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高中英语语法总结大全之名词名词概论名词可以分为专有名词（Proper Nouns）和普通名词(Common Nouns)，专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。
普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。
普通名词又可分为下面四类：1)个体名词（Individual Nouns）：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。
2)集体名词（Collective Nouns）：表示若干个个体组成的集合体，如：family。
3)物质名词（Material Nouns）：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：air。
4)抽象名词（Abstract Nouns）：表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念，如：work。
个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词（Countable Nouns），物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词（Uncountable Nouns）。
归纳一下，名词的分类可以下图表示：名词复数的规则变化其它名词复数的规则变化1) 以y结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s变复数：如：two Marys the Henrysmonkey---monkeysholiday---holidays比较：层楼：storey ---storeys story---stories2) 以o 结尾的名词，变复数时：a. 加s，如：photo---photos piano---pianosradio---radios zoo---zoos；b. 加es，如：potato—potatoes tomato—tomatoesc. 均可，如：zero---zeros / zeroes3) 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时：a. 加s，如：belief---beliefs roof---roofssafe---safes gulf---gulfs；b. 去f,fe 加ves，如：half---halvesknife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolveswife---wives life---lives thief---thieves；c. 均可,如：handkerchief:handkerchiefs / handkerchieves名词复数的不规则变化1）child---children foot---feet tooth---teethmouse---mice man---men woman---women注意：与man 和woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men 和-women。
高中英语语法专题复习练习---名词一、单选题1.Tony said that she must feel very unhappy to say that. Claire thought it was ridiculous to be offered by a robot.A. scissorsB. sectionC. skinD. sympathy2.He graduated from a medical research ______ five years ago and has been working as a doctor since then.A. dataB. attendanceC. contextD. institute3.Now that the banks are back on their feet, we expect extraordinary ________ from them to help rebuild the economy.A. commitmentB. appointmentC. instrumentD. requirement4.The employer will bear 80% medical ______ for the employee during the employment period.A. discountB. fareC. feeD. fine5.The medicine should usually be kept out of the ________ of children at home.A. distanceB. reachC. limitD. arrival6.The of an area of land is a line in people's imagination that separates it from other areas.A. boundaryB. hurdleC. ceilingD. neighborhood7.Finding information in today's world is easy. The________ is how you can tell if the information you get is useful or not.A. knowledgeB. abilityC. competitionD. challenge8.The League member is brave, honest and hard-working. In a word, he is a good boy of many______.A. qualitiesB. principlesC. rewardsD. opinions9.Still a little left on the chair, seeing that, Grandma shouted to the little boy.A. bread, wasB. breads, wereC. bread, wereD. breads, was10.What Darwin said was an attack on people's religious .A. beliefB. beliefsC. beliefesD. believes11.Historic sites impress writers with their amazing beauty, which are a great source of ________.A. inspirationB. compositionC. occupationD. combination12.What is known to my families is that many are in my brother's album.A. stampB. stampsC. booksD. stampes13.The students didn't find much______ about the topic on the website.A. reportB. articleC. informationD. progress14.In universities in China, classes are often arranged in more flexible ___ and a lot of jobs areoffered to the students after graduation.A. patternsB. ranksC. gradesD. scales15.You will have more success if you study regularly, so try to develop a ________.A. theoryB. stormC. routineD. project16.For years，scientists have been worried about the________of air pollution on the earth'snatural conditions.A. effectB. resultC. accountD. cause17.How amazing it is that Zuckberg can speak Chinese! After all, it is a big_____ for anywesterner to learn such a totally different language.A. adventureB. achievementC. trendD. challenge18.Thanks to the special chemical ________ of the soil in the mountainous area, this economicplant grows well there.A. compositionB. competenceC. constructionD. conclusion19.Every great accomplishment rests on the of what came before it; when you trace it back, you'll see one small step that started it all.A. reputationB. expectationC. recreationD. foundation20.Saving Private Ryan is an unforgettable anti-war film and also a story of courage and_________.A. burdenB. depressionC. benefitD. sacrifice21.The lack of eco-friendly habits among the public is thought to be a major _____________ of global climate change.A. resultB. causeC. warningD. reflection22.—Whose umbrella is it?—It's ________.A. somebody else'sB. Somebody elseC. Somebody's else'sD. Somebody's else23.An important component of any trip to a ______ you haven't visited is a map.A. destinationB. dimensionC. dictationD. distinction24."May I take your order now?" "We'd like three black _______ and two green _______."A. coffee, cups of teasB. coffees, teasC. cups of coffee, teaD. cup of coffees, teas25.The rising crime is a major_______ of society.A. responsibilityB. conditionC. causeD. concern26.When I came back home, I wrote him a letter to show my ________ of his thoughtfulness.A. appreciationB. agreementC. attentionD. achievement27.The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight _____ of rain later tonight.A. effectB. senseC. changeD. chance28.He sold this car for only 2000 dollars, so the buyer got a wonderful________.A. costB. worthC. valueD. bargain29.Excuse me, can you change this for me?A. five-pound noteB. five pound noteC. five-pound notesD. five pounds notes30.People with simple names enjoy quicker career advancement because names which are hard to pronounce inspire negative _______ from superiors.A. considerationB. consequencesC. expectationsD. reactions31.Take it easy. As your best friend, I will help you in my ________.A. powerB. forceC. energyD. strength32.Only when women are enabled to become strong will our families, our economies, and our societies reach their fullest .A. distinctionB. innovationC. potentialD. appreciation33.I practiced a lot in the training center so that I could pass the driving test at my first__________ .A. attemptB. experimentC. flightD. glance34.I asked her if she would attend Barbara's party to be held the next week, but she made no______.A. responseB. explanationC. conceptD. affection35.When I turned back, I noticed again there was no _________of him in the mirror.A. pictureB. shadowC. reflectionD. figure36.—Could you tell me the____ of making such tasty cakes?— Well, I just follow the directions in the cookbook.A. featureB. planC. costD. trick37.If people find out what you are doing here, it will completely ruin your________.A. fortuneB. chanceC. destinationD. reputation38.He wanted to look for a(n) _________suited to his abilities.A. pensionB. preventionC. occupationD. permission39.In order to _______ a good knowledge of English, he gave up his job and went to study in an English school.A. requireB. inquireC. acquireD. address40.Judging from her _________, I guess she must come from the West of America.A. voiceB. soundC. noiseD. accent41.The ______ is the degree to which something is good or bad.A. qualityB. quantityC. scale42.Male nurses are difficult to hire as many men reject this______ out of the long-existing discrimination.A. conceptB. responsibilityC. identityD. personality43.Have you heard the traffic ________that happened in Yatai Street last week?A. accidentB. affairC. incidentD. event二、语法填空44.We paid a visit to Guilin, whose beauty was beyond ________ (describe)．45.The cinema has little________ (attract) for some people.46.Some students hold the view that universities should be centers of ________ (cultural).47.The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the ________ (challenge) faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.48.Good books are of great ________ (valuable) to students.5答案一、单选题1.【答案】D【解析】【分析】本题考查名词的词义辨析。
.高考英语语法分类专题名词名词的单复数1）不可数名词不可数名词没有复数形式，如果需要表示多少，通常要用“a+表示数量的词+of+名词”来表示。
通常抽象名词和物质名词都是不可数名词。
同时，不可数名词之间的意义区别是名词的重要考点。
常见的不可数名词有：①物质名词：ice，coffee，soup，grass，cloth，clothing，iron，food,bread等。
②抽象名词：thought, success, advice，knowledge, experience，courage，fun，childhood等。
以-s、-x、-ch、-sh结尾2）可数名词复数的变化①规则变化②不规则变化passers by, sons-in-law, policemen,lookerson, grown ups2.名词的复数类指与冠词复数可数名词表示泛指，前面一般不加冠词，如果加冠词则表示特指或事物的类别。
—Could you tell me the way to Johnsons，please?—Sorry，we don’t have Johnson here in the village.A.the；theB.the；aC./；theD.the；/解析：选B。
前面“the+姓氏的复数”指一家人或夫妇两个；后面表示“一个姓……的人”，为泛指概念，因此姓氏的前面加不定冠词a。
3.名词在特殊情况下的复数使用有些名词在使用时总是用其复数形式，如：thanks, clothes，congratulations，goods，works，shoes，trousers 等。
有些短语也要求用名词复数形式：make preparations for 为……做准备take pains to do sth. 努力做某事make both ends meet 收支平衡ke ep ties with 同……保持联系be in high spirits 兴致勃勃;情绪很高do/make repairs 进行修理二、名词所有格1.对于有生命的名词，其单数的所有格一般在名词后面加“’s”，如：the boy s bag 这个男孩的书包，而以s结尾的人名或复数名词后直接加“’”，如:Teachers’Day 教师节，Charles’home查理的家。
初中英语语法专题(专题一：词汇部分（名词、数词、冠词）A：名词专项定义：名词(nouns）是词性的一种，也是实词的一种，是指待人、物、事、时、地、情感、概念等实体或抽象事物的词。
名词可以独立成句。
在短语或句子中通常可以用代词来替代。
名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词，专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。
普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadness等。
名词在句中作主语，宾语，介词宾语，宾语补足语，表语以及名词短语作状语。
1．主语：The bag is in the desk. 书包在桌子里边。
2．宾语：I washed my clothes yesterday. 昨天我洗了我的衣服。
3．表语：This is a good book. 这是一本好书。
4．宾语补主语We selected him our monitor. 我们选他为我们的班长。
5．介词宾语Mary lives with her parents. 玛丽和她的父母亲住在一起。
6．定语：I bought some dog food.我买了一些狗食。
1、可修饰名词的常用词：修饰可数名词与不可数名词：some, any, a lot of, lots of, plenty of饰可数名词的有：many, (a)few, a large (great) number of只修饰不可数名词的有：much, (a)little, a great deal of2、难点1）名词所有格的归纳1、a student's room, students' rooms, father's shoes。
2、Children's Day3、a friend of my father's4、a twenty minutes' walk，ten miles' journey，a boat's length，two pounds' weight, ten dollars' worth。
语法复习专题一-—名词一、考点聚焦1。
可数名词单、复数变化形式(1）规则变化.①单数名词词尾直接加—s。
如：boy — boys, pen — pens。
②以s、x 、ch 、sh结尾的单词一般加-es。
如：glass — glasses，box — boxes， watch — watches, brush — brushes.特例：stomach - stomaches.③以“辅音字母 + y"结尾的变“y”为“i"再加“-es”.如:baby - babies， lady - ladies， fly — flies.④以“o"结尾的多数加-es。
如：tomato —tomatoes，potato —potatoes， hero - heroes。
但以两个元音字母结尾的名词和部分外来词中以o 结尾的词只加—s。
如：radio — radios, zoo — zoos， photo - photos，piano - pianos， kilo — kilos， tobacco - tobaccos.⑤以“f”或“fe"结尾的名词复数形式变“f"或“fe”为“v",之后再加-es。
如:wife - wives， life - lives, knife — knives， wolf— wolves， self — selves, leaf - leaves等.特例:handkerchief— handkerchiefs， roof - roofs, chief — chiefs, gulf — gulfs， belief — beliefs, cliff —cliffs。
⑥改变元音字母的.如：man - men, mouse — mice， foot — feet，woman — women, tooth — teeth， goose - geese， ox — oxen.特例：child - children。
初中英语语法专项习题-名词1.( ) 1 She was very happy. She_____in the maths test.A. makes a few mistakeB. made a few mistakesC. made few mistakesD. makes few mistake( ) 2 We need some more____. Can you go and get some, please?A. potatoB. potatosC. potatoesD. potatoe( ) 3 _____are____for cutting things.A. Knife/usedB. Knives/usedC. Knife/usingD. Knives/using ( ) 4 What big____ the tiger has!A. toothB. teethC. toothsD. toothes( ) 5 Please remember to give the horse some tree___.A. leafsB. leavesC. leafD. leave( ) 6 -Can we have some ___?-Yes, please.A. bananaB. orangesC.appleD. pear( ) 7 On the table there are five____.A. tomatosB. piece of tomatoesC. tomatoesD. tomato2.( ) 1 They got much ___ from those new books.A. ideasB. photosC. informationD. stories( ) 2 He gave us____ on how to keep fit.A. some advicesB. some adviceC. an adviceD. a advice ( ) 3 When we saw his face, we knew___ was bad.A. some newsB. a newsC. the news P. news( ) 4 What___ lovely weather it is!A. /B. theC. anD. a3.( ) 1 -Would you like___tea?-No, thanks. I have drunk two____.A. any, bottles of orangeB. some, bottles of orangeC. many, bottles of orangesD. few, bottle of oranges( ) 2 He is hungry. Give him ___ to eat.A. two breadsB. two piece of breadC. two pieces of breadD. two pieces of breads( ) 3 It really took him:___ to draw the nice horse.A. sometimesB. hourC. long timeD. some time( ) 4 I would like to have___.A. two glasses of milkB. two glass of milk IC. two glasses of milksD. two glass of milks( ) 5 Can you give me ____?A. a teaB. some cup of teaC. a cup teaD. a cup of tea( ) 6 Please give me ___ paper. A. one B. a piece C. a D. a piece of( ) 7 John bought___for himself yesterday.A. two pairs of shoesB. two pair of shoeC. two pair of shoesD. two pairs shoes 4.( ) 1 -How many ____ have you got on your farm?-I've got five.A. sheepsB. sheepC. pigD. chicken( ) 2 Some ___ came to our school for a visit that day.A. GermansB. GermenC. GermanyD. Germanies ( ) 3 In the picture there are many____ and two.A. sheep; foxes C. sheeps; foxesB. sheeps; fox D. sheep;foxs( ) 4 A group of______ will visit the museum tomorrow.A. HungarianB. AustralianC. JapaneseD. American5.( ) 1 This table is made of___.A. many glassB. glassesC. some glassesD. glass ( ) 2 -What would you like to have for lunch, sir?-I'd like____. !A. chickenB. a chickenC. chickensD. the chicken ( ) 3 Children should make____ for old people in a bus.A. roomB. a roomC. roomsD. the room6.( ) 1 Tables are made of___.A. woodB. some woodsC. woodenD. woods( ) 2 I wonder why ______ are so interested in action (武打片) films.A. peopleB. peoplesC. the peopleD. the peoples( ) 3I have read____ of the young writer.A. worksB. workC. this worksD. the works7.( ) 1 Let's meet at 7: 30 outside the gate of___?A. the People's ParkB. the Peoples' ParkC. the People ParkD. People's Park( ) 2 ___ Chinese people are ___ hard working people.A. /; aB. We; theC. The; theD. The; a( ) 3 How many were there in the street when the accident happened?A. policemanB. policesC. policeD. peoples8.( ) 1 If these trousers are too big, buy a smaller____.A. setB. oneC. pieceD. pair( ) 2 Last week I bought a TV____.A. pair .B. setC. pieceD. block( ) 3 There is a of wood left on the ground.A. cupB. piece ,C. boxD. pair9.( ) 1 There are sixty-seven___ in our school.A. women's teacherB. women teachersC. woman teachersD. women teacher ( ) 2 There are five___in our factory.A. woman driver B, women driver C. woman drivers D. women drivers( ) 3 These ____ were sent to the villages to help the farmers.A. women doctorB. women doctorsC. woman doctorsD. woman doctor10.( ) 1 They write most of their___ in English.A. business letterB. business lettersC. businessesD. businesses letters( ) 2 We came to a ___ at last .and went in.A. watch shopB. watches shop ,'C. watching shopD. watchs shop( ) 3 This shop sells apples, bananas and things like these. It's a___.A. food shopB. book shopC. fruit shopD. vegetable shop( ) 4 She broke a___while she was washing up.A. glass of wineB. glass for wineC. glass wineD. wine glass( ) 5 I've forgotten both of the____.A. room numbers .B. rooms numberC. rooms numbersD. room number11.1. September 10th is____in China.A. Teacher's DayB. Teachers'DayC. Teacher DayD. Teachers Day( ) 2 -Is the broom under ____ desk? -No, it's under____.A. the teacher's; myB. teacher's; mineC. teacher's; meD. the teacher's; mine ( ) 3 Excuse me, where is the___?A. men's roomB. mens' roomC. men's roomsD. men rooms12.( ) 1 The football under the bed is____.A. Lily and LucyB. Lily's and Lucy'sC. Lily's and LucyD. Lily and Lucy's ( ) 2 This is my____dictionary.A. sister MaryB. sister'sC. sister, Mary'sD. sister's Mary's( ) 3 He went to ___ shop to buy a shirt.A. a tailorB. the tailorC. a tailorsD. the tailors'( ) 4 Joan is____.A. Mary's and Jack sisterB. Mary and Jack's sisterC. Mary and Jack sisterD. Mary's and Jack's sister13.( ) 1 In a few____ time, those mountains will be covered with trees.A. yearB. years'C. year'sD. years( ) 2 It's about ___ walk from my house.A. ten minuteB. ten minutes'C. ten minute'sD. ten minutes( ) 3 The post office is a bit far from here. It's about_____.A. thirty minutes's walkB. thirty minute's walkC. thirty minutes' walkD. thirty minutes walk( ) 4 Half___ telephone calls are made in English.A. the worldB. worldC. the world'sD. world's14.( ) 1 ____ face to the south.A. Windows of the roomB. The windows of the roomC. The room's windowsD. The windows in room( ) 2 Please take two___.A. picture of the parkB. pictures of the parkC. the pictures of a parkD. picture of a park( ) 3 The workers are repairing____.A. the roof of the houseB. a roof of the houseC. roof of the houseD. this roof of house15.( ) 1 Miss Smith is a friend of____.A. Mary's mother'sB. Mary's motherC. mother's of MaryD. Mary mothers( ) 2 This is a book of ___.A. TomB. Tom'sC. herD. him( ) 3 The post card is sent by ____.A. a friend of my fatherB. a friend of my father'sC. my father friendD. my father friend's16.( ) 1 Sydney is a city of___.A. AmericaB. GermanyC. AustraliaD. Japan( ) 2 My father likes buying us ___.A. carsB. flowersC. peasantsD. presents( ) 3 In England, the last name is the ___.A. full nameB. family nameC. middle nameD. given name ( ) 4 Mr Gao is a teacher. He works in a new____.A. shopB. schoolC. factoryD. hospital17.( ) 1 My father is a____. He works in a hospital.A. teacherB. doctorC. farmerD. soldier( ) 2 -Which animal lives only in China?-The____.A. tigerB. monkeyC. pandaD. elephant( ) 3 April come before___and after___.A. March; MayB. May; MarchC. June; MayD. March; February( ) 4 Which of the following is right?A. China has a large population.B. China has much population.C. China has many populations.D. China has a great deal of population. ( ) 5 Please do like this. Fold the paper____ and cut along the fold.A. into piecesB. in halfC. on halvesD. to half( ) 6 You played the violin wonderfully. Will you please play another____?A. oneB. gameC. programmeD. piece参考答案：1. 1-7 C C B B B B C2. 1-4 C B C A3. 1-7 B C D A D D A4. 1-4 B A A C5. 1-3 D A A6. 1-3 A A D7. 1-3 A D C8. 1-3 D B B9. 1-3 B D B10. 1-5 B A C D A11. 1-3 B D A12. 1-4 D C C B13. 1-4 B B C C14. 1-3 B B A15. 1-3 A B B16. 1-4 C D B B17. 1-6 B C B A B D系列复习题（一）——名词㈠、基本型写出下列名词的复数形式：1. pencil-box ___________2. wife _______3. Sunday ________4. city ______5. dress _______6. Englishman ________7. match _______ 8. Chinese ________ 9. zoo ________10. exam________ 11. German __________单词拼写：12. I have a lot of ________(作业) to do every day.13. His _______(裤子) are new, but mine are old.14. It is the best one of the _________ (照片) in my family.15. Are they building any _______ (图书馆) in the city?16. Can you cut this big pear into two _______(半)?17. At the end of _______(八月), you must get ready for the new school year.18. Trees are planted in most of the mountain v________.19. I like a_______. It’s neither hot nor cold.20. T_______ comes after Monday.㈡、提高型1.June 1st is ____ Day all over the world.D. Childrens’A. Child’sB. Childs’C. Children’ｓ2.September 10th is ___ Day in China, isn’t it?C. TeacherD. Teacher ofA. Teacher’ｓB. Teachers’3._____ is made of _____.A. Glass; glassB. A glass; glassC. Glasses; glassesD. A glass; glasses4.This is _______ news.A. such a goodB. a very goodC. so good aD. such good5.What ______ it is! Let’s go swimming.A. a fine weatherB. fine dayC. a fine dayD. bad weather6.They like Chinese _____.A. food and peoplesB. foods and peopleC. foods and peopleD. food and people7.Lucy and I go to school _____ every day.A. on feetB. on footC. by footsD. by buses8. –Are those _____? -No, they aren’t. They’re _____.A. sheep; cowsB. sheep; cowC. sheeps; cowD. sheeps; cows9. What are you listening to, Jane? ____ or ____?A. a music; a newsB. music; newsC. music; newsD. music; a newsHow many ____ and ____ are there in your class?A. boy student; girl onesB. girls students; boys onesC. boys student; girl oneD. girl students; boy ones11.A group of ____ are talking with two ___ over there.A. Frenchmen; GermansB. Frenchmen; GermenC. German; FrenchmenD. Germans; Frenchmans12. That bus driver drank two _____.A. glass of waterB. glasses of watersC. cups of teaD. cup of tea13. Mrs. Smith is an old friend of _______.C. mother of BobD. Bob mother’ｓA. Bob’s motherB. Bob’s mother’ｓ14. The tall man with a big nose is _______ teacher.C. Tom and Carl’ｓA. Tom and CarlB. Tom’s and Carl’ｓ15. There is ______ tree in our school.A. a 8-metres-tallB. an-8-metre-tallC. an 8 metres tall㈢、综合型1.In ____ time, those mountains will be covered with trees.A.few yearB. a few years’C. few yearsD. a few year’ｓ2. Did you hear the ______ report?A. policeB. policemen’sC. policemans’D. policemens’day.3. We bought _____ for my mother’s birthA. some meatsB. some pieces meatC. a piece of meatD. pieces of meats4. –Whose is this new desk?-It’s _____.B. Sue and JimC. Sue’s and Jim’ｓA. Sue and Jim’ｓ5. –Would you like _____ coffee? -No, thanks. I’ve drunk two __.A.any; bottles of orangeB. little; bottle of orangesC. some; bottles of orangeD. a few; bottle of orange6. –How many _____ do you want? -Two, please.A. kilos of eggB. kilo of eggsC. kilos of eggsD. kilo of bread7. The railway station is two _____ from our house.C. hour-driveD. hours driveA. ho ur’s driveB. hours’ drive8. –Where are you going, Lucy? -_______.C. At my uncleD. At my uncle’ｓA. To my uncleB. To my uncle’ｓ9.Have you read _____?B. today newspaperA. a newspaper of today’ｓC. a piece of newspaper todayD. today’s newspaper10. There’re a lot of ___ down there, but hardly any ___.A. horse; peopleB. horses; peoplesC. cow; peopleD. sheep; people11. Lucy put a lot of ____ in ____ of tea. (2000西安)A. sugar; the two cupB. sugars; the two cupsC. sugar; the two cupsD. sugars; two cups12. Mr. Lin often gives us _______ by e-mail. (2000上海)A. some good informationB. some good informationsC. good informationsD. a good information(2000广州)13. –Is this your room? -No, it’s _____ room.A. box of appleB. boxes of applesC. box of applesD. boxes of apple17. –Help yourself to some _________.-Thank you. I really like them. (2001汕头)A. fishB. orangeC. breadD. cakes18. This is an old photo of mine when I _______. (2001吉林)A. have short hairsB. had short hairsC. have short hairD. had short hair(2001四川)19. Where is ________ sweater? I can’t see it.A. LucyB. LucysC. Lucy’ｓ20. The little baby has two _______ already. (2001天津)A. toothB. toothsC. teethD. teeths21. We all had ______ last month. Did you travel to anywhere?B. seven day’s holidayA. seven days’ holidayC. seven-days holidayD. a seven-days holiday22. Yesterday a few _____ came to visit some ______ in Shantou.A. German; places of interestB. Germans; places of interestsC. Germans; places of interestD. Germen; places of interest23. When autumn comes, ______ of most trees turn yellow and then fall down.A. leafB. leafsC. leaveD. leaves。
高中英语语法复习天津市汉沽区第五中学刘华名词专有名词(Proper Nouns)普通名词(Common Nouns)个体名词(Individual Nouns)集体名词(Collective Nouns)物质名词(Material Nouns)抽象名词(Abstract Nouns)不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)可数名词(Countable Nouns)Proper Nouns:指人名、地名及某些人和事物专有的名称Tom; Beijing; Americans;English; May; New Year’s Day 注意：专有名词的第一个字母要大写Common Nouns：专有名词以外的名词都是普通名词1。
Individual Nouns:指作为个体而存在的人或东西。
可以指具体的人或物。
aunts; a panda; apartments也可指抽象东西。
a year; fairy tales; a dream2. Collective Nouns:表示由个体组成的集体。
army; audience; crew; family; team;police; government; public集体名词有时作单数看待，有时作复数看。
一般来说，视为整体时作单数看，突出它的成员时作复数看。
His family isn’t large.His family are all music lovers.在不少情况下，集体名词后单复数动词都可以用，没什么差别。
The audience was (were) excited by the show.3.Material Nouns:指无法分为个体的东西。
beer; cake; cloth; cotton; detergent; fur; ice; paint; paper; soil一般来说，物质名词是不可数的，因而没有复数形式。
但有一些特殊情况：1)有些物质名词可用作可数名词，表示“一份”、“一杯”、“一种”Two strong black coffees, please.( 两份）Three beers, please.(三杯）It was a special tea.(一种）2)个别物质名词的复数形式可以表示特别的意义。
（完整版）英语语法--名词练习题英语语法---名词（一）可数名词和不可数名词1. 什么是不可数名词？1）物质名词glass, tea 2）抽象名词beauty, youth 3) 科学名称physics, maths 练习: 找出不可数名词boot tear knowledge money wood chicken music homework bread blood dress news milk dustman2. 不可数名词变成可数名词1）词义发生改变time—times work---works wood—woodssand—sands cloth—clothes glass—glasses2) 加量词 a glass of water , two pieces of paper练习；填入恰当的量词a ________________ of good news (条) a ________________ of trousers (条)a ________________ of advice ( 条) a ________________ of coffee (杯)a ________________ of oil (滴) a ________________ of time (段)a ________________ of matches (盒) a ________________ of glasses (副)a ________________ of chocolate (条) a ________________ of ink (瓶)a ________________ of tea (壶) two ______________ of fish (盘)three ______________ of rice (袋) four ______________ of furniture (件)five _______________ of sugar (磅) six ________________ of clothes (套)3. 可数名词的复数构成练习: 写出下列名词的复数形式。
专题一 名词考点突破考点二 名词的数考点三 名词所有格考点一 名词词义辨析考点突破一、名词的分类名词即表示人或物名称的词,它分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。
具体情况见下表:类别意义例词专有名词表示人、地方、事物、机构、组织等名称的词Lucy,China,the Great Wall, the Great Hall of the People普通名词 个体名词表示个体的人或事物的词dictionary,pencil,chair,win-dow,table,book,bike,ball,dog集体名词表示一群人或一些事物的词family,police,class,group,team 物质名词表示构成各种物体的物质或材料的词rice,glass,water,porridge,pa-per,air,wool,wheat,steel抽象名词表示状态、品质、行为、感情等抽象概念的词knowledge,danger,health,love二、常考名词在中考中,对于名词的考查多集中在具体语言环境下名词词义的辨析上。
综合分析这几年的中考真题,总结出一些常考的名词。
具体如下:Aactivity活动 address地址 advertisement广告advantage优势 advice建议 attention注意athlete运动员Bbalance平衡 bottom底部 business商业,生意 Cchallenge挑战 chance机会 change变化collection收集物 contribution贡献 choice选择competition比赛;竞争 cause原因 custom风俗courage勇气Ddecision决定 design设计 difference不同discussion讨论 duty责任;义务 distance距离description描述 director导演;负责人direction说明;方向 Eeducation教育 effort努力 energy能量;精力experiment实验 expression表达 environment环境excuse借口 exhibition展览experience经验;经历explanation解释;说明Ffeeling感觉 fun乐趣Hhabit习惯 hobby业余爱好 honour荣誉I information信息 interest兴趣importance重要性 invention发明interview面试;访谈 influence影响(力) instruction说明;指示 invitation邀请M/Nmood心情 noise噪音Ooffer提议 opinion意见,看法opportunity机会 organization机构;组织Pprotection保护 praise表扬 patient病人progress进步 problem问题 promise承诺pride骄傲Rreason理由;原因 relation关系result结果report报告 res earch研究;调查Sservice服务 shape形状;外形 stranger陌生人sight视力;景象 style样式;款式 support支持success成功 suggestion建议 sense感觉T technology技术 tourist游客 tradition传统traffic车辆;交通 trouble困难Vvoice嗓音 volunteer志愿者 visitor游客value价值考点二 名词的数名词的数在英语中,普通名词按照其所表示的事物性质可分为可数名词与不可数名词。
初中英语语法练习题系列(附详细答案解析)---名词类型一、词义辨析【例1】–How can I get some ______ about the 2016 Olympic Games? --Why not search the Internet?A. informationB. experienceC. practiceD. success【答案】A【考点定位】考查名词词义辨析。
【点睛】该题型是属于英语考试的基础题型，是必考内容。
英语单词同汉语一样具有一词多义，一词多性的特点。
解答此类问题首先要理解每个选项的基本含义，并注意交叉含义间的区别，了解其特殊用法，然后结合语境选择正确答案。
【举一反三】1 . -Excuse me, what's the ______ of the apples?- It's 10 yuan a ki1o.A. priceB. sizeC. weight【答案】A【解析】试题分析：句意：――劳驾，苹果的价格是多少？――每千克10元。
A.price价格；B.size尺寸；C.weight 重量。
根据回答：It's 10 yuan a ki1o.（每千克10元钱）可以推测出本题是问的价格，故选A。
（需要注意的是英语和汉语的不同，汉语里问价格是多少，英语用what问价格是什么。
）【考点定位】考查名词辨析。
2. Jeff will come to understand you one day. It’s a matter of ____ .A. pleasureB. valueC. time【答案】C【解析】试题分析：句意：杰夫有一天会来了解你，只是一个时间问题。
A. pleasure高兴，快乐；B. value价值；C. time 时间。
a matter of…：……的问题。
根据句意，总有一天会来了解你，只是一个时间问题。
a matter of time：时间问题。
英语语法专题一 名词一、名词的分类：名词分为专有名词和普通名词。
1、专有名词：专有名词表示某一特定的人，国家，地方，机构，语言，月份，周，日，节日等专有名称。
如：China, Shanghai, Li lei 等。
专有名词的首字母通常要大写。
具体说来，它包括人名、地名、月份、星期、节日、书名、电影名以及某些抽象名词等。
如：Jim 、China 、July 、 Friday 、 Christmas 、WTOEg ： Do you think it is good for China to join the WTO ?你认为中国加入世贸组织利大于弊吗？2、普通名词：普通名词表示一类人、事物或抽象概念的名词。
它又可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。
可数名词又分为个体名词和集体名词；不可数名词分为物质名词和抽象名词。
:student factory :family army :air water rice :love work peace ⎧⎧⎪⎨⎩⎪⎪⎧⎨⎪⎪⎨⎪⎪⎪⎩⎩个体名词表示个别的人或事物的名词。
如：、等可数名词集体名词表示若干个体组成的集体。
如：、（军队）普通名词物质名词表示无法分为个体的实物。
如：、、等不可数名词抽象名词表示动作、状态、性质、感情等抽象概念的名词。
如：、、等名词的分类总结：3、名词在句子中的作用：（1）、作主语Eg：Tom has arrived. 汤姆到了。
The life is changing day by day. 生活一天天的变化着。
（2）、作宾语Eg: I saw Tom yesterday. 我昨天看见汤姆了。
I am interesting in maths.我对数学感兴趣。
（3）、作表语Eg：Tom is a taxi-driver..汤姆是位出租车司机。
Heavy triffic is the biggest problem in Beijing.交通拥挤是北京最大的难题。
英语语法系列复习专题一-----名词名词的分类专有名词：指某人，某地，某机构等专有的名称，其首字母要大写。
如HongKong,China,Bill Clinton,Red Cross个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如 student,book名普可数名词词通集体名词：表示若干个体组成的集合体，如：family,school,group, people 名词不可数名词物质名词：表示无法分为个体的实物，如：cotton,air,tea抽象名词：表示抽象概念，如:work，happiness,news 2．名词的复数可数名词有单、复数形式，其复数的构成规则如下：1）绝大多数在词尾加s。
如：book,books;bag,bags;cup,cups;face,faces.2）以ch,sh,s,x,o结尾的名词加es。
如：watch,watches;brush,brushes;hero,heroes;class,classes;下列以o结尾的词加s构成复数：piano , photo ,radio ,zoo, bamboo ,kilo 3）以辅音字母＋y结尾的名词，将y改为i，再加es。
例如：baby,babies;family,families;以元音字母＋y结尾的名词，直接加s。
例如：boy,boys;key,keys4）以f或fe结尾的名词，先将f或fe改为v，再加es构成复数形式，如：leaf,leaves;wife,wives.但有些以f结尾的名词，是在f后加s构成复数，常见的有：roof,chief,belief,gulf等。
个别的两种方式都可以，如：handkerchief,’s,handkerchieves 5）少数名词的复数形式是不规则的，要一一背记：man→men; woman→women; Englishman→Englishmen;foot→feet;tooth→teeth; child→children; mouse→mice少数名词的单、复数形式相同，如：Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,fish,means(注：fishes表不同种类的鱼)6）复合名词：A.含man或woman的复合名词，两部分都变为复数形式。
如：two men teachers,four women doctorsB.将复合名词中的主体名词变为复数形式，如：lookers-on旁观者，editors-in-chief总编辑, passers-by过路人C.如果没有主体名词，就在词尾后加s。
如：grown-ups 成年人，go-betweens 中间人7）以复数形式出现的名词：trousers,glasses眼镜，scales天平，savings储蓄，findings 调查结果，doings行为，surroundings环境，arms武器，fireworks烟火，remains残余，thanks感谢，riches财富，ashes灰烬，stairs 楼梯8）有些名词在一定的词组中要用复数形式。
例如：take pains下功夫,made preparations作准备，give regards to 问候2.名词的所有格1）名词的所有格一般用于有生命的名词。
其构成多在词尾加上“’s”,如：Tom’s bike, Marx’s works以s结尾的专有名词，在词尾后加“’”或“’s”。
如：Engels’/Engels’s works以s结尾的复数名词，只在词尾加“’”。
如：students’ homework,a workers’ nightschool 一所工人夜校，不以s结尾的复数名词，仍在词尾加“’s”。
如：men’s clothes男士衣服children’s books儿童读物2）如果一个事物为两个人共有，只在后一个名词的词尾加“’s”，如果不是共有，就要在两个名词的词尾分别加上“’s”。
例如：Tom and Mike’s room汤姆和迈克合住的房间T om’s and Mike’s rooms汤姆、迈克各自的房间3）表示店铺或某人的家时，常在名词所有格后省去shop,house等名词。
如：the tailor’s 裁缝店，the barber’s理发店，go to the doctor’s上诊所，at my uncle s在我叔叔家4）表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的名词，可以在词尾加“’s”或“’”来表示所有格。
如：today’s newspaper,half an hour’s rest,two weeks’ work,ten minutes′walk,China’spopulation,Shanghai’s industry5）表示无生命的名词一般用of短语表示所有关系。
如：the students of their school, the teachers of Grade 26）表示所属物的名词前如果有不定冠词、数词、不定代词，常用“of＋所有格”来表示所属关系。
例如：He is an old friend of my father’s.This is a picture of Mary’s.考点分析1．He gained his _______by printing _______of famous writersA.wealth; workB.wealths; worksC.weaths;workD.wealth ;works析：此题答案D。
因为wealth 是不可数名词故可排除B、C两个选项;work既可作不可数名词表“工作”意，又可作可数名词表“作品”意，常用复数形式。
根据题目意思，此处work 应作可数名词用，于是又可排除A。
2.Many people agree that_______ knowledge of English is a must in ______international trade today.A.a; ×B.the ; anC.the ;theD.×;the析：knowledge 是抽象名词，一般不与不定冠词连用，但指具体“一门学问”或“一门学问的掌握了解”可与不定冠词连用，这可称之为抽象名词具体化。
类例如：a strong character 坚强的性格；a bright future 光明前途；a waste of time 浪费时间；a pressure on sb.对某人的压力；have a good time玩得痛快；He is a failure /a success as a leader 他当领导不行/很出色。
抽象名词不与冠词连用是泛指一般概念、意义。
如：what fun! fine weather ;common knowledge 常识；Knowledge begins with practice.foreign trade.因此international trade前不用冠词。
由以上两点可确定答案为A。
3.Oh, John _____you gave us !A.How a great surpriseB.How pleasant surpriseC.What a pleasant surpriseD.What pleasant surprise 析：正确答案为C。
“a/an＋形容词＋抽象名词”是抽象名词具体化的常见形式。
又如：an advanced culture 一种先进文化；a great interest 极大的兴趣；do him a good kindness帮了他一个大忙。
4. She broke a _______ while she was washing up .A.glass wineB.wine glassC.wine’s glassD.glass of wine 析：根据broke一词及四个选项，可确定空白处应选“酒杯”故可排除A、D；C不是表达“酒杯”的正确形式，只有B才是正确答案。
英语中用名词作定语修饰名词的情况很多，这些作定语用的名词可表①分类意义②表时间、地点、称呼③表目的、手段、原料、来源、所属等意义。
①例：woman driver ,telephone number ,school education ,research work ,coffee cup ,Englishteacher ,air pollution②例：book store ,winter sleep ,country life ,college student ,South China③例：milk bottle ,steam boat ,goat skin ,stone wall ,gas station ,lunch room ,tooth brush5.________terrible weather we’ve been having these days!A.WhatB.What aC.HowD.How a析：这是一个感叹句，how修饰形容词，副词或动词，what修饰名词。
weather是不可数名词，其前不可加不定冠词a。
因此这题正确答案是A。
6.Shortly after the accident ,two _______police were sent to the spot to keep order .A.dozens ofB.dozensC.dozens’ ofD.dozen析：正确答案是D。
dozen, score ,hundred, thousand ,million等名词前面有数词或many ,several 等词，且表示具体数目时，这些名词一般不用复数形式，但在下列短语中却加S，并与of连用:dozens of (许多的)，scores of (好几十的)，hundreds of (成百的)，thousands of (上千的)，millions of （数百万的）7.I’ll look into the matter as soon as possible .Just have a little ______.A.waitB.timeC.patienceD.rest析：由题干第一句意“我会尽快调查那件事”，可知下句是要对方不要着急，故答案应为C。
这是由情景，语境确定答案题目。
8.If by any chance someone comes to see me ,ask them to leave a _________.A.messageB.letterC.sentenceD.notice析：答案为A。
