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6月英语六级考试阅读理解模拟试题附答案2017年6月英语六级考试阅读理解模拟试题附答案做学问的`功夫，是细嚼慢咽的功夫。
好比吃饭一样，要嚼得烂，方好消化，才会对人体有益。
以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的2017年6月英语六级考试阅读理解模拟试题附答案，希望对正在关注的您有所帮助!Are some people born clever, and others born stupid? Or is intelligence developed by our environment and our experiences? Strangely enough, the answer to both these questions is yes. To some extent our intelligence is given us at birth, and no amount of special education can make a genius out of a child born with low intelligence. On the other hand, a child who lives in a boring environment will develop his intelligence less than one who lives in rich and varied surroundings. Thus the limits of a person's intelligence are fixed at birth, but whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his environment. This view, now held by most experts, can be supported in a number of ways.It is easy to show that intelligence is to some extent something we are born with. The closer the blood relationship between two people, the closer they are likely to be in intelligence. Thus if we take two unrelated people at random(任意的) from the population,it is likely that their degrees of intelligence will be completely different. If on the other hand we take two identical (完全相同的) twins they will very likely be as intelligent as each other. Relations like brothers and sisters, parents and children, usually have similar intelligence, and this clearly suggests that intelligence depends on birth.Imagine now that we take two identical twins and put themin different environments. We might send one, for example, to a university and the other to a factory where the work is boring. We would soon find differences in intelligence developing, and this indicates that environment as well as birth playsa part. This conclusion is also suggested by the fact that people who live in close contact with each other, but who are not related at all, are likely to have similar degrees of intelligence.26. Which of these sentences best describes the writer's point in Paragraph 1?A. To some extent, intelligence is given at birth.B. Intelligence is developed by the environment.C. Some people are born clever and others born stupid.D. Intelligence is fixed at birth, but is developed by the environment.27. It is suggested in this passage that_______.A. unrelated people are not likely to have different intelligenceB. close relations usually have similar intelligenceC. the closer the blood relationship between people, the more different they are likely to be in intelligenceD. people who live in close contact with each other are not likely to have similar degrees of intelligence28. Brothers and sisters are likely to_______.A. have similar intelligenceB. have different intelligenceC. go to the same universityD. go to the same factory29. In Paragraph 1, the word "surroundings" means_______.A. intelligenceB. lifeC. environmentsD. housing30. The best title for this article would be_______.A. On IntelligenceB. What Intelligence MeansC. We Are Born with IntelligenceD. Environment Plays a Part in Developing Intelligence 参考答案26. D 27. B 28. A 29. C 30. A【2017年6月英语六级考试阅读理解模拟试题附答案】。
2017 年 6 月大学英语六级阅读理解精华50 篇9语言妙语 (含答案 )英语六级阅读理解精华第09 篇，练习对于语言妙语，含有六级阅读练习题，参照译文，答案等内容。
供正在准备英语六级考试的学习者参照学习。
9. the tree of languagea world with out languageit may be that when the world was young, no one knew how to talk. people had tolearn to speak just like babies do. when no one knew how to tell, how did anyonelearn? that is a mystery that remains unsolved even today.the stories behind wordslunch lunch perhaps comes from an old spanish word lonje , a slab of1 ham. wemay get our word from a lump of bread, but whether lunch comes from ham orbread, it meant a hunk of something to eat.atlas an atlas is a strong man, and also a book of maps. the story of this wordbegins a long time ago in greece. the ancient greeks believed that their gods hadonce been a race of giants2 called titans. the titans fought with another group ofgods called olympians, and the olympians won. atlas was a titan. he was punishedfor fighting be having to stand at the western end of the world, holding the sky onhis head and hands, so that it would not fall on the world and smash everything.after the ancient greek religion died out, the idea of atlas changed. from holding upthe sky with his head and hands, he came to be thought of as holding the world onhis shoulders. mercator3, a map maker of the sixteenth century, used a picture ofatlas on the cover of a book of maps, so a book of maps came to be called an atlas.the word has still another meaning. the top bone of the neck is called atlas becauseit supports the head.good-bye or good-by good-bye is a blessing; originally it was god be with ye, andin the course of time it became one word. many of our greetings are good wishes,but we say them with so little thought that we forget this. when we say goodmorning, good evening, good night, and so on, what we are really saying is,“ i hope you will have a good morning ( or evening, or night) .”daisy the daisy has a little golden eye , like a tiny sun . perhaps this is the reason theenglish people named it day’ s eye, or perhaps they chose the name because the english daisy closes at night. the english loved their daisies, which were pink andred, as well as 028 white. six hundred years or so ago, the english poet chaucer4said:the daisy, or else the eye of the day, / / the queen, and prettiest flower of all阅读自测Ⅰ. according to the passage , find the correct meanings of the wordsunder lined :1. with an atlas, tom can find the place he wants to go easily.a. a strong manb. the top bone of the neckc. a book of mapsd. a name of god2. when you say good-bye to your friend, what do you really mean?a. never see him / her againb. a good wish to express that god be with him / herc.good luck d. break up with him / her3. after a long vacation, he looks as fresh as a daisy like before.a. look like the flowerb. a kind of drinkc. a first-class mand. vigorous and livelyⅡ. question :after reading this passage, what can you infer from the stories of the words?参照答案Ⅰ. 1. c 2 . b 3 . dⅡ.( 略)参照译文语言妙语没有语言的世界世界形成之初 , 可能没人知道怎么说话。
6月大学英语六级阅读理解考试题解析2017年6月大学英语六级阅读理解考试题解析古今来许多世家，无非积德。
天地间第一人品，还是读书。
以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的2017年6月大学英语六级阅读理解考试题解析，希望能给大家带来帮助!Plastics are materials which are softened by heat and set into lasting form when shaped in a mold. Some are natural; some are semi-synthetic(半合成的) , the result of chemical action on natural substance; some are synthetic, built up from the constituents of oil or coal. All are based on the chemistry of carbon, with its capacity for forming chains. The molecules that compose them (monomers) link together in the setting or curing(硫化) process to form chains (polymers) , which give plastics their flexible strength. Some plastics retain their ability to be softened and reshaped; like wax, they are thermoplastic. Others set permanently in the shapes they are given by heat and pressure; like eggs, they are thermosetting.From industrial beginnings in the nineteenth century, plastics have struggled through a hundred and twenty years of glory, failure, disrepute and suspicion on the slow road to public acceptance. Now, at last, one can positively say that plastics are appreciated and enjoyed for what they are; that they make modern life richer, more comfortable and convenient, and also more fun. Plastics are warm materials, sympathetic to the human touch, and their transformation into things that come into contact with human beings is entirely appropriate.The fact that there are plastic antiques comes as a shock to most people. How can a material that seems so essentially twentieth century, and one that is so much associated with cheap,disposable products, has a history at all? It is a young technology, and a great part of the fun of collecting plastics is that beautiful pieces of historical interest can still be found very cheaply.21. The word "sympathetic" in Paragraph 2 most probably means_______.A. harmfulB. agreeableC. pitifulD. sorry22. It can be concluded from this passage that_______.A. plastics are synthetic materialsB. plastics won public acceptance 120 years agoC. plastics are very harmful in modern lifeD. plastics are cheap as antiques23. Which of the following is essential to create any type of plastics?A. Carbon.B. Eggs.C. Oil.D. Coal.24. Plastics that harden into permanent shapes are called_______.A. chainedB. thermoplasticC. syntheticD. thermosetting25. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. The Importance of Plastics in the Nineteenth Century.B. Why People Are Suspicious of Plastics.C. The Development of Plastics as a Modern Material.D. How Plastics Are Manufactured.参考答案21. B 22. D 23. A 24. D 25. C【2017年6月大学英语六级阅读理解考试题解析】。
历年大学英语六级考试阅读真题备考2017年6月大学英语六级考试（阅读理解）Reading Comprehension 2015.12-1Section AAs it is,sleep is so undervalued that getting by on fewer hours has become a badge of honor.Plus,we live in a culture that 26to the late-nighter,from 24-hour grocery stores to online shopping sites that never close.It's no surprise,then,that more than half of American adults don't get the 7to 9hours of shut-eye every night as 27by sleep experts.Whether or not we can catch up on sleep——on the weekend,say--is a hotly 28topic among sleep researchers.The latest evidence suggests that while it isn't 29,it might help.When Liu,the UCLA sleep researcher and professor of medicine,brought 30sleep-restricted people into the lab for a weekend of sleep during which they logged about 10hours per night,they showed 31in the ability of insulin (胰岛素)to process blood sugar.That suggests that catch-up sleep may undo some but not all of the damage that sleep 32causes,which is encouraging given how many adults don't get the hours they need each night.Still,Liu isn't 33to endorse the habit of sleeping less and making up for it later.Sleeping pills,while helpful for some,are not 34an effective remedy either."A sleeping pill will 35one area of the brain,but there's never going to be a perfect sleeping pill,because you couldn't really replicate (复制)the different chemicals moving in and out of different parts of the brain to go through the different stages of sleep,"says Dr.Nancy Collop,director of the Emory University Sleep Center.A)alternatively E)deprivation I)negotiated M)recommended B)caters F)ideal J)pierce N)surpasses C)chronically G)improvements K)presumption O)target D)debated H)necessarily L)ready Section B Climate change may be real,but it's still not easy being greenHow do we convince our inner caveman to be greener?We ask some outstanding social scientists.[A]The road to climate hell is paved with our good intentions.Politicians may tackle polluters while scientists do battle with carbon emissions.But the most pervasive problem is less obvious:our own behaviour.We get distracted before we can turn down the heating.We break our promise not to fly after hearing about a neighbour's trip to India.Ultimately,we can't be bothered to change our attitude.Fortunately for the planet,social science and behavioural economics may be able to do that for us.[B]Despite mournful polar bears and charts showing carbon emissions soaring,most people find it hard to believe that global warming will affect them personally.Recent polls by the Pew Research Centre in Washington,DC,found that 75-80per cent of participants regarded climate change as an important issue.But respondents ranked it last on a list of priorities.[C]This inconsistency largely stems from a feeling of powerlessness."When we can't actually remove the source of our fear,we tend to adapt psychologically by adopting a range of defence mechanisms,"says Tom Crompton,change strategist for the environmental organisation World Wide Fund for Nature.[D]Part of the fault lies with our inner caveman.Evolution has programmed humans to pay most attention to issues that will have an immediate impact."We worry most about now because if we don't survive for the next minute,we're not going to be around in ten years'time,"says Professor Elke Weber ofthe Centre for Research on Environmental Decisions at Columbia University in New York.If the Thames were lapping around Big Ben,Londoners would face up to the problem of emissions pretty quickly.But in practice,our brain discounts the risks-and benefits-associated with issues that lie some way ahead.[E]Matthew Rnshworth,of the Department of Experimental Psychology at the University of Oxford, sees this in his lab every day."One of the ways in which all agents seem to make decisions is that they assign a lower weighting to outcomes that are going to be further away in the future,"he says."This is a very sensible way for an animal to make decisions in the wild and would have been very helpful for humans for thousands of years."[F]Not any longer.By the time we wake up to the threat posed by climate change,it could well be too late.And if we're not going to make rational decisions about the future,others may have to help us to do so.[G]Few political libraries are without a copy of Nudge:Improving Decisions About Health,Wealth and Happiness,by Richard Thaler and Cass Sunstein.They argue that governments should persuade us into making better decisions--such as saving more in our pension plans--by changing the default options. Professor Weber believes that environmental policy can make use of similar tactics.If,for example,building codes included green construction guidelines,most developers would be too lazy to challenge them.[H]Defaults are certainly part of the solution.But social scientists are most concerned about crafting messages that exploit our group mentality(心态)."We need to understand what motivates people,what it is that allows them to make change,"says Professor Nell Adger,of the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research in Norwich."It is actually about what their peers think of them,what their social norms are,what is seen as desirable in society."In other words,our inner caveman is continually looking over his shoulder to see what the rest of the tribe are up to.[I]The passive attitude we have to climate change as individuals can be altered by counting us in--and measuring us against--our peer group."Social norms are primitive and elemental,"says Dr.Robert Cialdini, author of Influence:The Psychology of Persuasion."Birds flock together,fish school together,cattle herd together...,just perceiving norms is enough to cause people to adjust their behaviour in the direction of the crowd."[J]These norms can take us beyond good intentions.Cialdini conducted a study in San Diego in which coat hangers bearing messages about saving energy were hung on people's doors.Some of the messages mentioned the environment,some financial savings,others social responsibility.But it was the ones that mentioned the actions of neighbours that drove down power use.[K]Other studies show that simply providing the facility for people to compare their energy use with the local average is enough to cause them to modify their behaviour.The Conservatives plan to adopt this strategy by making utility companies print the average local electricity and gas usage on people's bills.[L]Social science can also teach politicians how to avoid our collective capacity for serf-destructive behaviour.Environmental campaigns that tell us how many people drive SUVs unwittingly(不经意地) imply that this behaviour is widespread and thus permissible.Cialdini recommends some careful framing of the message."Instead of normalising the undesirable behaviour,the message needs to marginalise it,for example,by stating that if even one person buys yet another SUV,it reduces our ability to be energy-independent."[M]Tapping into how we already see ourselves is crucial.The most successful environmental strategy will marry the green message to our own sense of identity.Take your average trade union member,chances are they will be politically motivated and be used to collective action--much like Erica Gregory.A retired member of the Public and Commercial Services Union,she is setting up one of1,100action groups with the support of Climate Solidarity,a two-year environmental campaign aimed at trade unionists.[N]Erica is proof that a great-grandmother can help to lead the revolution if you get the psychology right--in this case,by matching her enthusiasm for the environment with a fondness for organising groups."I think it's a terrific idea,"she says of the campaign."The union backing it makes members think there mustbe something in it."She is expecting up to20people at the first meeting she has called,at her local pub in the Cornish village of Polperro.[O]Nick Perks,project director for Climate Solidarity,believes this sort of activity is where the future of environmental action lies."Using existing civil society structures or networks is a more effective way of creating change..,and obviously trade unions are one of the biggest civil society networks in the UK,"he says.The"Love Food,Hate Waste"campaign entered into a collaboration last year with another such network--the Women's Institute.Londoner Rachel Taylor joined the campaign with the aim of making new friends.A year on,the meetings have made lasting changes to what she throws away in her kitchen."It's always more of an incentive if you're doing it with other people,"she says."It motivates you more if you know that you've got to provide feedback to a group."[P]The power of such simple psychology in fighting climate change is attracting attention across the political establishment.In the US,the House of Representatives Science Committee has approved a bill allocating$10million a year to studying energy-related behaviour.In the UK,new studies are in development and social scientists are regularly spotted in British government offices.With the help of psychologists,there is fresh hope that he might go green after all.36.When people find they are powerless to change a situation,they tend to live with it.37.To be effective,environmental messages should be carefully framed.38.It is the government's responsibility to persuade people into making environment-friendly decisions.39.Politicians are beginning to realize the importance of enlisting psychologists'help in fighting climate change.40.To find effective solutions to climate change,it is necessary to understand what motivates people to make change.41.In their evolution,humans have learned to pay attention to the most urgent issues instead of long-term concerns.42.One study shows that our neighbours'actions are influential in changing our behaviour.43.Despite clear signs of global warming,it is not easy for most people to believe climate change will affect their own lives.44.We should take our future into consideration in making decisions concerning climate change before it is too late.45.Existing social networks can be more effective in creating change in people's behaviour. Section CPassage OneMore than a decade ago,cognitive scientists John Bransford and Daniel Schwartz,both then at Vanderbilt University,found that what distinguished young adults from children was not the ability to retain facts or apply prior knowledge to a new situation but a quality they called"preparation for future learning." The researchers asked fifth graders and college students to create a recovery plan to protect bald eagles from extinction.Shockingly,the two groups came up with plans of similar quality(although the college students had better spelling skills).From the standpoint of a traditional educator,this outcome indicated that schooling had failed to help students think about ecosystems and extinction,major scientific ideas.The researchers decided to go deeper,however.They asked both groups to generate questions about important issues needed to create recovery plans.On this task,they found large differences.College students focused on critical issues of interdependence between eagles and their habitats(栖息地).Fifth graders tended to focus on features of individual eagles("How big are they?"and"What do they eat?").The college students had cultivated the ability to ask questions,the cornerstone of critical thinking.They had learned how to learn.Museums and other institutions of informal learning may be better suited to teach this skill thanelementary and secondary schools.At the Exploratorium in San Francisco,we recently studied how learning to ask good questions can affect the quality of people's scientific inquiry.We found that when we taught participants to ask "What if?."and "How can?"questions that nobody present would know the answer to and that would spark exploration,they engaged in better inquiry at the next exhibit--asking more questions,performing more experiments and making better interpretations of their results.Specifically,their questions became more comprehensive at the new exhibit.Rather than merely asking about something they wanted to try,they tended to include both cause and effect in their question.Asldng juicy questions appears to be a transferable skill for deepening collaborative inquiry into the science content found in exhibits.This type of learning is not confined to museums or institutional rmal learning environments tolerate failure better than schools.Perhaps many teachers have too little time to allow students to form and pursue their own questions and too much ground to cover in the curriculum.But people must acquire this skill somewhere.Our society depends on them being able to make critical decisions about their own medical treatment,say,or what we must do about global energy needs and demands.For that,we have a robust informal learning system that gives no grades,takes all comers,and is available even on holidays and weekends.46.What is traditional educators'interpretation of the research outcome mentioned in the first paragraph?A)Students are not able to apply prior knowledge to new problems.B)College students are no better than fifth graders in memorizing facts.C)Education has not paid enough attention to major environmental issues.D)Education has failed to lead students to think about major scientific ideas.47.In what way are college students different from children?A)They have learned to think critically.B)They are concerned about social issues.C)They are curious about specific features.D)They have learned to work independently.48.What is the benefit of asking questions with no ready answers?A)It arouses students'interest in things around them.B)It cultivates students'ability to make scientific inquiries.C)It trains students'ability to design scientific experiments.D)It helps students realize not every question has an answer.49.What is said to be the advantage of informal learning?A)It allows for failures.C)It charges no tuition.B)It is entertaining.D)It meets practical needs.50.What does the author seem to encourage educators to do at the end of the passage?A)Train students to think about global issues.B)Design more interactive classroom activities.C)Make full use of informal learning resources.D)Include collaborative inquiry in the curriculum.Passage Two "There's an old saying in the space world:amateurs talk about technology,professionals talk about insurance."In an interview last year with The Economist,George Whitesides,chief executive of space-tourism firm Virgin Galactic,was placing his company in the latter category.But insurance will be cold comfort following the failure on October 31st of VSS Enterprise,resulting in the death of one pilot and the severe injury to another.On top of the tragic loss of life,the accident in California will cast a long shadow over the future of space tourism,even before it has properly begun.The notion of space tourism took hold in 2001with a $20million flight aboard a Russian spacecraft by Dennis Tito,a millionaire engineer with an adventurous streak.Just half a dozen holiday-makers have reached orbit since then,for similarly astronomical price tags.But more recently,companies have begun to plan more affordable "suborbital"flights--briefer ventures just to the edge of space's vast darkness.Virgin Galactic had,prior to this week's accident,seemed closest to starting regular flights.The company has already taken deposits from around 800would-be space tourists,including Stephen Hawking.After being dogged by technical delays for years,Sir Richard Branson,Virgin Galactic's founder,had recently suggested that a SpaceShipTwo craft would carry its first paying customers as soon as February 2015.That now seems an impossible timeline.In July,a sister craft of the crashed spaceplane was reported to be about half-finished.The other half will have to wait,as authorities of America's Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)and National Transportation Safety Board work out what went wrong.In the meantime,the entire space tourism industry will be on tenterhooks (坐立不安).The 2004Commercial Space Launch Amendments Act,intended to encourage private space vehicles and services,prohibits the transportation secretary (and thereby the FAA)from regulating the design or operation of private spacecraft,unless they have resulted in a serious or fatal injury to crew or passengers.That means that the FAA could suspend Virgin Galactic's licence to fly.It could also insist on checking private manned spacecraft as thoroughly as it does commercial aircraft.While that may make suborbital travel safer,it would add significant cost and complexity to an emerging industry that has until now operated largely as the playground of billionaires and dreamy engineers.How Virgin Galactic,regulators and the public respond to this most recent tragedy will determine whether and how soon private space travel can transcend that playground.There is no doubt that spaceflight entails risks,and to pioneer a new mode of travel is to face those risks,and to reduce them with the benefit of hard-won experience.51.What is said about the failure of VSS Enterprise?A)It may lead to the bankruptcy of Virgin Galactic.B)It has a strong negative impact on space tourism.C)It may discourage rich people from space travel.D)It has aroused public attention to safety issues.52.What do we learn about the space-tourism firm Virgin Galactic?A)It has just built a craft for commercial flights.C)It was about ready to start regular business.B)It has sent half a dozen passengers into space.D)It is the first to launch "suborbital"flights.53.What is the purpose of the 2004Commercial Space Launch Amendments Act?A)To ensure space travel safety.B)To limit the FAA's functions.C)To legalize private space explorations D)To promote the space tourism industry.54.What might the FAA do after the recent accident in California?A)Impose more rigid safety standards.B)Stop certifying new space-tourist agencies.C)Amend its 2004Commercial Space Launch Amendments Act.D)Suspend Virgin Galactic's licence to take passengers into space.55.What does the author think of private space travel?A)It is worth promoting despite the risks involved C)It should be strictly regulated.B)It should not be confined to the rich only.D)It is too risky to carry on.2015.12-2Section A According to a report from the Harvard School of Public Health,many everyday products,including some bug sprays and cleaning fluids,could lead to an increased risk of brain and behavioral disorders in children.The developing brain,the report says,is particularly 36to the toxic effects of certain chemicals these products may contain,and the damage they cause can be 37.The official policy,however,is still evolving.Health and environmental 38have long urged ernment agencies to 39the use of some of the 11chemicals the report cites and called for more studies on their long-term effects.In 2001,for example,the Environmental Protection Agency 40thetype and amount of lead that could be present in paint and soil in homes and child-care 41,after concerns were raised about lead poisoning.The agency is now 42the toxic effects of some of the chemicals in the latest report.But the threshold for regulation is high.Because children's brain and behavioral disorders,like hyperactivity and lower grades,can also be linked to social and genetic factors,it's tough to pin them on exposure to specific chemicals with solid 43evidence,which is what the EPA requires.Even the Harvard study did not prove a direct 44but noted strong associations between exposure and risk of behavioral issues.Nonetheless,it's smart to 45caution.While it may be impossible to prevent kids from drinking tap water that may contain trace amounts of chemicals,keeping kids away from lawns recently sprayed with chemicals and freshly dry-cleaned clothes can't hurt.A.advocates pact C.correlation D.exercise E.facilities F.interaction G.investigating H.overwhelmed I.particles J.permanent K.restricted L.simulating M.statistical N.tighten O.vulnerable Section B [A ]Politicians are fond of promising rapid energy transitions.Whether it is a transition from imported to domestic oil or from coal-powered electricity production to natural-gas power plants,politicians love to talk big.Unfortunately for them (and often the taxpayers),our energy systems are a bit like an aircraft carrier:they are unbelievably expensive,they are built to last for a very long time,they have a huge amount of inertia (meaning it takes a lot of energy to set them moving ),and they have a lot of momentum once they are set in motion.No matter how hard you try,you can't turn something that large on a dime (10美分硬币),or even a few thousand dimes.[B ]In physics,moving objects have two characteristics relevant to understanding the dynamics of energy systems:inertia and momentum.Inertia is the resistance of objects to efforts to change their state of motion.If you try to push a boulder (大圆石),it pushes you back.Once you have started the boulder rolling,it develops momentum,which is defined by its mass and velocity.Momentum is said to be "conserved,"that is,once you build it up,it has to go somewhere.So a heavy object,like a football player moving at a high speed,has a lot of momentum-that is,once he is moving,it is hard to change his state of motion.If you want to change his course,you have only a few choices:you can stop him,transferring (possibly painfully)some of his kinetic energy (动能)to your own body,or you can approach alongside and slowly apply pressure to gradually alter his course.[C ]But there are other kinds of momentum as well.After all,we don't speak only of objects or people as having momentum;we speak of entire systems having momentum.Whether it's a sports team or a presidential campaign,everybody relishes having the big momentum,because it makes them harder to stop or change direction.[D ]One kind of momentum is technological momentum.When a technology is deployed,its impacts reach far beyond itself.Consider the incandescent (白炽灯的)bulb,an object currently hated by many environmentalists and energy-efficiency advocates.The incandescent light bulb,invented by Thomas Edison,which came to be the symbol of inspiration,has been developed into hundreds,if not thousands,of forms.Today,a visit to a lighting store reveals a stunning array of choices.There are standard-shaped bulbs,flame-shaped bulbs,colored globe-shaped bulbs,and more.It is quite easy,with all that choice,to change a light bulb.[E ]But the momentum of incandescent lighting does not stop there.All of those specialized bulbs ledto the building of specialized light fixtures,from the desk lamp you study by,to the ugly but beloved hand-painted Chinese lamp you inherited from your grandmother,to the ceiling fixture in your closet,to the light in your oven or refrigerator,and to the light that the dentist points at you.It is easy to change a lightbulb,sure,but it is harder to change the bulb and its fixture.[F]And there is more to the story,because not only are the devices that house incandescent bulbs shaped to their underlying characteristics,but rooms and entire buildings have been designed in accordance with how incandescent lighting reflects off walls and windows.[G]As lighting expert Howard Brandston points out,“Generally,there are no bad light sources,only bad applications."There are some very commendable characteristics of the CFL[compact fluorescent(荧光的)light bulb],yet the selection of any light source remains inseparable from the luminaire(照明装置) that houses it,along with the space in which both are installed,and lighting requirements that need to be satisfied.The lamp,the fixture,and the room,all three must work in concert for the true benefits of end-users.If the CFL should be used for lighting a particular space,or an object within that space,the fixture must be designed to work with that lamp,and that fixture with the room.It is a symbiotic(共生的) relationship.A CFL cannot be simply installed in an incandescent fixture and then expected to produce a visual appearance that is more than washed out,foggy,and dim.The whole fixture must be replaced-light source and luminaire-and this is never an inexpensive proposition.[H]And Brandston knows a thing or two about lighting,being the man who illuminated the Statue of Liberty.[I]Another type of momentum we have to think about when planning for changes in our energy systems is labor-pool momentum.It is one thing to say that we are going to shift30percent of our electricity supply from,say,coal to nuclear power in20years.But it is another thing to have a supply of trained talent that could let you carry out this promise.That is because the engineers,designers,regulators,operators,and all of the other skilled people needed for the new energy industry are specialists who have to be trained first (or retrained,if they are the ones being laid off in some related industry),and education,like any other complicated endeavor,takes time.And not only do our prospective new energy workers have to be trained, they have to be trained in the right sequence.One needs the designers,and perhaps the regulators,before the builders and operators,and each group of workers in training has to know there is work waiting beyond graduation.In some cases,colleges and universities might have to change their training programs, adding another layer of difficulty.[J]By far the biggest type of momentum that comes into play when it comes to changing our energy systems is economic momentum.The major components of our energy systems,such as fuel production, refining,electrical generation and distribution,are costly installations that have lengthy life spans.They have to operate for long periods of time before the costs of development have been recovered.When investors put up money to build,say,a nuclear power plant,they expect to earn that money back over the planned life of the plant,which is typically between40and60years.Some coal power plants in the United States have operated for more than70years!The oldest continuously operated commercial hydro-electric plant in the United States is on New York's Hudson River,and it went into commercial service in1898.[K]As Vaclav Smil points out,"All the forecasts,plans,and anticipations cited above have failed so miserably because their authors and promoters thought the transitions they hoped to implement would proceed unlike all previous energy transitions,and that their progress could be accelerated in an unprecedented manner."[L]When you hear people speaking of making a rapid transition toward any type of energy,whether it is a switch from coal to nuclear power,or a switch from gasoline-powered cars to electric cars,or even a switch.from an incandescent to a fluorescent light,understanding energy system inertia and momentum can help you decide whether their plans are feasible.46.Not only moving objects and people but all systems have momentum.47.Changing the current energy system requires the systematic training of professionals and skilled labor.48.Changing a light bulb is easier than changing the fixture housing it.49.Efforts to accelerate the current energy transitions didn't succeed as expected.50.To change the light source is costly because you have to change the whole fixture.51.Energy systems,like an aircraft carrier set in motion,have huge momentum.52.The problem with lighting,if it arises,often doesn't lie in light sources but in their applications.53.The biggest obstacle to energy transition is that the present energy system is too expensive to replace.54.The application of a technology can impact areas beyond itself.55.Physical characteristics of moving objects help explain the dynamics of energy systems.Section C Passage One One hundred years ago,"Colored"was the typical way of referring to Americans of African descent.Twenty years later,it was purposefully dropped to make way for "Negro."By the late 1960s,that term was overtaken by "Black."And then,at a press conference in Chicago in 1988,Jesse Jackson declared that "African American"was the term to embrace.This one was chosen because it echoed the labels of groups,such as "Italian Americans"and "Irish Americans,"that had already been freed of widespread discrimination.A century's worth of calculated name changes point to the fact that naming any group is a politically freighted exercise.A 2001study cataloged all the ways in which the term "Black"carried connotations (涵义)that were more negative than those of "African American."But if it was known that "Black"people were viewed differently from "African Americans,"researchers,until now,hadn't identified what that gap in perception was derived from.A recent study,conducted by Emory University's Erika Hall,found that "Black"people are viewed more negatively.than "African Americans"because of a perceived difference in socioeconomic status.As a result,"Black"people are thought of as less competent and as having colder personalities.The study's most striking findings shed light on the racial biases permeating the professional world.Even seemingly harmless details on a resume,it appears,can tap into recruiters'biases.A job application might mention affiliations with groups such as the "Wisconsin Association of African-American Lawyers"or the "National Black Employees Association,"the names of which apparently have consequences,and are also beyond their members'control.In one of the study's experiments,subjects were given a brief description of a man from Chicago with the last name Williams.To one group,he was identified as "African-American,"and another was told he was "Black."With little else to go on,they were asked to estimate Mr.Williams's salary,professional standing,and educational background.The "African-American"group estimated that he earned about $37,000a year and had a two-year college degree.The "Black"group,on the other hand,put his salary at about $29,000,and guessed that he had only "some"college experience.Nearly three-quarters of the first group guessed that Mr.Williams worked at a managerial level,while only 38.5percent of the second group thought so.Hall's findings suggest there's an argument to be made for electing to use "African American,"though one can't help but get the sense that it's a decision that papers over the urgency of continued progress.Perhaps a new phrase is needed,one that can bring everyone one big step closer to realizing Du Bois's original,idealistic hope:"It's not the name-it's the Thing that counts."56.Why did Jesse Jackson embrace the term "African American"for people of African descent?A.It is free from racial biases.B.It represents social progress. C.It is in the interest of common Americans.D.It follows the standard naming practice.57.What does the author say about the naming of an ethnic group ?A.It advances with the times.B.It is based on racial roots. C.It merits intensive study.D.It is politically sensitive.。
17年英语六级考试阅读篇章含答案17年英语六级考试阅读篇章含答案It is while you are patiently toiling at the little tasks of life that the meaning and shape of great whole of life dawn on you.以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的17年英语六级考试阅读篇章含答案，希望能给大家带来帮助!There are spectacular differences between financial markets on the Continent of Europe on the one hand, and in Britain on the other hand. In Britain, the market is really the City of London. It is a free market, and it controls most of the flow of savings to investment. On the Continent, either a few banks or government officials direct the flow of funds to suit their economic plans. In Germany the flow is directed by all-powerful banks. In Britain there is more free interplay of market forces and far fewer regulations, rules and “red tape”. A French banker summed it up this way: “On the Continent you can’t do anything unless you’re been told you can; in England on the other hand you can do everything as long as you haven’t been told not to.”There are many basic reasons for these differences. One is that Continental savers tend to prefer gold, cash or short-term assets. They invest only 10% of their savings in institutions like pension funds or insurance companies. But in Britain 50% of savings goes to them, and they, in turn, invest directly in equity market. A far lower proportion of savings is put in the banks in the form of liquid assets than on the Continent. Continental governments intervene directly or through the banks to collect savings together and transform them into medium or long-term loans for investment. The equity market is largely bypassed. On the Continent economic planning tends to be far morecentralized than in Britain. In Britain it is possible to influence deci sions affecting the country’s economy from within the City. It attracts a skilled and highly qualified work force. In France, on the other hand, an intelligent young man who wants a career in finance would probably find the civil service more attractive.In Britain the market, or more accurately, money tends to be regarded as an end in itself. On the Continent it is regarded as a means to an end: investment in the economy. To British eyes continental systems with possible exception of the Dutch seem slow and inefficient. But there is one outstanding fact the City should not overlook. Britain’s growth rates and levels of investment over the last ten years have been much lower than on the Continent. There are many reasons for this, but the City must take part of the blame. If it is accepted that the basic function of a financial market is to supply industry and commerce with finance in order to achieve desired rates of growth, it can be said that by concentrating on the market for its own sake the City has tended to forget that basic function.1.What is the best title of the passage?A.Savings and the Growth Rate.B.Banking and Finance: Two Different Realities.C.Monetary Policy in Britain.D.The European Continent and Britain.2.What seems to be the most fundamental reason for this difference?A.The British tend to regard money as an end, whereas Continental European consider it a means to an end.B.The British invest only 10% of their savings in pension funds.C.On the Continent you can’t do anything unless you havebeen told you can.D.Intelligent young men who want a career tend to go to civil service on the Continent.3.According to the passage, the Dutch way of finance and banking ___.A.is similar to that of the French.B.makes no difference whatever system it is compared to.C.is perhaps resembling that of the British.D.has a low efficiency.4.The word “outstanding” in Line 4, Para 3___A.beatingB.surplusC.noticeableD.seemingly5.In what way does the continental system seem better?A.The Continent maintains a higher growth rate and levels of investment.B.It has less proportion of savings in the form of liquid assets.C.It attracts intelligent young men.D.In functions properly despite the fact that the British discount it.答案：BACCA【17年英语六级考试阅读篇章含答案】。
2017年英语六级阅读理解题及答案2017年英语六级考试离我们不远了，为了帮助考生备考阅读理解题，接下来，店铺为你分享2017年英语六级阅读理解题，希望对你有帮助。
2017年英语六级阅读理解题(一)In the last two hundred years there have been great changes in the method of production of goods. This is now also true of the building industry; for mechanization has been introduced. System building can save both time and money. The principle of system building is that the building is made from a set of standard units. These are either made at the building-site or at a factory. Some designers, in fact, are standardizing the dimensions of rooms. They are made in multiples of a single fixed length, usually ten centimeters. This is called a modular (标准件的) system, and it means that manufactures can produce standardized fittings at a lower cost. The most important fact about system building is its speed. A ten-storey flat, for example, can be completed in four months.There are several new methods of system building. One is the panel method. In this case, the construction company sometimes erects a factory on the site. The walls and floors of the building, called panels, are cast in a horizontal or vertical position. Conduits for electrical wires and sleeves for pipes are cast in the panels when they are being made. The moulds for making these castings are situated all around the building.After the concrete panels are cast, they are allowed to set and harden for a week. Next they are lifted by a tower crane on to any section of the building. There the panels are cemented together at their joints and the floor covering is laid.After the panels have been cemented together, the crane lifts a case into the area. It contains all the fittings to be installed, such as wash-basins, radiators and pipes. Finishing tradesmen, such as plumbers, plasterers, painters and electricians, follow behind to complete the work.In some building developments, in some countries, whole flats with internal features like their bathrooms, bedrooms and connecting stairs, and weighing as much as twenty tons, are carried to the building-site ready-made. A giant overhead crane is used to lift them into position. In the future, this method may become more widespread.2017年英语六级阅读理解题目及答案1. The main difference between panel method and the method discussed in the last paragraph is_______.A. the latter uses ready-made internal featuresB. panels are cast in a level positionC. the former is used to build walls and floors while the latter to construct bathrooms or bedroomsD. the former is more expensive than the latter2. Which of these statements is TRUE of system building?A. It employs more men.B. It is difficult and dangerous.C. It can save both time and money.D. It means less mechanization.3. According to the passage, the principle of system building is that_______.A. construction methods are saferB. buildings are made from a set of standardized unitsC. similar buildings can be producedD. all units are produced on the site4. The usual fixed length in the modular system is_______.A. twenty centimetersB. ten millimetersC. fifty centimetersD. ten centimeters5. What lifts the concrete panels onto the building?A. Cranes.B. Man-power.C. Pulleys.D. Hydraulic jacks.参考答案： 1. A 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. A2017年英语六级阅读理解题(二)According to the latest research in the' United States of America, men and women talk such different languages that it is like people from two different cultures trying to communicate. Professor Deborah Tannen of Georgetown University, has noticed the difference in the style of boy's and girl's conversations from an early age. She says that little girls' conversation is less definite than boys' and expresses more doubts. Little boys use conversation to establish status with their listeners.These differences continue into adult life, she says. In public conversations, men talk most and interrupt other speakers more. In private conversations, men and women speak in equal amounts—although they say things in a different style. Professor Tannen believes that, for woman, private talking is a way to establish and test intimacy. For men, private talking is a way to explore the power structure of a relationship.Teaching is one job where the differences between men's and women's ways of talking show. When a man teaches a woman, says Professor Tannen, he wants to show that he has more knowledge, and hence more power in conversation. When a woman teaches another woman, however, she is more likely to take a sharing approach and to encourage her student to join in. But Professor Tannen does not believe that women are naturally more helpful. She says women feel they achieve power by beingable to help others. Although the research suggests men talk and interrupt people more than women, Professor Tannen says, women actually encourage this to happen because they believe it will lead to more intimacy and help to establish a relationship.Some scientists who are studying speech think that the brain is pre¬programmed for language. As we are usually taught to speak by women, it seems likely that the brain must have a sexual bias(倾向性) in its programming,otherwise male speech patterns would not arise at all. 2017年英语六级阅读理解题目及答案1. In the opinion of the writer, women encourage men to talk becauseA. it will lead to more intimacy and help to establish a relationshipB. it will help to establish status with their listenersC. it will help to express more clearlyD. it will help to communicate better2. There are_______in little girls' conversation than in boys'.A. fewer doubtsB. more demandsC. more doubtsD. fewer uncertainties3. Some scientists believe that brain is pre-programmed for language. The word "pre programmed" means_______.A. programmed alreadyB. programmed before one is bornC. programmed earlyD. programmed by women4. In private conversation, women speakA. the same things as menB. less than menC. more than menD. as much as men5. The theme of this article is _______.A. women are naturally more helpfulB. men and women talk different languagesC. men talk most and interrupt other speakers moreD. little girls' conversation is less definite答案：1. A 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. B。
2017年6月六级考试第一套真题及详细解析————————————————————————————————作者：————————————————————————————————日期：作文一：国内国外上大学Directions: Suppose you are asked to give advice on whether to attend college at home or abroad, write an essay to state your opinion. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.参考答案Nowadays, there has been a heated discussion as to a better choice between attending college at home and abroad. Views on the topic vary greatly among people from different walks of life. Some believe that it is a better choice to study in domestic colleges, but others consider it better to study abroad. I totally agree with the latter idea for the reasons presented below. To begin with, it harms the society in that the greater the competition is, the higher the recruitment requirements will become. Therefore, with experiences of studying abroad, graduates will become more competitive in job hunting. Furthermore, it is beneficial to the students themselves to study abroad. Without the choice to pursue overseas study, many great scholars today would never have achieved such great success. From my perspective, it is crucial that the government should encourage people to pursue overseas study. Also it is crucial that people should understand the meaning and value of attending college abroad. Only in this way can we achieve greater success.作文二：文科还是理科Directions: Suppose you are asked to give advice on whether to major in humanities or science, write an essay to state your opinion. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.参考范文：Living in a world which is full of changes and challenges,we are confronted with new problems every single day. Of all the issues, one might concern the high school graduates the most, and it is if there are two options: to major in science or humanities. As for me, I prefer the latter.Why,you may wonder, should I prefer to major in humanities. The reasons responsible for it can be listed as follows .Among the most important reasons cited by people is that to major in humanities，directly or indirectly，can not only enrich our basic knowledge about the diversified culture but also sharpen one’s insight in daily routine，which is of great importance in one’s growth.What’s more, to study humanities can give us an independent personality and a deeper vision towards the world, if it were not for those two attributes, how could we achieve great goals in this dog-eat-dog world.Above all, in such a society where emphasis，more often than not，is laid on the depth of one’s thought, to choose humanities as one’s major, must be the best way .To major humanities, so at least it seems to me, is preferable for college students, if they had the chance, in the process of which we will develop an innovative thought mode.As a proverb goes ,there is no difficulty that an innovative thought mode can not solve, no door that an innovative thought mode can not open, no mountain that an innovative thought mode can not surmount.作文三：选择综合类大学还是职业题目：Directions: Suppose you are asked to give advice on whether to attend a vocational college or a university, write an essay to state your opinion. You are required to write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.参考范文：With the flourish of education industry, modern students are faced with more alternatives to continue their further education. Both attending a vocational college or a university serves as two main options for the high school graduates. In terms of which to choose and what to be taken into consideration, I shall advise as follows:Primarily, self-orientation matters the most when it comes to a issue like this. Obviously, the main task of vocational college is cultivating human resource with practical capability. Instead, university serves as the cradle of academic researchers in different areas. Therefore, being aware of your self-expectation with a clear future blueprint lays a foundation for this important decision.Apart from what has been mentioned above, personal interest also plays a key role in it. For both passion and motivation are derived from interest, which not only decide how far you can reach academically and professionally but also how happy and fulfilled you will be .To sum up, a clear recognition of self orientation and personal interest will decide whether you will tick the box of vocational college or university. Only in this way can we get the most out of the further education.六级听力解析：Long conversation 1Q1: B Having friendly colleagues解析：原文中前半部分男士说到：“The most important factor for the majority of the people interviewed was having friendly, supportive colleagues.” 对于大部分接受采访的人来说，最重要的因素是拥有友好的、互相支持的同事们。
2017 年6 月大学英语六级考试真题(第1 套)Part ⅠWriting (30 minutes)Directions: Suppose you are asked to give advice on whether to attend a vocational college or a university, write an essay to state your opinion. You are required to write at least 150 words but no morethan 200 words.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Part ⅡListening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections : In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After youhear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) andD). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through thecentre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1.A) He would feel insulted. B) He would feel very sad.C) He would be embarrassed. D) He would be disappointed.2.A) They are worthy of a prize. B) They are of little value.C)They make good reading. D) They need improvement.3.A) He seldom writes a book straight through.B)He writes several books simultaneously.C)He draws on his real-life experiences.D)He often turns to his wife for help.4.A) Writing a book is just like watching a football match.B)Writers actually work every bit as hard as footballers.C)He likes watching a football match after finishing a book.D)Unlike a football match, there is no end to writing a book.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5.A) A chievements of black male athletes in college.B)Financial assistance to black athletes in college.C)High college dropout rates among black athletes.D)Undergraduate enrollments of black athletes.6.A) They display great talent in every kind of game.B)They are better at sports than at academic work.C)They have difficulty finding money to complete their studies.D)They make money for the college but often fail to earn a degree.7.A) About 15%. B) Around 40%.C)Slightly over 50%. D) Approximately 70%.8.A) Coaches lack the incentive to graduate them.B)College degrees do not count much to them.C)They have little interest in academic work.D)Schools do not deem it a serious problem.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear aquestion, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre. Questions 9 to 12 are based on the passage you have just heard.9.A) Marketing strategies. B) Holiday shopping.C) Shopping malls. D) Online stores.10.A) About 50% of holiday shoppers.B)About 20-30% of holiday shoppers.C)About 136 million.D)About 183.8 million.11.A) They have fewer customers.B)They find it hard to survive.C)They are thriving once more.D)They appeal to elderly customers.12.A) Better quality of consumer goods.B)Higher employment and wages.C)Greater varieties of commodities.D)People having more leisure time.Questions 13 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.13.A) They are new species of big insects.B)They are overprescribed antibiotics.C)They are life-threatening diseases.D)They are antibiotic-resistant bacteria.14.A) Antibiotics are now in short supply.B)Many infections are no longer curable.C)Large amounts of tax money are wasted.D)Routine operations have become complex.15.A) Facilities.B)Expertise.C)Money.D)Publicity.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choosethe best answer from the four choices marked A), B), CJ and D). Then mark the correspondingletter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.16.A) It is accessible only to the talented.B)It improves students’ ability to t hink.C)It starts a lifelong learning process.D)It gives birth to many eminent scholars.17.A) They encourage academic democracy.B)They promote globalization.C)They uphold the presidents’ authority.D)They protect students’rights.18.A) His thirst for knowledge. B) His eagerness to find a job.C) His contempt for authority. D) His potential for leadership.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the recording you have just heard.19.A) Few people know how to retrieve information properly.B)People can enhance their memory with a few tricks.C)Most people have a rather poor long-term memory.D)People tend to underestimate their mental powers.20.A) They present the states in a surprisingly different order.B)They include more or less the same number of states.C)They are exactly the same as is shown in the atlas.D)They contain names of the most familiar states.21.A) Focusing on what is likely to be tested.B)Having a good sleep the night before.C)Reviewing your lessons where the exam is to take place.D)Making sensible decisions while choosing your answers.22.A) Discover when you can learn best.B) Change your time of study daily.B)Give yourself a double bonus afterwards.D) Follow the example of a marathon runner.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.23.A) He is a politician. B) He is a businessman.C)He is a sociologist. D) He is an economist.24.A) In slums.B)In Africa.C)In pre-industrial societies.D)In developing countries.25.A) They have no access to health care, let alone entertainment or recreation.B)Their income is less than 50% of the national average family income.C)They work extra hours to have their basic needs met.D)Their children cannot afford to go to private schools.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passagethrough carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single linethrough the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Let’s all stop judging people who talk to themselves. New research says that those who can’t seem to keep their inner monologues( 独白) in are actually more likely to stay on task, remain 26 better and show improved perception capabilities. Not bad, really, for some extra muttering.According to a series of experiments published in the Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychologyby professors Gary Lupyan and Daniel Swignley, the act of using verbal clues to 27 mental pictures helps people function quicker.In one experiment, they showed pictures of various objects to twenty 28 and asked them to findjust one of those, a banana. Half were 29 to repeat out loud what they were looking for and the other half kept their lips 30 . Those who talked to themselves found the banana slightly faster than those who didn’t，the researchers say. In other experiments, Lupyan and Swignley found that 31 the name of a common product when on the hunt for it helped quicken someone’s pace, but talking about uncommon items showed no advantage and slowed you down.Common research has long held that talking themselves through a task helps children learn, although doing so when you’ve 32 matured is not a great sign of 33 . The two professors hope to refute that idea, 34 that just as when kids walk themselves through a process, adults can benefit from using language not just to communicate, but also to help “augment thinking”.Of course, you are still encouraged to keep the talking at library tones and, whatever you do, keep the information you share simple, like a grocery list. At any 35 , there’s still such a thing as too much information.Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph fromwhich the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.Eachparagraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the correspondingletter on Answer Sheet 2.Rich Children and Poor Ones Are Raised Very Differently[A]The lives of children from rich and poor American families look more different than ever before.[B]Well-off families are ruled by calendars, with children enrolled in ballet, soccer and after-school programs, according to a new Pew Research Center survey. There are usually two parents, who spend a lotof time reading to children and worrying about their anxiety levels and hectic schedules.[C]In poor families, meanwhile, children tend to spend their time at home or with extended family. They are more likely to grow up in neighborhoods that their parents say aren’t great for raising children, and their parents worry about them getting shot, beaten up or in trouble with the law.[D]The class differences in child rearing are growing — a symptom of widening inequality withfar-reaching consequences. Different upbringings set children on different paths and can deepen socioeconomic divisions, especially because education is strongly linked to earnings. Children grow up learning the skills to succeed in their socioeconomic stratum (阶层), but not necessarily others.[E]“Early childhood experiences can be very consequential for children’s long-term social, emotional and cognitive development,” said Sean Reardon, professor of poverty and inequality in education at Stanford University. “And because those influence educational success and later earnings, early childhood experien ces cast a lifelong shadow.” The cycle continues: Poorer parents have less time and fewer resources to invest in their children, which can leave children less prepared for school and work, which leads to lower earnings.[F]American parents want similar things for their children, the Pew report and past research have found: for them to be healthy and happy, honest and ethical, caring and compassionate. There is no best parenting style or philosophy, researchers say, and across income groups, 92% of parents say they are doing a good job at raising their children. Yet they are doing it quite differently. Middle-class and higher- income parents see their children as projects in need of careful cultivation, says Annette Lareau, whose groundbreaking research on the topic was published in her book Unequal Childhoods: Class, Race and Family Life. They try to develop their skills through close supervision and organized activities, and teach children to question authority figures and navigate elite i nstitutions.[G]Working-class parents, meanwhile, believe their children will naturally thrive, and give them far greater independence and time for free play. They are taught to be compliant and respectful to adults. There are benefits to both approaches. Working-class children are happier, more independent, complain less andare closer with family members, Ms. Lareau found. Higher-income children are more likely to declare boredom and expect their parents to solve their problems. Yet later on, the more affluent children end up in college and on the way to the middle class, while working-class children tend to struggle. Children from higher-income families are likely to have the skills to navigate bureaucracies and succeed in schools and workplaces, Ms. Lareau said.[H]“Do all parents want the most success for their children? Absolutely,” she said. “Do some strategies give children more advantages than others in institutions? Probably they do. Will parents be damaging children if they have one fewer organized activity? No, I really doubt i t.”[I]Social scientists say the differences arise in part because low-income parents have less money to spend on music class or preschool, and less flexible schedules to take children to museums or attend school events. Extracurricular activities reflect the differences in child rearing in the Pew survey, which was of a nationally representative sample of 1,807 parents. Of families earning more than $75,000 a year, 84% say their children have participated in organized sports over the past year, 64% have done volunteer work and 62% have taken lessons in music, dance or art. Of families earning less than $30,000, 59% of children have done sports, 37% have volunteered and 41% have taken arts classes.[J]Especially in affluent families, children start young. Nearly half of high-earning, college-graduate parents enrolled their children in arts classes before they were 5, compared with one-fifth of low-income,less- educated parents. Nonetheless, 20% of well-off parents say their children’s schedules are too hectic, compared with 8% of poorer parents.[K]Another example is reading aloud, which studies have shown gives children bigger vocabulariesand better reading comprehension in school. 71% of parents with a college degree say they do it every day, compared with 33% of those with a high school diploma or less. White parents are more likely than othersto read to their children daily, as are married parents. Most affluent parents enroll their children in preschoolor day care, while low-income parents are more likely to depend on family members. Discipline techniques vary by education level: 8% of those with a postgraduate degree say they often beat their children, compared with 22% of those with a high school degree or less.[L]The survey also probed attitudes and anxieties. Interestingly, parents’ attitudes toward education do not seem to reflect their own educational background as much as a belief in the importance of education for upward mobility. Most American parents say they are not concerned about their children’s grades as long as they work hard. But 50% of poor parents say it is extremely important to them that their children earn a college degree, compared with 39% of wealthier parents.[M]Less-educated parents, and poorer and black and Latino parents are more likely to believe thatthere is no such thing as too much involvement in a child’s education. Parents who are white, wealthy or college- educated say too much involvement can be bad. Parental anxieties reflect their circumstances.High- earning parents are much more likely to say they live in a good neighborhood for raising children. While bullying is parents’ greatest concern over all, nearly half of low-income parents worry their childwill get shot, compared with one-fifth of high-income parents. They are more worried about their children being depressed or anxious.[N]In the Pew survey, middle-class families earning between $30,000 and $75,000 a year fell right between working-class and high-earning parents on issues like the quality of their neighborhood for raising children, participation in extracurricular activities and involvement in their children’ s education.[O]Children were not always raised so differently. The achievement gap between children from high-and low-income families is 30-40% larger among children born in 2001 than those born 25 years earlier, according to Mr. Reardon’ s research. People used to live near people of different income levels; neighborhoods are now more segregated by income. More than a quarter of children live in single-parent households — a historic high, according to Pew 一and these children are three times as likely to live in poverty as those who live with married parents. Meanwhile, growing income inequality has coincided with the increasing importance of a college degree for earning a middle-class w age.[P]Yet there are recent signs that the gap could be starting to shrink. In the past decade, even asincome inequality has grown, some of the socioeconomic differences in parenting, like reading to children and going to libraries, have narrowed.[Q]Public policies aimed at young children have helped, including public preschool programs and reading initiatives. Addressing differences in the earliest years, it seems, could reduce inequality in the next generation.36.Working-class parents teach their children to be obedient and show respect to adults.37.American parents, whether rich or poor, have similar expectations of their children despitedifferent ways of parenting.38.While rich parents are more concerned with their children’s psychological well-being, poor parents are more worried about their children’s safety.39.The increasing differences in child rearing between rich and poor families reflect growing social inequality.40.Parenting approaches of working-class and affluent families both have a dvantages.41.Higher-income families and working-class families now tend to live in different neighborhoods.42.Physical punishment is used much less by well-educated parents.43.Ms. Lareau doesn’t believe participating in fewer after-class activities will negatively affect children’s development.44.Wealthy parents are concerned about their children’s mental health and busy schedules.45.Some socioeconomic differences in child rearing have shrunk in the p ast ten years.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decideon the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single linethrough the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Tennessee’s technical and community colleges will not outsource(外包) management of their facilities to a private company, a decision one leader said was bolstered by an analysis of spending at each campus.In an email sent Monday to college presidents in the Tennessee Board of Regents system, outgoing Chancellor John Morgan said an internal analysis showed that each campus’ spending on facilities management fell well below the industry standards identified by the state. Morgan said those findings —which included data from the system’s 13 community colleges, 27 technical colleges and six universities —were part of the decision not to move forward with Governor Bill Haslam’s proposal to privatize management of state buildings in an effort to save money.“While these numbers are still being validated by the state, we feel any adjustments they might suggest will be immaterial,” Morgan wrote to the presidents. “System institutions are operating very efficiently based on this analysis, raising the question of the value of pursuing a broad scale outsourcing initiative.”Worker’s advocates have criticized Haslam’s plan, saying it would mean some campus workers would lose their jobs or benefits. Haslam has said colleges would be free to opt in or out of the out souring plan, which has not been finalized.Morgan notified the Haslam administration of his decision to opt out in a letter sent last week. That letter, which includes several concerns Morgan has with the plan, was originally obtained by The Commercial Appeal in Memphis.In an email statement from the state’s Office of Customer Focused Government, which is examining the possibility of outsourcing, spokeswoman Michelle R. Martin said officials were still working to analyze the data from the Board of Regents. Data on management expenses at the college system and in other state departments will be part of a “business justification” the state will use as offici als deliberate the specifics of an outsourcing plan.“The state’s facilities management project team is still in the process of developing its businessjustification and expects to have that completed and available to the public at the end of February,” Ma rtin said. “At this time there is nothing to take action on since the analysis has yet to be completed.”Morgan’s comments on outsourcing mark the second time this month that he has come out against one of Haslam’s plans for higher education in Tennessee. Morgan said last week that he would retire at the end of January because of the governor’s proposal to split off six universities of the Board of Regents system and create separate governing boards for each of them. In his resignation letter, Morgan called the reorganization “unworkable”.46.What do we learn about the decision of technical and community colleges in Tennessee?A)It is backed by a campus spending analysis.B)It has been flatly rejected by the governor.C)It has neglected their faculty’s demands.D )It will improve their financial situation.47.What does the campus spending analysis reveal?A)Private companies play a big role in campus management.B)Facilities management by colleges is more c ost-effective.C)Facilities management has greatly improved in recent years.D)Colleges exercise foil control over their own financial a ffairs.48.Workers’ supporters argue that Bill Haslam’s proposal would .A)deprive colleges of the right to manage their facilitiesB)make workers less motivated in performing dutiesC)render a number of campus workers joblessD)lead to the privatization of campus facilities49.What do we learn from the state spokeswoman’s response to John Morgan’s d ecision?A)The outsourcing plan is not yet finalized.B)The outsourcing plan will be implemented.C)The state officials are confident about the outsourcing plan.D)The college spending analysis justifies the outsourcing plan.50.Why did John Morgan decide to resign?A)He had lost confidence in the Tennessee state government.B)He disagreed with the governor on higher education policies.C)He thought the state’s outsourcing proposal was simply unworkable.D)He opposed the governor’s plan to reconstruct the college board system.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Beginning in the late sixteenth century, it became fashionable for young aristocrats to visit Paris, Venice, Florence, and above all, Rome, as the culmination(终极) of their classical education. Thus was born the idea of the Grand Tour, a practice which introduced Englishmen, Germans, Scandinavians, and also Americans to the art and culture of France and Italy for the next 300 years. Travel was arduous and costly throughout the period, possible only for a privileged class—the same that produced gentlemen scientists, authors, antique experts, and patrons of the arts.The Grand Tourist was typically a young man with a thorough grounding in Greek and Latin literature as well as some leisure time, some means, and some interest in art. The German traveler Johann Winckelmann pioneered the field of art history with his comprehensive study of Greek and Roman sculpture; he was portrayed by his friend Anton Raphael Mengs at the beginning of his long residence in Rome. Most Grand Tourists, however, stayed for briefer periods and set out with less scholarly intentions, accompanied by a teacher or guardian, and expected to return home with souvenirs of their travels as well as an understanding of art and architecture formed by exposure to great masterpieces.London was a frequent starting point for Grand Tourists, and Paris a compulsory destination; many traveled to the Netherlands, some to Switzerland and Germany, and a very few adventurers to Spain, Greece, or Turkey. The essential place to visit, however, was Italy. The British traveler Charles Thompsonspoke for many Grand Tourists when in 1744 he described himself as “being impatiently desirous of viewing a country so famous in history, a country which once gave laws to the world, and which is at present the greatest school of music and painting, contains the noblest productions of sculpture and architecture, and is filled with cabinets of rarities, and collections of all kinds of historical relics”. Within Italy, the great focus was Rome, whose ancient ruins and more recent achievements were shown to every G rand Tourist. Panini’s Ancient Rome and Modem Rome represent the sights most prized, including celebrated Greco-Romanstatues and views of famous ruins, fountains, and churches. Since there were few museums anywhere in Europe before the close of the eighteenth century, Grand Tourists often saw paintings and sculptures by gaining admission to private collections, and many were eager to acquire examples of Greco-Roman and Italian art for their own collections. In England, where architecture was increasingly seen as an aristocratic pursuit, noblemen often applied what they learned from the villas of Palladio in the Veneto and the evocative ( 唤起回忆的) ruins of Rome to their own country houses and gardens.51.What is said about the Grand Tour?A)It was fashionable among young people of the time.B)It was unaffordable for ordinary people.C)It produced some famous European artists.D)It made a compulsory part of college education.52.What did Grand Tourists have in common?A)They had much geographic knowledge.B)They were courageous and venturesome.C)They were versed in literature and interested in art.D)They had enough travel and outdoor-life experience.53.How did Grand Tourists benefit from their travel?A)They found inspiration in the world’s greatest masterpieces.B)They got a better understanding of early human civilization.C)They developed an interest in the origin of modem art forms.D)They gained some knowledge of classical art and architecture.54.Why did many Grand Tourists visit the private collections?A)They could buy unique souvenirs there to take back home.B)Europe hardly had any museums before the 19th century.C)They found the antiques there more valuable.D)Private collections were of greater variety.55.How did the Grand Tour influence the architecture in England?A)There appeared more and more Roman-style buildings.B)Many aristocrats began to move into Roman-style villas.C)Aristocrats，country houses all had Roman-style gardens.D) Italian architects were hired to design houses and gardens.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.唐朝始于618 年，终于907 年，是中国历史上最灿烂的时期。
2017年6月大学英语六级阅读理解精炼50篇10出门一日难(含答案)英语六级阅读理解精炼第10篇，练习关于出门一日难，含有六级阅读练习题，参考译文，答案等内容。
供正在准备英语六级考试的学习者参考学习。
10. culture shockculture shock is precipitated1 by the anxiety that results from losing all our familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse. those signs or cues include the thousand and one 2 ways in which we orient3 ourselves to the situation of daily life ; when to shake hands and what to say when we meet people , when and how to give tips, how to make purchases, when to accept and when to refuse invitations, when to take statements seriously and when not. these cues, which may be words, gestures, facial expressions, customs, or norms, are acquired by all of us in the course of growing up and are as much a part of our culture as the language we speak or the beliefs we accept. all of us depend for our peace of mind and our efficiency on hundreds of these cues, most of which we do not carry on the level of conscious awareness.now when an individual enters a strange culture, all or most of these familiar cues are removed. he or she is like a fish out of water4 . no matter how broad-minded5 or full of good will you may be , a series of props6 have been knocked from under you, followed by a feeling of frustration7 and anxiety. people react to the frustration in much the same way. first they reject the environment which causes the discomfort.“the ways of the host country are bad because they make us feel bad. ”when foreigners in a strange land get together to grouse about8 the host country and its people , you can be sure they are suffering from culture shock. another phase of culture shock is regression. the home environment suddenly assumes a tremendous importance. to the foreigner everything becomes irrationally glorified. all the difficulties and problems are forgotten and only the good things back home are remembered. it usually takes a trip home to bring one back to reality.some of the symptoms of culture shock are excessive washing of the hands, excessive concern over drinking water, food dishes, and bedding; fear of physical contact with attendants, the absent-minded stare; a feeling of helplessness and a desire for dependence on long-term residents of one’s own nationality; fits of anger over minor frustrations; great concern over minor pains and eruptions of the skin; and finally, that terrible longing to be back home. 9阅读自测Ⅰ. replace the underlined words with the phrases in the passage with the same meaning:1 . culture shock is caused by the anxiety that results from losing all our familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse .2 . those signs and cues include a lot of ways in which we act.3 . entering a new company with no friends help him, he feels uncomfortable.4 . although living abroad for5 years, she still feels homesick now and then.Ⅱ. question :what are the symptoms of culture shock?参考答案Ⅰ. 1. precipitated 2. the thousand and one 3. like a fish out of water 4 . longing to be back homeⅡ. some of the symptoms of culture shock are excessive washing of the hands, excessive 033 concern over drinking water, food dishes, and bedding; fear of physical contact with attendants, the absent-minded stare; a feeling of helplessness and a desire for dependence on long-term residents of one’s own nationality; fits of anger over minor frustrations; great concern over minor pains and eruptions of the skin; and finally, that terrible longing to be back home .参考译文出门一日难文化休克现象源自焦虑, 焦虑的原因是我们找不到熟悉的社会标志及特征。
这些标志或暗示包含了许多引导我们适应日常生活的方法: 什么时候握手, 与人见面时该说什么话, 什么时候及怎样给小费, 如何购物, 什么时候接受邀请, 什么时候拒绝邀请, 什么话需要严肃对待, 什么话不需要。
这些暗示可以是话语、手势、面部表情、风俗或者行为准则, 它们都是我们在成长的过程中获得的, 就像我们所说的语言或接受的信仰那样, 成为我们的文化的组成部分。
为了使心态平和, 工作高效, 我们大家都依赖于无数个这样的暗示, 其中大多数的暗示都不是我们有意识地进行传达的。
这时候, 一个人进入一种陌生的文化领域时, 他先前所熟悉的全部或者说大部分的暗示都消失了, 他就会感到无所适从。
不管你是如何的心胸开阔抑或热情高涨, 在失去了一个个依托之后, 你总会有一种挫败感和焦虑感。
面对挫折, 人们的反应几乎都是一样的。
首先, 人们会排斥给他们带来困苦的那种环境。
“ 东道国的生活方式不好是因为它们让我们觉得不舒服。
”当一群客居他国的同乡聚在一起抱怨东道国和东道国的人民时, 你就可以确定他们正饱受文化休克之苦。
文化休克的另一个阶段是回归。
家乡陡然变得异常重要。
对身居他乡的人而言, 家乡的一切都不合情理地变得荣光异彩。
他们将所有的麻烦与困惑都抛之脑后, 记住的都是家乡的美好事物。
通常, 只有回家一趟后才能让他重返现实。
文化休克引起的一些症状是: 频繁地洗手, 过度关心饮用水、食物及寝具问题, 害怕与服务生的身体接触, 看东西时心不在焉, 感到无助和希望从来自家乡的长期居住于此的人那里得到依靠感, 动辄大发脾气, 对小病痛和皮疹过度担忧等等, 最后, 就是急切地渴望回归故里。
阅读导释1. 这个词是“ ( 突如其来地) 使发生, 促成, 促使⋯⋯加快”的意思。
2. 注意了, 这里的the / a thousand and one 并不是真正意义上的一千零一, 而是一种概数的表达法, 泛指“很多, 非常多”。
这和我们汉语中的数字“三”的用法很相似, 如“ 三思而后行”中的“三”就表示“很多”的意思。
3. 这里作“ 使适应, 使熟悉情况/环境等”解, 如: the freshman took a while to orient himself. ( 那大学新生花了一些时间熟悉环境。
