新东方付莉莉：2017年12月四级翻译和听力真题解析(新东方版)

2017年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案（第一套）Part I Writing （25 minutes）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short easy on how to besthandle the relationship between doctors and patients. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension （25 minutes）C) They are only about half an inch thick.D) They are made from cheap materials.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) Endless fighting in the region. C) Inadequate funding for research.B) The hazards from the desert. D) The lack of clues about the species.6. A) To observe the wildlife in the two national parks.B) To identify the reasons for the lions’ disappearance.C) To study the habitat of lions in Sudan and Ethiopia.D) To find evidence of the existence of the “lost lions”.7. A) Lions walking. C) Some camping facilities.B) Lions’ tracks. D) Traps set by local hunters.Section BDirections：In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Then mark theC) They know when to adopt a tough attitude.D) They take the rival’s attitude into account.13. A) They know how to adapt. C) They know when to make compromises.B) They know when to stop. D) They know how to control their emotion.14. A) They are patient. C) They learn quickly.B) They are good at expression. D) They uphold their principles.15. A) Make clear one's intentions. C) Formulate one's strategy.B) Clarify items of negotiation. D) Get to know the other side.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you willhear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken onlyonce. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), D). Then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 1 with a single line through the centre.B) They enjoyed living a living a life of ease. D) They were known to be creative.21. A) Chatting with her ancestors. C) Polishing all the silver work.B) Furnishing her country house. D) Doing needlework by the fire.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) Use a map to identify your location. C) Sit down and try to calm yourself.B) Call your family or friends for help. D) Try to follow your footprints back.23. A) You may find a way out without your knowing it.B) You may expose yourself to unexpected dangers.C) You may get drowned in a sudden flood.D) You may end up entering a wonderland.24. A) Look for food. C) Start a fire.B) Wait patiently. D) Walk uphill.25. A) Inform somebody of your plan. C) Check the local weather.B) Prepare enough food and drink. D) Find a map and a compass.Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes )Section Arats the ability to detect __33 smells. As a result, some rats are being put to work to detect TB（肺结核）. When the rats detect the smell, they stop and rub their legs to 34 a sample is infected.Traditionally, a hundred samples would take lab technicians more than two days to 35 , but for a rat it takes less than 20 minutes. This rat detection method doesn't rely on specialist equipment. It is also more accurate — the rats are able to find more TB infections and, therefore, save more lives.A) associated I) slightB) examine J) specifyC) indicate K) superiorD) nuisance L) suspiciousE) peak M) tipF) preventing N) treatedG) prohibiting O) visualH) sensitiveSection Bthe morning it was due. To say I had lost the thread is putting it mildly.[C] As I was suffering through my week of anxiety, overthinking the material and guessing my grasp of it, I did some of my own polling among students and professors. David Eisenbach, who teaches a popular class on U.S. presidents at Columbia, prefers the in-class variety. He believes students ultimately learn more and encourages them to form study groups. “That way they socialize over history outside the class, which wouldn’t happen without the pressure of an in-class exam,” he explained,“Furthermore, in-class exams force students to learn how to perform under pressure, and essential work skill.”[D] He also says there is less chance of cheating with the in-class variety. In 2012, 125 students at Harvard were caught up in a scandal when it was discovered they had cheated on a take-home exam for a class entitled “Introduction To Congress.”Some colleges have what they call an “honor code,” though if you are smart enough to get into these schools, you are either smart enough to get around any codes or hopefully, too ethical to consider doing so. As I sat blocked and clueless for two solidknow how to find out,” says Koch. “There is way too much information, and more coming all the time, for anyone to remember. I want my students to search out the answers to questions by using all the resources available to them.[G] Students’ test-form preferences vary, too, often depending on the subject and course difficulty. “I prefer take-home essays because it is then really about the writing, so you have time to edit and do more research,” says Elizabeth Dresser, a junior at Barnard. Then there is the stress factor. Francesca Haass, a senior at Middlebury, says, “I find the in-class ones are more stressful in the short term, butthere is immediate relief as you swallow information like mad, and then you get to forget it all. Take-homes require thoughtful engagement which can lead to longer term stress as there is never a moment when the time is up.” Meanwhile, Olivia Rubin, a sophomore at Emory, says she hardly even considers take-homes true exams. “If you understand the material and have the ability to articulate (说出) your thoughts, they should be a breeze.”[H] How students ultimately handle stress may depend on their personaltest-taking abilities. There are people who always wait until the last minute, andhe responded.It seems to me that a compromise would be receiving the exam questions a day or two inadvance, and then doing the actual test in class the ticking clock overhead.[K] Better yet, how about what one Hunter College professor reportedly did recently for her finalexam: She encouraged the class not to stress or even study, promising that, “It is going to be apiece of cake.” When the students came in, sharpened pencils in hand, there was not a bluebook in sight. Rather, they saw a large chocolate cake and they each were givena slice.36. Elderly students find it hard to keep up with the rapid changes in education.37. Some believe take-home exams may affect students' performance in other courses.38. Certain professors believe in-class exams are ultimately more helpful toPassage OneQuestions 46 and 50 are based on the following passage.That people often experience trouble sleeping in a different bed in unfamiliar surroundings is a phenomenon known as the “first-night” effect. If a person stays in the same room the following night they tend to sleep more soundly. Yuka Sasaki and her colleagues at Brown University set out to investigate the origins of this effect.Dr. Sasaki knew the first-night effect probably has something to do with how humans evolved. The puzzle was what benefit would be gained from it whenperformance might be affected the following day. She also knew from previous work conducted on birds and dolphins that these animals put half of their brains to sleep at a time so that they can rest while remaining alert enough to avoid predators (捕食者). This led her to wonder if people might be doing the same thing. To take a closer look, her team studied 35 healthy people as they slept in the unfamiliar environment of the university’s Department of Psychological Sciences. The participants each slept in the department for two nights and were carefully monitored with techniques thatA) She found birds and dolphins remain alert while asleep.B) She found birds and dolphins sleep in much the same way.C) She got some idea from previous studies on birds and dolphinsD) She conducted studies on birds’ and dolphins’ sleeping patterns.48. What did Dr. Sasaki do when she first did her experiment?A) She monitored the brain activity of participants sleeping in a new environment.B) She recruited 35 participants from her Department of Psychological Sciences.C) She studied the differences between the two sides of participants’ brains.D) She tested her findings about birds and dolphins on human subjects.49. What did Dr. Sasaki do when re-running her experiment?A) She analyzed the negative effect of irregular tones on brains.B) She recorded participants’ adaptation to changed environment.C) She exposed her participants to two different stimuli.D) She compared the responses of different participants.50. What did Dr. Sasaki find about the participants in her experiment?Women struggle to say “no” in the workplace for similar reasons, including the desire to be liked by their colleagues. Unfortunately, this inability to say "no" may be hurting women's heath as well as their career.At the workplace, men use conflict as a way to position themselves, while women often avoid conflict or strive to be the peacemaker, because they don't want to be viewed as aggressive or disruptive at work. For example, there’s a problem that needs to be addressed immediately, resulting in a dispute over should be the one to fix it. Men are more likely to face that dispute from the perspective of what benefitsthem most, whereas women may approach the same dispute from the perspective of what's the easiest and quickest way to resolve the problem-evenif that means doing the boring work themselves.This difference in handling conflict could be the deciding factor on who gets promoted to a leadership position and who does not. Leaders have to be able to delegate and manage resources wisely – including staff expertise. Shouldering more of the workload may not earn you that promotion. Instead, it may highlight your inability to delegate effectively.A) women tend to be easily satisfiedB) men are generally more persuasiveC) men tend to put their personal interests firstD) women are much more ready to compromise55. What is important to a good leader?A) A dominant personality. C) The courage to admit failureB) The ability to delegate. D) A strong sense of responsibility.Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese intoEnglish. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.华山位于华阴市，据西安120公里。

2017年12月大学英语四级真题试卷（二）作文1. Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on how to best handle the relationship between teachers and students. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Teacher-student Relationship Is Never ComplexThe relationship between teachers and students has been hotly discussed in recent years in China for more and more attention has been paid to education. Today I would like to share some tips on how to get along well with teachers from students’ perspective.First and foremost, leave a good first impression on your teacher. As the saying goes, well begun is half done. A good first impression is important for teachers to remember your name among your fellow students. Secondly, study hard and be active in class. A student who loves study can definitely impress teachers deeply. Finally, keep contact with your teacher after class so that you could make friends with each other.To conclude, teacher-student relationship is never complex if you could have an excellent academic performance, be cooperative in class or make friends with your teacher.解析：短篇新闻2.(D)A. It was spotted by animal protection officials.B. It tries to look into the distance.C. It wants to catch people’s attention.D. Its picture won a photography prize.解析：新闻中提到，根据专家的说法，Pedals明显有一条腿或者爪子受伤，这导致它无法舒服地四肢着地行走，因此答案为D)。

2017-年-12-月大学英语四级考试真题详细解析第三套2017 年12 月大学英语四级考试真题(第三套）Part I Writing (25 minutes) Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on how to best handle the relationship between parents and children. You should write at least 120 words but no morethan 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)说明：由于2017 年12 月四级考试全国共考了 2 套听力，本套真题听力与前 2 套内容完全一样，只是顺序不一样，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one wordfor each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line throughthe centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.We all know there exists a great void (空白)in the public educational system when it comes to 26 to STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) courses. One educator named Dori Roberts decided to do something to change this system. Dori taught high school engineering for 11 years. She noticed there was a real void in quality STEM education at all 27 of the public educational system. She said, “I started Engineering For Kids (EFK) after noticing a real lack of math, science and engineering programs to 28 my own kids in.”She decided to start an afterschool program where children 29 in STEM-based competitions. The club grew quickly and when it reached 180 members and the kids in the program won several state 30 , she decided to devote all her time to cultivating and 31 it. The global business EFK was born.Dori began operating EFK out of her Virginia home, which she then expanded to 32recreation632017 年12 月大学英语四级考试真题(第三套）centers. Today, the EFK program 33 over 144 branches in 32 states within the United States and in 21 countries. Sales have doubled from $5 million in 2014 to $10 million in 2015, with 25 new branches planned for 2016. The EFK website states, “Our nation is not 34 enough engineers. Our philosophy is to inspire kids at a young age to understand that engineering is a great 35.”A) attractedB) careerchampionships D) degrees E) developingF) enrollexposureH) feasibleI) feedingJ) graduatinginterestL) levelsM) localN) operatesparticipatedSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraphis marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 2.Why aren’t you curious about what happened?A) “You suspended Ray Rice after our video, a reporter from TMZ challenged National Football League Commissioner Roger Goodell the other day. “Why didn’t you have the curiosity to go to the casino (赌场)yourself?” The implication of the question is that a more curious commissioner would have found a way to get the tape.B) The accusation of incuriosity is one that we hear often, carrying the suggestion that there is something wrong with not wanting to search out the truth. I have been bothered for a long time about the curious lack of curiosity said a Democratic member of the New Jersey legislature backin July, referring to an insufficiently inquiring attitude on the part of an assistant to New Jersey Governor Chris Christie who chose not to ask hard questions about the George Washington Bridge traffic scandal. “Isn’t the mainstream media the least bit curious about what happened?” wrote conservative writer Jennifer Rubin earlier this year, referring to the attack on Americans in Benghazi, Libya.C) The implication, in each case, is that curiosity is a good thing, and a lack of curiosity is a2017 年12 月大学英语四级考试真题(第三套）problem. Are such accusations simply efforts to score political points for one’s party? Or is there something of particular value about curiosity in and of itself?D) The journalist Ian Leslie, in his new and enjoyable book Curious：The Desire to Know and Why Your Future Depends on It, insists that the answer to that last question is ‘Yes’. Leslie argues that curiosity is a much-overlooked human virtue, crucial to our success，and that we are losing it.E) We are suffering，he writes，from a “serendipity deficit.” The word “serendipity” was coined by Horace Walpole in an 1854 letter, from a tale of three princes who “were always making discoveries, by accident, of things they were not in search of.” Leslie worries that the rise of the Internet, among other social and technological changes, has reduced our appetite for aimless adventures. No longer have we the inclination to let ourselves wander through fields of knowledge, ready to be surprised. Instead, we seek only the information we want.F) Why is this a problem? Because without curiosity we will lose the spirit of innovation and entrepreneurship. We will see unimaginative governments and dying corporations make disastrous decisions. We will lose a vital part of what has made humanity as a whole so successful as a species.G) Leslie presents considerable evidence for the proposition that the society as a whole isgrowing less curious. In the U.S. and Europe, for example, the rise of the Internet has led to a declining consumption of news from outside the reader’s borders. But not everything is to be blamed on technology. The decline in interest in literary fiction is also one of the causes identified by Leslie. Reading literary fiction, he says, makes us more curious.H) Moreover, in order to be curious, “you have to be aware of a gap in your knowledge in thefirst place.” Although Leslie perhaps paints a bit broadly in contending that most of us are unaware of how much we don’t know, he’s surely right to point out that the problem is growing: “Google can give us the powerful illusion that all questions have definite answers.”I) Indeed, Google，for which Leslie expresses admiration, is also his frequent whipping boy (替罪羊）. He quotes Google co-founder Larry Page to the effect that the “ perfect search engine” will “understand exactly what I mean and give me back exactly what I want.” Elsewhere in the book, Leslie writes: “Google aims to save you from the thirst of curiosity altogether.”J) Somewhat nostalgically(怀旧地），he quotes John Maynard Keynes’s justly famous words of praise to the bookstore："One should enter it vaguely, almost in a dream, and allow what is there2017 年12 月大学英语四级考试真题(第三套）40. There are often accusations about politicians’ and the media’s lack of curiosity to find out the truth.41. The less curious a child is, the less knowledge the child may turn out to have.42. It is widely accepted that academic accomplishment lies in both intelligence and diligence.43. Visiting a bookshop as curiosity leads us can be a good way to entertain ourselves.44. Both the rise of the Internet and reduced appetite for literary fiction contribute to people’sdeclining curiosity.45. Mankind wouldn’t be so innovative without curiosity.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with asingle line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Aging happens to all of us, and is generally thought of as a natural part of life. It would seem silly to call such a thing a “disease.”On the other hand, scientists are increasingly learning that aging and biological age are two different things, and that the former is a key risk factor for conditions such as heart disease, cancer and many more. In that light, aging itself might be seen as something treatable, the way you would treat high blood pressure or a vitamin deficiency.Biophysicist Alex Zhavoronkov believes that aging should be considered a disease. He said that describing aging as a disease creates incentives to develop treatments.“It unties the hands of the pharmaceutical (制药的)industry so that they can begin treating the disease and not just the side effects,” he said.“Right now, people think of aging as natural and something you can’t control，” he said. “In academic circles, people take aging research as just an interest area where they can try to develop interventions. The medical community also takes aging for granted, and can do nothing about it except keep people within a certain health range. ”But if aging were recognized as a disease, he said, “It would attract funding and change the2017 年12 月大学英语四级考试真题(第三套）way we do health care. What matters is understanding that aging is curable.”“It was always known that the body accumulates damag e，” he added. “The only way to cure aging is to find ways to repair that damage. I think of it as preventive medicine for age-related conditions.”Leonard Hayflick, a professor at the University of California，San Francisco，said the idea that aging can be cured implies the human lifespan can be increased, which some researchers suggest is possible. Hayflick is not among them.“There’re many people who recover from cancer, stroke，or heart disease. But they continue to age，because aging is separate from their disease,” Hayflick said. “Even if those causes of death were eliminated, life expectancy would still not go much beyond 92 years.”46. What do people generally believe about aging?A) It should cause no alarm whatsoever.B) They just cannot do anything about it.C) It should be regarded as a kind of disease.D) They can delay it with advances in science.47. How do many scientists view aging now?A) It might be prevented and treated. C) It results from a vitamin deficiency.B) It can be as risky as heart disease. D) It is an irreversible biological process.48. What does Alex Zhavoronkov think of “describing aging as a disease”?A) It will prompt people to take aging more seriously.B) It will greatly help reduce the side effects of aging.C) It will free pharmacists from the conventional beliefs about aging.D) It will motivate doctors and pharmacists to find ways to treat aging.49. What do we learn about the medical community?A) They now have a strong interest in research on aging.B) They differ from the academic circles in their view on aging.C) They can contribute to people’s health only to a limited extent.D) They have ways to intervene in peopled aging process.50. What does Professor Leonard Hayflick believe?A) The human lifespan cannot be prolonged.2017 年12 月大学英语四级考试真题(第三套）B) Aging is hardly separable from disease.C) Few people can live up to the age of 92.D) Heart disease is the major cause of aging.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Female applicants to postdoctoral positions in geosciences were nearly half as likely to receive excellent letters of recommendation, compared with their male counterparts. Christopher Intagliata reports.As in many other fields, gender bias is widespread in the sciences. Men score higher starting salaries, have more mentoring (指导），and have better odds of being hired. Studies show they’re also perceived as more competent than women in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) fields. And new research reveals that men are more likely to receive excellent letters of recommendation, too.“Say, you know，this is the best student I’ve ever had，” says Kuheli Dutt，a social scientist and diversity officer at Columbia University’s Lamont campus. “Compare those excellent letters with a merely good letter：‘ The candidate was productive, or intelligent, or a solid scientist or something that’s clearly solid praise，’ but nothing that s ingles out the candidate as exceptional or one of a kind. ”Dutt and her colleagues studied more than 1,200 letters of recommendation for postdoctoral positions in geoscience. They were all edited for gender and other identifying information, so Dutt and her team could assign them a score without knowing the gender of the student. They found that female applicants were only half as likely to get outstanding letters, compared with their male counterparts. That includes letters of recommendation from all over the world, and written by, yes, men and women. The findings are in the journal Nature Geoscience.Dutt says they were not able to evaluate the actual scientific qualifications of the applicants using the data in the files. But she says the results still suggest women in geoscience are at a potential disadvantage from the very beginning of their careers starting with those less than outstanding letters of recommendation.“We’re not trying to assign blame or criticize anyone or call anyone consciously sexist. Rather, the point is to use the results of this study to open up meaningful dialogues on implicit2017 年12 月大学英语四级考试真题(第三套）gender bias, be it at a departmental level or an institutional level or even a discipline level.” Which may lead to some recommendations for the letter writers themselves.51. What do we learn about applicants to postdoctoral positions in geosciences?A) There are many more men applying than women.B) Chances for women to get the positions are scarce.C) More males than females are likely to get outstanding letters of recommendation.D) Male applicants have more interest in these positions than their female counterparts.52. What do studies find about men and women in scientific research show?A) Women engaged in postdoctoral work are quickly catching up.B) Fewer women are applying for postdoctoral positions due to gender bias.C) Men are believed to be better able to excel in STEM disciplines.D) Women who are keenly interested in STEM fields are often exceptional.53. What do the studies find about the recommendation letters for women applicants?A) They are hardly ever supported by concrete examples.B) They contain nothing that distinguishes the applicants.C) They provide objective information without exaggeration.D) They are often filled with praise for exceptional applicants.54. What did Dutt and her colleagues do with the more than 1,200 letters of recommendation?A) They asked unbiased scholars to evaluate them.B) They invited women professionals to edit them.C) They assigned them randomly to reviewers.D) They deleted all information about gender.55. What does Dutt aim to do with her study?A) Raise recommendation writers’ awareness of gender bias in their letters.B) Open up fresh avenues for women post-doctors to join in research work.C) Alert women researchers to all types of gender bias in the STEM disciplines.D) Start a public discussion on how to raise women’s status in academic circles.2017 年12 月大学英语四级考试真题(第三套）Part IV Translation (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.黄山位于安徽省南部。

News Item 1A New Jersey black bear that walks upright on its 2 back legs and has become a social media darling has reemerged and has been captured on video month after its last sighting. The bear named Pedals was spotted in a town of Oakrage, in a video posted to Facebook featuring the bear it appear to be inrelatively good health and was moving quickly. "Pedals apparently hasn' t injured leg or pool that doesn' t allow it to walk comfortably on all fulls." according to experts. Laurance sportsman of the state for the state department environmentai protection said,"Officials expect the bear to make it through next winter. The bear first gained fame after was sported the wondering around neighborhoods and was caught on videos that were posted on social media and showed on national television. Last year, supporters pushed for Pedals to be moved to a shelter. But New Jersey officials have said they won z t allowed the bear to be captured and transferred to the facility. The bear would do better in its natural habitat on the agency would step in if its condition deteriorated they said・Ql.Whaf s the probable reason the bear upright on its back legs?A)It tries entertain its audience.B)It tries to look into the distanee.C)It wants to catch people's attention.D)It has got one of its limbs injured.Q2. How is the bear first known for the public?A)It was spotted by animal protection officials.B)It was filmed by a local television reporter.C)Its videos Were posted on social media.D)Its picture won a photography Bfi^l答案：DC新闻听力及原文News Item 2The previous record was 3003 billion miles in 2007 before the econo mic recessio n in high gas prices. The traffic in crease comes at the same time as gas crisis drop sigrdficantly, the current average gas price in US is 1.77$ per gall on. A year ago, it was 2.31$ per z it was ofte n much higher in recent years . A transportation expert told the report the job growth likely plays a part as well, along with some people driving longer distances to and from work. And so all this means more traffic jams on the road. The taxesN&N travel institute found rush hour travellers spent at least 42 on the road last because the traffic delays. Now that is depress! ng.Q3. What new record did the American last year?A)The distanee travelled.B)The incidence of road accidents.C)The spending on gas.D)The number of people travelling.Q4. What is depressing according to the speaker?A)Fewer people are commuting.B)Gas con sumption is soaring.C)Job growth is slowing down.D)Rush-hour traffic is worsening.B)答案：AD新闻听力及原文News 3(A sixty years ' old stra nger had bought him a nd his mother' s food to5.exchange Dranthe' s grocery for his car. What happened next?6. After a couple of weeks a stranger held hundreds of 90 thousand dollars the white said for the teenager Dranthe and the disabled mother. When John approached me ,he just pulled me heart White said. When I looked for him And what is he asking for He is my hero.7.Dranthe is my top student with his best to make it his world with no money and very few resources. Why do the they finding side. He went for work and help the mother finan cially .It' s so right for cha nging for one life. I find cari ng for Dranthe. This is his big chanee he is making it possible.5.What did the teenager Dranthe did to change food?A)He told a stranger the sad story about himself.B)He helped a stranger to carry groceries to his car.C)He went up to a str anger and pulled at his sleeves.D)He washed a stranger's car in return for some food.6.What did the stranger do for Dranthe?A)He ordered a lot of food for his family.B)He gave him a job at his own company.C)He raised a large sum of money for him.D)He offered him a scholarship for college.7.What do we learn about Dranthe?A)He works hard to support his family.B)He is an excellent student at school.C)He is very good at making up stories.D)He has been disabled since boyhood.答案：BCB长对话1原文及答案M: That was my 8」ast week economic lecture ------ the week, here is the weekend again.W: What do you up to do tonight? I was just wondering if we try out to new restaura nt on the sales street, the n go on Victoria for a drink.M: 9. Sorry, F m having home this weekend for my brother' s 18th birthday.W : Oh, that* s great.M: All of my relatives will be right there as well as my brother' s friend. Of course, listen, Mom will be delightedly seeing you again. lO.She' s alwaysasking us about you.W:Yes z T d love to see her too.M:So z please. Do come .It will be great.W: But I will not be ready until 5 o' clock. What time are you heading off?M: well, f m going to leave right away. However, I can hang you over for a while , it just means to change my ticket.W:But that would be a too much trouble for you.M:No z not at all. 11.1 will go to station first. If I can get the ticket first for us at 6.30 train. Then you can drive me there. I will call you after it' s done.W:Brilliant. Are you absolutely possibly okay? When shall we propose ?M: Don' t worry, it# s almost trying our party. And I always say more than Maria.W:Look z I will be go, and we will be late So I will meet you at the station at around 6 o "clock.M:Fine z See you later.8.What has the man just done?A)Attended an economics lecture.B)Taken a walk on Charles Street.C)Had a drink at Queen Victoria.D)Had dinner at a new restaurant.9.What is the man going to do this weekend?A)Treat a college friend to dinner.B)Make preparations for a seminar.C)Attend his brothers birthday party.D)Visit some of his high school friends.10.What does the man ask the woman to do?A)Gather statistics for his lecture.B)Throw a surprise birthday party.C)Meet with Jonathan!s friends on the weekend.D)Join him in his brother's birthday celebration.11.How will they go the man' s home?A)By car.B)By train.C)By taxi.D)By bus.答案：ACDB短文听力原文及答案Passage OneMost people know Marie Curie was the first woman to win the Nobel Prize and the first person to win the twice. However, few people know thatshe was also the mother of Nobel Prize winner. (16)Irene Currie was born on September 12th, 1893. At the age of ten z Irene' s talents and interests in mathematics were apparent. Irene entered Sorbonne University in October 1914 to prepare for a degree in mathematics and physics. (17)When World One began, she left Sorbonne University to help her mother who is using x-ray facility to help save the lives of wounded soldiers. Irene continued this work by developing x-ray for military hospitals in France and Belgium. After the war, she received a military medal for her work. In 1918, Irene became her mother' s assists nt at the Curie Institute. I n December 1924, FJ visited the institute and met Marry Curie. Fred became one of her assistant and Irene taught him the techniques required to work with radioactivity. Irene and Fred soon fell in love and got married on October 29th, 1926. Their daughter was born in 1937 and their son in 1932. (18)Like her mother, Irene was awarded for twice, more than her husband. Her producing new radioactive elements. Unfortunately, also like her mother, she developed blood cancer because of her exposure of the radiation. Irene J. Curie died on March 17th z 1954.Q16: What does the author say about Marry Curie' s daughter?A)She went to the same university as her mother.B)She worked as a nurse in the First World War.C)She won the Nobel Prize two times.D)She was also a Nobel Prize winner.Q17: For what does Irene curie was awarded a military medal?A)She fought bravely in a series of military operations.B)She developed X-ray facilities for military hospitals.C)She helped to set up several military hospitals・D)She made donations to save wounded soldiers.Q1& In what way were marry and Irene similar?A)Both died of blood cancer.B)Both fought in World War I.C)Both won military medals.D)Both married their assistants.B)答案：DBA短文听力原文及答案Passage Two(The storm blew the shake west for several days. 19.when the weather cleared, naddod found himself on the coast of a new land. Later z a hiking traveler named it iceland in 982, a waking called Eric right sailed western ‘search for the new Iand.five hundred miles west the he and his man reached the icy rocky mess of the land . they sailed around it until reaching the western side, 20. here, they found some dream areas so the y name the island dream land. Then, In 1001, the hiking makes the most important discovery, the son of Eric named had heard the rumors about the land, he sailed and found it. He and his men Ianded in three places.They called the first one hallowland, which means lands of flag stone, thehiking them sails south and reached the second landing. They name this place mark land. 21.Eric and his men was the first European to walk on the shores of America, almost five hundred earlier than the Columbia19.what do we learn about the hiking?A)They were the first settlers in Europe・B)They were the conquerors of Norway.C)They discovered Iceland in the ninth century.D)They settled on a small island north of England.20.what does the passage say about the dreamland?A)It was some five hundred miles west of Norway.B)It was covered with green most time of the year・C)It was the Vikings' most important discovery.D)It was a rocky mass of land covered with ice.21.what does the speaker mainly talk about?A)The Vikings f ocean explorations.B)The making of European nations.C)The Vikings' everyday life.D)The Europeans1 Arctic discoveries.答案：CDA短文听力原文及答案Passage TwoPassage Three:Where do you think you will be in ten years? It is difficult to knowexactly where you will be and where you will be doing. (22)Everyone dreamed about the future. You might imagined the job you will get, when you finish school. You may daydream meeting your lifetime partner or living in a big house by the sea. My dreams, I would have twins, a boy and a girl. We would live in a large two-story house with floors and staircases made of wood. Now at the age of 46,1 look back on those dreams and smile. (23)It hasrf t turned out exactly as I imagined, but I would not change what I have now for that imaginary world・(24)1 n college, I studied in ter national business in plants and law school. I n my third year of university, I realized that I didrf t want to become a lawyer. In stead, I chose to become Ian guage teacher. I did get married, but had more than two children, we get five. Do I live in the dream house with wood floors? No I don' t z but I love my home and I wouldt once live in any other place. (25)1 believe that as a young person, it s important to dream and make plans. However, it7 s also important to realize that not all of your plans turned out exactly as you wish. One of the biggest lesson r ve learned in life is this: be happy with what you have.Q22: What does the speaker think every one tends to do?A)Work hard for a better life.B)Make mistakes now and then.C)Dream about the future.D)Save against a rainy day.Q23: What does the speaker say he would refuse to do?A)Teach foreign languages for the rest of his Hfe.B)Change what he has for his past imaginary world.C)Exchange his two-story house for a beach cottage.D)Dwell on the dreams he had dr earned when young.Q24: What does the speaker major in during the first two years of college?A)Criminal law.B)City planning.C)Orientai architecture.D)In ter national busi ness.Q25: What is one of the biggest less on the speaker has lear ned in life?A)Dream and make plans.B)Take things easy in life.C)Be content with what you have.D)Enjoy whatever you are doing. 答案:CBDC。

2017年12月大学英语四级考试真题(第2套)Part IWriting(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes towrite a short essay on how to best handle the relationship between teachers and students. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part IIListening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three newsreports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) It tries to entertain its audience. C) It wantsto catch people 's attention.B) It tries to look into the distance. D) It has gotone of its limbs injured.2. A) It was spotted by animal protection officials.B) It was filmed by a local television reporter.C) Its videos were posted on social media.D) Its picture won a photography prize.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) The distance travelled C) The spending on gas.B) The incidence of road accidents. D) The number of people travelling.4. A) Fewer people are commuting. C) Job growth isslowing down.B) Gas consumption is soaring. D) Rush-hour traffic is worsening.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) He told a stranger the sad story about himself.B) He helped a stranger to carry groceries to his car.C) He went up to a stranger and pulled at his sleeves.D) He washed a stranger 's car in return for some food.6. A) He ordered a lot of food for his family. C) He raised a large sum of money for him.B) He gave him a job at his own company. D) He offered him a scholarship for college.7. A) He works hard to support his family. C) He isvery good at making up stories.B) He is an excellent student at school. D) He has been disabled since boyhood.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) Attended an economics lecture. C) Had a drink at Queen Victoria.B) Taken a walk on Charles Street. D) Had dinner at a new restaurant.9. A) Treat a college friend to dinner. C) Attend his brother 's birthday party.B) Make preparations for a seminar. D) Visit some ofhis high school friends.10. A) Gather statistics for his lecture.B) Throw a surprise birthday party.C) Meet with Jonathan 's friends on the weekend.D) Join him in his brother 's birthday celebration.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) Taking a vacation abroad.C) Saving enoughmoney for a rainy day.B) Reviewing for his last exam. D) Finding a better way to earnmoney.13. A) Preparing for his final exams. C) Working part time as awaiter.B) Negotiating with his boss for a raise.D) Helping the woman with her courses.14. A) Finish her term paper.C) Learn a little bit of Spanish.B) Save enough money.D) Ask her parent 's permission.15. A) He has rich sailing experience.C) He is also eager to go to Spain. 11. A) By car.By bus. B) By train. C) By taxi. D)B) He speaks Spanish fluently. D) He is easy to get along with.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you mast choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) She went to the same university as her mother.B) She worked as a nurse in the First World War.C) She won the Nobel Prize two times.D) She was also a Nobel Prize winner.17. A) She fought bravely in a series of military operations.B) She developed X-ray facilities for military hospitals.C) She helped to set up several military hospitals.D) She made donations to save wounded soldiers.18. A) Both died of blood cancer. C) Both won military medals.B) Both fought in World War I. D) Both married their assistants.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) They were the first settlers in Europe.B) They were the conquerors of Norway.C) They discovered Iceland in the ninth century.D) They settled on a small island north of England.20. A) It was some five hundred miles west of Norway.B) It was covered with green most time of the year.C) It was the Vikings ' most important discovery.D) It was a rocky mass of land covered with ice.21. A) The Vikings, ocean explorations. C) The Vikings ' everyday life.B) The making of European nations. D) The Europeans ' Arctic discoveries.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) Work hard for a better life. C) Dream about the future.B) Make mistakes now and then. D) Save against a rainy day.23. A) Teach foreign languages for the rest of his life.B) Change what he has for his past imaginary world.C) Exchange his two-story house for a beach cottage.D) Dwell on the dreams he had dreamed when young.24. A) Criminal law. C) Oriental architecture.B) City planning. D) International business.25. A) Dream and make plans. C) Be content with what you have.B) Take things easy in life, D) Enjoy whatever you are doing.Part IIIReading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Technological changes brought dramatic new options to Americans living in the 1990s. During this decade new forms of entertainment, commerce, research, and communication became commonplacein the U. S. The driving force behind much of this change was a (n) 26 popularly known as the Internet.The Internet was developed during the 1970s by the Department of Defense. In the case of an attack, military advisers suggested the 27 of being able to operate one computer from another terminal. In the early days, the Internet was used mainly by scientists to communicate with other scientists. The Internet 28 under government control until 1984.One early problem faced by Internet users was speed. Phone lines could only transmit information at a 29 rate. The development of fiber-optic （光纤）cables allowed for billionsof bits of information to be received every minute. Companies like Intel developed faster microprocessors, so personal computers could processthe 30 signals at a more rapid rate.In the early 1990s, the World Wide Web was developed, in large part, for 31 purposes. Corporations created home pages where they could place text and graphics to sell products. Soon airline tickets, hotel32 , and even cars and homes could be purchased online. Universities33 research data on the Internet, so students could find 34 information without leaving their dormitories. Companies2017年12月英语四级真题和答案解析soon discovered that work could be done at home and 35 on li ne, so a whole new class of telecommuters bega n to earn alivi ng from home offices un shave n and weari ng pajamas ( 睡衣).Secti on BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passagewith ten stateme nts attached to it. Each stateme nt contains in formati on give n in one of the paragraphs. Ide ntify the paragraph from which the information is derived. Youmaychoosea paragraph more tha n on ce. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. An swer the questio ns by marki ng the corresp onding letter on An swer Sheet 2.The Health Benefits of Kn itt ingA) About 15 years ago, I was invited to join a knitting group.I agreed to give it a try.B) My mother had taught me to knit at 15, and I knitted in classthroughout college and for a few years thereafter. Then decades passed without my touching a knitting needle. But within two Mondays in the group, I was hooked, not only on knitting but also on crocheting ( 钩织), and I was on my way tobecoming a highly productive crafter.C) I 've made countless baby blankets, sweaters, scarves, hats, caps for newborns. I take a knitting project with me everywhere, especially when I have to sit still and listen. As I discovered in college, when my hands are busy, my mind stays focused on the here and now.D) It seems, too, that I 'm part of a national renewal of interest in needle and other handicrafts ( 手工艺).The Craft Yam Council reports that a third of women ages 25-35 now knit or crochet. Even men and schoolchildren are swelling the ranks, among them my Mend's three small grandsons. Last April, the council created a Stitch Away Stress ” campaign in honor of National Stress Awareness Month. Dr. Herbert Benson, a pioneer in mind/body medicine and author of The Relaxation Response, says that the repetitive action of needlework can induce arelaxed state like that associated with meditation ( yoga. Once you get沉思) and beyond the initial learning curve, knitting and crocheting canlower heart rate and blood pressure.E） But unlike meditation, craft activities result in tangible and often useful products that can enhance self-esteem. I keep photos of my singular accomplishments on my cellphone to boost my spirits when needed.F）Since the 1990s, the council has surveyed hundreds of thousands of knitters and crocheters, whoroutinely list stress relief and creative fulfillment as the activities ' main benefits. Among them is the father of a prematurely born daughter who reported that during the baby's five weeks in the intensive care unit,“learni ng how to knit infant hats gaveme a sense of purpose during a time that I felt very helpless. It 's a hobby that I 've stuck with, and it continues to help mecope with stress at work, provide a sense of order in hectic （忙乱的） days, and allow my brain time t o solve problems. ”G） A recent email from the yam （纺纱） company Red Hearttitled “Health Benefits of Crocheting and Knitting ” prompted me to explore what else might be known about the health value of activities like knitting. My research revealed that therewards go well beyond replacing stress and anxiety with the satisfaction of creation.H）For example, Karen Hayes, a life coach in Toronto, conducts knitting therapy programs, including Knit to Quit to help smokers give up the habit, and Knit to Heal for people coping with health crises, like a cancer diagnosis or serious illness of a family member. Schools and prisons with craft programs report that they have a calming effect and enhance social skills. And having to follow instructions on complex craft pr ojects can improve children 's math skills.I）Somepeople find that craftwork helps them control their weight. Just as it 's challenging to smokewhile knitting, when hands are holding needles and hooks, there 's less snacking and mindless eating out of boredom.J） I ' ve found that my handiwork with yam has helped my arthritic （患关节炎的）fingers remain more dexterous （灵巧的） as I age. A woman encouraged to try knitting and crocheting after developing an autoimmune disease that caused a lot of hand pain reported on the Craft YamCouncil site that her hands are now less stiff and painful.K） A 2009 University of British Columbia study of 38 women with aneating disorder who were taught to knit found that learning the craft led to significant improvements. Seventy-four percent of the women said the activity lessened their fears and kept them from thinking about their problem.L） Betsan Corkhill, a wellness coach in Bath, England, and author of the book Knit for Health & Wellness, established a website, Stitchlinks, to explore the value of what she calls therapeutic knitting. Among her respondents, 54 percent of those who were clinically depressed said that knitting made them feel happy or very happy. In a study of 60 self-selected people with persistent pain, Ms. Corkhill and colleagues reported that knitting enabled them to redirect their focus, reducing their awareness of pain. She suggested that the brain can process just so much at once, and that activities like knitting and crocheting makeit harder for the brain to register pain signals. Perhaps most exciting is research that suggests that crafts like knitting and crocheting may help to keep off a decline in brain function with age. In a 2011 study, researchers led by Dr. Yonas Geda at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester interviewed a random （随机的） sample of 1,321 people ages 70-89, most of whomwere cognitively （在认知方面） normal,about the cognitive activities they engaged in late in life. The study, published in the Journal of Neuropsychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences, found that those who engaged in crafts like knitting and crocheting had adiminished chance of developing mild cognitive disorder and memory loss.M) Although it is possible that only people who are cognitively healthy would pursue such activities, those who read newspapers or magazines or played music did not show similar benefits. The researchers speculate that craft activities promote the development of nerve pathways in the brain that help to maintain cognitive health.N) In support of that suggestion, a 2014 study by Denise C. Park of the University of Texas at Dallas and colleagues demonstrated that learning to knit or do digital photography enhanced memoryfunction in older adults. Those who engaged in activities that were not intellectually challenging, either in a social group or alone, did not show such improvements.O) Given that sustained social contacts have been shown to support health and a long life, those wishing to maximize the health value of crafts might consider joining a group of like-minded folks.I for one try not to miss a single weekly meeting of my knitting group.36. When the author was a college student, she found that knitting helped her concentrate.37. Knitting can help people stay away from tobacco.38. Even men and children are now joining the army of knitters.39. Being a memberof a crafts group enhances one's health and prolongs one 's life.40. Knitting diverts people 's attention from their pain.41. The author learnt to knit as a teenager, but it was not until she was much older that she became keenly interested.42. Whenpeople are knitting, they tend to eat fewer snacks.43. Survey findings show that knitting can help people relieve stress.44. According to a study, knitters and crocheters are less likely to suffer mild cognitive damage.45. The products of knitting can increase one 's sense of self-respect.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by somequestions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Nobody really knows how big Lagos is. What's indisputable is that it 's growing very quickly. Between now and 2050, the urban population of Africa could triple. Yet cities in sub-Saharan Africa are not getting richer the way cities in the rest of the world have. Most urban Africans live in slums ( 贫民窟); migrants are often not much better off than they were in the countryside. Why?The immediate problem is poverty. Most of Africa is urbanising at a lower level of income than other regions of the world did. That means there 's little money around forinvestment that would makecities liveable and more productive. Without upgrades and new capacity, bridges, roads and power systems are unable to cope with expanding populations. With the exception of South Africa, the only light rail metro system in sub-Saharan Africa is in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Traffic jam leads to expense and unpredictability, things that keep investors away.In other parts of the world, increasing agricultural productivity and industrialization went together. More productive farmers meant there was a surplus that could feed cities; in turn, that created a pool of labour forfactories. But African cities are different. They are too often built around consuming natural resources. Government is concentrated in capitals, so is the money. Most urban Africans work for a small minority of the rich, who tend to be involved in either cronyish （有裙带关系的）businesses or politics. Since African agriculture is still broadly unproductive, food is imported, consuming a portion of revenue.So what can be done? Though African countries are poor, not all African cities are. In Lagos, foreign oil workers can pay as much as $65,000 per year in rent for a modest apartment in a safe part of town. If that income were better taxed, it might provide the revenue for better infrastructure. If city leaders were more accountable to their residents, they might favour projects designed to help them more. Yet even as new roads are built, new people arrive. When a city 's population grows by 5% a year, it is difficult to keep up.46. What do we learn from the passage about cities in sub-Saharan Africa?A) They have more slums than other cities in the world.B) They are growing fast without becoming richer.C) They are as modernised as many cities elsewhere.D) They attract migrants who want to be better off.47. What does the author imply about urbanisation in other parts of the world?A) It benefited from the contribution of immigrants.B) It started when people 's income was relatively high.C) It benefited from the accelerated rise in productivity.D) It started with the improvement of people 's livelihood.48. Why is sub-Saharan Africa unappealing to investors?A) It lacks adequate transport facilities.B) The living expenses there are too high.C) It is on the whole too densely populated.D) The local governments are corrupted.49. In what way does the author say African cities are different?A) They have attracted huge numbers of farm labourers.B) They still rely heavily on agricultural productivity.C) They have developed at the expense of nature.D) They depend far more on foreign investment.50. What might be a solution to the problems facing African cities?A) Lowering of apartment rent. C) More rational overall planning.B) Better education for residents. D) A more responsible government.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.For the past several decades, it seems there 's been a general consensus on howto get ahead in America: Get a college education, find a reliable job, and buy your own home. But do Americans still believe in that path, and if they do, is it attainable?The most recent National Journal poll asked respondents about the American dream, what it takes to achieve their goals, and whether or not they felt a significant amount of control over their ability to be successful. Overwhelmingly, the results show that today, the idea of the American dream —and what it takes to achieve it —looks quite different than it did in the late 20th century.By and large, people felt that their actions and hard work—not outside forces —were the deciding factor in howtheir lives turned out. But respondents had decidedly mixed feelings about what actions make for a better life in the current economy.In the last seven years, Americans have grown more pessimistic about the power of education to lead to success. Even though they see going to college as a fairly achievable goal, a majority —52 percent —think that young people do not need a four-year college education in order to be successful.Miguel Maeda, 42, who has a master 's degree and works in public health, was the first in his family to go to college, which has allowed him to achieve a sense of financial stability his parents and grandparents never did.While some, like Maeda, emphasized the value of the degree rather than the education itself, others still see college as a way to gain new perspectives and life experiences.Sixty-year-old Will Fendley, who had a successful career in the military and never earned a college degree, thinks “personal drive ” is far more important than just going to college. To Fendley, a sense of drive and purpose, as well as an effective high-school education, and basic life skills, like balancing a checkbook, are the necessary ingredients for a successful life in America.51. It used to be commonly acknowledged that to succeed in America, one had to have ____ .A) an advanced academic degree C) a firm belief in their dreamB) an ambition to get ahead D) a sense of drive andpurpose52. What is the finding of the latest National Journal poll concerning the American dream?A) More and more Americans are finding it hard to realize.B) It remains alive amongthe majority of American people.C) Americans ' idea of it has changed over the past few decades.D) An increasing number of young Americans are abandoning it.53. What do Americans now think of the role of college education in achieving success?A) It still remains open to debate.B) It has proved to be beyond doubt.C) It is no longer as important as it used to be.D) It is much better understood now than ever.54. How do some people view college education these days?A) It promotes gender equality. C) It adds to cultural diversity.B) It needs to be strengthened. D) It helps broaden their minds.55. What is one factor essential to success in America, according to Will Fendley?A) A desire to learn and to adapt. C) A willingness to commit oneself.B) A strong sense of responsibility. D) A clear aim and high motivation.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed SO minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.xx位于xx，距xx120公里。

2017年12月英语四级真题3套含答案解析2017年6月大学英语四级真题及答案(第一套)Part I Writing (25 minutes)(请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an advertisement on your campus website to sell a computer you used at college. Your advertisement may include its brand, specifications/features, condition and price, and your contact information.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes) Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and questions will be spoken only once. After you hear questions, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

2017年12月大学英语四级考试真题(第2套）Part I Writing （30 minutes)Directions: For this part， you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on how to best handle the relationship between teachers and students。

You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words。

Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections：In this section， you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report，you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B), C） and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1。

A） It tries to entertain its audience. C）It wants to catch people’s attention。

【导语】2017年12⽉英语四级考试于12⽉16⽇进⾏，考后⽆忧考将为您带来第⼀⼿2017年12⽉英语四级真题及答案。

以下为2017年12⽉英语四级听⼒新闻及长对话真题及答案解析【新东⽅在线版】，仅供参考。

News report 1Q1: Who did Edison raise money for?答案：B. Her little brother.解析：细节题。

重点听⼈物，运⽤听⼒技巧中的开头原则，直接解决问题，选出答案。

Q2: How did Edison raise money?答案：C. By selling lemonade and pictures.解析：细节题。

重点听⾏为动作，按照顺序原则及视听⼀致原则解题，两次提及答案内容。

News report 2Q3: What was France’s purpose of constructing the Wattway?答案：C. Providing clean energy to five million people.解析：细节题。

开头原则，听到goal这个单词确定核⼼内容。

Q4:What is special about the solar panels used in the Wattway?答案：B. They can be laid right on top of existing highways.解析：细节题。

顺序原则，后半部分，视听⼀致，答案确定。

News report 3Q5: What has is made difficult to survey lions in remote parts of Sudan and Ethiopia?答案：A. Endless fighting in the region.解析：细节题。

开头原则，视听⼀致原则。

出现了continuous fighting in the region…与选项信息⼀致，确定答案。

2017 年 12 月大学英语四级考试真题(第 2 套)Part I Writing(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on how to best handle the relationship between teachers and students. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension(25 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) It tries to entertain its audience.C) It wants to catch people’ s attention.B) It tries to look into the distance.D) It has got one of its limbs injured.2.A) It was spotted by animal protection officials.B) It was filmed by a local television reporter.C) Its videos were posted on social media.D) Its picture won a photography prize.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3.A) The distance travelled C) The spending on gas.B) The incidence of road accidents.D) The number of people travelling.4.A) Fewer people are commuting.C) Job growth is slowing down.B) Gas consumption is soaring.D) Rush-hour traffic is worsening.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) He told a stranger the sad story about himself.B)He helped a stranger to carry groceries to his car.C)He went up to a stranger and pulled at his sleeves.D)He washed a stranger’ s car in return for some food.6.A) He ordered a lot of food for his family.B) He gave him a job at his own company.7.A) He works hard to support his family.B) He is an excellent student at school. Section B C)He raised a large sum of money for him.D)He offered him a scholarship for college.C)He is very good at making up stories.D)He has been disabled since boyhood.Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8.A) Attended an economics lecture.C) Had a drink at Queen Victoria.B) Taken a walk on Charles Street.D) Had dinner at a new restaurant.9.A) Treat a college friend to dinner.C) Attend his brother’ s birthday party.B) Make preparations for a seminar.D) Visit some of his high school friends.10.A) Gather statistics for his lecture.B) Throw a surprise birthday party.C) Meet with Jonathan’ s friends on the weekend.D) Join him in his brother’ s birthday celebration.11. A) By car.B) By train.C) By taxi.D) By bus.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) Taking a vacation abroad.C) Saving enough money for a rainy day.B) Reviewing for his last exam.13.A) Preparing for his final exams. B) Negotiating with his boss for a raise.14.A) Finish her term paper.B) Save enough money.15.A) He has rich sailing experience.B) He speaks Spanish fluently. Section C D)Finding a better way to earn money.C)Working part time as a waiter.D)Helping the woman with her courses.C)Learn a little bit of Spanish.D) Ask her parent’ s permission.C)He is also eager to go to Spain.D)He is easy to get along with.Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you mast choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A) She went to the same university as her mother.B) She worked as a nurse in the First World War.C) She won the Nobel Prize two times.D) She was also a Nobel Prize winner.17.A) She fought bravely in a series of military operations.B) She developed X-ray facilities for military hospitals.C) She helped to set up several military hospitals. D)She made donations to save wounded soldiers.18. A) Both died of blood cancer.C) Both won military medals.B) Both fought in World War I.D) Both married their assistants.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) They were the first settlers in Europe.B)They were the conquerors of Norway.C)They discovered Iceland in the ninth century.D)They settled on a small island north of England. 20.A) It was some five hundred miles west of Norway.B)It was covered with green most time of the year.C)It was the Vikings’ most important discovery.D)It was a rocky mass of land covered with ice.21.A) The Vikings, ocean explorations.C) The Vikings’ everyday life.B) The making of European nations.D) The Europeans’ Arctic discoveries. Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A) Work hard for a better life.C) Dream about the future.B) Make mistakes now and then.D) Save against a rainy day.23.A) Teach foreign languages for the rest of his life. B)Change what he has for his past imaginary world. C)Exchange his two-story house for a beach cottage. D)Dwell on the dreams he had dreamed when young.24.A) Criminal law.C) Oriental architecture.B) City planning.D) International business.25.A) Dream and make plans.C) Be content with what you have.B) Take things easy in life,D) Enjoy whatever you are doing.Part III Reading Comprehension(40 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. 4Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line throughthe centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Technological changes brought dramatic new options to Americans living in the 1990s. During this decade new forms of entertainment, commerce, research, and communication became commonplace in the U. S. The driving force behind much of this change was a (n) 26 popularly known as the Internet.The Internet was developed during the 1970s by the Department of Defense. In the case of an attack, military advisers suggested the27of being able to operate one computer from another terminal. In the early days, the Internet was used mainly by scientists to communicate with other scientists. The Internet28under government control until 1984.One early problem faced by Internet users was speed. Phone lines could only transmit information at a29rate. The development of fiber-optic ( 光纤 )cables allowed for billions of bits of information to be received every minute. Companies like Intel developed faster microprocessors, so personal computers could process the30signals at a more rapid rate.In the early 1990s, the World Wide Web was developed, in large part, for31purposes. Corporations created home pages where they could place text and graphics to sell products. Soon airline tickets, hotel32, and even cars and homes could be purchased online. Universities33research data on the Internet, so students could find34information without leaving their dormitories. Companies soon discovered that work could be done at home and35online, so a whole new class of telecommuters began to earn a living from home offices unshaven and wearing pajamas (睡衣 ).A) advantage I) maintainedB) commercial J) occupationsC) conservation K) postedD) equipped L) remainedE) incoming M) reservationsF) innovation N) submittedG) limited O) valuableH) localSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from whichthe information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph ismarked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Health Benefits of KnittingA)About 15 years ago, I was invited to join a knitting group. I agreed to give it a try.B)My mother had taught me to knit at 15, and I knitted in class throughout college and for afew years thereafter. Then decades passed without my touching a knitting needle. But within twoMondays in the group, I was hooked, not only on knitting but also on crocheting ( 钩织 ), and I wason my way to becoming a highly productive crafter.C)I ’ vemade countless baby blankets, sweaters, scarves, hats, caps for newborns. I take aknitting project with me everywhere, especially when I have to sit still and listen. As I discoveredin college, when my hands are busy, my mind stays focused on the here and now.D) It seems, too, that I’ m part of a national renewal of interest in needle and other handicrafts(手工艺 ).The Craft Yam Council reports that a third of women ages 25-35 now knit or crochet.Even men and schoolchildren are swelling the ranks, among them my Mend’ s three small grandsons Last April, the council created a Stitch Away Stress”campaign in honor of National StressAwareness Month. Dr. Herbert Benson, a pioneer in mind/body medicine and author of TheRelaxation Response, says that the repetitive action of needlework can induce a relaxed state likethat associated with meditation ( 沉思 ) and yoga. Once you get beyond the initial learning curve,knitting and crocheting can lower heart rate and blood pressure.E)But unlike meditation, craft activities result in tangible and often useful products that canenhance self-esteem. I keep photos of my singular accomplishments on my cellphone to boostmy spirits when needed.F)Since the 1990s, the council has surveyed hundreds of thousands of knitters and crocheters,who routinely list stress relief and creative fulfillment as the activities’ main benefits. A is the father of a prematurely born daughter who reported that during the baby’ s five weeks intensive care unit,“ learning how to knit infant hats gave me a sense of purpose during a time thatI felt very helpless. It’ s a hobby that I’ ve stuck with, and it continues to help me cope with stress at work, provide a sense of order in hectic ( 忙乱的 ) days, and allow my brain time to solve problems.”G) A recent email from the yam ( 纺纱 ) company Red Heart titled“ HealthBenefits ofCrocheting and Knitting ” prompted me to explore what else might be known about the health value ofactivities like knitting. My research revealed that the rewards go well beyond replacing stress and anxietywith the satisfaction of creation.H)For example, Karen Hayes, a life coach in Toronto, conducts knitting therapy programs,including Knit to Quit to help smokers give up the habit, and Knit to Heal for people coping with healthcrises, like a cancer diagnosis or serious illness of a family member. Schools and prisons with craftprograms report that they have a calming effect and enhance social skills. And having to followinstructions on complex craft projects can improve children’ s math skills.I) Some people find that craftwork helps them control their weight. Just as it’ s challe smoke while knitting, when hands are holding needles and hooks, there’ s less snacking and mind eating out of boredom.J) I ’ ve found that my handiwork with yam has helped my arthritic患(关节炎的 )fingers remainmore dexterous ( 灵巧的) as I age. A woman encouraged to try knitting and crocheting afterdeveloping an autoimmune disease that caused a lot of hand pain reported on the Craft Yam Councilsite that her hands are now less stiff and painful.K) A 2009 University of British Columbia study of 38 women with an eating disorder whowere taught to knit found that learning the craft led to significant improvements. Seventy-fourpercent of the women said the activity lessened their fears and kept them from thinking about theirproblem.L)Betsan Corkhill, a wellness coach in Bath, England, and author of the book Knit for Health&Wellness, established a website, Stitchlinks, to explore the value of what she calls therapeuticknitting. Among her respondents, 54 percent of those who were clinically depressed said thatknitting made them feel happy or very happy. In a study of 60 self-selected people with persistentpain, Ms. Corkhill and colleagues reported that knitting enabled them to redirect their focus,reducing their awareness of pain. She suggested that the brain can process just so much at once, andthat activities like knitting and crocheting make it harder for the brain to register pain signals.Perhaps most exciting is research that suggests that crafts like knitting and crocheting may help tokeep off a decline in brain function with age. In a 2011 study, researchers led by Dr. Yonas Geda atthe Mayo Clinic in Rochester interviewed a random ( 随机的 ) sample of 1,321 people ages 70-89,most of whom were cognitively ( 在认知方面 ) normal, about the cognitive activities they engaged inlate in life. The study, published in the Journal of Neuropsychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences, foundthat those who engaged in crafts like knitting and crocheting had a diminished chance of developingmild cognitive disorder and memory loss.M)Although it is possible that only people who are cognitively healthy would pursue suchactivities, those who read newspapers or magazines or played music did not show similar benefits.The researchers speculate that craft activities promote the development of nerve pathways in thebrain that help to maintain cognitive health.N)In support of that suggestion, a 2014 study by Denise C. Park of the University of Texas atDallas and colleagues demonstrated that learning to knit or do digital photography enhancedmemory function in older adults. Those who engaged in activities that were not intellectuallychallenging, either in a social group or alone, did not show such improvements.O)Given that sustained social contacts have been shown to support health and a long life, thosewishing to maximize the health value of crafts might consider joining a group of like-minded folks.I for one try not to miss a single weekly meeting of my knitting group.36.When the author was a college student, she found that knitting helped her concentrate.37.Knitting can help people stay away from tobacco.38.Even men and children are now joining the army of knitters.39.Being a member of a crafts group enhances one’ s health and prolongs one’ s life.40.Knitting diverts people’ s attention from their pain.41.The author learnt to knit as a teenager, but it was not until she was much older that shebecame keenly interested.42.When people are knitting, they tend to eat fewer snacks.43.Survey findings show that knitting can help people relieve stress.44.According to a study, knitters and crocheters are less likely to suffer mild cognitive damage.45. The products of knitting can increase one’ s sense of self-respect.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Youshould decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a singleline through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Nobody really knows how big Lagos is. What’ s indisputable is that it’ s growing very quick Between now and 2050, the urban population of Africa could triple. Yet cities in sub-SaharanAfrica are not getting richer the way cities in the rest of the world have. Most urban Africans live inslums (贫民窟 ); migrants are often not much better off than they were in the countryside. Why?The immediate problem is poverty. Most of Africa is urbanising at a lower level of income thanother regions of the world did. That means there ’ s little money around for investment that would make citiesliveable and more productive. Without upgrades and new capacity, bridges, roads andpower systems are unable to cope with expanding populations. With the exception of South Africa,the only light rail metro system in sub-Saharan Africa is in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Traffic jam leadsto expense and unpredictability, things that keep investors away.In other parts of the world, increasing agricultural productivity and industrialization wenttogether. More productive farmers meant there was a surplus that could feed cities; in turn, thatcreated a pool of labour for factories. But African cities are different. They are too often built aroundconsuming natural resources. Government is concentrated in capitals, so is the money. Most urbanAfricans work for a small minority of the rich, who tend to be involved in either cronyish (有裙带关系的 )businesses or politics. Since African agriculture is still broadly unproductive,food isimported, consuming a portion of revenue.So what can be done? Though African countries are poor, not all African cities are. In Lagos,foreign oil workers can pay as much as $65,000 per year in rent for a modest apartment in a safepart of town. If that income were better taxed, it might provide the revenue for better infrastructure.If city leaders were more accountable to their residents, they might favour projects designed to helpthem more. Yet even as new roads are built, new people arrive. When a city ’ s population grow 5% a year, it is difficult to keep up.46.What do we learn from the passage about cities in sub-Saharan Africa?A) They have more slums than other cities in the world.B) They are growing fast without becoming richer.C) They are as modernised as many cities elsewhere.D) They attract migrants who want to be better off.47.What does the author imply about urbanisation in other parts of the world?A) It benefited from the contribution of immigrants.B) It started when people’ s income was relatively high.C)It benefited from the accelerated rise in productivity.D) It started with the improvement of people’ s livelihood.48.Why is sub-Saharan Africa unappealing to investors?A) It lacks adequate transport facilities.B) The living expenses there are too high.C) It is on the whole too densely populated.D) The local governments are corrupted.49.In what way does the author say African cities are different?A) They have attracted huge numbers of farm labourers.B) They still rely heavily on agricultural productivity.C) They have developed at the expense of nature. D)They depend far more on foreign investment.50.What might be a solution to the problems facing African cities?A) Lowering of apartment rent.C) More rational overall planning.B) Better education for residents.D) A more responsible government.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.For the past several decades, it seems there’ s been a general consensus on how to get ahead in America: Get a college education, find a reliable job, and buy your own home. But do Americansstill believe in that path, and if they do, is it attainable?The most recent National Journal poll asked respondents about the American dream, what ittakes to achieve their goals, and whether or not they felt a significant amount of control over theirability to be successful. Overwhelmingly, the results show that today, the idea of the Americandream — and what it takes to achieve it—looks quite different than it did in the late 20th century.By and large, people felt that their actions and hard work — not outside forces — werethedeciding factor in how their lives turned out. But respondents had decidedly mixed feelings aboutwhat actions make for a better life in the current economy.In the last seven years, Americans have grown more pessimistic about the power of education tolead to success. Even though they see going to college as a fairly achievable goal, a majority52 percent — thinkthat young people do not need a four-year college education in order to besuccessful.Miguel Maeda, 42, who has a master’ s degree and works in public health, was the first in his family to go to college, which has allowed him to achieve a sense of financial stability hisparents and grandparents never did.While some, like Maeda, emphasized the value of the degree rather than the education itself,others still see college as a way to gain new perspectives and life experiences.Sixty-year-old Will Fendley, who had a successful career in the military and never earned acollege degree, thinks “ personal drive ” is far more important than just going to college. To Fendley, a sense of drive and purpose, as well as an effective high-school education, and basic life skills, like balancing a checkbook, are the necessary ingredients for a successful life in America.51. It used to be commonly acknowledged that to succeed in America, one had to have ______.A) an advanced academic degree C) a firm belief in their dreamB) an ambition to get ahead D) a sense of drive and purpose52.What is the finding of the latest National Journal poll concerning the American dream?A) More and more Americans are finding it hard to realize.B) It remains alive among the majority of American people.C) Americans ’ idea of it has changed over the past few decades. D)An increasing number of young Americans are abandoning it.53.What do Americans now think of the role of college education in achieving success?A) It still remains open to debate.B) It has proved to be beyond doubt.C) It is no longer as important as it used to be.D) It is much better understood now than ever.54.How do some people view college education these days?A) It promotes gender equality.C) It adds to cultural diversity.B) It needs to be strengthened.D) It helps broaden their minds.55. What is one factor essential to success in America, according to Will Fendley?A)A desire to learn and to adapt.B)A strong sense of responsibility. C)A willingness to commit oneself.D)A clear aim and high motivation.Part IV Translation(30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed SO minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.华山位于华阴市，距西安120 公里。

2017年12月大学英语四级真题及答案解析和听力原文(卷一)2017年12月大学英语四级真题(卷一)Part I Writing (25 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on how to best handle the relationship between teachers and students. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) It tries entertain its audience.B) It tries to look into the distance.C) It wants to catch people's attention.D) It has got one of its limbs injured.2. A) It was spotted by animal protection officials. C) Its videos were posted on social media.B) It was filmed by a local television reporter. D) Its picture won a photography prize. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) The distance travelled.B) The incidence of road accidents.C) The spending on gas.D) The number of people travelling.4. A) Fewer people are commuting.B) Gas consumption is soaring.C) Job growth is slowing down.D) Rush-hour traffic is worsening.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) He told a stranger the sad story about himself.B) He helped a stranger to carry groceries to his car.C) He went up to a stranger and pulled at his sleeves.D) He washed a stranger's car in return for some food.6. A) He ordered a lot of food for his family.B) He gave him a job at his own company.C) He raised a large sum of money for him.D) He offered him a scholarship for college.7. A) He works hard to support his family.B) He is an excellent student at school.C) He is very good at making up stories.D) He has been disabled since boyhood.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) Attended an economics lecture.B) Taken a walk on Charles Street.C) Had a drink at Queen Victoria.D) Had dinner at a new restaurant.9. A) Treat a college friend to dinner.B) Make preparations for a seminar.C) Attend his brother’s birthday party.D) Visit some of his high school friends.10. A) Gather statistics for his lecture. C) Meet with Jonathan's friends on the weekend.B) Throw a surprise birthday party. D) Join him in his brother's birthday celebration.11. A) By car.B) By train.C) By taxi.D) By bus. Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) Taking a vacation abroad.B) Reviewing for his last exam.C) Saving enough money for a rainy day.D) Finding a better way to earn money.13. A) Preparing for his final exams.B) Negotiating with his boss for a raise.C) Working part time as a waiter.D) Helping the woman with her courses.14. A) Finish her term paper.B) Save enough money.C) Learn a little bit of Spanish.D) Ask her parent's permission.15. A) He has rich sailing experience.B) He speaks Spanish fluently.C) He is also eager to go to Spain.D) He is easy to get along with.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) She went to the same university as her mother.B) She worked as a nurse in the First World War.C) She won the Nobel Prize two times.D) She was also a Nobel Prize winner.17. A) She fought bravely in a series of military operations.B) She developed X-ray facilities for military hospitals.C) She helped to set up several military hospitals.D) She made donations to save wounded soldiers.18. A) Both died of blood cancer.B) Both fought in World War I.C) Both won military medals.D) Both married their assistants.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) They were the first settlers in Europe. C) They discovered Iceland in the ninth century.B) They were the conquerors of Norway. D) They settled on a small island north of England.20. A) It was some five hundred miles west of Norway.B) It was covered with green most time of the year.C) It was the Vikings' most important discovery.D) It was a rocky mass of land covered with ice.21. A) The Vikings' ocean explorations.B) The making of European nations.C) The Vikings' everyday life.D) The Europeans' Arctic discoveries.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) Work hard for a better life.B) Make mistakes now and then.C) Dream about the future.D) Save against a rainy day.23. A) Teach foreign languages for the rest of his life.B) Change what he has for his past imaginary world.C) Exchange his two-story house for a beach cottage.D) Dwell on the dreams he had dreamed when young.24. A) Criminal law.B) City planning.C) Oriental architecture.D) International business.25. A) Dream and make plans.B) Take things easy in life.C) Be content with what you have.D) Enjoy whatever you are doing.Part ⅢReading Comprehension ( 40 minutes )Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.A rat or pigeon might not be the obvious choice to tend to someone who is sick, but these creatures have some 26 skills that could help the treatment of human diseases.Pigeons are often seen as dirty birds and an urban 27 , but they are just the latest in a long line of animals that have been found to have abilities to help humans. Despite having a brain no bigger than the 28 of your index finger, pigeons have a very impressive 29 memory. Recently it was shown that they could be trained to be as accurate as humans at detecting breast cancer in images.Rats are often 30 with spreading disease rather than 31 it, but this long-tailed animal is highly 32 . Inside a rat's nose are up to 1,000 different types of olfactory receptors (嗅觉感受器), whereas humans only have 100 to 200 types. This gives rats the ability to detect 33 smells. As a result, some rats are being put to work to detect TB (肺结核) . When the rats detect the smell, they stop and rub their legs to 34 a sample is infected.Traditionally, a hundred samples would take lab technicians more than two days to 35 ,but for a rat it takes less than 20 minutes. This rat detection method doesn't rely on specialist equipment. It is also more accurate —the rats are able to find more TB infections and, therefore, save more lives.A) associatedB) examineC) indicate D) nuisanceE) peakF) preventingG) prohibitingH) sensitiveI) slightJ) specifyK) superiorL) suspiciousM) tipN) treatedO) visualSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Do In-Class Exams Make Students Study Harder?Research suggests they may study more broadly for the unexpected rather than search for answers.[A] I have always been a poor test-taker. So it may seem rather strange that I have returned to college to finish the degree I left undone some four decades ago. I am making my way through Columbia University, surrounded by students who quickly supply the verbal answer while I am still processing the question.[B] Since there is no way for me to avoid exams, I am currently questioning what kind are the most taxing and ultimately beneficial. I have already sweated through numerous in-class midterms and finals, and now I have a professor who issues take-home ones. I was excited when I learned this, figuring I had a full week to do the research, read the texts, and write it all up. In fact, I was still rewriting my midterm the morning it was due. To say I had lost the thread is putting it mildly.[C] As I was suffering through my week of anxiety, over thinking the material and guessing my grasp of it, I did some of my own polling among students and professors. David Eisenbach, who teaches a popular class on U.S. presidents at Columbia, prefers the in-class variety. He believes students ultimately learn more and encourages them to form study groups. “That way they socialize over history outside the class, which wouldn’t happen without the pressure of an in-class exam,” he explained, “Furthermore, in-class exams force students to learn how to perform under pressure, and essential work skill.”[D] He also says there is less chance of cheating with the in-class variety. In 2012, 125 students at Harvard were caught up in a scandal when it was discovered they had cheated on a take-home exam for a class entitled “Introduction To Congress.” Some colleges have what they call an “honor code,” though if you are smart enough to get into these schools, you are either smart enough to get around any codes or hopefully, too ethical to consider doing so. As I satblocked and clueless for two solid days, I momentarily wondered if I couldn’t just call an expert on the subject matter which I was tackling, or someone who took the class previously, to get me going.[E] Following the Harvard scandal, Mary Miller, the former dean of students at Yale, made an impassioned appeal to her school’s professors to refrain from take-hone exams. “Students risk health and well being, as well as performance in other end-of-term work, when faculty offers take-home exams without clear, time-limited boundaries,” she told me. “Research now shows that regular quizzes, short essays, and other assignments over the course of a term better enhance learning and retention.”[F] Most college professors agree the kind of exam they choose largely depends on the subject. A quantitative-based one, for example, is unlikely to be sent home, where one could ask their older brothers and sisters to help. Vocational-type classes, such as computer science or journalism, on the other hand, are often more research-oriented and lend themselves to take-home testing. Chris Koch, who teaches “History of Broadcast Journalism” at Montgomery Community College in Rockville, Maryland, points out that reporting is about investigation rather than the memorization of minute details. “ In my field, it’s not what you know—it’s what you know how to find out,” says Koch. “ There is way too much information, and more coming all the time, for anyone to remember. I want my students to search out the answers to questions by using all the resources available to them.”[G] Students’ test-form preferences vary, too, often depending on the subject and course difficulty. “ I prefer take-home essays because it is then really about the writing, so you have time to edit and do more research,” says Elizabeth Dresser, a junior at Barnard. Then there is the stress factor. Francesca Haass, a senior at Middlebury, says, “ I find the in-class ones are more stressful in the short term, but there is immediate relief as you swallow information like mad, and then you get to forget it all. Take-homes require thoughtful engagement which can lead to longer term stress as there is never a moment when the time is up.” Meanwhile, Olivia Rubin, a sophomore at Emory, says she hardly even considers take-homes true exams. “ If you understand the material and have the ability to articulate (说出) your thoughts, they should be a breeze.”[H] How students ultimately handle stress may depend on their personal test-taking abilities. There are people who always wait until the last minute, and make it much harder than it needs tobe. And then there those who, not knowing what questions are coming at them, and having no resources to refer to, can freeze. And then there are we rare folks who fit both those descriptions.[I] Yes, my advanced age must factor into the equation (等式), in part because of my inability to access the information as quickly. As another returning student at Columbia, Kate Marber, told me, “ We are learning not only all this information, but essentially how to learn again. Our fellow students have just come out of high school. A lot has changed since we were last in school.”[J] If nothing else, the situation has given my college son and me something to share. When I asked his opinion on this matter, he responded, “ I like in-class exams because the time is already reserved, as opposed to using my free time at home to work on a test,” he responded. It seems to me that a compromise would be receiving the exam questions a day or two in advance, and then doing the actual test in class the ticking clock overhead.[K] Better yet, how about what one Hunter College professor reportedly did recently for her final exam: She encouraged the class not to stress or even study, promising that, “ It is going to be apiece of cake.” When the students came in, sharpened pencils in hand, there was not a blue book in sight. Rather, they saw a large chocolate cake and they each were given a slice.36. Elderly students find it hard to keep up with the rapid changes in education.37. Some believe take-home exams may affect students' performance in other courses.38. Certain professors believe in-class exams are ultimately more helpful to students.39. In-class exams are believed to discourage cheating in exams.40. The author was happy to learn she could do some exams at home.41. Students who put off their work until the last moment often find the exams more difficult than they actually are.42. Different students may prefer different types of exams.43. Most professors agree whether to give an in-class or a take-home exam depends on type of course being taught.44. The author dropped out of college some forty years ago.45. Some students think take-home exams will eat up their free time.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questionsor unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 and 50 are based on the following passage.That people often experience trouble sleeping in a different bed in unfamiliar surroundings is a phenomenon known as the “first-night”effect. If a person stays in the same room the following night they tend to sleep more soundly. Yuka Sasaki and her colleagues at Brown University set out to investigate the origins of this effect.Dr. Sasaki knew the first-night effect probably has something to do with how humans evolved. The puzzle was what benefit would be gained from it when performance might be affected the following day. She also knew from previous work conducted on birds and dolphins that these animals put half of their brains to sleep at a time so that they can rest while remaining alert enough to avoid predators (捕食者). This led her to wonder if people might be doing the same thing. To take a closer look, her team studied 35 healthy people as they slept in the unfamiliar environment of the university’s Department of Psychological Sciences. The participants each slept in the department for two nights and were carefully monitored with techniques that looked at the activity of their brains. Dr. Sasaki found, as expected, the participants slept less well on their first night than they did on their second, taking more than twice as long to fall asleep and sleeping less overall. During deep sleep, the participants’brains behaved in a similar manner seen in birds and dolphins. On the first night only, the left hemispheres (半球) of their brains did not sleep nearly as deeply as their right hemispheres did.Curious if the left hemispheres were indeed remaining awake to process information detected in the surrounding environment, Dr. Sasaki re-ran the experiment while presenting the sleeping participants with a mix of regularly timed beeps (蜂鸣声) of the same tone and irregular beeps of a different tone during the night. She worked out that, if the left hemisphere was staying alert to keep guard in a strange environment, then it would react to the irregular beeps by stirring people from sleep and would ignore the regularly timed ones. This is precisely what she found.46. What did researchers find puzzling about the first-night effect?A) To what extent it can trouble people. C) What circumstances may trigger it.B) What role it has played in evolution. D) In what way it can be beneficial.47. What do we learn about Dr. Yuka Sasaki doing her research?A) She found birds and dolphins remain alert while asleep.B) She found birds and dolphins sleep in much the same way.C) She got some idea from previous studies on birds and dolphins.D) She conducted studies on birds’ and dolphins ‘ sleeping patterns.48. What did Dr. Sasaki do when she first did her experiment?A) She monitored the brain activity of participants sleeping in a new environment.B) She recruited 35 participants from her Department of Psychological Sciences.C) She studied the differences between the two sides of participants’brains.D) She tested her findings about birds and dolphins on human subjects.49. What did Dr. Sasaki do when re-running her experiment?A) She analyzed the negative effect of irregular tones on brains.B) She recorded participants’ adaptation to changed environment.C) She exposed her participants to two different stimuli.D) She compared the responses of different participants.50. What did Dr. Sasaki find about the participants in her experiment?A) They tended to enjoy certain tones more than others.B) They tended to perceive irregular beeps as a threat.C) They felt sleepy when exposed to regular beeps.D) They differed in their tolerance of irregular tones.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.It’s time to reevaluate how women handle conflict at work. Being overworked or over-committed at home and on the job will not get you where you want to be in life. It will only slow you down and hinder your career goals.Did you know women are more likely than men to feel exhausted? Nearly twice as many women than men ages 18-44 reported feeling “ very tired ” or “ exhausted ”, according to a recent study.This may not be surprising given that this is the age range when women have children. It's also the age range when many women are trying to balance careers and home. One reason women may feel exhausted is that they have a hard time saying “ no." Women want to be able to do it all volunteer for school parties or cook delicious meals-and so their answer to any request is often “ Yes, I can.”Women struggle to say “ no " in the workplace for similar reasons, including the desire to be liked by their colleagues. Unfortunately, this inability to say “ no " may be hurting women's health as well as their career.At the workplace, men use conflict as a way to position themselves, while women often avoid conflict or strive to be the peacemaker, because they don't want to be viewed as aggressive or disruptive at work. For example, there’s a problem that needs to be addressed immediately, resulting in a dispute over should be the one to fix it. Men are more likely to face that dispute from the perspective of what benefits them most, whereas women may approach the same dispute from the perspective of what's the easiest and quickest way to resolve the problem-even if that means doing the boring work themselves.This difference in handling conflict could be the deciding factor on who gets promoted to a leadership position and who does not. Leaders have to be able to delegate and manage resources wisely –including staff expertise. Shouldering more of the workload may not earn you that promotion. Instead, it may highlight your inability to delegate effectively.51. What does the author say is the problem with women?A) They are often unclear about the career goals to reach.B) They are usually more committed at home than on the job.C) They tend to be over-optimistic about how far they could go.D) They tend to push themselves beyond the limits of their ability.52. Why do working women of child-bearing age tend to feel drained of energy?A) They struggle to satisfy the demands of both work and home.B) They are too devoted to work and unable to relax as a result.C) They do their best to cooperate with their workmates.D) They are obliged to take up too many responsibilities.53. What may hinder the future prospects of career women?A) Their unwillingness to say “ no ".B) Their desire to be considered powerful.C) An underestimate of their own ability.D) A lack of courage to face challenges.54. Men and woman differ in their approach to resolving workplace conflicts in that______.A) women tend to be easily satisfied C) men tend to put their personal interests firstB) men are generally more persuasive D) women are much more ready to compromise55. What is important to a good leader?A) A dominant personality. C) The courage to admit failure.B) The ability to delegate. D) A strong sense of responsibility.Part ⅣTranslation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.华山位于华阴市，据西安120公里。

2017年12月四级考试真题（第三套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)D1rect10ns: 凡r this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on how to best handle the relationship between doctors and patients. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension说明：2017年12月四级真题全国共考了两套听力。

本套的听力内容与第二套的完全一样，只是选项的顺序不一样而已。

Part ID Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section A．Directions: In th· is section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank f rom a list of cho即es given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before makingyour choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for eachitem on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bankmore than once.We all know there exists a greatvoid (空臼）in the public educational system when it comes to 26 to STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) courses. One educator named Dori Roberts decided to do something to change this system. Dori taught high school engineering for 11 years. She noticed there was a real void in quality STEM education at all 27 of the public educational system. She said, "I started Engineering For Kids (EFK) after noticing a real lack of math, science and engineering programs to 28 my own kids in. "She decided to start an afterschool program where children 29 in STEM-based competitions. The club grew quickly and when it reached控Q members and the kids in the program won several state 30 , she decided to devote all her time to cultivating and 31 it. The global business EFK was born.Dori began operating EFK out of her Virginia home, which she then expanded to 32 recreation centers. Today, the EFK program 33 over 144 branches in 32 states within the United States and in 21 countries. Sales have doubled from MYM5 million in 2014 to MYMlO million in 2015, with 25 new branches planned for 2016. The EFK website states, "Our nation is not 34 enough engineers. Our philosophy is to inspire kids at a young age to understand that engineering is a great 35 . "A)attracted B)career C)championshipsD)degrees E)developing F)enrollG)exposure H)feasible I)feedingJ)graduating K)interest L)levelsM)local N)operates0)parti cipa tedSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains 叫ormation given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived Youmay choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter: Answer the questions bymarking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Why aren't you curious about what happened?A)" You suspended Ray Rice after our video, " a reporter from TMZ challenged National Football LeagueCommissioner Roger Goodell the other day. "Why didn't you have the curiosity to go to the casino (赌场）yourself?" The implication of the question is that a more curious commissioner would have found a way to get the tape.B)The accusation of incuriosity is one that we hear often ,carrying the suggestion that there is something wrong withnot wanting to search out the truth. "I have been bothered for a long time about the curious lack of curiosity, "said a Democratic member of the New Jersey legislature back in July, referring to an insufficiently inquiring attitude on the part of an assistant to New Jersey Governor Chris Christie who chose not to ask hard questions about the George Washington Bridge traffic scandal. "Isn't the mainstream media the least bit curious about what happened?" wrote conservative writer Jennifer Rubin earlier this year, referring to the attack on Americans in Benghazi ,Libya.C)The implication, in each case, is that curiosity is a good thing, and a lack of curiosity is a problem. Are suchaccusations simply efforts to score political points for one's party? Or is there something of particular value about curiosity in and of itself?D)The journalist Ian Leslie, in his new and enjoyable book Curious: The Desire to Know and Why Your FutureD ep ends on It ,insists that the answer to that last question is'Yes'. Leslie argues that curiosity is a much­overlooked human virtue, crucial to our success, and that we are losing it.E)We are suffering, he writes, from a " s erendipity deficit. "The word " serendipity" was coined by HoraceWalpole in an 1854 letter, from a tale of three princes who "were always making discoveries, by accident, of things they were not in search of. " Leslie worries that the rise of the Internet ,among other social and technological changes, has reduced our appetite for aimless adventures. No longer have we the inclination to let ourselves wander through fields of knowledge, ready to be surprised. Instead, we seek only the information we want.F)Why is this a problem? Because without curiosity we will lose the spirit of innovation and entrepreneurship. Wewi且see unimaginative governments and dying corporations make disastrous decisions. We will lose a vital part of what has made humanity as a whole so successful as a species.G)Leslie presents considerable evidence for the proposition that the society as a whole is growing less curious. Inthe U.S. and Europe, for example, the rise of the Internet has led to a declining consumption of news from outside the reader's borders. But not everything is to be blamed on technology. The decline in interest in literary fiction is also one of the causes identified by Leslie. Reading literary fiction, he says, makes us more curious.H)Moreover, in order to be curious, "you have to be aware of a gap in your knowledge in the first place. "Although Leslie perhaps paints a bit broadly in contending that most of us are unaware of how much we don't know, he's surely right to point out that the problem is growing: "Google can give us the powerful illusion that all questions have definite answers. "I)Indeed ,Google ,for which Leslie expresses admiration ,is also his frequent whipping boy (替罪羊）. He quotes Google co-founder Larry Page to the effect that the "perfect search engine" will "understand exactly what I meanand give me back exactly what I want. "Elsewhere in the book, Leslie writes: "Google aims to save you from the thirst of curiosity altogether. "J)Somewhat nostalgically (怀旧地），he quotes John Maynard Keynes's justly famous words of praise to the bookstore: " O ne should enter it vaguely, almost in a dream, and allow what is there freely to attract and influence the eye. To walk the rounds of the bookshops, dipping in as curiosity dictates, should be an afternoon's entertainment. "If only!K)Citing the work of psychologists and cognitive (认知的）scientists, Leslie criticizes the received wisdom that academic success is the result of a combination of intellectual talent and hard work. Curiosity, he argues, is the third key factor—and a difficult one to preserve. If not cultivated, it will not survive: "Childhood curiosity is a collaboration between child and adult. The surest way to kill it is to leave it alone. "L)School education, he warns, is often conducted in a way that makes children incurious. Children of educated and upper-middle-class parents turn out to be far more curious, even at early ages, than children of working class and lower class families. That lack of curiosity produces a relative lack of knowledge, and the lack of knowledge is difficult if not impossible to compensate for later on.M)Although Leslie's book isnl about politics, he doesn't entirely shy away from the problem. Political leaders, like leaders of other organizations, should be curious. They should ask questions at crucial moments. There are serious consequences ,he warns ,in not wanting to know.N)He presents as an example the failure of the George W. Bush administration to prepare properly for the after­effects of the invasion of Iraq. According to Leslie, those who ridiculed former Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld for his 2002 remark that we have to be wary of the "unknown unknowns" were mistaken. Rumsfeld's idea, Leslie writes, "wasn't absurd—it was smart. "He adds, "The tragedy is that he didn't follow his own advice."0)All of which brings us back to Goodell and the Christie case and Benghazi. Each critic in those examples ischarging, in a different way, that someone in authority is intentionally being incurious. I leave it to the reader's political preference to decide which, if any, charges should stick. But let's be careful about demanding curiosity about the other side's weaknesses and remaining determinedly incurious about our own. We should be delighted to pursue knowledge for its own sake—even when what we find out is something we didn't particularly want to know.36.To be curious, we need to realize fi江st of all that there are many things we don't know.37.According to Leslie, curiosity is essential to one's success.38.We should feel happy when we pursue knowledge for knowledge's sake.39.Political leaders'lack of curiosity will result in bad consequences.40.There are often accusations about politicians'and the media's lack of curiosity to find out the truth.41.The less curious a child is, the less knowledge the child may turn out to have.42.It is widely accepted that academic accomplishment lies in both intelligence and diligence.43. V isiting a bookshop as curiosity leads us can be a good way to entertain ourselves.44. B oth the rise of the Internet and reduced appetite for literary fiction contribute to people's declining curiosity.45. M ankind wouldn't be so innovative without curiosity.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice andmark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Aging happens to all of us, and is generally thought of as a natural part of life. It would seem silly to call such a thing a "disease. "On the other hand, scientists are increasingly learning that aging and biological age are two different things ,and that the former is a key risk factor for conditions such as heart disease, cancer and many more. In that light, aging itself might be seen as something treatable, the way you would treat high blood pressure or a vitamin deficiency.Biophysicist Alex Zhavoronkov believes that aging should be considered a disease. He said that describing aging as a disease creates incentives to develop treatments." I t unties the hands of the pharmaceutical (制药的）industry so that they can begin treating the disease and not just the side effects , " he said." R ight now ,people think of aging as natural and something you can't control , " he said. "In academic circles , people take aging research as just an interest area where they can try to develop interventions. The medical community also takes aging for granted, and can do nothing about it except keep people within a certain health range.But if aging were recognized as a disease, he said, "It would attract funding and change the way we do health care. What matters is understanding that aging is curable. ""It was always known that the body accumulates damage, " he added. "The only way to cure aging is to find ways to repair that damage. I think of it as preventive medicine for age-related conditions. "Leonard Hayflick, a professor at the University of California, San Francisco, said the idea that aging can be cured implies the human lifespan can be increased, which some researchers suggest is possible. Hayflick is not among them."There're many people who recover from cancer, stroke, or heart disease. But they continue to age, because aging is separate from their disease, " Hayflick said. "Even if those causes of death were eliminated, life expectancy would still not go much beyond 92 years."46. W hat do people generally believe about aging?A)It should cause no alarm whatsoever.C)It should be regarded as a kind of disease.47. H ow do many scientists view aging now?A)It might be prevented and treated.C)It results from a vitamin deficiency.B)They just cannot do anything about it. D)They can delay it with advances in science.B)It can be as risky as heart disease.D)It is an irreversible biological process.48. W hat does Alex Zhavoronkov think of "describing aging as a disease" ?A)It will prompt people to take aging more seriously.B)It will greatly help reduce the side effects of aging.C)It will free pharmacists from the conventional beliefs about aging.D)It will motivate doctors and pharmacists to find ways to treat aging.49. W hat do we learn about the medical community?A)They now have a strong interest in research on aging.B)They differ from the academic circles in their view on aging.C)They can contribute to people's health only to a limited extent.D)They have ways to intervene in people's aging process.50.What does Professor Leonard Hayflick believe?A)The human lifespan cannot be prolonged.B)Aging is hardly separable from disease.C)Few people can live up to the age of 92.D) Heart disease is the major cause of aging.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Female applicants to postdoctoral positions in geosciences were nearly half as likely to receive excellent letters of recommendation, compared with their male counterparts. Christopher Intagliata reports.As in many other fields, gender bias is widespread in the sciences. Men score higher starting salaries, have more mentoring (指导），and have better odds of being hired. Studies show they're also perceived as more competent than women in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) fields. And new research reveals that men are more likely to receive excellent letters of recommendation, too."Say, you know, this is the best student I've ever had," says KuheliDutt, a social scientist and diversity officer at Columbia University's Lamont campus. "Compare those excellent letters with a merely good letter:'The candidate was productive, or intelligent, or a solid scientist or something that's clearly solid praise,'but nothing that singles out the candidate as exceptional or one of a kind. "Dutt and her colleagues studied more than 1 , 200 letters of recommendation for postdoctoral positions in geoscience. They were all edited for gender and other identifying information, so Dutt and her team could assign them a score without knowing the gender of the student. They found that female applicants were only half as likely to get outstanding letters, compared with their male counterparts. That includes letters of recommendation from all over the world, and written by, yes, men and women. The findings are in the journal Nature Geoscience.Dutt says they were not able to evaluate the actual scientific qualifications of the applicants using the data in the files. But she says the results still suggest women in geoscience are at a potential disadvantage from the very beginning of their careers starting with those less than outstanding letters of recommendation."We're not trying to assign blame or criticize anyone or call anyone consciously sexist. Rather, the point is to use the results of this study to open up meaningful dialogues on implicit gender bias, be it at a departmental level or an institutional level or even a discipline level. " Which may lead to some recommendations for the letter writers themselves.51.What do we learn about applicants to postdoctoral positions in geosciences?A)There are many more men applying than women.B)Chances for women to get the positions are scarce.C)More males than females are likely to get outstanding letters of recommendation.D)Male applicants have more interest in these positions than their female counterparts.52.What do studies about men and women in scientific research show?A)Women engaged in postdoctoral work are quickly catching up.B)Fewer women are applying for postdoctoral positions due to gender bias.C)Men are believed to be better able to excel in STEM disciplines.D)Women who are keenly interested in STEM fields are often exceptional.53.What do the studies find about the recommendation letters for women applicants?A)They are hardly ever supported by concrete examples.B)They contain nothing that distinguishes the applicants.C)They provide objective information without exaggeration.D)They are often filled with praise for exceptional applicants.54.What did Dutt and her colleagues do with the more than 1,200 letters of recommendation?A)They asked unbiased scholars to evaluate them.B)They invited women professionals to edit them.C)They assigned them randomly to reviewers.D)They deleted all information about gender.55.What does Dutt aim to do with her study?A)Raise recommendation writers'awareness of gender bias in their letters.B)Open up fresh avenues for women post-doctors to join in research work.C)Alert women researchers to all types of gender bias in the STEM disciplines.D)Start a public discussion on how to raise women's status in academic circles.Part IV Translation (30 minutes) Directions : 的r this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage f rom Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.黄山位于安徽省南部。

一1. Her little brother.2. By selling lemonade and pictures.3. Providing clean energy to five million people.4. They can be laid right on top of existing highways.5. Endless fighting in the region.6. To find evidence of the existence of the "lost lions".7. Lions' tracks.8. Her 'lucky birthday'.9. Threw her a surprise party. 10. The trip her husband has planned. 11. He is eager to learn how the couple's holiday turns out. 12. They are sensitive to the dynamics of a negotiation. 13. They know when to stop. 14. They learn quickly. 15. Get to know the other side. 16. How space research benefits people on Earth. 17. They developed objects for astronauts to use in outer space. 18. They are extremely accurate. 19. It marked the beginning of something new. 20. They believed working for goals. 21. Doing needlework by the fire. 22. Sit down and try to calm yourself 23. You may expose yourself to unexpected dangers. 24. Walk uphill. 25. Inform somebody of your plan. 1.她的小弟弟. 2.通过卖柠檬水和图片. 3.向五百万人提供清洁能源. 4.它们可以被放置在现有公路的顶部. 5.该地区无休止的战斗. 6.寻找证据的存在“迷失的狮子”. 7.狮子的足迹 8.她的“幸运生日”. 9.给她举行了一个惊喜派对 10.她丈夫计划的旅行. 11.他渴望了解这对夫妇的假期.事实证明. 12.它们对A 的动力学非常敏感.谈判. 13.他们知道什么时候停止. 14.他们学得很快. 15.了解对方.16.太空研究对地球人有何益处？ 17.他们开发了宇航员使用的物体.外层空间. 18.它们非常精确. 19.它标志着新事物的开始. 20.他们相信为目标而努力. 21.在炉火旁做针线活.22.坐下来试着让自己平静下来 23.你可能会暴露出意外的危险. 24.走上坡路. 25.通知某人你的计划.1.It has got one of its limbs injured.2.Its videos Were posted on social media.3.The distance travelled.4.Rush-hour traffic is worsening.5.He helped a stranger to carry groceries to his car.6.He raised a large sum of money for him.7.He is an excellent student at school.8.Attended an economics lecture.9.Attend his brothers birthday party. 10.Join him in his brother’s birthday celebration. 11.By train. 12.Taking a vacation abroad. 13.Working part time as a waiter. 14.Save enough money. 15.He has rich sailing experience. 16.She was also a Nobel Prize winner. 17.She developed X-ray facilities for military hospitals. 18.Both died of blood cancer. 19.They discovered Iceland in the ninth century. 20.It was a rocky mass of land covered with ice. 21.The Vikings’ ocean explorations. 22.Dream about the future. 23.Change what he has for his past imaginary world. 24.International business. 25.Be content with what you have.1.它的四肢受伤了.2.它的视频被张贴在社交媒体上.3.旅行的距离.4.交通高峰期交通正在恶化.5.他帮助一个陌生人把杂货运到他的车上.6.他为他筹集了一大笔钱.7.他是一名优秀的在校学生.8.参加经济学讲座.9.参加他兄弟的生日聚会. 10.和他一起参加他哥哥的生日庆祝活动. 11.乘火车. 12.出国度假. 13.做服务员的兼职工作. 14.存足够的钱.15.他有丰富的航海经验. 16.她也是诺贝尔奖得主. 17.她为军队医院研制了X 射线设备. 18.甲均死于血癌.19.他们在九世纪发现了冰岛. 20.是一块覆盖着冰的岩石土地. 21.Vikings 的海洋探险. 22.梦想未来.23.改变他对过去虚幻世界所拥有的一切. 24.国际商务. 25.满足你所拥有的一切.。

2017年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案（第一套）Part I Writing （25 minutes）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short easy on how to besthandle the relationship between doctors and patients. You should write at least 120 words but no more than words.Part II Listening Comprehension （25 minutes）Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A) Her friend Erika. C) Her grandfather.B) Her little brother. D) Her grandmother.2. A) By taking pictures for passers-by. C) By selling lemonade and pictures.B) By working part time at a hospital. D) By asking for help on social media.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A) Finding cheaper ways of highway construction.B) Generating electric power for passing vehicles.C) Providing clean energy to five million people.D) Testing the efficiency of the new solar panel.4. A) They can stand the wear and tear of natural elements.B) They can be laid right on top of existing highways.C) They are only about half an inch thick.D) They are made from cheap materials.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A) Endless fighting in the region. C) Inadequate funding for research.B) The hazards from the desert. D) The lack of clues about the species.6. A) To observe the wildlife in the two national parks.B) To identify the reasons for the lions’ disappearance.C) To study the habitat of lions in Sudan and Ethiopia.D) To find evidence of the existence of the “lost lions”.7. A) Lions walking. C) Some camping facilities.B) Lions’ tracks. D) Traps set by local hunters.Section BDirections：In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) Her ‘lucky birthday’. C) Her wedding anniversary.B) A call from her dad. D) A special gift from the man.9. A) Gave her a big model plane. C) Took her on a trip overseas.B) Bought her a good necklace. D) Threw her a surprise party.10. A) The gift her husband has bought.B) The trip her husband has planned.C) What has been troubling her husband.D) What her husband and the man are up to.11. A) He will be glad to be a guide for the couple’s holiday trip.B) He will tell the women the secret if her husband agrees.C) He is eager to learn how the couple’s holiday turns out.D) He wants to find out about the couple’s holiday plan.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) They are sensitive to the dynamics of a negotiation.B) They see the importance of making compromises.C) They know when to adopt a tough attitude.D) They take the rival’s attitude into account.13. A) They know how to adapt. C) They know when to make compromises.B) They know when to stop. D) They know how to control their emotion.14. A) They are patient. C) They learn quickly.B) They are good at expression. D) They uphold their principles.15. A) Make clear one's intentions. C) Formulate one's strategy.B) Clarify items of negotiation. D) Get to know the other side.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you willhear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken onlyonce. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), D). Then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) When America's earliest space program started.B) When the International Space Station was built.C) How many space shuttle missions there will be.D) How space research benefits people on Earth.17. A) They accurately calculated the speed of the orbiting shuttles.B) They developed objects for astronauts to use in outer space.C) They tried to meet astronauts' specific requirements.D) They tried to make best use of the latest technology.18. A) They are extremely accurate. C) They were first made in space.B) They are expensive to make. D) They were invented in the 1970s.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) It was when her ancestors came to America.B) People had plenty of land to cultivate then.C) It marked the beginning of something new.D) Everything was natural and genuine then.20. A) They believed in working for goals. C) They had all kinds of entertainment.B) They enjoyed living a living a life of ease. D) They were known to be creative.21. A) Chatting with her ancestors. C) Polishing all the silver work.B) Furnishing her country house. D) Doing needlework by the fire.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A) Use a map to identify your location. C) Sit down and try to calm yourself.B) Call your family or friends for help. D) Try to follow your footprints back.23. A) You may find a way out without your knowing it.B) You may expose yourself to unexpected dangers.C) You may get drowned in a sudden flood.D) You may end up entering a wonderland.24. A) Look for food. C) Start a fire.B) Wait patiently. D) Walk uphill.25. A) Inform somebody of your plan. C) Check the local weather.B) Prepare enough food and drink. D) Find a map and a compass.Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes )Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.A rat or pigeon might not be the obvious choice to tend to someone who is sick, but these creatures have some 26 skills that could help the treatment of human diseases.Pigeons are often seen as dirty birds and an urban 27 , but they are just the latest in a long line of animals that have been found to have abilities to help humans. Despite having a brain no bigger than the 28 of your index finger, pigeons have a very impressive 29__ memory. Recently it was shown that they could be trained to be as accurate as humans at detecting breast cancer in images.Rats are often 30 with spreading disease rather than 31 it, but this long-tailed animal is highly 32 . Inside a rat's nose are up to 1,000 different types of olfactory receptors （嗅觉感受器）, whereas humans only have 100 to 200 types. This gives rats the ability to detect __33 smells. As a result, some rats are being put to work to detect TB（肺结核）. When the rats detect the smell, they stop and rub their legs to 34 a sample is infected.Traditionally, a hundred samples would take lab technicians more than two days to 35 , but for a rat it takes less than 20 minutes. This rat detection method doesn't rely on specialist equipment. It is also more accurate — the rats are able to find more TB infections and, therefore, save more lives.A) associated I) slightB) examine J) specifyC) indicate K) superiorD) nuisance L) suspiciousE) peak M) tipF) preventing N) treatedG) prohibiting O) visualH) sensitiveSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Do In-Class Exams Make Students Study Harder?Research suggests they may study more broadly for the unexpected rather than search for answers.[A] I have always been a poor test-taker. So it may seem rather strange that I have returned to college to finish the degree I left undone some four decades ago. I am making my way through Columbia University, surrounded by students who quickly supply the verbal answer while I am still processing the question.[B] Since there is no way for me to avoid exams, I am currently questioning what kind are the most taxing and ultimately beneficial. I have already sweated through numerous in-class midterms and finals, and now I have a professor who issuestake-home ones. I was excited when I learned this, figuring I had a full week to do the research, read the texts, and write it all up. In fact, I was still rewriting my midterm the morning it was due. To say I had lost the thread is putting it mildly.[C] As I was suffering through my week of anxiety, overthinking the material and guessing my grasp of it, I did some of my own polling among students and professors. David Eisenbach, who teaches a popular class on U.S. presidents at Columbia, prefers the in-class variety. He believes students ultimately learn more and encourages them to form study groups. “That way they socialize over history outside the class, which wouldn’t happen without the pressure of an in-class exam,” he explained,“Furthermore, in-class exams force students to learn how to perform under pressure, and essential work skill.”[D] He also says there is less chance of cheating with the in-class variety. In 2012, 125 students at Harvard were caught up in a scandal when it was discovered they had cheated on a take-home exam for a class entitled “Introduction To Congress.”Some colleges have what they call an “honor code,” though if you are smart enough to get into these schools, you are either smart enough to get around any codes or hopefully, too ethical to consider doing so. As I sat blocked and clueless for two solid days, I momentarily wondered if I couldn’t just call an expert on the subject matter which I was tackling, or someone who took the class previously, to get me going.[E] Following the Harvard scandal, Mary Miller, the former dean of students at Yale, made an impassioned appeal to her school’s professors to refrain fromtake-hone exams. “Students risk health and well being, as well as performance in other end-of-term work, when faculty offers take-home exams without clear,time-limited boundaries,” she told me. “Research now shows that regular quizzes, short essays, and other assignments over the course of a term better enhance learning and retention.”[F] Most college professors agree the kind of exam they choose largely depends on the subject. A quantitative-based one, for example, is unlikely to be sent home, where one could ask their older brothers and sisters to help. Vocational-type classes, such as computer science or journalism, on the other hand, are often more research-oriented and lend themselves to take-home testing. Chris Koch, who teaches “History of Broadcast Journalism” at Montgomery Community College in Rockville, Maryland, points out that reporting is about investigation rather than the memorization of minute details. “In my field, it’s not what you know—it’s what you know how to find out,” says Koch. “There is way too much information, and more coming all the time, for anyone to remember. I want my students to search out the answers to questions by using all the resources available to them.[G] Students’ test-form preferences vary, too, often depending on the subject and course difficulty. “I prefer take-home essays because it is then really about the writing, so you have time to edit and do more research,” says Elizabeth Dresser, a junior at Barnard. Then there is the stress factor. Francesca Haass, a senior at Middlebury, says, “I find the in-class ones are more stressful in the short term, butthere is immediate relief as you swallow information like mad, and then you get to forget it all. Take-homes require thoughtful engagement which can lead to longer term stress as there is never a moment when the time is up.” Meanwhile, Olivia Rubin, a sophomore at Emory, says she hardly even considers take-homes true exams. “If you understand the material and have the ability to articulate (说出) your thoughts, they should be a breeze.”[H] How students ultimately handle stress may depend on their personaltest-taking abilities. There are people who always wait until the last minute, and make it much harder than it needs to be. And then there those who, not knowing what questions are coming at them, and having no resources to refer to, can freeze. And then there are we rare folks who fit both those descriptions.[I] Yes, my advanced age must factor into the equation (等式), in part because of my inability toaccess the information as quickly. As another returning student at Columbia, Kate Marber, toldme, “We are learning not only all this information, but essentially how to learn again. Ourfellow students have just come out of high school. A lot has changed since we were last inschool.”[J] If nothing else, the situation has given my college son and me something to share, When Iasked his opinion on this matter, he responded, “I like in-class exams because the time isalready reserved, as opposed to using my free time at home to work on a test,”he responded.It seems to me that a compromise would be receiving the exam questions a day or two inadvance, and then doing the actual test in class the ticking clock overhead.[K] Better yet, how about what one Hunter College professor reportedly did recently for her finalexam: She encouraged the class not to stress or even study, promising that, “It is going to be apiece of cake.” When the students came in, sharpened pencils in hand, there was not a bluebook in sight. Rather, they saw a large chocolate cake and they each were givena slice.36. Elderly students find it hard to keep up with the rapid changes in education.37. Some believe take-home exams may affect students' performance in other courses.38. Certain professors believe in-class exams are ultimately more helpful to students.39. In-class exams are believed to discourage cheating in exams.40. The author was happy to learn she could do some exams at home.41. Students who put off their work until the last moment often find the exams more difficult thanthey actually are.42. Different students may prefer different types of exams.43. Most professors agree whether to give an in-class or a take-home exam depends on type ofcourse being taught.44. The author dropped out of college some forty years ago.45. Some students think take-home exams will eat up their free time.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 and 50 are based on the following passage.That people often experience trouble sleeping in a different bed in unfamiliar surroundings is a phenomenon known as the “first-night” effect. If a person stays in the same room the following night they tend to sleep more soundly. Yuka Sasaki and her colleagues at Brown University set out to investigate the origins of this effect.Dr. Sasaki knew the first-night effect probably has something to do with how humans evolved. The puzzle was what benefit would be gained from it whenperformance might be affected the following day. She also knew from previous work conducted on birds and dolphins that these animals put half of their brains to sleep at a time so that they can rest while remaining alert enough to avoid predators (捕食者). This led her to wonder if people might be doing the same thing. To take a closer look, her team studied 35 healthy people as they slept in the unfamiliar environment of the university’s Department of Psychological Sciences. The participants each slept in the department for two nights and were carefully monitored with techniques that looked at the activity of their brains. Dr. Sasaki found, as expected, the participants slept less well on their first night than they did on their second, taking more than twice as long to fall asleep and sleeping less overall. During deep sleep, the participants’ brains behaved in a similar manner seen in birds and dolphins. On the first night only, the left hemispheres (半球) of their brains did not sleep nearly as deeply as their right hemispheres did.Curious if the left hemispheres were indeed remaining awake to process information detected in the surrounding environment, Dr. Sasaki re-ran the experiment while presenting the sleeping participants with a mix of regularly timed beeps (蜂鸣声) of the same tone and irregular beeps of a different tone during the night. She worked out that, if the left hemisphere was staying alert to keep guard in a strange environment, then it would react to the irregular beeps by stirring people from sleep and would ignore the regularly timed ones. This is precisely what she found.46. What did researchers find puzzling about the first-night effect?A) To what extent it can trouble people. C) What circumstances may trigger it.B) What role it has played in evolution. D) In what way it can be beneficial.47. What do we learn about Dr. Yuka Sasaki doing her research?A) She found birds and dolphins remain alert while asleep.B) She found birds and dolphins sleep in much the same way.C) She got some idea from previous studies on birds and dolphinsD) She conducted studies on birds’ and dolphins’ sleeping patterns.48. What did Dr. Sasaki do when she first did her experiment?A) She monitored the brain activity of participants sleeping in a new environment.B) She recruited 35 participants from her Department of Psychological Sciences.C) She studied the differences between the two sides of participants’ brains.D) She tested her findings about birds and dolphins on human subjects.49. What did Dr. Sasaki do when re-running her experiment?A) She analyzed the negative effect of irregular tones on brains.B) She recorded participants’ adaptation to changed environment.C) She exposed her participants to two different stimuli.D) She compared the responses of different participants.50. What did Dr. Sasaki find about the participants in her experiment?A) They tended to enjoy certain tones more than others.B) They tended to perceive irregular beeps as a threat.C) They felt sleepy when exposed to regular beeps.D) They differed in their tolerance of irregular tones.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.It’s time to reevaluate how women handle conflict at work. Being overworked or over-committed at home and on the job will not get you where you want to be in life. It will only slow you down and hinder your career goals.Did you know women are more likely than men to feel exhausted? Nearly twice as many women than men ages 18-44 reported feeling “very tired” or “exhausted”, according to a recent study.This may not be surprising given that this is the age range when women have children. It's also the age range when many women are trying to balance careers and home. One reason women may feel exhausted is that they have a hard time saying "no." Women want to be able todo it all volunteer for school parties or cook delicious meals-and so their answer to any request is often “Yes, I can.”Women struggle to say “no” in the workplace for similar reasons, including the desire to be liked by their colleagues. Unfortunately, this inability to say "no" may be hurting women's heath as well as their career.At the workplace, men use conflict as a way to position themselves, while women often avoid conflict or strive to be the peacemaker, because they don't want to be viewed as aggressive or disruptive at work. For example, there’s a problem that needs to be addressed immediately, resulting in a dispute over should be the one to fix it. Men are more likely to face that dispute from the perspective of what benefitsthem most, whereas women may approach the same dispute from the perspective of what's the easiest and quickest way to resolve the problem-evenif that means doing the boring work themselves.This difference in handling conflict could be the deciding factor on who gets promoted to a leadership position and who does not. Leaders have to be able to delegate and manage resources wisely – including staff expertise. Shouldering more of the workload may not earn you that promotion. Instead, it may highlight your inability to delegate effectively.51. What does the author say is the problem with women?A) They are often unclear about the career goals to reach.B) They are usually more committed at home than on the job.C) They tend to be over-optimistic about how far they could go.D) They tend to push themselves beyond the limits of their ability.52. Why do working women of child-bearing age tend to feel drained of energy?A) They struggle to satisfy the demands of both work and home.B) They are too devoted to work and unable to relax as a result.C) They do their best to cooperate with their workmates.D) They are obliged to take up too many responsibilities.53. What may hinder the future prospects of career women?A) Their unwillingness to say “no”.B) Their desire to be considered powerful.C) An underestimate of their own ability.D) A lack of courage to face challenges.54. Men and woman differ in their approach to resolving workplace conflicts in that______.A) women tend to be easily satisfiedB) men are generally more persuasiveC) men tend to put their personal interests firstD) women are much more ready to compromise55. What is important to a good leader?A) A dominant personality. C) The courage to admit failureB) The ability to delegate. D) A strong sense of responsibility.Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese intoEnglish. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.华山位于华阴市，据120公里。

2017年12⽉英语四级真题卷⼀和答案解析2017年12 ⽉⼤学英语四级考试真题（第1 套）Part I Writing (30minutes)（请于正式开考后半⼩时内完成该部分，之后将进⾏听⼒考试）Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on how to best handle the relationship between parents and children. You should write at least120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A) Her grandfather. C) Her friend Erika.B)Her grandmother. D) Her little brother.2.A) By taking pictures for passers-by. C) By working part time at a hospital.B)By selling lemonade and pictures. D) By asking for help on social media.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3.A) Testing the efficiency of the new solar panel.B)Providing clean energy to five million people.C)Generating electric power for passing vehicles.D)Finding cheaper ways of highway construction.4.A) They are only about half an inch thick. B) They are made from cheap materials.C)They can be laid right on top of existing highways.D)They can stand the wear and tear of natural elements.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5.A) The lack of clues about the species. C) Endless fighting in the region. B) Inadequate funding for research. D) The hazards from the desert.6.A) To observe the wildlife in the two national parks.B)To study the habitat of lions in Sudan and Ethiopia.C)To identify the reasons for the lions’ disappearance.D)To find evidence of the existence of the “lost lions”.7.A) Lions’ tracks. C) Some camping facilities.B)Lions walking. D) Traps set by local hunters.Section BDirections：In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with asingle line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) A special gift from the man. C) A call from her dad.B) Her wedding anniversary. D) Her ‘lucky birthday’.9. A) Threw her a surprise party. C) Bought her a gold necklace.B) Took her on a trip overseas. D) Gave her a big model plane.10.A) What her husband and the man are up to. B)What has been troubling her husband.C)The trip her husband has planned.D)The gift her husband has bought.11.A) He wants to find out about the couple’s holidayplan.B)He is eager to learn how the couple’s holiday turns out.C)He will tell the women the secret if her husband agrees.D)He will be glad to be a guide for the couple’s holiday trip.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A) They take the rival’s attitude into account. B)They know when to adopt a tough attitude.C)They see the importance of making compromises.D)They are sensitive to the dynamics of a negotiation.13. A) They know when to stop. C) They know when to make compromises.B) They know how to adapt. D) They know how to control their emotion.14. A) They are patient. C) They are good at expression.B) They learn quickly. D) They uphold their principles.15. A) Clarify items of negotiation. C) Get to know the other side.B) Make clear one's intentions. D) Formulate one's strategy.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A) How space research benefits people on Earth.B)When the International Space Station was built.C)How many space shuttle missions there will be.D)When America's earliest space program started.17.A) They tried to make best use of the latest technology. B) They tried to meet astronauts' specificrequirements.C)They developed objects for astronauts to use in outer space.D)They accurately calculated the speed of the orbiting shuttles.18.A) They are expensive to make. C) They were first made in space.B)They are extremely accurate. D) They were invented in the 1970s.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A) Everything was natural and genuine then.B)People had plenty of land to cultivate then. C) It marked the beginning of something new.D) It was when her ancestors came to America.20.A) They were known to be creative. C) They had all kinds of entertainment. B) They enjoyedliving a living a life of ease. D) They believed in working for goals.21.A) Chatting with her ancestors. C) Furnishing her country house. B) Doing needlework by the fire.D) Polishing all the silver work. Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A) Sit down and try to calm yourself. C) Use a map to identify your location.B)Call your family or friends for help. D) Try to follow your footprints back.23.A) You may end up entering a wonderland. B) You may get drowned in a sudden flood.C)You may expose yourself to unexpected dangers.D)You may find a way out without your knowing it.24. A) Wait patiently. C) Start a fire.B) Look for food. D) Walk uphill.25. A) Check the local weather. C) Prepare enough food and drink.B) Find a map and a compass. D) Inform somebody of your plan.Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes )Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.A rat or pigeon might not be the obvious choice to tend to someone who is sick, but these creatures have some 26 skills that could help the treatment of human diseases.Pigeons are often seen as dirty birds and an urban 27 , but they are just the latest in a long line of animals that have been found to have abilities to help humans. Despite having a brain no bigger than the 28 of your index finger, pigeons have a very impressive 29 memory. Recently it was shown that they could be trained to be as accurate as humans at detecting breast cancer in images.Rats are often 30 with spreading disease rather than 31 it, but this long-tailed animal is highly 32 . Inside a rat's nose are up to 1,000 different types of olfactory receptors (嗅觉感受器), whereas humans only have 100 to 200 types. This gives rats the ability to detect 33 smells. As a result, some rats are being put to work to detect TB(肺结核). When the rats detect the smell, they stop and rub their legs to 34 a sample is infected.Traditionally, a hundred samples would take lab technicians more than two days to 35 , but for a rat it takes less than 20 minutes. This rat detection method doesn't rely on specialist equipment. It is also more accurate — the rats are able to find more TB infections and, therefore, save more lives.Section BDirections:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Do In-Class Exams Make Students Study Harder?Research suggests they may study more broadly for the unexpected rather than search for answers.[A]I have always been a poor test-taker. So it may seem rather strange that I have returned to college to finish the degree I left undone some four decades ago. I am making my way through Columbia University, surrounded by students who quickly supply the verbal answer while I am still processing the question.[B]Since there is no way for me to avoid exams, I am currently questioning what kind are the most taxing and ultimately beneficial. I have already sweated through numerous in-class midterms and finals, and now I have a professor who issues take-home ones. I was excited when I learned this, figuring I had a full week to do the research, read the texts, and write it all up. In fact, I was still rewriting my midterm the morning it was due. To say I had lost the thread is putting it mildly. [C]As I was suffering through my week of anxiety, overthinking the material and guessing my grasp of it, I did some of my own polling among students and professors. David Eisenbach, who teaches a popular class on U.S. presidents at Columbia, prefers the in-class variety. He believes students ultimately learn more and encourages them to form study groups.“That way they socialize over history outside the class, which wouldn’t happen without the press ure of an in-class exam,” he explained, “Furthermore, in-class exams force students to learn how to perform under pressure, and essential work skill.”[D] He also says there is less chance of cheating with the in-class variety. In 2012, 125 students at Harvard were caught up in a scandal when it was discovered they had cheated on a take-home exam for a class entitled “Introduction To Congress.”Some colleges have what they call an “honor code,” though if you are smart enough to get into these schools, you are either smart enough to get around any codes or hopefully, too ethical to consider doing so. As I sat blocked and clueless for two solid days, I momentarily wondered if I couldn’t just call an expert on the subject matter which I was tackling, or someone who took the class previously, to get me going.[E]Following the Harvard scandal, Mary Miller, the former dean of students at Yale, made an impassioned appeal to her school’s professors to refrain from take-hone exams. “Students risk health and well bein g, as well as performance in other end-of-term work, when faculty offers take-home exams without clear, time-limited boundaries,” she told me. “Research now shows that regular quizzes, short essays, and other assignments over the course of a term better e nhance learning and retention.”[F]Most college professors agree the kind of exam they choose largely depends on the subject. A quantitative-based one, for example, is unlikely to be sent home, where one could ask their older brothers and sisters to help. Vocational-type classes, such as computer science or journalism, on the other hand, are often more research-oriented and lend themselves to take-home testing. Chris Koch, who teaches “History of Broadcast Journalism” at Montgomery Community College in Rockvi lle, Maryland, points out that reporting is about investigation rather than the memorization of minute details. “In my field, it’s not what you know—it’s what you know how to find out,” says Koch. “There is way too much information, and more coming all the time, for anyone to remember. I want my students to search out the answers to questions by using all the resources available to them.[G]Students’ test-form preferences vary, too, often depending on the subject and course difficulty. “I prefer take-home essays because it is then really about the writing, so you have time to edit and do more research,” says Elizabeth Dresser, a junior at Barnard. Then there is the stress factor. Francesca Haass, a senior at Middlebury, says, “I find the in-class ones are more stressful in the short term, but there is immediate relief as you swallow information like mad, and then you get to forget it all. Take-homes require thoughtful engagement which can lead to longer term stress as there is never a moment when the time is up.” Meanwhile, Olivia Rubin, a sophomore at Emory, says she hardly even considers take-homes true exams. “If you understand the material and have the ability to articulate (说出) your thoughts, they should be a breeze.” [H] How students ultimately handle stress may depend on their personal test-taking abilities. There are people who always wait until the last minute, and make it much harder than it needs to be. And then there those who, not knowing what questions are coming at them, and having no resources to refer to, can freeze. And then there are we rare folks who fit both those descriptions.[I]Yes, my advanced age must factor into the equation (等式), in part because of my inability to access the information asquickly. A s another returning student at Columbia, Kate Marber, told me, “We are learning not only all this information, but essentially how to learn again. Our fellow students have just come out of high school. A lot has changed since we were last in school.”[J]If nothing else, the situation has given my college son and me something to share, When I asked his opinion on this matter, he responded, “I like in-class exams because the time is already reserved, as opposed to using my free time at home to work on a test,” he responded. It seems to me that a compromise would be receiving the exam questions a day or two in advance, and then doing the actual test in class the ticking clock overhead.[K]Better yet, how about what one Hunter College professor reportedly did recently for her final exam: She encouraged the class not to stress or even study, promising that, “It is going to be apiece of cake.” When the students came in, sharpened pencils in hand, there was not a bluebook in sight. Rather, they saw a large chocolate cake and they each were given a slice.36.Elderly students find it hard to keep up with the rapid changes in education.37.Some believe take-home exams may affect students' performance in other courses.38.Certain professors believe in-class exams are ultimately more helpful to students.39.In-class exams are believed to discourage cheating in exams.40.The author was happy to learn she could do some exams at home.41.Students who put off their work until the last moment often find the exams more difficult than they actually are.42.Different students may prefer different types of exams.43.Most professors agree whether to give an in-class or a take-home exam depends on type of course being taught.44.The author dropped out of college some forty years ago.45.Some students think take-home exams will eat up their free time.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 and 50 are based on the following passage.That people often experience trouble sleeping in a different bed in unfamiliar surroundings is a phenomenon known as the “first-night” effect. If a person stays in the same room the following night they tend to sleep more soundly. Yuka Sasaki and her colleagues at Brown University set out to investigate the origins of this effect.Dr. Sasaki knew the first-night effect probably has something to do with how humans evolved. The puzzle was what benefit would be gained from it when performance might be affected the following day. She also knew from previous work conducted on birds and dolphins that these animals put half of their brains to sleep at a time so that they can rest while remaining alert enough to avoid predators (捕⾷者). This led her to wonder if people might be doing the same thing. To take a closer look, her team studied 35 healthy people as they slept in the unfamiliar environme nt of the university’s Department of Psychological Sciences. The participants each slept in the department for two nights and were carefully monitored with techniques that looked at the activity of their brains. Dr. Sasaki found, as expected, the participants slept less well on theirfirst night than they did on their second, taking more than twice as long to fall asleep and sleeping less overall. During deep sleep, the participants’ brains behaved in a similar manner seen in birds and dolphins. On the firs t night only, the left hemispheres (半球) of their brains did not sleep nearly as deeply as their right hemispheres did.Curious if the left hemispheres were indeed remaining awake to process information detected in the surrounding environment, Dr. Sasaki re-ran the experiment while presenting the sleeping participants with a mix of regularly timed beeps (蜂鸣声) of the same tone and irregular beeps of a different tone during the night. She worked out that, if the left hemisphere was staying alert to keep guard in a strange environment, then it would react to the irregular beeps by stirring people from sleep and would ignore the regularly timed ones. This is precisely what she found.46.What did researchers find puzzling about the first-night effect?A)To what extent it can trouble people. C) What circumstances may trigger it.B)What role it has played in evolution. D) In what way it can be beneficial.47.What do we learn about Dr. Yuka Sasaki doing her research? A) She found birds and dolphins remain alert while asleep.B) She found birds and dolphins sleep in much the same way. C)She got some idea from previous studies on birds and dolphinsD) She conducted studies on birds’ and dolphins’ sleeping patterns.48.What did Dr. Sasaki do when she first did her experiment?A)She monitored the brain activity of participants sleeping in a new environment.B)She recruited 35 participants from her Department of Psychological Sciences.C)She studied the differences between the two sides of participants’ brains.D)She tested her findings about birds and dolphins on human subjects.49.What did Dr. Sasaki do when re-running her experiment?A)She analyzed the negative effect of irregular tones on brains.B)She recorded participants’ adaptation to changed environment.C)She exposed her participants to two different stimuli.D)She compared the responses of different participants.50.What did Dr. Sasaki find about the participants in her experiment? A) They tended to enjoy certain tones more than others.B)They tended to perceive irregular beeps as a threat.C)They felt sleepy when exposed to regular beeps.D)They differed in their tolerance of irregular tones.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.It’s time to reevaluate how women handle conf lict at work. Being overworked or over-committed at home and on the job will not get you where you want to be in life. It will only slow you down and hinder your career goals.Did you know women are more likely than men to feel exhausted? Nearly twice as many women than men ages 18-44 reported feeling “very tired” or “exhausted”, according to a recent study.This may not be surprising given that this is the age range when women have children. It's also the age range when many women are trying to balance careers and home. One reason women may feel exhausted is that they have a hard time saying "no." Women want to be able to do it all volunteer for school parties or cook delicious meals-and so their answer to any request is often “Yes, I can.”Women struggle to say “no” in the workplace for similar reasons, including the desire to be liked by their colleagues. Unfortunately, this inability to say "no" may be hurting women's heath as well as their career.At the workplace, men use conflict as a way to position themselves, while women often avoid conflict or strive to be the peacemaker, because they don't want to be viewed as aggressive or disruptive at work. For example, ther e’s a problem that needs to be addressed immediately, resulting in a dispute over should be the one to fix it. Men are more likely to face that dispute from the perspective of what benefits them most, whereas women may approach the same dispute from the perspective of what's the easiest and quickest way to resolve the problem-even if that means doing the boring work themselves.This difference in handling conflict could be the deciding factor on who gets promoted to a leadership position and who does not. Leaders have to be able to delegate and manage resources wisely – including staff expertise. Shouldering more of the workload may not earn you that promotion. Instead, it may highlight your inability to delegate effectively.51.What does the author say is the problem with women?A)They are often unclear about the career goals to reach.B)They are usually more committed at home than on the job.C)They tend to be over-optimistic about how far they could go.D)They tend to push themselves beyond the limits of their ability.52.Why do working women of child-bearing age tend to feel drained of energy? A) They struggle to satisfy the demandsof both work and home.B)They are too devoted to work and unable to relax as a result.C)They do their best to cooperate with their workmates.D)They are obliged to take up too many responsibilities.53.What may hinder the future prospects of career women?A)Their unwillingness to say “no”.B)Their desire to be considered powerful.C)An underestimate of their own ability.D)A lack of courage to face challenges.54.Men and woman differ in their approach to resolving workplace conflicts in that______.A)women tend to be easily satisfiedB)men are generally more persuasiveC)men tend to put their personal interests first D) women are much more ready to compromise55.What is important to a good leader?A)A dominant personality. C) The courage to admit failure B) The ability to delegate. D) A strong sense of responsibility.Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese intoEnglish. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.泰⼭位于⼭东省西部。

2017年12月大学英语四级真题及答案解析(全三套) 四级听力第一套：News Report 1A 9-year-old girl in New Mexico has raised more than $500 for her little brother who needs heart surgery in Houston, Texas this July. Addison Witulski's grandmother Kim Allred, said Addison probably overheard a conversation between family members talking about the funds needed to get her little brother to treatment. "I guess she overheard her grandfather and me talking about how we're worried about how we're going to get to Houston, for my grandson's heart surgery," said Allred. She decided to go outside and have a lemonade stand and make some drawings and pictures and sell them.” That's when Addison and her friends Erika and Emily Borden decided to sell lemonade for 50 cents a cup and sell pictures for 25 cents each.Before Allred knew it, New Mexico State Police Officers were among the many stopping by helping them reach a total of $568. The family turned to social media expressing their gratitude saying, "From the bottom of our hearts, we would like to deeply thank each and every person that stopped by!"1: Who did Addison raise the money for?2: How did Addison raise the money?1.D) Her little brother.2.B) By selling lemonade and pictures.News Report 2:Last week, France announced that the country will pave 621 miles of road with solar panels over the next five years with the goal of providing cheap, renewable energy to fivemillion people. Called the Ward Way, the roads will be built through joint efforts with the French road building company Colas and the National Institute of Solar Energy. The company spent the last five years developing solar panels that are only about a quarter of inch thick and are strong enough to stand up to heavy highway traffic without breaking or making the roads more slippery. The panels are also designed so that they can be installed directly on top of the existing roadways, making them relatively cheap and easy to install. France is the first country to kick around the idea of paving its roads with solar panels. In November 2015, the Netherlands completed a 229-foot long bike path paved with solar panels as a test for future projects. However, this is the first time a panel has been designed to be laid directly on top existing roads and the first project to install the panels on public highways.3: What was France’s purpose of constructing the Ward Way?4: What is special about the solar panels used in the Ward Way?3.B) Providing clean energy to five million people.4.C) They can be laid right on top of existing highways.News Report 3Lions have disappeared from much of Africa, but for the past few years scientists have wondered if the big cats were hanging on in remote parts of Sudan and Ethiopia. Continuous fighting in the region has made surveys difficult. But scientists released a report Monday documenting with hard evidence the discovery of "lost lions." A team with Oxford University’s Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, supported by a charity organization, spent two nights in November camping in a national park in northwest Ethiopia on the Ethiopia-Sudan border. The researchers set out six camera traps, capturing images of lions, and the identified lion tracks. The scientists concluded that lions are also likely to live in a neighboring national park across the border in Sudan. The International Union for Conservation of Nature had previously considered the area a"possible range" for the species, and local people had reported seeing lions in the area, but no one presented convincing evidence.5: What has made it difficult to survey lions in remote parts of Sudan and Ethiopia?6: What was the main purpose of the research?7: What did the researchers find in the national park?5.C)Endless fighing in the region.6.D)To find evidence of the lions'disappearance.7.A)Lions'tracks.Conversation OneM: I beg you’re looking forward to the end of this month. Aren’t you?W: Yes, I am. How did you know?M: David told me you had a special birthday coming up.W: Oh, yes. That’s right. This year would be my golden birthday.M: What does that mean? I’ve never heard of a golden birthday.W: I’ve actually just learned of this concept myself. Fortunately, just in time to celebrate. A golden or lucky birthday is when one turns the age of their birth date. So, for example, my sister’s birthday is December 9th and her golden birthday would have been the year she turns 9 years old. Come to think of it , my parents did throw her a surprise party that year. M: Interesting. Too bad I missed mine. My golden birthday would’ve been four years ago. I assumedly got a big plan then.W: Actually yes. My husband is planning a surprise holiday for the two of us next week. I have no idea what he’s gotten in mind, but I’m excited to find out. Has he mentioned anything to you?M: He might have.W: Anything you’d like to share? I’m dying to know what kind of tr ip he has planned where we’re going.M: Yeah, nothing at all.W: Not a clue. Hard to imagine, isn’t it! Though I must say, I think it has been even more fun keeping the secret for me the past few weeks.M: I’m sure both of you will have a fantastic time. Happy golden birthday! I can’t wait to hear all about it when you get back.8. What does the woman looking forward to?9. What did the woman’s parents do on her sister’s lucky birthday?10. What is the woman eager to find out about?11. What does the man say at the end of the conversation?8.D) Her "lucky brithday".9.A) Threw her a superise party.10.C) The trip her husband has planned.11.B) He is eager to learn how the couple's holiday turns out.Conversation TwoW: Mr. Green, What do you think makes a successful negotiator?M: Well, It does hard to define, but I think successful negotiators have several things in common. They are always polite and rational people, they are firm, but flexible. They can recognize power and know how to use it. They are sensitive to the dynamics in the negotiation, the way it raises and falls, and how may change the direction. They project the image of confidence, and perhaps most importantly, they know when to stop.W: And what about an unsuccessful negotiator?M: Well, this probably all of us when we start out. We are probably immature and over-trusting, too emotional or aggressive. We are unsure of ourselves and want to be liked by everyone. Good negotiators learn fast, pool negotiators remain like that and go on losing negotiations,W: In your opinion, can the skills of negotiation be taught?M: Well, you can teach someone how to prepare for negotiation. There perhaps six stages in every negotiation, get to know the other side, stay your goals, start the process, clarify there is a disagreement or conflict, reassess your position, making acceptablecompromise, and finally reach some agreements and principals. These stages can be studied, and strategies to be used in each can be planned before-hand. But I think the really successful negotiator is probably born with the sixth sense that may respond properly to the situation at hand.W: The artistic sense you just described?M: Yes, that’s right12. What’s the man say about good negotiators?13. What does the man say, maybe the most important thing to a successful negotiator?14. How is a good negotiator different from a poor one?15. What’s the first stage of a negation according to the man?12. A) They are sensitive to the dynamics of a negotiation.13. B) They know when to stop.14. C) They learn quickly.15. D) Get to know the other side.Passage OneSome people wonder why countries spend millions of dollars on space projects. They want to know how space research helps people on earth. Actually, space technology helps people on earth every day. This is called spin-off technology. Spin-off technology is space technology that is now used on earth. In early space programs, such as the Apollo missions of the 1960s and 1970s and in the space shuttle missions today, scientists developed objects for the astronauts to use on the moon and in space. We now use some of these objects every day. For example, we have quartz crystal clocks and watches accurate to within one minute a year. We purify the water we drink with the water filter designed for the astronauts to use in space. The cordless hand held tools we use in our homes, such as vacuum cleaners, flashlights, drills came from the technology of these early space programs. On cold winter days, we can stay warm with battery-operated gloves and socks, especially made coats and jackets. All the clothes are similar to thespace suits designs that kept astronauts comfortable in the temperatures of the moon, in our spin offs from space technology. These products are only a few examples of the many ways space technology helps us in our everyday lives. No one knows how new spin off technology from the international space station will help us in the future.16. What do some people want to know about space exploration?17. What did scientist do for the space shuttle missions?18. What does the speaker say about the quartz crystal clocks and watches?16. D) How space research benefits people on Earth.17. B) They developed objects for astronauts to use in outer space.18. C) They are extremely accurate.Passage TwoWell, if I could get back in history and live, I'd like to get back to the 18th century and perhaps in colonial America in Yankee new England where one of my ancestors lived, because it was the beginning of something. By the 18th century, there was a feeling of community that had grown. My ancestor was the preacher traveling around countryside. People lived in small communities. It was fisherman and farmers who provided fresh food that tasted and looked like food. Unlike today’s supermarkets, and there were small towns and New York wasn't that far away. I'm deeply attached to the puritan tradition not in a religious sense. But they believed in working for something, working for goals. And I like that. They worked hard at whatever they did, but they had a sense of achievement. They believed in goodness, in community, and helping one another. I love the colonial fabrics or the silver works, the furnishings, the combination of elegance simplicity. I'd love it. The printing, the books, I’m very attached to all that kind of thing. That may not all be very entertaining in the modern sense of the world, but I would have enjoyed spending my evenings in that environment, discussing new ideas, building a new world, and I can see myself sitting on a small chair by the fire doing needle work.19. Why does the speaker say she would like to go back and live in the 18th century America?20. What does the speaker say about the Puritans?21. What would the speaker like doing if she could go back to the past?19. C)It marked the beginning of something new.20. A)They believed working for goals.21. D)Doing needlework by the fire.Passage threeIf you are lost in the woods, a little knowledge concerned with some people called a hardship into an enjoyable stay away from the troubles of modern society. When you think you're lost,sit down on the log or rock, or lean against the tree, and recite something you are memorized to bring your mind to the point where is under control. Don’t run blindly if you must move, don't follow stream unless you know it, and in that case you're not lost. Streams normally flow through wide land before they reach a lake or river though there are more eatable plants, there may also be wild animals, poisonous snakes, and other hazards. Many experts feel it is the wisest to walk up hill. At the top of most hills and mountains are trails living back to civilizations. If there are no trails, you're much easier to be seen on top of the hill. And you may even spot the highway or railroad from this point. Nowadays, the first way some of you search for you is by air. In the wide lands or in dense grass, we're very hard to spot. Anytime you are going to the woods, somebody should know where you're going, and when you are expected to return, also when someone comes to looking, you should be able to signal to them.22. What does the speaker advise you to do first if you are lost in the woods?23. What will happen if you follow an unknown stream in the woods?24. What do many experts think is the wisest thing to do if you're lost in the woods?25. What should you do before you go into the woods?22. C) Sit down and try to calm yourself23. B) You may expose yourself to unexpected dangers.24. D) Walk uphill.25. A) Inform somebody of your plan.四级听力第二套：答案：1.D) It has got one of its injured.2.C) Its videos were posted on social media.3.A) The distance travelled.4.B) Gas consumption is soaring.5.B) He helps a stranger to carry groceries to his car.6.C) He raised a large sum of money for him.7.A) He works hard to support his family.8. A) Attend an economics lecture9. C) Attend his brother’s birthday party10. D) Join him in his bro ther’s birthday celebration11. B) By train12. A) Taking a vacation abroad.13. C) Working part time as a waiter.14. B) Save enough money..15. A) He has rich sailing experience.16. D) She was also a Nobel Prize winner.17. B) She developed X-ray facilities for military hospitals.18. A) Both died of blood cancer.19. C) They discovered Iceland in the ninth century.20. D) It was a rocky mass of land covered with ice.21. A) Thee Viking’s ocean explorations.22. C) Dream about the future.23. B) Change what he has for his past imaginary world.24. D) International business.25. B) Be content with what you have.四级阅读第一套：选词填空26. [K] superior27. [D] nuisance28. [M] tip29. [O] visual30. [A] associated31. [F] preventing32. [H] sensitive33. [I] slight34. [C] indicate35. [J] specify匹配题36. [I] Elderly students find it hard to keep up with the rapid changes in education.37. [E] Some believe take-home exams may affect students' performances in others courses.38. [C] Certain professors believe in-class exams are ultimately more helpful to students39. [D] In-class exams are believed to discourage cheating in exams.40. [B] The author was happy to learn she could do some exams at home.41. [H] Students who put off their work until the last moment often find the exams more difficult than they actually are.42. [G] Different students may prefer different types of exams.43. [F] Most professors agree whether to give an in-class or a take-home exam depends on the type of course being taught.44. [A] The author dropped out of college some forty years ago.45. [J] Some students think take-home exams will eat up their free time.仔细阅读46. B They just cannot do anything about it.47. A It might be prevented and treated.48. D It will motivate doctors and pharmacists to find ways to treat aging.49. C They can contribute to people's health only to a limited extent.50. A The human lifespan cannot be prolonged.51. C More males than females are likely to get outstanding letters of recommendation.52. C Men are believed to be better able to excel in STEM disciplines.53. B They contain nothing that distinguishes the applicants.54. D They deleted all information about gender.55. D Start a public discussion on how to raise women's status in academic circles.四级阅读第二套：选词填空We all know there exists a great void（空白）in the public educational system when itcomes to 26 to STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering andMathematics) courses. One educator named Dori Roberts decided to do somethingto change this system. Dori taught high school engineering for 11 years. Shenoticed there was a real void in quality STEM education at all 27 ofthe public educational system. She said, “I started Engineering For Kids (EFK)after noticing a real lack of math, science and engineering programs to 28 myown kids in.”She decided to start an afterschool programwhere children 29 in STEM-based competitions. The clubgrew quickly and when it reached 180 members and the kids in the program wonseveral state 30 , she decided to devote all her time tocultivating and 31 it. The global business EFK was born.Dori began operating EFK out of her Virginiahome, which she then expanded to 32 recreation centers. Today, the EFK program 33 over 144 branches in 32 states within theUnited States and in 21 countries. Sales have doubled from $5 million in 2014to $10 million in 2015, with 25 new branches planned for 2016. The EFK websitestates, “Our nation is not 34 enough engineers. Our philosophy is to inspirekids at a young age to understand that engineering is a great 35 .”26. G exposure27. L levels28. F enroll29. O participated30. C championships31. E developing32. M local33. N operates34. J graduating35. B career匹配题36. To be curious, we need to realize first of all thatthere are many things we don’t know.H）Moreover,in order to be curious , ” you have to aware of a gap in your knowledge in thefirst place.” Although Leslie perhaps pai nts a bit broadly in contending thatmost of us are unaware of how much we don’t know, he’s surely right to pointout that the problem is growing:”Google can give us the powerful illusion thatall questions have definite answers.”37. According to Leslie, curiosity is essential to one’ssuccess.D) Thejournalist Ian Leslie, in his new and enjoyable book Curious: The Desire to Know and Why Your Future Depends on It,insists that the answer to that last question is “Yes”. Leslie argues thatcuriosity is a much-overlooked human virtue, crucial to our success, and thatwe are losing it.38. We should feel happy when we pursue knowledge forknowledge’s sake.O) All of which brings us back to Goodelland the Christie case and Benghazi. Each critic in those examples is charging,in a different way, that someone in authority is intentionally being incurious.I leave it to the reader's political preference to decide which, if any,charges should stick. But let’s be careful about demanding cur iosity about theother side’s weaknesses and remaining determinedly incurious about our own. Weshould be delighted to pursue knowledge for its own sake—even when what we findout is something we didn't particularly want to know.39. Political leaders’ lac k of curiosity will result inbad consequences.M) AlthoughLeslie’s book isn’t about politics, he doesn’t entirely shy away from theproblem. Political leaders, like leaders of other organizations, should becurious. They should ask questions at crucial moments. There are seriousconsequences, he warns, in not wanting to know.40. There are often accusations about politicians’ andthe media’s lack of curiosity to find out the truth.B) Theaccusation of incuriosity is one that we hear often, carrying the suggestionthat there is something wrong with not wanting to search out the truth. “I havebeen bothered for a long time about the curious lack of curiosity,” said aDemocratic member of the New Jersey legislature back in July, referring to aninsufficiently inquiring attitude on the part of an assistant to New JerseyGovernor Chris Christie who chose not to ask hard questions about the GeorgeWashington Bridge traffic scandal. “Isn’t the mainstream media the least bitcurious about what happened?” wrote conserv ative writer Jennifer Rubin earlierthis year, referring to the attack on Americans in Benghazi, Libya.41. The less curious a child is, the less knowledge thechild may turn out to have.L) Schooleducation, he warns, is often conducted in a way that makes children incurious.Children of educated and upper-middle-class parents turn out to be far morecurious, even at early ages, than children of working class and lower classfamilies. That lack of curiosity produces a relative lack of knowledge, and thelack of knowledge is difficult if not impossible to compensate for later on.42. It is widely accepted that academic accomplishmentlies in both intelligence and diligence.K) Citingthe work of psychologists and cognitive（认知的）scientists, Leslie criticizes the received wisdomthat academic success is the result of a combination of intellectual talent andhard work. Curiosity, he argues, is the third key factor—and a difficult one topreserve. If not cultivated, it will not survive：“Childhood curiosity is a collaboration between childand adult. The surest way to kill it is to leave it alone.”43. Visiting a bookshop as curiosity leads us can be agood way to entertain ourselves.J) Somewhatnostalgically（怀旧地），he quote John Maynar d Keynes’s justlyfamous words of praise to the bookstore:”One should enter it vaguely, almost ina dream, and allow what is there freely to attract and influence the eye. Towalk the rounds of the bookshops, dipping in as curiosity dictates, should bean afte rnoon’s entertainment.” If only!44. Both the rise of the Internet and reduced appetitefor literary fiction contribute to people’s declining curiosity.G) Lesliepresents considerable evidence for the proposition that the society as a wholeis growing less curious. In the U.S. and Europe, for example, the rise of theInternet has led to a declining consumption of news from outside the reader’sborders. But not everything is to be blamed on technology. The decline ininterest in literary fiction is also one of the causes identified by Leslie.Reading literary fiction, he says, make us more curious.45.Mankind wouldn’t be so innovative without curiosity.F) Why isthis a problem? Because without curiosity we will lose the spirit of innovationand entrepreneurship. We will see unimaginative governments and dyingcorporations make disastrous decisions. We will lose a vital part of what hasmade humanity as a whole so successful as a species.仔细阅读46. What do we learn from the passage about cities in sub-Saharan Africa?B）They are growing fast without becoming richer47. What does the author imply about urbanisation in other parts of the world?B) It started when people’s income was relatively high.48. Why is sub-Saharan Africa unappealing to investors?A) It lacks adequate transport facilities.49. In what way does author say African cities are different?C) They have developed at the expense of nature.50. What might be a solution to the problems facing African cities?D) A more responsible government51. It used to be commonly acknowledged that to succeed in America, one had to have___.B) an ambition to get ahead52. What is the finding of the latest National Journal poll concerning the American dream?C) Americans’ idea of it has changed over the past few decades.53. What do Americans now think of the role of college education in achieving success?A) It still remains open to debate.54. How do some people view college education these days?D) It helps broaden their minds.55. What is one factor essential to success in America, according to Will Fendley?D) A clear aim and high motivation.四级阅读第三套：选词填空26. K superior27. D nuisance28. M tip29. O visual30. A associated31. F preventing32. H sensitive33. I slight34. C indicate35. B examine匹配题36. I37. E38. C39. D40. B41. H42. G43. F44. A45. J仔细阅读46. What do people generally believe about aging?B) They just cannot do anything about it.47. How do many scientists view aging now?A) It might be prevented and treated.48. What does Alex Zhavoronkov think of “describing aging as a disease”?D) It will motivate doctors and pharmacists to find ways to treat aging.49. What do we learn about the medical community?C) They can contribute to people’s health only to a limited extent.50. What does Professor Leonard Hayflick believe?A) The human lifespan cannot be prolonged.51. What do we learn about applicants to postdoctoral positions in geosciences?C) More males than females are likely to get outstanding letters of recommendation.52. What do studies about men and women in scientific research show?C) Men are believed to be better able to excel in STEM disciplines.53. What do the studies find about the recommendation letters for women applicants?B) They contain nothing that distinguishes the applicants.54. What did Dutt and her colleagues do with the more than 1,200 letters of recommendation?D) They deleted all information about gender.55. What does Dutt aim to do with her study?D) Start a public discussion on how to raise women’s status in academic circles.四级翻译一：泰山位于山东省西部。

2017年12月四级考试真题（第三套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)D1rect10ns: 凡r this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on how to best handle the relationship between doctors and patients. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension说明：2017年12月四级真题全国共考了两套听力。

本套的听力内容与第二套的完全一样，只是选项的顺序不一样而已。

Part ID Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section A．Directions: In th· is section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank f rom a list of cho即es given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before makingyour choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for eachitem on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bankmore than once.We all know there exists a greatvoid (空臼）in the public educational system when it comes to 26 to STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) courses. One educator named Dori Roberts decided to do something to change this system. Dori taught high school engineering for 11 years. She noticed there was a real void in quality STEM education at all 27 of the public educational system. She said, "I started Engineering For Kids (EFK) after noticing a real lack of math, science and engineering programs to 28 my own kids in. "She decided to start an afterschool program where children 29 in STEM-based competitions. The club grew quickly and when it reached控Q members and the kids in the program won several state 30 , she decided to devote all her time to cultivating and 31 it. The global business EFK was born.Dori began operating EFK out of her Virginia home, which she then expanded to 32 recreation centers. Today, the EFK program 33 over 144 branches in 32 states within the United States and in 21 countries. Sales have doubled from MYM5 million in 2014 to MYMlO million in 2015, with 25 new branches planned for 2016. The EFK website states, "Our nation is not 34 enough engineers. Our philosophy is to inspire kids at a young age to understand that engineering is a great 35 . "A)attracted B)career C)championshipsD)degrees E)developing F)enrollG)exposure H)feasible I)feedingJ)graduating K)interest L)levelsM)local N)operates0)parti cipa tedSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains 叫ormation given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived Youmay choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter: Answer the questions bymarking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Why aren't you curious about what happened?A)" You suspended Ray Rice after our video, " a reporter from TMZ challenged National Football LeagueCommissioner Roger Goodell the other day. "Why didn't you have the curiosity to go to the casino (赌场）yourself?" The implication of the question is that a more curious commissioner would have found a way to get the tape.B)The accusation of incuriosity is one that we hear often ,carrying the suggestion that there is something wrong withnot wanting to search out the truth. "I have been bothered for a long time about the curious lack of curiosity, "said a Democratic member of the New Jersey legislature back in July, referring to an insufficiently inquiring attitude on the part of an assistant to New Jersey Governor Chris Christie who chose not to ask hard questions about the George Washington Bridge traffic scandal. "Isn't the mainstream media the least bit curious about what happened?" wrote conservative writer Jennifer Rubin earlier this year, referring to the attack on Americans in Benghazi ,Libya.C)The implication, in each case, is that curiosity is a good thing, and a lack of curiosity is a problem. Are suchaccusations simply efforts to score political points for one's party? Or is there something of particular value about curiosity in and of itself?D)The journalist Ian Leslie, in his new and enjoyable book Curious: The Desire to Know and Why Your FutureD ep ends on It ,insists that the answer to that last question is'Yes'. Leslie argues that curiosity is a much­overlooked human virtue, crucial to our success, and that we are losing it.E)We are suffering, he writes, from a " s erendipity deficit. "The word " serendipity" was coined by HoraceWalpole in an 1854 letter, from a tale of three princes who "were always making discoveries, by accident, of things they were not in search of. " Leslie worries that the rise of the Internet ,among other social and technological changes, has reduced our appetite for aimless adventures. No longer have we the inclination to let ourselves wander through fields of knowledge, ready to be surprised. Instead, we seek only the information we want.F)Why is this a problem? Because without curiosity we will lose the spirit of innovation and entrepreneurship. Wewi且see unimaginative governments and dying corporations make disastrous decisions. We will lose a vital part of what has made humanity as a whole so successful as a species.G)Leslie presents considerable evidence for the proposition that the society as a whole is growing less curious. Inthe U.S. and Europe, for example, the rise of the Internet has led to a declining consumption of news from outside the reader's borders. But not everything is to be blamed on technology. The decline in interest in literary fiction is also one of the causes identified by Leslie. Reading literary fiction, he says, makes us more curious.H)Moreover, in order to be curious, "you have to be aware of a gap in your knowledge in the first place. "Although Leslie perhaps paints a bit broadly in contending that most of us are unaware of how much we don't know, he's surely right to point out that the problem is growing: "Google can give us the powerful illusion that all questions have definite answers. "I)Indeed ,Google ,for which Leslie expresses admiration ,is also his frequent whipping boy (替罪羊）. He quotes Google co-founder Larry Page to the effect that the "perfect search engine" will "understand exactly what I meanand give me back exactly what I want. "Elsewhere in the book, Leslie writes: "Google aims to save you from the thirst of curiosity altogether. "J)Somewhat nostalgically (怀旧地），he quotes John Maynard Keynes's justly famous words of praise to the bookstore: " O ne should enter it vaguely, almost in a dream, and allow what is there freely to attract and influence the eye. To walk the rounds of the bookshops, dipping in as curiosity dictates, should be an afternoon's entertainment. "If only!K)Citing the work of psychologists and cognitive (认知的）scientists, Leslie criticizes the received wisdom that academic success is the result of a combination of intellectual talent and hard work. Curiosity, he argues, is the third key factor—and a difficult one to preserve. If not cultivated, it will not survive: "Childhood curiosity is a collaboration between child and adult. The surest way to kill it is to leave it alone. "L)School education, he warns, is often conducted in a way that makes children incurious. Children of educated and upper-middle-class parents turn out to be far more curious, even at early ages, than children of working class and lower class families. That lack of curiosity produces a relative lack of knowledge, and the lack of knowledge is difficult if not impossible to compensate for later on.M)Although Leslie's book isnl about politics, he doesn't entirely shy away from the problem. Political leaders, like leaders of other organizations, should be curious. They should ask questions at crucial moments. There are serious consequences ,he warns ,in not wanting to know.N)He presents as an example the failure of the George W. Bush administration to prepare properly for the after­effects of the invasion of Iraq. According to Leslie, those who ridiculed former Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld for his 2002 remark that we have to be wary of the "unknown unknowns" were mistaken. Rumsfeld's idea, Leslie writes, "wasn't absurd—it was smart. "He adds, "The tragedy is that he didn't follow his own advice."0)All of which brings us back to Goodell and the Christie case and Benghazi. Each critic in those examples ischarging, in a different way, that someone in authority is intentionally being incurious. I leave it to the reader's political preference to decide which, if any, charges should stick. But let's be careful about demanding curiosity about the other side's weaknesses and remaining determinedly incurious about our own. We should be delighted to pursue knowledge for its own sake—even when what we find out is something we didn't particularly want to know.36.To be curious, we need to realize fi江st of all that there are many things we don't know.37.According to Leslie, curiosity is essential to one's success.38.We should feel happy when we pursue knowledge for knowledge's sake.39.Political leaders'lack of curiosity will result in bad consequences.40.There are often accusations about politicians'and the media's lack of curiosity to find out the truth.41.The less curious a child is, the less knowledge the child may turn out to have.42.It is widely accepted that academic accomplishment lies in both intelligence and diligence.43. V isiting a bookshop as curiosity leads us can be a good way to entertain ourselves.44. B oth the rise of the Internet and reduced appetite for literary fiction contribute to people's declining curiosity.45. M ankind wouldn't be so innovative without curiosity.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice andmark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Aging happens to all of us, and is generally thought of as a natural part of life. It would seem silly to call such a thing a "disease. "On the other hand, scientists are increasingly learning that aging and biological age are two different things ,and that the former is a key risk factor for conditions such as heart disease, cancer and many more. In that light, aging itself might be seen as something treatable, the way you would treat high blood pressure or a vitamin deficiency.Biophysicist Alex Zhavoronkov believes that aging should be considered a disease. He said that describing aging as a disease creates incentives to develop treatments." I t unties the hands of the pharmaceutical (制药的）industry so that they can begin treating the disease and not just the side effects , " he said." R ight now ,people think of aging as natural and something you can't control , " he said. "In academic circles , people take aging research as just an interest area where they can try to develop interventions. The medical community also takes aging for granted, and can do nothing about it except keep people within a certain health range.But if aging were recognized as a disease, he said, "It would attract funding and change the way we do health care. What matters is understanding that aging is curable. ""It was always known that the body accumulates damage, " he added. "The only way to cure aging is to find ways to repair that damage. I think of it as preventive medicine for age-related conditions. "Leonard Hayflick, a professor at the University of California, San Francisco, said the idea that aging can be cured implies the human lifespan can be increased, which some researchers suggest is possible. Hayflick is not among them."There're many people who recover from cancer, stroke, or heart disease. But they continue to age, because aging is separate from their disease, " Hayflick said. "Even if those causes of death were eliminated, life expectancy would still not go much beyond 92 years."46. W hat do people generally believe about aging?A)It should cause no alarm whatsoever.C)It should be regarded as a kind of disease.47. H ow do many scientists view aging now?A)It might be prevented and treated.C)It results from a vitamin deficiency.B)They just cannot do anything about it. D)They can delay it with advances in science.B)It can be as risky as heart disease.D)It is an irreversible biological process.48. W hat does Alex Zhavoronkov think of "describing aging as a disease" ?A)It will prompt people to take aging more seriously.B)It will greatly help reduce the side effects of aging.C)It will free pharmacists from the conventional beliefs about aging.D)It will motivate doctors and pharmacists to find ways to treat aging.49. W hat do we learn about the medical community?A)They now have a strong interest in research on aging.B)They differ from the academic circles in their view on aging.C)They can contribute to people's health only to a limited extent.D)They have ways to intervene in people's aging process.50.What does Professor Leonard Hayflick believe?A)The human lifespan cannot be prolonged.B)Aging is hardly separable from disease.C)Few people can live up to the age of 92.D) Heart disease is the major cause of aging.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Female applicants to postdoctoral positions in geosciences were nearly half as likely to receive excellent letters of recommendation, compared with their male counterparts. Christopher Intagliata reports.As in many other fields, gender bias is widespread in the sciences. Men score higher starting salaries, have more mentoring (指导），and have better odds of being hired. Studies show they're also perceived as more competent than women in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) fields. And new research reveals that men are more likely to receive excellent letters of recommendation, too."Say, you know, this is the best student I've ever had," says KuheliDutt, a social scientist and diversity officer at Columbia University's Lamont campus. "Compare those excellent letters with a merely good letter:'The candidate was productive, or intelligent, or a solid scientist or something that's clearly solid praise,'but nothing that singles out the candidate as exceptional or one of a kind. "Dutt and her colleagues studied more than 1 , 200 letters of recommendation for postdoctoral positions in geoscience. They were all edited for gender and other identifying information, so Dutt and her team could assign them a score without knowing the gender of the student. They found that female applicants were only half as likely to get outstanding letters, compared with their male counterparts. That includes letters of recommendation from all over the world, and written by, yes, men and women. The findings are in the journal Nature Geoscience.Dutt says they were not able to evaluate the actual scientific qualifications of the applicants using the data in the files. But she says the results still suggest women in geoscience are at a potential disadvantage from the very beginning of their careers starting with those less than outstanding letters of recommendation."We're not trying to assign blame or criticize anyone or call anyone consciously sexist. Rather, the point is to use the results of this study to open up meaningful dialogues on implicit gender bias, be it at a departmental level or an institutional level or even a discipline level. " Which may lead to some recommendations for the letter writers themselves.51.What do we learn about applicants to postdoctoral positions in geosciences?A)There are many more men applying than women.B)Chances for women to get the positions are scarce.C)More males than females are likely to get outstanding letters of recommendation.D)Male applicants have more interest in these positions than their female counterparts.52.What do studies about men and women in scientific research show?A)Women engaged in postdoctoral work are quickly catching up.B)Fewer women are applying for postdoctoral positions due to gender bias.C)Men are believed to be better able to excel in STEM disciplines.D)Women who are keenly interested in STEM fields are often exceptional.53.What do the studies find about the recommendation letters for women applicants?A)They are hardly ever supported by concrete examples.B)They contain nothing that distinguishes the applicants.C)They provide objective information without exaggeration.D)They are often filled with praise for exceptional applicants.54.What did Dutt and her colleagues do with the more than 1,200 letters of recommendation?A)They asked unbiased scholars to evaluate them.B)They invited women professionals to edit them.C)They assigned them randomly to reviewers.D)They deleted all information about gender.55.What does Dutt aim to do with her study?A)Raise recommendation writers'awareness of gender bias in their letters.B)Open up fresh avenues for women post-doctors to join in research work.C)Alert women researchers to all types of gender bias in the STEM disciplines.D)Start a public discussion on how to raise women's status in academic circles.Part IV Translation (30 minutes) Directions : 的r this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage f rom Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.黄山位于安徽省南部。

【导语】2017年12⽉英语四级考试于12⽉16⽇进⾏，考后将为您带来第⼀⼿2017年12⽉英语四级真题及答案。

以下是整理的2017年12⽉英语四级听⼒真题原⽂及解析【新东⽅在线版】，仅供参考。

“考试采取“多题多卷”模式，试题顺序不统⼀，请依据试题进⾏核对。

”News 1 A 9-year-old girl in New Mexico has raised more than $500 for her little brother who needs heart surgery in Houston Texas this July. 第1题 Addison Witulski's grandmother Kim Allred said Addison probably overheard a conversation between family members talking about the funds needed to get her little brother to treatment. " I guess she overheard her grandfather and me talking about how we’re worried about how we’re going to get to Houston, for my grandson’s heart surgery,” said Allred. She decided to go outside and have a lemonade stand and make some drawings and pictures and sell them.”第2题 That’s when Addison and her friends Erika and Emily Borden decided to sell lemonade for 50 cents a cup and sell pictures for 25 cents each. 第2题 Before Allred knew it, New Mexico State Police Officers were among the many, stopping by helping them reach a total of $568. The family turned to social media expressing their gratitude saying, “From the bottom of our hearts, we would like to deeply thank each and every person that stopped by!” 第⼀题根据选项特征，考查和⼥性相关的某位⼈物;第⼆题根据选项介词by判断需要听某⼀种⽅法途径，但是关键信息词仍旧落在动宾搭配上：A. taking pictures ; B. working part time; C. selling lemonade and pictures; D. asking for help Q1: Who did Addison raise money for? Her little brother 原⽂ Q2: How did Addison raise money? By selling lemonade and pictures. 原⽂ News 2 Last week, France announced that the country will pave 621 miles of road with solar panels over the next five years, with the goal of providing cheap, renewable energy to five million people. 第3题 Called “the Wattway,” the roads will be built through joint efforts with the French road-building company Colas and the National Institute of Solar Energy. The company spent the last five years developing solar panels that are only about a quarter of an inch thick and are strong enough to stand up to heavy highway traffic without breaking or making the roads more slippery. The panels are also designed so that they can be installed directly on top of existing roadways, making them relatively cheap and easy to install. 第4题 France isn’t the first country to kick around the idea of paving its roads with solar panels. In November 2015, the Netherlands completed a 229-foot-long bike path paved with solar panels as a test for future projects. However, this is the first time a panel has been designed to be laid directly on top of existing roads and the first project to install the panels on public highways. 第三题⼤概浏览选项后发现和能源话题有关联，通过基本的选项信息⼤致确定听的定位，进⼀步根据选项给出的信息词进⾏判断：A. finding cheaper ways; B. generating electric power; C. providing clean energy; D. testing the efficiency 第四题注意they 是物，⼀些复数物体可以如何，针对细节信息进⾏考查，听的适合做笔记,好好判断 Q3: What was France's purpose of constructing the Wattway? Providing clean energy to five million people. 原⽂ Q4: What is special about the solar panels used in the Wattway? They can be laid right on top of existing highways. News 3 Lions have disappeared from much of Africa, but for the past few years scientists have wondered if the big cats were hanging on in remote parts of Sudan and Ethiopia. Continuous fighting in the region has made surveys difficult. 第5题 But scientists released a report Monday documenting, with hard evidence, the discovery of "lost lions." A team with Oxford University’s Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, supported by a charity organization, spent two nights in November camping in the National Park in northwest Ethiopia, on the Ethiopia-Sudan border. The researchers set out six camera traps capturing images of lions, and they identified lion tracks. 第6题 The scientists concluded that lions are also likely to live in the neighbouring National Park across the border in Sudan.第7题 The International Union for Conservation of Nature had previously considered the area a "possible range" for the species, and local people had reported seeing lions in the area, but no one presented convincing evidence. 该新闻中⼼点和野⽣动物相关，话题点不陌⽣，但是做题时切忌带⼊⾃我理解。

2017年12月四级翻译真题解析翻译部分华山位于华阴市，据西安120 公里。

华山是秦岭的一部分，秦岭不仅分割陕南与陕北，也分隔华南与华北。

与从前人们常去朝拜的泰山不同，华山过去很少有人光临，因为上山的道路极其危险。

然而，希望长寿大人却经常上山，因为山上生长着许多草药，特别是一些稀有的草药。

自上世纪90 年代安装缆车以来，参观人数大大增加。

综述：翻译一篇汉译英的文章，最主要的不是词汇，而是句式。

一篇文章句式多变，主从分明，层次感强可以大幅度加分，弥补很多考生词汇量的不足。

所以，这篇真题仍然沿着这个思路来剖析。

把中文的短句合成英文的长句最常用的方法是1 前后半句有名词上的重合信息点，那么可以用定语从句。

2 前后半句有意思上的内在联系则多用状语从句。

3 一个主语多个谓语多个分句，可用非谓语从句。

4 一些其他的固定句式1 华山位于华阴市，距离西安120公里Huashan (which is) located/ situated/lies in Huayin city is 120 kilometers away from Xi’an.解析：本句很简单，常规句式，因为两个分句主语都是华山，所以按照并列谓语方式处理，一个定语从句一个主句。

具体常用表达“位于…” ,可以用be located / situated /lies in…2 华山是秦岭的一部分，秦岭不仅分割陕南与陕北，也分隔华南与华北It’s a part of the Qinling mountain , which divides not only southern and northern Shaanxi, but also south and north China .解析：本句很明显有“秦岭”这个重合名词，所以用定语从句which 指代秦岭。

另外，”分割”一词是重复使用的动词，按照英语动词不重复用的原则，只留一个，用not only…but also…连接句子。

2017年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案（第一套） Part I Writing （25 minutes） Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short easy on how to best handle the relationship between doctors and patients. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words. Part II Listening Comprehension （25 minutes） Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard. 1. A) Her friend Erika. C) Her grandfather. B) Her little brother. D) Her grandmother. 2. A) By taking pictures for passers-by. C) By selling lemonade and pictures. B) By working part time at a hospital. D) By asking for help on social media. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard. 3. A) Finding cheaper ways of highway construction. B) Generating electric power for passing vehicles. C) Providing clean energy to five million people. D) Testing the efficiency of the new solar panel. 4. A) They can stand the wear and tear of natural elements. B) They can be laid right on top of existing highways. C) They are only about half an inch thick. D) They are made from cheap materials. Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard. 5. A) Endless fighting in the region. C) Inadequate funding for research. B) The hazards from the desert. D) The lack of clues about the species. 6. A) To observe the wildlife in the two national parks. B) To identify the reasons for the lions’ disappearance. C) To study the habitat of lions in Sudan and Ethiopia. D) To find evidence of the existence of the “lost lions”. 7. A) Lions walking. C) Some camping facilities. B) Lions’ tracks. D) Traps set by local hunters. Section B Directions：In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hearfour questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 8. A) Her ‘lucky birthday’. C) Her wedding anniversary. B) A call from her dad. D) A special gift from the man. 9. A) Gave her a big model plane. C) Took her on a trip overseas. B) Bought her a good necklace. D) Threw her a surprise party. 10. A) The gift her husband has bought. B) The trip her husband has planned. C) What has been troubling her husband. D) What her husband and the man are up to. 11. A) He will be glad to be a guide for the couple’s holiday trip. B) He will tell the women the secret if her husband agrees. C) He is eager to learn how the couple’s holiday turns out. D) He wants to find out about the couple’s holiday plan. Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard. 12. A) They are sensitive to the dynamics of a negotiation. B) They see the importance of making compromises. C) They know when to adopt a tough attitude. D) They take the rival’s attitude into account. 13. A) They know how to adapt. C) They know when to make compromises. B) They know when to stop. D) They know how to control their emotion. 14. A) They are patient. C) They learn quickly. B) They are good at expression. D) They uphold their principles. 15. A) Make clear one's intentions. C) Formulate one's strategy. B) Clarify items of negotiation. D) Get to know the other side. Section C Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard. 16. A) When America's earliest space program started. B) When the International Space Station was built. C) How many space shuttle missions there will be. D) How space research benefits people on Earth. 17. A) They accurately calculated the speed of the orbiting shuttles. B) They developed objects for astronauts to use in outer space. C) They tried to meet astronauts' specific requirements. D) They tried to make best use of the latest technology. 18. A) They are extremely accurate. C) They were first made in space. B) They are expensive to make. D) They were invented in the 1970s. Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard. 19. A) It was when her ancestors came to America. B) People had plenty of land to cultivate then. C) It marked the beginning of something new. D) Everything was natural and genuine then. 20. A) They believed in working for goals. C) They hadall kinds of entertainment. B) They enjoyed living a living a life of ease. D) They were known to be creative. 21. A) Chatting with her ancestors. C) Polishing all the silver work. B) Furnishing her country house. D) Doing needlework by the fire. Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard. 22. A) Use a map to identify your location. C) Sit down and try to calm yourself. B) Call your family or friends for help. D) Try to follow your footprints back. 23. A) You may find a way out without your knowing it. B) You may expose yourself to unexpected dangers. C) You may get drowned in a sudden flood. D) You may end up entering a wonderland. 24. A) Look for food. C) Start a fire. B) Wait patiently. D) Walk uphill. 25. A) Inform somebody of your plan. C) Check the local weather. B) Prepare enough food and drink. D) Find a map and a compass. Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes ) Section A Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. A rat or pigeon might not be the obvious choice to tend to someone who is sick, but these creatures have some 26 skills that could help the treatment of human diseases. Pigeons are often seen as dirty birds and an urban 27 , but they are just the latest in a long line of animals that have been found to have abilities to help humans. Despite having a brain no bigger than the 28 of your index finger, pigeons have a very impressive 29__ memory. Recently it was shown that they could be trained to be as accurate as humans at detecting breast cancer in images. Rats are often 30 with spreading disease rather than 31 it, but this long-tailed animal is highly 32 . Inside a rat's nose are up to 1,000 different types of olfactory receptors（嗅觉感受器）, whereas humans only have 100 to 200 types. This gives rats the ability to detect __33 smells. As a result, some rats are being put to work to detect TB（肺结核）. When the rats detect the smell, they stop and rub their legs to 34 a sample is infected. Traditionally, a hundred samples would take lab technicians more than two days to 35 , but for a rat it takes less than 20 minutes. This rat detection method doesn't rely on specialist equipment. It is also more accurate — the rats are able to find more TB infections and, therefore, save more lives. A) associated I) slight B) examine J) specify C) indicate K) superior D) nuisance L) suspicious E) peak M) tip F) preventing N) treated G) prohibiting O) visual H) sensitive Section B Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2. Do In-Class Exams Make Students Study Harder? Research suggests they may study more broadly for the unexpected rather than search for answers. [A] I have always been a poor test-taker. So it may seem rather strange that I have returned to college to finish the degree I left undone some four decades ago. I am making my way through Columbia University, surrounded by students who quickly supply the verbal answer while I am still processing the question. [B] Since there is no way for me to avoid exams, I am currently questioning what kind are the most taxing and ultimately beneficial. I have already sweated through numerous in-class midterms and finals, and now I have a professor who issues take-home ones. I was excited when I learned this, figuring I had a full week to do the research, read the texts, and write it all up. In fact, I was still rewriting my midterm the morning it was due. To say I had lost the thread is putting it mildly. [C] As I was suffering through my week of anxiety, overthinking the material and guessing my grasp of it, I did some of my own polling among students and professors. David Eisenbach, who teaches a popular class on U.S. presidents at Columbia, prefers the in-class variety. He believes students ultimately learn more and encourages them to form study groups. “That way they socialize over history outside the class, which wouldn’t happen without the pressure of an in-class exam,” he explained, “Furthermore, in-class exams force students to learn how to perform under pressure, and essential work skill.” [D] He also says there is less chance of cheating with the in-class variety. In 2012, 125 students at Harvard were caught up in a scandal when it was discovered they had cheated on a take-home exam for a class entitled “Introduction To Congress.” Some colleges have what they call an “honor code,” though if you are smart enough to get into these schools, you are either smart enough to get around any codes or hopefully, too ethical to consider doing so. As I sat blocked and clueless for two solid days, I momentarily wondered if I couldn’t just call an expert on the subject matter which I was tackling, or someone who took the class previously, to get me going. [E] Following the Harvard scandal, Mary Miller, the former dean of students at Yale, made an impassioned appeal to her school’s professors to refrain from take-hone exams. “Students risk health and well being, as well as performance in other end-of-term work, when faculty offers take-home exams without clear, time-limited boundaries,” she told me. “Research now shows that regular quizzes, short essays, and other assignments over the course of a term better enhance learning and retention.” [F] Most college professors agree the kind of exam they choose largely depends on the subject. A quantitative-based one, for example, is unlikely to be sent home, where onecould ask their older brothers and sisters to help.Vocational-type classes, such as computer science or journalism, on the other hand, are often more research-oriented and lend themselves to take-home testing. Chris Koch, who teaches “History of Broadcast Journalism” at Montgomery Community College in Rockville, Maryland, points out that reporting is about investigation rather than the memorization of minute details. “In my field, it’s not what you know—it’s what you know how to find out,” says Koch. “There is way too much information, and more coming all the time, for anyone to remember. I want my students to search out the answers to questions by using all the resources available to them. [G] Students’ test-form preferences vary, too, often depending on the subject and course difficulty. “I prefer take-home essays because it is then really about the writing, so you have time to edit and do more research,” says Elizabeth Dresser, a junior at Barnard. Then there is the stress factor. Francesca Haass, a senior at Middlebury, says,“I find the in-class ones are more stressful in the short term, but there is immediate relief as you swallow information like mad, and then you get to forget it all. Take-homes require thoughtful engagement which can lead to longer term stress as there is never a moment when the timeis up.” Meanwhile, Olivia Rubin, a sophomore at Emory, says she hardly even considers take-homes true exams. “If you understand the material and have the ability to articulate (说出) your thoughts, they should be a breeze.” [H] How students ultimately handle stress may depend on their personal test-taking abilities. There are people who always wait until the last minute, and make it much harder than it needs to be. And then there those who, not knowing what questions are coming at them, and having no resources to refer to, can freeze. And then there are we rare folks whofit both those descriptions. [I] Yes, my advanced age must factor into the equation (等式), in part because of my inability to access the information as quickly. As another returning student at Columbia, Kate Marber, told me, “We are learning not only all this information, but essentially how to learn again. Our fellow students have just come out of high school. A lot has changed since we were last in school.” [J] If nothing else, the situation has given my college son and me something to share, When I asked his opinion on this matter, he responded, “I like in-class exams because the time is already reserved, as opposed to using my free time at home to work on a test,” he responded. It seems to me that a compromise would be receiving the exam questions a day or two in advance, and then doing the actual test in class the ticking clock overhead. [K] Better yet, how about what one Hunter College professor reportedly did recently for her final exam: She encouraged the class not to stress or even study, promising that, “It is going to be a piece of cake.” When the students came in, sharpened pencils in hand, there was not a blue book in sight. Rather, they saw a large chocolate cake and they each were given a slice. 36. Elderly students find it hard to keep up with the rapid changes in education. 37. Some believe take-home exams may affect students' performance in other courses. 38. Certain professors believe in-class exams are ultimately more helpful to students. 39. In-class exams are believed to discourage cheating in exams. 40. The author was happy to learn she could do some exams at home. 41. Students who put off their work until the last moment often find the exams more difficult than they actually are. 42. Different students may prefer different types of exams. 43. Most professors agree whether to give an in-class ora take-home exam depends on type of course being taught. 44. The author dropped out of college some forty years ago. 45. Some students think take-home exams will eat up their free time. Section C Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 46 and 50 are based on the following passage. That people often experience trouble sleeping in a different bed in unfamiliar surroundings is a phenomenon known as the “first-night” effect. If a person stays in the same room the following night they tend to sleep more soundly. Yuka Sasaki and her colleagues at Brown University set out to investigate the origins of this effect. Dr. Sasaki knew the first-night effect probably has something to do with how humans evolved. The puzzle was what benefit would be gained from it when performance might be affected the following day. She also knew from previous work conducted on birds and dolphins that these animals put halfof their brains to sleep at a time so that they can restwhile remaining alert enough to avoid predators (捕食者).This led her to wonder if people might be doing the same thing. To take a closer look, her team studied 35 healthy people as they slept in the unfamiliar environment of the university’s Department of Psychological Sciences. The participants each slept in the department for two nights and were carefully monitored with techniques that looked at the activity of their brains. Dr. Sasaki found, as expected, theparticipants slept less well on their first night than they did on their second, taking more than twice as long to fall asleep and sleeping less overall. During deep sleep, the participants’ brains behaved in a similar manner seen in birds and dolphins. On the first night only, the left hemispheres (半球) of their brains did not sleep nearly as deeply as their right hemispheres did. Curious if the left hemispheres were indeed remaining awake to process information detected in the surrounding environment, Dr. Sasaki re-ran the experiment while presenting the sleeping participants with a mix of regularly timed beeps (蜂鸣声) of the same tone and irregular beeps of a different tone during the night. She worked out that, if the left hemisphere was staying alert to keep guard in a strange environment, then it would react to the irregular beeps by stirring people from sleep and would ignore the regularly timed ones. This is precisely what she found. 46. What did researchers find puzzling about the first-night effect? A) To what extent it can trouble people. C) What circumstances may trigger it. B) What role it has played in evolution. D) In what wayit can be beneficial. 47. What do we learn about Dr. Yuka Sasaki doing her research? A) She found birds and dolphins remain alert while asleep. B) She found birds and dolphins sleep in much the same way. C) She got some idea from previous studies on birds and dolphins D) She conducted studies on birds’ and dolphins’ sleeping patterns. 48. What did Dr. Sasaki do when she first did her experiment? A) She monitored the brain activity of participants sleeping in a new environment. B) She recruited 35 participants from her Department of Psychological Sciences. C) She studied the differences between the two sides of participants’ brains. D) She tested her findings about birds and dolphins on human subjects. 49. What did Dr. Sasaki do when re-running her experiment? A) She analyzed the negative effect of irregular tones on brains. B) She recorded participants’ adaptation to changed environment. C) She exposed her participants to two different stimuli. D) She compared the responses of different participants. 50. What did Dr. Sasaki find about the participants in her experiment? A) They tended to enjoy certain tones more than others. B) They tended to perceive irregular beeps as a threat. C) They felt sleepy when exposed to regular beeps. D) They differed in their tolerance of irregular tones. Passage Two Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage. It’s time to reevaluate how women handle conflict at work. Being overworked or over-committed at home and on the job will not get you where you want to be in life. It will only slow you down and hinder your career goals. Did you know women are more likely than men to feel exhausted? Nearly twice as many women than men ages 18-44 reported feeling “very tired” or “exhausted”, accordingto a recent study. This may not be surprising given that this is the age range when women have children. It's also the age range when many women are trying to balance careers and home. One reason women may feel exhausted is that they have a hard time saying "no." Women want to be able todo it all volunteer for school parties or cook delicious meals-and so their answer to any request is often “Yes, I can.” Women struggle to say “no” in the workplace for similar reasons, including the desire to be liked by their colleagues.Unfortunately, this inability to say "no" may be hurting women's heath as well as their career. At the workplace, men use conflict as a way to position themselves, while women often avoid conflict or strive to be the peacemaker, because they don't want to be viewed as aggressive or disruptive at work. For example, there’s a problem that needs to be addressed immediately, resulting in a dispute over should be the one to fix it. Men are more likely to face that dispute from the perspective of what benefits them most, whereas women may approach the same dispute from the perspective of what's the easiest and quickest way to resolve the problem-even if that means doing the boring work themselves. This difference in handling conflict could be the deciding factor on who gets promoted to a leadership position and who does not. Leaders have to be able to delegate and manage resources wisely – including staff expertise. Shouldering more of the workload may not earn you that promotion. Instead, it may highlight your inability to delegate effectively. 51. What does the author say is the problem with women? A) They are often unclear about the career goals to reach. B) They are usually more committed at home than on the job. C) They tend to be over-optimistic about how far they could go. D) They tend to push themselves beyond the limits oftheir ability. 52. Why do working women of child-bearing age tend tofeel drained of energy? A) They struggle to satisfy the demands of both work and home. B) They are too devoted to work and unable to relax as a result. C) They do their best to cooperate with their workmates. D) They are obliged to take up too many responsibilities. 53. What may hinder the future prospects of career women? A) Their unwillingness to say “no”. B) Their desire to be considered powerful. C) An underestimate of their own ability. D) A lack of courage to face challenges. 54. Men and woman differ in their approach to resolving workplace conflicts in that______. A) women tend to be easily satisfied B) men are generally more persuasive C) men tend to put their personal interests first D) women are much more ready to compromise 55. What is important to a good leader? A) A dominant personality. C) The courage to admit failure B) The ability to delegate. D) A strong sense of responsibility. Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2. 华山位于华阴市，据西安120公里。