[英美报刊]_英文新闻标题
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英语新闻标题总是力求用有限的字数来表达新闻的内容,为此,在措词上尤其要狠下功夫,选词尽可能经济达意、简短明了,偏爱选用那些短小精悍或字母最少的动词。
这是因为短小易懂、形象生动的措词不仅能增强新闻的简洁性和可读性,而且还能节省版面篇幅。
如表示“破坏”或“损坏”一词意义的动词,标题一般不用damage,而用一些较之简短的词,如hit,harm,hurt, ruin或wreck等。
又如表示“放弃”这一概念的动词,标题一般不用abandon,而用drop,give up,quit,skip或yield 等,表示“爆炸”之类的动词意义时,一般不用explode,而用blast,crash,ram或smash等词。
简而言之,英语新闻标题大都喜欢选用字形短小、音节不多而意义又比较广泛的词。
这类动词在标题中屡见不鲜,读者平时阅读时不妨多加留意,这对于提高英语水平,尤其是熟悉英语同义动词,无疑是大有稗益的。
为便于读者更好地理解英语新闻标题,现再列举一些常见诸报端的标题小词,以备不时之需:aid=assist(帮助,援助)alter=change or modify(改变)ask=inquire(询问)assail=denounce(谴责)axe=dismiss\reduce(解雇,减少)balk=impede(阻碍)ban=prohibit or forbid(禁止)bar=prevent(防止,阻止)bare=expose or reveal(暴露,揭露)blast=explode(爆炸)begin=commence(开始)bid=attempt(努力)bilk=cheat(欺骗)bolt=desert or abandon(放弃)boost=increase(增加,提高)check=examine(检查)claim=ause the death of…(夺去……的生命)clash=disagree strong1y(发生分歧,争议)curb=control or restrict(控制)dip=decline or decrease(下降)ease=lessen(减轻,缓和)end=terminate(结束,中止)flay=criticize(批评)flout=insult(侮辱)foil=prevent from(阻止,防止)grill = investigate(调查)gut=destroy(摧毁)head=direct(率领)hold=arrest(逮捕)laud=praise(赞扬)lop=diminish(下降,减少)map=work out(制订)mark=celebrate(庆祝)name=appoint\nominate(命名,提名)moot=discuss(讨论)mull=consider(考虑)nab=arrest(逮捕)nip=defeat(击败)nix=deny\disapprove(否决,拒绝)opt=choose(选择)oust=expel(驱逐)peril=endanger(危害,危及)pledge=determine(发誓)plot=conspire(预谋,密谋策划)plunge=plummet(价格等)暴跌poise=ready for action(作好准备)probe=investigate(调查)raid =attack(进攻)rap =criticize(批评)rebuke=criticize(批评)rout=defeat completely(击溃,打垮)slay=murder(谋杀)soar=skyrocket(急剧上升)spur=encourage(激励,鞭策)swap=exchange(交流,交换)sway=influence(影响)trim=reduce(削减)vie=compete(竞争)vow=determine(决心,发誓)weigh=consider(考虑)woo=seek to win(争取,追求)标题除偏爱使用短小动词外,还常常选用简短、字母数少的名词或名词词组。
双语新闻版块
在双语新闻版块中,您可以看到中英文对照的新闻报道,帮助您更好地理解新闻内容,同时提高您的英语阅读能力。
以下是部分双语新闻标题:
1.“We will always be friends”: Biden and Trump finally part ways
“我们永远是朋友”:拜登和特朗普最终分道扬镳
2.The COVID-19 pandemic has killed more than 2 million people worldwide
新冠肺炎疫情已造成全球200多万人死亡
3.China's first homegrown passenger jet, the C919, takes its maiden flight
中国首款国产客机C919首飞成功
introduces strict new measures to curb spread of new coronavirus
variant
英国推出严格新措施遏制新冠病毒变异株传播
Capitol riots: What we know about the pro-Trump mob that stormed
Congress
美国国会大厦暴乱:关于冲击国会的特朗普支持者群体我们知道的情况。
英语新闻标题的特点探析——以教材《美英报刊文章选读上册(第五版)》中的新闻标题为例摘要:标题是一则新闻的“眼睛”,也是新闻内容的精髓所在。
好的新闻标题不仅能起到传播信息的作用,还能瞬间吸引读者的注意,让读者产生阅读新闻的兴趣,从而决定了新闻的阅读量。
本文将从用词、时态、修辞三方面来探讨英语新闻标题的特点,并结合英语专业大三英语外报阅读课程的教材《美英报刊文章选读上册(第五版)》中的新闻标题进行详细的论述。
关键词:英语新闻标题;用词特征;时态特征;修辞特征标题是新闻的“眼睛”,也是报刊的“眼睛”。
因而它应该是生动、炯炯有神的,这样新闻就会为之生色,引人入胜;反之,就会使读者索然无味。
它是新闻内容的高度概括,只需三言两语或寥寥数字,就点出了文章的主题或新闻中最具价值的那部分内容,具有画龙点睛的作用,因此针对新闻标题的特点研究就显得尤为重要。
为了保证研究的可信度和准确度,该研究所有新闻标题示例均选自北京大学出版社出版,周学艺主编的英语外报阅读课程的教材《美英报刊文章选读上册(第五版)》。
该教材是迄今在全国所有英语报刊文选课本中唯一曾经教育部高校外语专业教材编审委员会英语编审小组批准的正式教材,为全国许多高校所采用,所节选的课文全部来自英国、美国主流报纸、期刊上的文章,如The Washington Post, Newsweek, USA Today, The Wall Street Journal等等,新闻标题颇具代表性。
1.用词特征新闻语言的特色是语句简洁,力求精炼,用最少的字写出最多的内容,创新字,以新耳目。
如:Lesson 2: A Race We Can All Win; Lesson 3: An American in Beijing; Lesson 4: Tiger Mom...Meet Panda Dad; Lesson 5: Home at Last; Lesson 19: Mrs. Windsor, Anyone? Lesson 20: Stealing a Nation. 这六个标题中,其中三个只有三个词,另外三个为四到六个词,但都分别言简意赅地道出了主题:第2课讨论的是中国发展,美中双赢的竞赛;第3课讨论的是中国经济迅猛发展,留学生蜂拥而至;第4课讨论的是熊猫爸爸挑战虎妈育儿经;第5课讨论的是海外学子回国创业;第19课讨论的是英国君主制的费留之争;第20课讨论的是英美狼狈为奸,霸占他国,撵走百姓。
英美报刊选读News agencyAP-associated press 美联社UP-united press international (美)合众国际社Reuters-Reuter’s News Agency (英)路透社PA-press association (英)报纸联合社DPA-Deutsche Presse Agentur 德新社AFD-Agence France Presse法新社ANSA-Agenzia Nazionale Stampa Associata 意大利安莎通讯社What is news?News is the reporting of anything timely, which has importance, use, or interest to a considerable number of persons in a publication audience.News is any event, idea or opinion that is timely, that interests or affects a large number of people in a community and that is capable of being understood by them. What are news values?1. Timeless and freshness2. Importance, consequences, impact or significance.3. Prominence4. Neamess, proximity or locality5. Unusualness, bizarreness, oddity or novelty6. InterestWhat is journalese?Journalese: style of writing 新闻之风English of a style featured by use of colloquialisms, superficially of thought or reasoning, clever or sensational presentation of material, and evidences of haste in composition,considered characteristic of newspaper writing‖W ebster’s W ednesday‖.What is journalism?1.What is journalistic English?新闻英语Journalistic English aims at the study of English, newspapers, periodicals, radio, television and other media of communication.2.What is journalismJournalism is the collection and periodical publishing of news. It includes writing for, editing and managing such media as the newspaper and the periodical.Types of journalism1.news消息Pure hard news ( brief 栏)题材严肃,时新性Soft news 人情味浓,写法轻松活泼2.feature 特写再现新闻事件,人物和场量Suspended interest of form3.editorial &commentary社论和评论代表低级或杂志编辑部发表的权威性评论,有时很难懂OP-ED (the New Y ork Times)Opinion page (Newsweek)Today and tomorrow (New Y ork herald tribune)AdvertisementNewspaper format1. Broadsheet 大报(严肃的,高质量的,报道真相)A1 paper2.tabloid 小报(普通的,贫民的,引起轰动的,提供娱乐的)A2 paper有些小报也是严肃的大报,比如:The Christian Science MonitorThe GuardianEmergence of newspaper sections1.news2.features3.sports4.business5.editorial/ OP-ED6.classifieds7.science and technology8.life9.health10.entertainmentThe front pageFl ag/nameplate/masthead 报头Feasers 报耳hold 全文报道rail 预告栏gutter 中缝Byline 署名jumpline 跳页指示Dateline 电头Dateline ROM.nov.8 Moscow.oct.10 (AP) Associated press完整的新闻组成(倒金字塔)HeadlineThe leadBody消息主体:倒金字塔式The inverted pyramid form1. Intro containing most important or most interesting information (more facts)2. Supporting information or background3. Quotes or more facts of lesser importance4. Minor detail5. Least significant informationLead 导语一般是消息的第一个自然段,有时也有两个自然段,是消息的概括。
英文报刊常用术语accredited journalist n. 特派记者advertisement n.广告.advance n.预发消息;预写消息affair n.桃色新闻;绯闻anecdote n.趣闻轶事assignment n.采写任务attribution n. 消息出处,消息来源back alley news n. 小道消息backgrounding n.新闻背景Bad news travels quickly. 坏事传千里。
banner n.通栏标题beat n.采写范围blank vt. "开天窗"body n. 新闻正文boil vt.压缩(篇幅)box n. 花边新闻brief n. 简讯bulletin n.新闻简报byline n. 署名文章caption n.图片说明caricature n.漫画carry vt.刊登cartoon n.漫画censor vt. 审查(新闻稿件),新闻审查chart n.每周流行音乐排行版clipping n.剪报column n.专栏;栏目columnist n.专栏作家continued story 连载故事;连载小说contributing editor 特约编辑contribution n.(投给报刊的)稿件;投稿contributor n.投稿人copy desk n.新闻编辑部copy editor n.文字编辑correction n.更正(启事) correspondence column读者来信专栏correspondent n.驻外记者;常驻外埠记者cover vt.采访;采写cover girl n. 封面女郎covert coverage 隐性采访;秘密采访crop vt.剪辑(图片)crusade n.宣传攻势cut n.插图vt.删减(字数)cut line n.插图说明daily n.日报dateline n.新闻电头deadline n.截稿时间dig vt.深入采访;追踪(新闻线索);“挖”(新闻)digest n.文摘editorial n.社论editorial office 编辑部editor's notes 编者按exclusive n.独家新闻expose n.揭丑新闻;新闻曝光extra n.号外eye-account n.目击记;记者见闻faxed photo 传真照片feature n.特写;专稿feedback n.信息反馈file n.发送消息;发稿filler n.补白First Amendment (美国宪法)第一修正案(内容有关新闻、出版自由等)five "W's" of news 新闻五要素flag n.报名;报头folo (=follow-up) n.连续报道Fourth Estate 第四等级(新闻界的别称)freedom of the Press 新闻自由free-lancer n.自由撰稿人full position 醒目位置Good news comes on crutches. 好事不出门。