英语报刊阅读---标题句式
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《新闻标题大全2018摘抄【英语新闻的标题语言】》摘要:(Are) in Pact on Electronics. (《美日就电子设备达成协议》),(The )Bankers (Keep) Silent As ( the ) Dollar Falls. (《美元价跌,银行家保持沉默》),of Petroleum Exporting Countries(欧佩克或石油输出国组织), IPR: Intellectual Property Rights(知识产权),CEO: Chief Executive Officer(首席执行官),Sino-US Ties Crucial. (《基辛格说中美关系至关重要》), China Cooks: Masters at Turning a Turnip into a Flower. (《中国厨师能把一个萝卜变成一朵花》)已发展成为全球性国际通用语的英语,在过去的20多年里,一直是中国开放政策的重要媒介之一。
英语新闻(journalistic English)指英文报刊上常见的各类文章,体裁多样,有新闻报道、新闻特写、广告、公报、述评、访谈……题材广泛,内容包罗万象。
英文报刊是个巨大的信息源,世界上的政治风云变幻,商战硝烟,奇闻轶事;政治的,经济的,技术的,文化的,社会的新闻无所不包;报刊英文丰富多彩,具有很强的实用性。
阅读英文报刊是接触现代英语脉搏的一条捷径,不仅有助于扩大词汇,增强语感,领会词汇的内涵,而且是学习和掌握现代英语的最实用、最简洁、最有效的途径之一。
阅读英语报刊等于多了一双了解世界的慧眼,通过阅读英语报刊读者可以了解英美社会和世界的现状,了解当今世界在政治、经济、军事、科学、文化以及社会生活的各个方面的新事物和新动态。
本文从英语报刊中精选出许多生动的实例,就英语新闻的标题语言特点进行分析,希望对人们阅读英文报刊有所帮助,同时也为我国广大报纸编辑拓宽视野提供有益的参考。
一、简短小词(名词&动词)英语新闻标题总是力求用有限的字数来表达新闻的内容,为此,在措词上尤其要狠下功夫,选词尽可能经简达意、简短明了,偏爱选用那些短小精悍或字母最少的动词。
因为短小易懂、形象生动的措词不仅能增强新闻的简洁性和可读性,而且还能节省版面篇幅。
如表示“破坏”或“损坏”一词意义的动词,标题一般不用damage,而用一些较之简短的词,如hit、harm、hurt、ruin或wreck等。
又如表示“放弃”这一概念的动词,标题一般不用abandon,而用drop、give up、quit、skip或yield等,表示“爆炸”之类的动词意义时,一般不用explode,而用blast、crash、ram或smash等词。
简而言之,英语新闻标题大都喜欢选用字形短小、音节不多而意义又比较广泛的词。
动词:aid=assist(帮助,援助)alter=change or modify(改变)ask=inquire(询问)assail=denounce(谴责)axe=dismiss or reduce(解雇,减少)ban=prohibit or forbid(禁止)bar=prevent(防止,阻止)bare=expose or reveal(暴露,揭露)blast=explode(爆炸)begin=commence(开始)bid=attempt(努力)bilk=cheat(欺骗)bolt=desert or abandon(放弃)boost=increase, promote ,push forward(增加,提高)check=examine(检查)claim=cause the death of ...(夺去……的生命)clash=disagree strongly(发生分歧,争议)curb=control or restrict(控制)dip=decline or decrease(下降)ease=lessen(减轻,缓和)end=terminate(结束,中止)flay=criticize(批评)flout=insult(侮辱)foil=prevent from(阻止,防止)grill=investigate(调查)gut=destroy(摧毁)head=direct(率领)hold=arrest(逮捕)laud=praise(赞扬)lop=diminish(下降,减少)map=work out(制订,规划)mark=celebrate(庆祝)name=appoint or nominate(命名,提名)moot=discuss(讨论)mull=consider(考虑)nab=arrest(逮捕)nip=defeat(击败)nix=deny or disapprove(否决,拒绝)opt=choose(选择)oust=expel(驱逐)peril=endanger(危害,危及)pledge=determine(发誓)plot=conspire(预谋,密谋策划)plunge=plummet((价格等)暴跌)poise=ready for action(作好准备)probe=investigate(调查)raid=attack(进攻)rap=criticize(批评)rebuke=criticize(批评)rout=defeat completely(击溃,打垮)slay=murder(谋杀)soar=skyrocket(急剧上升)spur=encourage(激励,鞭策)swap=exchange(交流,交换)sway=influence(影响)trim=reduce(削减)vie=compete(竞争)vow=determine(决心,发誓)weigh=consider(考虑)woo=seek to win(争取,追求)标题除偏爱使用短小动词外,还常常选用简短、字母数少的名词或名词词组。
标题小动词aid= help; assistair= publicize; express . 宣传;公布;广告alter= changeask= inquireassail= denounce指责,谴责axe= dismiss, reduceback= supportbalk= impede妨碍,阻碍;阻止ban= prohibit; forbidbar= preventbare= expose, reveal, disclose blast= explode, criticizeblock= obstruct阻塞,堵塞begin= commercebid企图,努力= attemptbilk欺骗= cheatbolt= desert, abandonboost= increasebuy= purchasecheck= examinechide= rebuke指责,非难;训斥[(+for)]cite= mentionclaim= cause the death ofclash= disagree strongly发生冲突;不调和;抵触+with curb限制,抑制= control; restrictcut= reducedip轻微下降(通常是暂时的)= decline; decrease drive= campaign运动,活动draw= attractdue= scheduleease= lessen; alleviateend= terminateflay剥皮,诈取,严厉指责= criticizefoi阻止l= prevent fromflout藐视;嘲笑;嘲弄= insultgrip= seize抓住;捉住grill拷问,盘问(犯人等)= investigategut损毁(房屋等)的内部装置= destroyhead= direct指导,指挥Ink=signhold= arrestlop删削[(+off)] = diminishlaud称赞,赞美= praisemark= celebratemap= work outmoot假设案件讨论会= discussname= appoint; nominatenab突然抓住;逮捕= arrestmull深思熟虑= considernip= defeatnet= capture捕获;俘虏nix拒绝= deny; disapproveopt= chooseoust= expel驱逐,赶走peril= endanger危及;使遭到危险plot= conspire同谋,密谋pledge= determinepoise作好准备[(+for)] = ready for actionplunge下降,急降;(道路等)陡峭地下倾= plummet垂直落下,骤然跌落,暴跌probe= investigateraid= attackrebuke指责,非难;训斥[(+for)] = criticizerap责骂, 厉声说出= criticizerout溃败,溃退= defeat completelyrock= shock; surpriserule= judgeslay杀死,杀害= murdersoar= skyrocket流星烟火;冲天火箭,猛涨;突然高升snub冷落,怠慢= ignorespur鞭策,鼓励[(+on)] = encouragespark= cause; trigger触发,引起stem= prevent; checkstall使陷入泥潭;使动弹不得= stagnate淤塞;腐败sway支配;统治;影响;权势= influenceswap= exchangetrim削减,缩减;切除[(+off/away)] = reducethwart反对,阻挠;使受挫折;挫败= obstruct阻塞,堵塞vow= determinevie争;竞争[(+with/for)] = competeweigh= considerwed= marrywoo= seek to win标题小名词accord= agreementaide 1. 【美】助手2. 副官;侍从武官= assistant arms= weaponsblast= explosionbody= committee; commissionclash 1.冲突,撞击= dispute; controversycrash相撞(事故);(飞机的)坠毁,迫降= collision danger= precariousness 不安全,有危险deal= agreement; transactionenvoy= ambassador大使;使节fake= counterfeit伪造的;假冒的fete盛宴招待;款待= celebrationfear= apprehension恐惧,忧虑,担心,feud世代结仇;长期争斗;争吵[(+with)] = strong dispute flop (作品、演出等)失败= failurefoe敌人,仇敌= opponent; enemyfire= conflagration大火,大火灾gems= jewelskey= essential; vitalkid= childlink= connectionnod= approvalpact= treaty; contract; agreementpoll= election; public opinion pollprobe刺探;彻底调查= investigationpullout= withdrawalrally= mass assembly大集会rise= increasestrife冲突,争斗,倾轧= conflictties= (diplomatic) relationstalk= negotiation组织机构简称NPC= the National People’s Congress全国人民代表大会PLO= the Palestine Liberation Organization巴勒斯坦解放组织EU= the European UnionUNESCO= the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization联合国教育、科学及文化组织CPPCC= the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference中国人民政治协商会议IMF= the International Monetary FundASEAN= the Association of Southeast Asian NationsOPEC= the Organization of Petroleum Exporting CountriesIOC= the International Olympic CommitteeWTO= the World Trade Organization常见事物简称AIDS= Acquired Immure Deficiency SyndromeUFO= Unidentified Flying ObjectDJI= Dow-Jones Index道琼斯股票价格指数IT= information technologyPC= personal computerABM= anti-ballistic missile反弹道导弹NMD= National Missile Defense国家导弹防御系统PR= public relationsSALT= Strategic Arms Limitation Talks战略武器限制谈判SARS= severe acute respiratory syndromeVCD= video compact discDVD= digital video disc职业/职务简称MP= member of parliamentPM= Prime MinisterCEO= chief executive officerDM= defense ministerVIP= very important personTP= traffic policemanPA= personal assistant节缩词ad= advertisementauto= automobilebach= bachelorbiz= businessceleb= celebritychamp= championdeli= delicatessen熟食店divi= dividenddisco= discotheque小舞厅;迪斯科舞厅doc= doctordorm= dormitoryexam= examinationexpo= expositionfrat= fraternity同行朋友;会友gas= gasolinegym= gymnasiumhomo= homosexualinfo= informationJaps= Japaneselab= laboratorylav= lavatory厕所lib= liberationmag= magazinememo= memorandum备忘录,记录;联络便条mod= modernpic= picturespix= pictures (film)porn= pornography色情书刊;色情图片;色情电影pro= professionalrail= railwayrep= representativeRuss= Russiasec= secretarysub= subway; submarinevan= veteran老兵;老手;富有经验的人[vet= veteranuni= universitycello= violoncello大提琴chute= parachute降落伞copter= helicopterdozer= bulldozer推土机;铲泥车quake= earthquakewig= periwig假发flu= influenzafridge/frige= refrigeratortec= detectivevic= convictc’tee= committeeC’wealth= Commonwealth .英联邦com’l= commercialcric= criticheliport= helicopter airport infoport= information airport maglev train= maglev levitation train motel= motor hotelnat= nationalist民族主义者;国家主义者telly= televisionAussie= Australianbookie= bookmakerhanky= handkerchief . 手帕pram= perambulator步行者;漫游。
英语阅读理解新闻标题类解题技巧English: When tackling English reading comprehension questions related to news headlines, it’s important to first carefully read the title of the news article to understand the main topic and key information. This can help you predict what the article might be about, which can guide your understanding of the content. Additionally, pay attention to any keywords or phrases in the headline that may indicate the tone or perspective of the article, such as “breaking news,” “controversial,” or “exclusive interview.” These words can give you clues as to the focus and angle of the news story. It’s also important to keep in mind that sometimes news headlines can be sensationalized or biased, so it’s crucial to approach the article with a critical mindset and cross-reference information with other sources if possible.中文翻译: 在阅读解题与新闻标题相关的英语阅读理解题目时,首先要仔细阅读新闻文章的标题,以了解主题和关键信息。
高中生如何进行英文报刊阅读在阅读中我们可以通过读标题来决定是否要读该内容,然而英语报刊的标题往往比较简明,有时一下难以读懂,这就需要我们了解标题的特点。
那么英语报刊杂志的标题又有哪些特点呢?1. 标题常用一般现在时虽然报刊的内容往往发生在过去,但为了使读者有新鲜、生动和真实的感受,而标题常采用一般现在时。
如:“Mrs Chiang dies”(宋美玲去逝);“Floods hit Indonesia”(洪水袭击印度尼西亚) 2. 标题往往省略be动词凡是表示现在进行时态的场合,为了语言简洁,标题往往省略be动词而用行为动词的现在分词形式表示标题。
如:“Working for a better future”= APEC is working for a better future.(亚太经合组织为更美好的将来而努力。
)3. 标题常用带to 的不定式英文报刊的标题常用带to的不定式形式表示将来时态。
如:“F1 to race plane”= F1 is going to race a plane.(一级方程式赛车将与飞机比赛。
)4. 标题常用过去分词表示被动语态在标题中往往省略被动语态中的助动词be,只用过去分词表示被动语态。
如:“Caught in the Web?”= Are you caught in the web?(你沉迷网络吗?)5. 标题通常省略某些词,尤其是冠词和系动词英语报刊的标题力求简洁,而省略是简洁的有效手段。
在不影响表达的情况下,英语报刊标题常省略以下四类词:①省略冠词。
如:“Fish saved by kiss”=Afish was savedbya kiss.(一尾鱼被一个吻救活了。
) ②省略某些动词或系动词。
如:“California on fire”=California was on fire.(加利福尼亚起火了。
)③省略一些连词、代词或引导词。
如:“Give a helping hand”=Let's give a helping hand to those who are needing help.(让我们给需要帮助的人伸出援助之手。
标题句式
英语报刊标题语言高度凝练,经常采用省略手段。
新闻标题常常省略以下成分:
1、冠词
Eg1. Tax reform for innovation
(A tax reform for innovation)
Source: China Daily April 18, 2014, page8
Eg2. U.S. steps up trade pressure on Japan ahead of Obama visit
(The U.S. steps up trade pressure on Japan ahead of Obama visit)
2、人称代词
Eg1. Avril Lavigne releases 'Hello Kitty' video (Avril Lavigne releases her 'Hello Kitty' video)
Eg2.Kevin Federline welcomes sixth child (Kevin Federline welcomes his sixth child)
3、连系动词
Eg1. Political Mischief maker to be charged (Political Mischief maker are to be charged)
Eg2. Irfan under pressure
(Irfan is under pressure)
4、被动语态或进行时的助动词
Eg1. Kidnapped French journalists found on Turkey's Syrian border
(Kidnapped French journalists were found on Turkey's Syrian border)
Eg2.One fifth of China's soil contaminated
(One fifth of China's soil is contaminated)
Eg3. White House updating online privacy policy (White House is updating online privacy policy)
Eg4.Banks ceasing Bitcoin services
(Banks are ceasing Bitcoin services)
Source: Global Times April16, 2014, B2
标题除采用省略手段精炼句式,还运用以下手段:1、使用名词定语,省去前置词
Eg1. India's top court lifts iron ore mining ban in Goa (India's top court has lifted a ban on iron ore mining in Goa)
Eg2. Jury ponders ex-pitcher's police brutality suit (Jury ponders ex-pitcher's the brutality of police suit) Eg3. Housing rebound in U.S. loses steam as prices rise
(Housing rebound in U.S. loses steam as a rise in the Price)
2、使用标点符号替代词
(1)运用逗号替代连接词“and”
Eg1. Exchanges, brokerages hit with high-speed trading class action
(Exchanges and brokerages were hit with
high-speed trading class action)
Eg2.Five small, strange restaurants
(Five small and strange restaurants)
(2)使用冒号代替说意动词
(3)使用冒号代替连系动词,甚至其他动词
(Infographic illustrates Quick guide to HK Film Awards)
Eg2. Survey: GM brand hit more by recall than Chevrolet
(Survey shows GM brand hit more by recall than Chevrolet)。