty n. 恐怖录像片nasty-nice adj. 笑里藏刀的•leave a nasty taste in the mouth留下讨厌的气味Jack nasty鬼鬼祟祟的人•have a nasty spill[口](被)摔得很重(指从马背或自行车上摔下)leavea nasty taste in someone’s mouth给(某人)留下坏印象•sling a nasty foot跳舞跳得到家了nasty piece of work n. 令人讨厌的人,令人难以忍受的人•nasty taste in the mouth不愉快的感觉Things look nasty.事态险恶,事情不妙，有恶化之势• a nasty proposition难对付的人a nasty piece of goods讨厌的家伙,卑鄙的人• a nasty quarter of an hour不愉快的短暂时刻cut up nasty [口]发怒,冒火;露出凶相；找人吵架• a nasty bit of goods讨厌的家伙,卑鄙的人a nasty bit of work讨厌的家伙。

Unit 2 Food, Glorious FoodActive Reading 1Reading and understanding2. Choose the best way to complete the sentences1. b2. B.3. a4. a.5. CDealing with unfamiliar words3. Match the words in the box with their definition1. frank2. resort3. yummy4. juicy5. gloomy6. innocence7. perception 8. Nonsense4. Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box1 The waves were very large in size as they fell onto the beach. (enormous)2 There was so much seafood that it was holding tightly onto the plate. (clinging)3 In the area of land where they were visiting, it wasn’t usual to eat fish and chips. (region)4 When he had eaten the shellfish, he got rid of the shells. (discarded)5 To eat shellfish you need special tools to break open the shells and dig out the food. (implements; crack;scrape)6 The boy was especially fond of his mother’s bread and cakes from the oven. (baking)7 Because they’re smooth, wet and quite difficult to hold, it’s quite a challenge to try your first oysters.(slippery)5. Answer the questions about the words in the box.1 Which word means feeling? (emotion)2 Which word means a feeling that a situation is so bad that there’s nothing you can do to change it? (despair)3 Which word means to say you’re not happy with s omeone or something?(complain)4 Which word describes how your face looks when you’re annoyed or worried about something? (frown)5 Which word describes something that is unpleasant to taste, smell or see? (nasty)6 Which word means to say something to someone in order to have fun by embarrassing or annoying them slightly? (tease)Reading and interpreting6. Check the true statementsThe true statements are 1, 2, 4.Talking pointSome words to express likes or dislikes of particular food items. Positive words: appetizing, delicious, exquisite, fabulousmouth-watering, tasty temptingNegative words: bitter disgusting revoltingEither positive or negative: home-made (usually positive,) salty Savory, smooth, sourActive reading (2)Dealing with unfamiliar words4. Answer the questions about the words and expressions in the box 1. more active 2. its features 3. the reason for it4. made in a factory5. help cause hormones to leave the brains6. press it strongly7. your parents8. liquid 9. tell people5. Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.(1) luxury (2) nourishing (3) mould (4) manufacturer (5) snap(6) condensed (7) flavour (8) popularity (9) genetic (10) traitLanguage in useword formation3 Form new words with the following words and the prefixes / suffixes in the table. air – airsick car – carsick fiction – non-fiction help – helpfulsea – seasick shop – shopaholic smoker – non-smokerspoon – spoonfulstop – non-stop work – workaholic4 Answer the questions with the words you formed in Activity 3.What’s the word for:1 how you feel if the sea makes you ill? (seasick)2 someone who likes shopping a lot? (shopaholic)3 what something is if it is useful and providing help? (helpful)4 what a flight is if it goes directly from one place to another? (non-stop)5 someone who doesn’t smoke? (non-smoker)6 writing which is about real people and events, not imaginary ones? (non-fiction)5 Translate the sentences into Chinese.1 Outside the skies were grey and a strong wind was blowing off the sea. It looked as gloomy as I felt.外面，天空灰蒙蒙的，海面上刮来一阵强风。