英语语法系列复习专题十-虚拟语气、倒装句型

语法系列复习专题十-----虚拟语气、倒装句型虚拟语气虚拟语气是通过特殊的谓语动词形式来表达的愿望、假设、怀疑、猜测或建议等语气，它不表示客观存在。

一、虚拟语气在单句中的用法常用来表示祝愿、采用固定的倒装句式。

例如： Long live the People ’s Republic of China!中华人民共和国万岁！be happy! 快乐！have a good time! 玩得愉快！ succeed!成功！ make progress! 进步！二、虚拟语气在复合句中的用法：1． 在非真实性条件句与主句中的用法If I were you,I should accept the invitation.如果我是你，我会接受邀请的。

If I had time,I would go there.如果我有空，我就去那儿。

If you had come earlier,you couldn t/wouldn t have missed the bus. 如果你早点来，你就不会错过那辆公共汽车了。

If he had seen you yesterday,he would have returned your book. 如果他昨天见到了你，他就会还你的书的。

例如：If it should rain/were to rain/rained tomorrow,the sports meet would beput off.万一明天下雨，运动会就推迟。

（事实上明天下雨的可能性不大。

） If you dropped/should drop/were to drop the glass,it would break. 万一杯子掉下来会打碎的。

注意：if 表示将来的条件句，有可发生的，用陈述句。

从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。

如表示与将来的事实可能相反，则用虚拟语气，从句用一般过去时，主句用过去将来时。

做题时，要注意从句谓语时态的一致。

如：May you 祝你1. If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home.2. If it rained tomorrow, I would stay at home.without(＝but for),or(else)代替if 从句，句子中的谓语用虚拟语气。

例如：Without/But for his help,we would ’t have made such great progress. ＝If his help,we wouldn ’t have made such great progress. 2.在as if/as though 引导的状语从句中用法：在as if/as though 引导的状语从句中，谓语动词多用倒退一个时间段的方式来表达虚拟语气。

例如：The man speaks as if he were a foreigner./The speaker told us a lot about that country as though he had been there many times./They talked as if they had been good friends for years.注：as if/as though 从句中不一定都要用虚拟语气。

如果情况真实性、可能性很大，就要用正常时态来描绘。

例如：It looks as if it is going to rain.天看起来象要下雨。

（下雨的可能性很大。

）3．在宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句中的用法：1） 在wish 后的宾语从句中的用法：A ．与过去事实相反的愿望：宾从谓语为“had done ”形式。

例如：I wish I had passed yesterday s exam.要是我昨天的考试及格了该多好。

B ．与现在事实相反的愿望：宾从谓语为“did ”形式。

例如：He wishes he was as clever as you./I wish I had a large room to live in.C ．表示将来愿望：宾从谓语用“would/could do ”形式例如：How I wish I would go abroad next year!2)在suggest,advise,propose,demand,request,require,command ,order,insist 后的宾语从句中，谓语为“(should) do ”形式。

例如：I suggest/propose/demand/request/require/order/insist that he(should) be sent to the nearest hospital as soon as possible.3)在“It is (about/high) time ＋that 从句”结构中，that 从句的谓语用一般过去 时或“should do ”形式。

例如：It is high time he 他该开始了。

4)在表语从句、同位语从句中的用法：在suggestion,proposal,request,requirement,advice 等名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中，谓语用“(should) do ”形式。

例如：My suggestion is that we (should) send a few comrades to help the other groups./He gave an order that the work be done at once.there hadn ’t been we hadn ’t gotstarted. should start.虚拟语气考点分析1．——Alice,why didn’t you come yesterday?——I _____,but I had an unexpected visitor. (NMET)A.hadB.wouldC.was going toD.did析:此题A、D明显不合上下文，因为乙方没有去。

B选项若为would have则成立，可以理解为I would have come if I hadn t had an unexpected visitor.的简略式。

但此处是would,故应排除。

只有was going to可得体地表达“我原本打算去的，但是有不速之客造访”这一意思。

2．If there were no subjunctive,English ______ much easier. (NMET)A.will beB.would have beenC.could have beenD.would be析：观察题干，可知全句表达的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。

故答案为D。

3．The guard at the gate insisted that everybody ______ the rules. (NMET)A.obeysB.obeyC.will obeyD.would obey析：根据insist后的宾语从句谓语要用(should) do形式规律，可定正确答案是B。

4．I wish I _____ you yesterday.A.seenB.did seeC.had seenD.were to see析：此题表与过去事实相反的原望，答案应为C。

5．—— If he _____ ,he _____ that food.—— Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. (NMET)A.was warned;would not takeB.had been warned;would not have takenC.wuld be warned;had not takenD.would have been warned;had not taken析：从对话看，是表达与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为B。

6.Without electricity human life _____ quite different today. (NMET)A.isB.will beC.would have beenD.would be析：without引出一个含蓄条件句，主句表述的是与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，故答案为D。

7．When a pencil is partly in a glass of water,it look as if it _____. (NMET) A.breaks B.has broken C.were broken D.had been broken析；放入水中的铅笔看上去是断的，但实际上并非如此，因此是与现在的事实相反，这时as if从句谓语要用一般过去时，故答案为C。

8．You didn t let me drive.If we _____ in turn,you _____ so tired. (NMET)A.drove;didn t getB.drove;wouldn t getC.were driving;wouldn t getD.had driven;wouldn t have got析：观察题干，可知if从句表述与过去事实相反的假设，因此答案只能是D。

9．I didn t see your uncle at the party.If he _____ ,he would have said hello to me.A.would comeB.had comeC.cameD.did come析：观察题目上下文，特别是第二句的主句谓语为 would have said，可知if从句表述的是与过去事实相反的愿望，因此答案为B。

10．_____ it _____ for your help,I couldn t have made any progress.A.Had;not beenB.Should;not beC.Did;not beD.Not;be析：根据主句谓语形式，可知从句要用had done形式，故应选A，Had it not been for your help＝If it had not been for your help.（要不是你帮忙的话）11．Mr Smith was badly ill,or he _____ our dinner party.A.should come toB.would have attendedC.would come toD.should have attended析：or可引导含蓄条件句，表达虚拟语气。