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中考英语语法专项复习：简单句、并列句和复合句句子按结构可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。
复合句中包含宾语从句、状语从句或定语从句等。
◆一简单句简单句就是只包含一个主谓结构的句子，其句式结构主要有五种：①主 + 谓。
He works in a big company. 他在一家大公司工作。
②主 + 系 + 表。
She is a kind girl. 她是一个善良的女孩。
③主 + 谓 + 宾。
Ann eats junk food twice a week .安一周吃两次垃圾食品。
④主 + 谓 + 间宾 + 直宾。
He gave me a pen .他给我一支钢笔。
⑤主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补。
He kept me waiting for two hours .他让我等了两小时。
◆二并列句并列句由两个或两个以上的简单句连接而成。
并列句中的各简单句同等重要，没有从属关系，是并列的关系，之间用并列连词连接。
1. 表示顺承的并列连词有and / not only …but （also）等。
如：She not only gaveus a lot of advice, butalso helped us to overcome difficulties .他不仅给了我们很多建议，而且还帮助我们克服困难。
2. 表示选择的并列连词有or，either …or …等。
如：Either you or Maria will haveto go .你或玛丽亚得去一趟。
3. 表示转折的并列连词有but，yet，however 等。
如：It is hot in summer here , butit’s not cold in winter .这里夏天热，但冬天不冷。
4. 表示因果关系的并列连词有so，如：He works hard , so he is one of the topstudents in our class .因为他学习努力，所以他是我们班最优秀的学生之一。
人教版中考英语专项练习复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。
主句为句子的主体，从句可是做句子的一个成分。
依照从句在句子中的作用，能够把从句分为名词性从句〔主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句〕，定语从句和状语从句〔时间，地点，原因，条件，退步，方式，比较等〕三类。
一.宾语从句1.宾语从句依照引导词的不相同分为三各种类⑴由 that 引导的宾语从句，其中that 不做成分，可省略。
We all knew (that) we should learn from each other.⑵由 if/whether 引导的宾语从句。
Please tell me if/whether you have been to America.⑶由 who,where,how 等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。
Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office?2.宾语从句“三关〞⑴引导词关注意： whether 与 if 的差异只用 whether 的情况①在介词后边We don`t think about whether it would rain the next day.②在动词不定式前They asked me whether to sit at the front.③当与 or not 连用，或提出两种选择时Mary asked whether I wasdoing my homework or not at that time④宾语从句提前时Whether this is true or not, I can`t say⑤在动词 discuss 后的宾语从句中 We discussed whether we shouldhave a sports meeting next week.⑥引导表语从句或位于句首的主语从句用 whetherThe question was whether he went there last night只用 if 的情况① 引导否认看法的宾语从句时He asked me if I had`t finished my homework②引导条件状语从句时，if 意为“若是〞We`ll go hiking if it doesn`t rain tomorrow⑵语序关① 宾语从句假设为陈述句，语序不变② 宾语从句假设为一般疑问句或特别疑问句，语序复原为陈述语序⑶时态关① 若是主句是现在的时态，从句时态据实质情况而定② 若是主句是过去某种时态，从句时态必然变成过去某时态注意：宾语从句表述的是客观真理，自然现象时，只能用一般现在时3.人称变化：4.从句简化⑴当主句谓语动词是find, see,watch,hear等时，从句常简化为“宾语 +宾补〞结构，宾补为省to 不定式或 v+ing 形式She found that the wallet lay/lying on the ground. →She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.⑵当主句谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,forget等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句简化为不定式结构She agreed that she could help me with my maths→.She agreed to help me with my maths.⑶在连接代词 /副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句简化为“连接代词/副词 +不定式〞结构Can you tell me how I can get to the station?→Can you tell me how to get to the station?5.否认转移若是主句的谓语动词是believe,think,guess,suppose等，且主句主语是一人称时，后边所接宾语从句的否认词平时前移到主句中。
第二部分句类语法复合句（pound Sentences）Diligence result in success. 成功源于勤奋必考考点1：宾语从句◇B宾从①宾语从句的概念[宾语从句]即指在[主从复合句]中用作[宾语]的从句。
[宾语从句]的[词序]要用[陈述语序]·I don’t know what does he want.（×）·I don’t know what he wants.（√）巧思：什么是[陈述语序]？①[陈述语序]是指[陈述句的语序]：[主语+ 谓语+ (其他)]a. [主语]指：[名词]、[代词]、[动名词]和其他可以作[主语]的成分如：Apple He Doing Fiveb. [谓语]指：[（情态动词）] + [（助动词）] + [实义动词]部分（带括号的可以没有）②[宾语从句]的[陈述语序]是指：a. [引导词] + [主语] + [谓语] + [（其他）]如：I asked what he need.我问他需要什么。
b. [引导词] + [名词] + [主语] + [谓语] + [（其他）]如：Tell me whose wallet this is.告诉我这是谁的钱包。
c. [引导词] + [谓语] + [（其他）]：[引导词]作[主语]如：I don’t know who likes you.我不知道谁喜欢你。
②宾语从句的引导词a. 用[that]引导：[that]只起[引导词]作用，不充当[句子成分]，也没有[词义]，且通常可以[省略]·We think (that) he will help us.我们认为他会帮助我们。
·He said (that) he was good at English.他说他擅长英语。
b. 用[if]或[whether]引导：[if]和[whether]引导[宾语从句]，不充当[句子成分]，词义为“是否”·I don’t know if/whether he will e.我不知道他是否会来。
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十二、句子的种类（复合句)【考纲分析】1. 中考考纲: (1）宾语从句; （2) 状语从句； (3）定语从句 (能辨认出由that， which , who 引导的限定性定语从句,并能理解句子意思。
）2. 近5年中考复合句考点及分值分布年份题型分值考查内容2012年单项选择3宾语从句；状语从句；定语从句2013年单项选择3宾语从句；状语从句;定语从句2014年单项选择3宾语从句；状语从句；定语从句2015年单项选择3宾语从句；状语从句；定语从句2016年单项选择3宾语从句；状语从句；定语从句【自主学习】一、用who， that， which填空1.Do you know the girl can be good at singing and dancing？2。
Do you know the girl the teacher is talking to now？3。
I like the red pen my father bought for me yesterday。
4.The teacher always teaches his students everything he knows.5. 。
He is the kind of person helps others.6. .I like the movies make me happy。
人教版中考英语专项练习复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。
主句为句子的主体，从句只是做句子的一个成分。
根据从句在句子中的作用，可以把从句分为名词性从句（主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句），定语从句和状语从句（时间，地点，原因，条件，让步，方式，比较等）三类。
一.宾语从句1.宾语从句根据引导词的不同分为三种类型⑴由that引导的宾语从句，其中that不做成分，可省略。
We all knew (that) we should learn from each other.⑵由if/whether引导的宾语从句。
Please tell me if/whether you have been to America.⑶由who,where,how等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。
Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office?2.宾语从句“三关”⑴引导词关注意：whether与if的区别只用whether的情况①在介词后面We don`t think about whether it would rain the next day.②在动词不定式前They asked me whether to sit at the front.③当与or not连用，或提出两种选择时Mary asked whether I wasdoing my homework or not at that time④宾语从句提前时Whether this is true or not, I can`t say⑤在动词discuss后的宾语从句中We discussed whether we shouldhave a sports meeting next week.⑥引导表语从句或位于句首的主语从句用whetherThe question was whether he went there last night只用if的情况①引导否定概念的宾语从句时He asked me if I had`t finished my homework②引导条件状语从句时，if意为“如果”We`ll go hiking if it doesn`t rain tomorrow⑵语序关①宾语从句若为陈述句，语序不变②宾语从句若为一般疑问句或特殊疑问句，语序还原为陈述语序⑶时态关①如果主句是现在的时态，从句时态据实际情况而定②如果主句是过去某种时态，从句时态一定变为过去某时态注意：宾语从句表述的是客观真理，自然现象时，只能用一般现在时3.人称变化：4.从句简化⑴当主句谓语动词是find, see,watch,hear等时，从句常简化为“宾语+宾补”结构，宾补为省to不定式或v+ing形式She found that the wallet lay/lying on the ground.→She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.⑵当主句谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,forget等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句简化为不定式结构She agreed that she could help me with my maths. →She agreed to help me with my maths.⑶在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句简化为“连接代词/副词+不定式”结构Can you tell me how I can get to the station?→Can you tell me how to get to the station?5.否定转移如果主句的谓语动词是believe,think,guess,suppose等，且主句主语是一人称时，后面所接宾语从句的否定词通常前移到主句中。
英语语法之句子类型（简单句、并列句、复合句）句子类型句子按结构可分为：简单句、并列句、复合句三类。
一、简单句：简单句：简单句只有一个限定动词（即只有一个主谓结构），它是最小的句子单位。
主要起下列四种作用中的一种。
①作一种陈述②提出一个问题③发出一种命令或请求④表示一种感叹如：The boy hit the dog. / The dog bit the boy./The girl read the books. / The books pleased the girl. /Stephen apologized at once./Does the shop close at 7 tonight?/Shut the door./What a slow train this is!简单句的基本词序主语动词部分（谓语）宾语状语（方式地点时间）I bought a hat yesterday. The children ran home. The car stopped suddenly.两个简单句的主语可以连词and、but、both..and、either…or、neither…nor、not only…but also等连词连接组成一个简单句，但应注意主语和谓语动词的一致性。
The boss is flying to Paris. His secretary is flying to Paris.The boss and his secretary are flying to Paris.Both the boss and his secretary are flying to Paris.The boss is flying to Rome. His secretary is not flying to Rome.The boss but not his secretary is flying to Rome.The boss may be flying to Berlin. His secretary may be flying to Berlin.Either the boss or his secretary is flying to Berlin.The boss is not flying to York. His secretary isn’t flying to York.Neither the boss nor his secretary is flying to York.两个简单句的宾语可由and、both…and等连词连接组成一个简单句。
（十二）句子的类型Ⅱ复合句01 命题趋势考标导向化近几年对复合句的考查主要包括宾语从句(包括直接引语与间接引语的互换)、状语从句和定语从句。
预计2015年对宾语从句的考查仍然会是宾语从句的语序和时态，状语从句中连词的选择和时态；对定语从句的考查重点是关系代词的选用。
02 定义概念清晰化1.宾语从句指在复合句中充当宾语的从句，常常位于及物动词或介词之后，作宾语。
宾语从句的引导词是由宾语从句的句子类型决定的，常考的引导词有that, if, whether, what, which, when, where, how, why 等，宾语从句中的时态由主句中谓语动词的时态来决定。
2.直接引语指的是直接引用别人的原话，两边用引号标出；间接引语是指用自己的语言转述别人的话。
直接引语变间接引语时在句型、人称、时态、语序、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等方面都要进行变化。
3.在复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等的句子叫状语从句，在句中起到状语的作用。
常考的状语从句有时间状语从句(由when,while,before,not…until等引导)、条件状语从句(由if,unless,as long as 等引导)、原因状语从句(由because,since等引导)、结果状语从句(由so that,so…that…等引导)、目的状语从句(由in order that等引导)、让步状语从句(由though,although等引导)。
4.定语从句是指在句中作定语，用来修饰名词、名词性词组或代词的句子。
被定语从句修饰的名词、名词性词组或代词叫做先行词，在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。
定语从句常用的关系代词有who,whose,that,which,关系副词有when,where,why 等。
03 知识归类知识网络化❶宾语从句与直接引语和间接引语if或whether，如果从句中有or not或从句充当介词的宾语时，只能用whether。
如：I don’t know whether he will come or not.我不知道他是否会来。
She is worried about whether it is true.她正担心着这件事是否是真的。
2.宾语从句中，主句为一般现在时，则从句可以根据实际需要用各种相应的时态。
主句为一般过去时，则从句必须用过去的某种时态。
如：I remember he gave me a book yesterday.我记得他昨天给了我一本书。
He told me that he would take part in the high jump.他告诉我他将会参加跳高比赛。
3.宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是 know, remember, forget, learn等词时，从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。
如：She doesn’t know what she should do next.=She doesn’t know what to do next.她不知道下一步该做什么。
4.直接引语是祈使句，间接引语应改为“tell (ask,order等)sb.(not) to do sth.”句型。
如：“Don’t make any noise.” she said to the children.→She told the children not to make any noise.“不要制造任何噪音”她对孩子们说。
5.在宾语从句或间接引语中如果叙述的是客观真理、客观事实等，不管主句是什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。
如：He said that light travels much faster than sound.他说光比声音的传播速度要快得多。
6.直接引语变为间接引语时，指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和某些具有方向性的动词要作相应的变化。
具体见下表：【题组训练】( )1.(2014·金华)—Jimmy，the 2014 FIFA World Cup is coming.Do you know ______ the first match will be on?—On June 13th.A.howB.whereC.whyD.when ( )2.(2014·安徽)—It’s so late.Why not write the report tomorrow?—But I don’t know ________ I can do it if not now.A.whyB.whenC.howD.where ( )3.(2014·昆明)—Excuse me，could you please tell me _____?—Yes，there is a history museum.A.how often do you go to the history museumB.are there any good museums in KunmingC.how long it takes to get to the history museumD.if there are any good museums in Kunming( )4.(2014·镇江)—Granny，the school trip was very exciting but a little tiring.—Oh，could you tell me ________?A.how did you go to the parkB.what you did in the tripC.that you saw something beautifulD.if your friends had played with you( )5.(2014·十堰)—Could you please tell me_______ ?—Of course. Many people in Shiyan know it.A.where is Mount WudangB.how can I get to Wulong RiverC.what is Shennongjia famous forD.if there will be a new airport in Shiyan❷状语从句【题组训练】( )6.(2014·重庆)I’d like to have a try，_____ I may fail.A.sinceB.thoughC.untilD.after ( )7.(2014·杭州)In summer milk will quickly go bad ____ it is put into a fridge.A.thoughB.unlessC.becauseD.once ( )8.(2014·德州)—Are you going out，Mike?It’s really late now.—It’s the last day to buy tickets to the 2014 FIFA World Cup in Brazil，_______ I must go now.A.ifB.orC.soD.though( )9.(2014·济宁)Laura opened the door and rushed into the rain_____ I could stop her.A.untilB.afterC.beforeD.unless( )10.(2014·广州)Mum says _____ I do my homework now，I can watch TV for an hour tonight.A.ifB.thoughC.becauseD.while❸定语从句that的情况：(1)当先行词为anything，everything，nothing 等不定代词时，只能使用“that”。
如：Is there anything that I can do for you?我能为你做点什么吗？(2)当先行词为all，any，much，many等词时，只能使用“that”。
如：Tom told her mother all that had happened.汤姆把事情的全部情况告诉了他的妈妈。
(3)当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时，只能使用“that”。
如：This is the most wonderful time that I have ever had.这是我度过的最美好的时光。
(4)当先行词被序数词修饰时，只能使用“that”。
如：He was the first person that passed the exam.他是第一个通过考试的人。
(5)当先行词被the only，the very，the same，the last修饰时，只能使用“that”。
如：This will be the last chance that he can get.这将会是他可以得到的最后一次机会。
He is the only person that can help you out.他是唯一能帮你的人。
(6)先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能使用“that”。
如：They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.他们谈论他们记得的有关学校的事和人。
(7)当主句是以who，which开头的特殊疑问句或先行词是who时，只能使用“that”。
如：Which is the book that he borrowed from the library yesterday? 哪本书是他昨天从图书馆借的？【题组训练】( )11.(2014·随州)—What are you looking for? —I’m looking for the book _____ you lent me yesterday.A.whatB.whoC.whenD.不填( )12.(2014·河南)“Underground” is the only word in the English language _____- begins and ends with the letters “und”.A.whatB.thatC.who D .whom( )13.(2014·黄石)First Lady Peng Liyuan was watering the flowers ______ were named “Cathy” with Dutch Queen Maxima.A.whatB.whichC.whoD.whose( )14.(2014·东营)When some Chinese women were dancing to loud music in a park in New York，the people _____ lived nearby called the police.A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.which( )15.(2014·黄冈)—In a text message，88 means Bye-bye.—And another example is F2F ______stands for face to face.A.thatB.whoC.whomD.it04 整合集训反馈层级化( )1.—Do you know if our team _____ the match tonight?—It is hard to say.I will tell you the result if our team____ .A.wins;winsB.will win;will winC.wins;will winD.will win;wins( )2.—I believe _______ Chinese astronauts will be able to land on the moon one day.—I agree with you.But I’m not sure _______ we can live on it.A.that;ifB.that;thatC.if;thatD.if;if( )3.—Are you sure _____ Li Ming has flown to London?—Yes.I saw him off at the airport just now.A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.when( )4.—I’m worried about _____ I can pass the English exam.—Don’t worry.I’m sure _______ you will pass it.A.if;thatB.whether;thatC.that;ifD.that;whether( )5.—Doctor,could you tell me______ ?—Oh,nothing serious. He just has a cold. He will be fine soon.A.that there was anything wrong with my sonB.if there was anything wrong with my sonC.that there is anything with my sonD.if there is anything wrong with my son( )6.—Have you decided _____ you’ll go to Hainan?—Not yet. Maybe by plane.A.whenB.howC.whereD.whether( )7.—What did Jack ask you about just now? —He asked me how long ____ when I reached the cinema.A.had the film been onB.the film had startedC.the film had been onD.had the film ended ( )8.—Could you tell me______ ?—An engineer.He works in a computer company.A.who your father isB.where your father wasC.what is your fatherD.what your father is( )9.—Hello,everyone!Can I join you?—Sure,we are talking about _________.A.when shall we go to the cinemaB.how can we get thereC.who should we go withD.how we can organize the farewell party well ( )10.—I hear that a famous doctor will come to our company.—Do you know_________?A.when will he give a talkB.when he will arriveC.what will he talk aboutD.how will he come( )11.—Could you tell us how long ________? —About three days.A.does the sports meeting lastB.the sports meeting will lastC.did the sports meeting lastD.will the sports meeting last( )12.Alen wanted to know ______ after it got out of the UFO.A.what is the alien doingB.what the alien would doC.where would the alien goD.where the alien is going( )13. --- Did you ask the guard _______ happened?--- Yes, he told me all _______ he knew.A. what; thatB. what; whatC. which; whichD. that; that( )14.I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______we spent together.A. when; whichB. which; whenC. what; thatD. on which; when( )15.The letter is from my sister____is working inBeijing.A. whichB. whenC. whomD. who( )16.He talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school.A. whichB. thatC. whomD. what( )17.The factory ______we'll visit nextweek is not far from here.A. whereB. to whichC. whichD.in which( )18. This is one of the best films _______.A. that have been shown this yearB. that have shownC. that has been shown this yearD. that you talked( )19. Can you lend me the book ______the other day?A. about which you talkedB. which you talkedC. about that you talkedD. that you talked( ) 20. ___ you study harder, you'll never passthe final exam.A. IfB. UntilC. UnlessD. Except( ) 21. ___ there were only five soldiers left atthe front, ___ they went on fighting.A. Because; soB. If; andC. Though; butD. Though; /( )22. Please answer the question in a loud enough voice ___ all the class may hear.A. so, thatB. orC. in order thatD.and( )23. —Excuse me Could you wake me up when my friend____ here?—Of course. But we still don't know when your friend _____ here.A. comes; will comeB. comes； comesC. will come; comesD. will come； will come( )24. — If our government _____attention to controlling food safety now, our health _____in danger. A. won't pay, is B. doesn't pay, is C. won't pay, will be D. doesn't pay, will be ( ) 25 Suzhou is not ____ beautiful ____ Hangzhou.A. as; thanB. so; asC. even; thanD. /; than参考答案：(十二)句子的类型Ⅱ复合句题组训练1—5DBDBD6—10BBCCA11—15DBBAA 整合集训1—5DAABD 6—10BCDDB 11—15BBAAD 16—20BCAAC 21—25DCADB。
