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专题十二复合句1. 定义：由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成，指的是含有两个或更多的主谓结构的句子，其中有一个（或更多）主谓结构充当句子的某一（些）成分，如主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、同位语等。
2. 分类：a. 宾语从句b. 定语从句c. 状语从句3. 思维导图：复合句宾语从句语序：陈述语序连接词：that/if/whether/wh-特殊疑问词时态主任意从现主过从必过主一般从任意定语从句关系词关系代词：who/whom/whose/that/which关系副词：where/when/why状语从句条件状语从句时间状语从句原因状语从句结果状语从句目的状语从句让步状语从句比较状语从句1.宾语从句a.定义：在主从复合句中充当宾语，位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句b.连接词c.语序d.时态2.定语从句a.定义：一个句子跟在一个名词或代词后，对这个名词（代词）进行修饰限定的句子。
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词；b.结构: 先行词＋关系词＋从句c.关系词: 关系代词/关系副词3.状语从句a.定义：状语从句(Adverbial Clause) 是指句子用作状语时，起副词作用的句子。
状语从句中的从句可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语或整个句子。
b.分类：典型例题总分：50分姓名：得分：1.单选题（每小题1分，共40分）( )1. The movie ______we saw last night was wonderful.A. whatB. thatC. whoseD. who( ) 2. I wonder Tom had a good time having a picnic yesterday.A. thatB. ifC. whatD. which( ) 3. I prefer music _____has great lyrics.A. whoB. whoseC. thatD. /( ) 4.-I don' t know if Sam_____. -Don't worry. I will tell you as soon as he_____.A. will come, comesB. comes, will comeC. will come, will comeD. comes, comes( ) 5.The teacher asked Li Hua .A. why is he late for classB. why he is late for classC. why was he late for classD. why he was late for class( ) 6.- Have you seen the film The Wandering Earth(流浪地球)？-Yes. It's the best one I have ever seen.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. it( ) 7. He told me that he ______ his uncle in Thailand the next day.A. will visitB. has visitedC. is going to visitD. would visit( ) 8.-Tom, do you know ________? -In Beijing.A. where will the 24th Winter Olympics be heldB. where the 24th Winter Olympics will holdC. where the 24th Winter Olympics will be heldD. where will the 24th Winter Olympics hold( ) 9. -Richard is studying in Germany. I wonder ________. -By video chat.A. how his parents keep in touch with himB. where he comes fromC. When he will graduateD. which subject he likes best( ) 10. I can't find the book ________ my mother bought me.A. whoB. whenC. whichD. why( ) 11.-Do you like the weekly talk show, The Readers, on CCTV？-Sure. It' s a great TV program purpose is to bring the habit of reading back into thepublic.A. whichB. thatC. whatD. whose( ) 12. John really doesn't know ____ .A. whether has his father bought himB. what has his father bought himC. how his father has bought himD. what his father has bought him( ) 13. I really like the family photo _________ we took on my grandpa's 80th birthday.A. whoB. thatC. whatD. whose( ) 14.What lovely flowers! Could you please tell me _______?A. why did you get themB. where you got themC. when will you get themD. how will you get them( ) 15. Could you please tell me_________?A. where are you fromB. how can I get thereC. what's the matter with youD. where does he live( ) 16.I like the city _____the people are really kind and friendly.A. thatB. whichC. whereD. who( ) 17.-Do you know_______-Yes, of course. It will be hosted by Beijing and Zhangjiakou.A. how will be the 2022 Winter OlympicsB. which city will host the 2022 Winter OlympicsC. when will be the next Winter OlympicsD. where will be the next Winter Olympics ( ) 18.______you look after it carefully, this coat will keep you warm through many winters.A. IfB. UnlessC. BeforeD. So( ) 19. -Can you predict _______ ?- It is said humans can live to 200 years.A. how long can humans liveB. how long humans can liveC. how soon can humans liveD. how soon humans can live( ) 20.Some people eat with their eyes. They prefer to order a meal _______ looks nice.A. whichB. whoC. whoseD. where( ) 21. - Excuse me, could you please tell me if the sports meeting ________ on time?-Hard to say. If it ________ tomorrow, we'll have to put it off.A. will hold; rainsB. will be held; rainsC. will be held; will rainD. holds; will rain( ) 22. This is the most beautiful park ______ I have ______ visited.A. which; everB. that; neverC. which; yetD. that; ever( ) 23. - Could you please tell me ________?- Of course. Many people in Wuwei know it.A. where is Mount WudangB. how can I get to Wulong RiverC. what is Shenlongjia famous forD. if there will be a new airport in Wuwei ( ) 24.They _____ a picnic if it is fine tomorrow.A. will haveB. haveC. hadD. were having( ) 25.You'll do much better _________ you' re more careful with your spelling.A. ifB. beforeC. althoughD. unless( ) 26.-Excuse me. Could you tell me get to the airport?-Certainly. Go straight along here.A. how can weB. how we canC. when can weD. when we can ( ) 27.-Li Ming, do you know _______ this year?— It's on June 20th.A. when is the Dragon Boat FestivalB. when is the Mid-autumn FestivalC. when the Mid-autumn Festival isD. when the Dragon Boat Festival is ( ) 28. I'd like to go to Dalian ________ I like relaxing vacations.A. soB. but . and D. because( ) 29.-Jack , you look tired today. What’s wrong?-I was ____busy_______ I didn't go to bed until midnight yesterday.A. such , thatB. too, toC. so ,thatD. enough to( ) 30. My mother ______ while my father ______ TV.A. cooked; was watchingB. was cooking; was watchingC. was cooked; watchedD. cooked; watched( ) 31. We were watching TV ______ the typhoon came.A. whileB. whenC. becauseD. during( ) 32.-Would you like to go to the concert with me?-I'd love to, ______ I can't. ______ I have a lot of homework to do.A. so; BecauseB. but; BecauseC. so; AndD. but; So( ) 33. I hope to go to France some day ______ there are many famous museums.A.ThoughB. unlessC. becauseD. so that( ) 34. She was ______ tired ______ she could not move an inch.A. so; thatB. such; thatC. very; thatD. so; as( ) 35. There is ______ water in the glass that I can't drink any more.A. so littleB. such littleC. so a littleD. such a little( ) 36.She stood up ______ she could see the words on the blackboard clearly.A. so thatB. now thatC. asD. in order to( ) 37.Doctor Li went to see the patient ______ it was raining heavily.A. becauseB. andC. sinceD. though( ) 38.______ he is known to only a few, his reputation (名声) among them is very great.A. BecauseB. IfC. AlthoughD. So( ) 39.Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, ______ they knew it was valuable.A. as ifB. now thatC. even thoughD. so that( ) 40. The bus will leave ______ everyone is ready.A. beforeB. untilC. as soon asD. since2. 句型转换/翻译句子（共5题；共5分）41. I don't know the man. The man is talking with our headteacher. （改为定语从句）I don't know the man________ ________talking with our headteacher.42. “I've seen the film,” Gina said to me. (改为宾语从句)Gina told me that she ______ ______ the film.43. The students asked Mrs. Yang when they can have a picnic at Century Park. (改为同义句)The students asked Mrs. Yang when ______ ______ a picnic at Century Par44. 当我长大后，我想成为一名工程师。
中考英语语法之并列复合句并列复合句是英语语法中的一种重要句型，它由两个或多个并列的简单句组成，表示两个或多个相对独立的主题或行为关系。
在中考英语考试中，掌握并列复合句的使用是非常重要的。
本文将针对这一语法知识进行详细解析。
1. 并列复合句的定义并列复合句是由两个或多个并列的简单句组成，这些句子之间没有主谓关系，但它们彼此之间有相对独立的意义和行为关系。
并列复合句通常使用逗号、分号或连词来连接。
2. 逗号连接并列复合句逗号是常用的连接并列复合句的标点符号。
在逗号连接的两个句子中，第一个句子和第二个句子之间的关系可以是并列关系，也可以是因果关系、转折关系等。
例如：Tom loves playing basketball, and he also enjoys swimming.（汤姆喜欢打篮球，他也喜欢游泳。
）3. 分号连接并列复合句分号的使用在英语中相对较少，但在某些特定情况下可以用来连接并列复合句。
和逗号不同，分号更多地用于连接意义上更加独立的句子。
例如：I have a lot of work to do; I cannot go to the party tonight.（我有很多工作要做；今晚我不能去参加派对。
）4. 连词连接并列复合句除了使用标点符号连接并列复合句之外，我们还可以使用一些连词来连接这些句子。
常见的连词有and、but、or等。
例如：She is tired, but she doesn't want to stop.（她很累，但她不想停下来。
）5. 并列复合句的使用注意事项（1）在并列句中，句子之间的动词的时态、语态、语气等要保持一致。
（2）并列复合句中的主语、宾语、宾补等要保持一致，即在逻辑上应该是相同的人或物。
（3）使用适当的标点符号来连接并列句，可以使语句更加清晰明了。
总结：并列复合句是由两个或多个相对独立的简单句组成，通过逗号、分号或连词来连接。
在中考英语考试中，正确使用并列复合句可以提高文章的连贯性和阅读理解能力。
【中考英语专项复习-（一）语态:主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者.例如：Many people speak Chinese.\\谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象.例如：Chinese is spoken by many people. 主语English是动词speak的承受者。
(二)被动语态的构成be的变化表现出来（三）（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
例如:This bridge was founded in 1981。
这座桥竣工于1981年。
（2）强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。
例如:Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。
（四）主动语态变被动语态的方法（1）把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语.（2）把谓语变成被动结构（be＋过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式).（3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。
例如：They make the bikes in the factory. → The bikes are made by them in the factory。
He cut down a tree. → A tree was cut down by him.（五）被动语态的特殊结构形式1）带情态动词的被动结构。
其形式为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。
例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby—sitter.2）有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。
通常变为主语的是间接宾语。
例His mother gave him a present for his birthday.可改为 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.3）在使役动词have， make， get以及感官动词see， watch， notice, hear, feel， observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略,但变为被动结构时，要加to。
初二常规班杨静老师____________________________________________________________________________________________初中英语语法---复合句本部分内容是中考中必考及常考考点。
考点详解：从句的概念：一个句子在另一个句子中充当成分，充当什么成分就做什么状语。
一、宾语从句1、宾语从句的引导词➢宾语从句是陈述句时，常用that引导，that无意义，在口语中和非正式与中常省略。
如：The teacher tells us (that) we will have an English test tomorrow.➢如果宾语从句由一般疑问句转换而来，其引导词用if或whether。
一般情况下，二者可以通用，但从句中有or not或从句充当介词的宾语时，只用whether。
如：I don’t know if\whether she will come here.Sorry, I don’t know whether he will come or not➢宾语从句是特殊疑问词时，引导词就是特殊疑问词。
如：Could you tell me where the post office is ?The teacher asked the students what they were doing.2、宾语从句的时态➢主句的时态是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词的时态要根据具体的情况用相应的任何时态。
如：Do you know who was talking with at 8 o’clock last night?➢主句的时态为一般过去时，从句的谓语动词要用相应的某一过去时态。
如：初二常规班杨静老师____________________________________________________________________________________________ He told me that he had been to England twice.➢从句表示的是客观真理、普遍现象，自然现象时，从句的时态一律使用一般现在时。
宾语从句：A.位于动词后面，起宾语作用B.引导词：1、由that 引导陈述句性的宾语从句，连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不做句子的成分，也无词汇意义。
如：I told him that he was wrong.2、由连词if、whether 引导的表示是否的宾语从句。
whether，if 在从句中不做句子的成分，一般情况下，whether和if 可以替换。
如：I don’t know if/whether he will come tomorrow. 宾语从句中有or not或者or时不用if引导，只能用whether.例：I don’t know whether the movie star will come or not.3. 由wh-引导的宾语从句。
连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which，和连接副词when, where，why，how 等连接的宾语从句，它们在句中即有连接从句的作用，又在句中充当句子的成分。
例：Do you know which film they are talking about? (which做定语)I don’t know where he lives. (where 做地点状语)C. 宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序，既连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分例：He asked me whether I was a teacher.They wanted to know what they can do for us.D. 宾语从句的时态。
宾语从句的时态受主句的限制，即：主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定。
主句是一般过去时态，从句用相应的过去的时态。
如果从句的动作发生在主句之前，则从句要用过去完成时态。
例: She said that the train had already left.如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。
中考英语语法知识点归纳之复合句(含练习和解析)一、宾语从句含义：在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句.1.引导词：1）宾语从句中陈述句的引导词用that(可省略)，例如He tells me that he is going shopping this Sunday.2）引导一般疑问句用if\whether,例如She asked me if\whether she could join us. 但是以下情况只能用whether,例如①当后面加带to的不定式时She doesn’t know whether to go to the zoo. ②与or not连用时，I‘m not sure whether or not he will come on time.3）引导特殊疑问句，要用原来的特殊疑问词，且引导词要在句中充当对应的成分，不能省略，例如She asked them what they were doing.2.语序：引导词+陈述句语序。
例如：I want to know when the train left.3.时态：1）主句为一般现在时，一般将来时或祈使句，宾语从句可根据实际需要选择各种时态。
如：He tells us that he has been able to look after himself.2)主句为一般过去时，宾语从句应使用过去时的相应时态。
如：They said that they had already finished the work.3)如果宾语从句叙述的是客观事实，真理，自然现象等，不管主句用什么时态，从句都用一般现在时。
4.否定转移：当主句的主语为第一人称时，从句的否定要转移到主句中，其反义疑问句要与从句一致。
例如：I don’t think they will wait to the last minute.I don’t believe he did this, did he?宾语从句练习题1.-Hello, Jack. Haven't, seen you for long. I am calling to check _________ you are.- Very well. I'm glad you called.A. howB. what C .where D. who答案：选A,依句意是问候how are you2. - Can you guess _________the new Nike sports shoes?-Yes. Maybe he asked his grandpa to pay for them, I think.A. how he paid forB. where lie boughtC. when he paid forD. why he bought答案：选A,依句意是问新鞋子如何付款，所以用how pay3. - Can you tell me _______?- He is in the library.A, where was Jack B. where Jack wasC, where is Jack D. where Jack is答案：选D,时态与回答一致，一般现在时，且宾语从句语序为陈述语序4.-Can you tell me ________?- With Lucy's help.A. when you did it so wellB. when did you do it so wellC. how you did it so wellD. how did you do it so well答案：选C,,依句意是问方式，所以要用how, 且宾语从句语序为陈述语序5. - Could you tell me ________?- Of course.A. where's there a good place to eatB. where there's a good place to eatC. where is a good place to eatD. where a good place to eat答案：选B,宾语从句语序为陈述语序6. - Excuse me. could you tell me ______?-In the supermarket.A. where 1 can buy this kind of CD playerB. where can I buy this kind of CD playerC. if I can buy this kind of CD playerD. if can I buy this kind of CD player 答案：选A,句意为问在哪里买，要用where,且宾语从句语序为陈述语序7.The math problem is so hard. I really don't know_____.A. how to do itB. how to doC. what to do it答案：选A,句意为不知道如何做这道题,，用how。
人教版中考英语专项练习复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。
主句为句子的主体，从句只是做句子的一个成分。
根据从句在句子中的作用，可以把从句分为名词性从句（主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句），定语从句和状语从句（时间，地点，原因，条件，让步，方式，比较等）三类。
一.宾语从句1.宾语从句根据引导词的不同分为三种类型⑴由that引导的宾语从句，其中that不做成分，可省略。
We all knew (that) we should learn from each other.⑵由if/whether引导的宾语从句。
Please tell me if/whether you have been to America.⑶由who,where,how等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。
Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office?2.宾语从句“三关”⑴引导词关注意：whether与if的区别只用whether的情况①在介词后面We don`t think about whether it would rain the next day.②在动词不定式前They asked me whether to sit at the front.③当与or not连用，或提出两种选择时Mary asked whether I wasdoing my homework or not at that time④宾语从句提前时Whether this is true or not, I can`t say⑤在动词discuss后的宾语从句中We discussed whether we shouldhave a sports meeting next week.⑥引导表语从句或位于句首的主语从句用whetherThe question was whether he went there last night只用if的情况①引导否定概念的宾语从句时He asked me if I had`t finished my homework②引导条件状语从句时，if意为“如果”We`ll go hiking if it doesn`t rain tomorrow⑵语序关①宾语从句若为陈述句，语序不变②宾语从句若为一般疑问句或特殊疑问句，语序还原为陈述语序⑶时态关①如果主句是现在的时态，从句时态据实际情况而定②如果主句是过去某种时态，从句时态一定变为过去某时态注意：宾语从句表述的是客观真理，自然现象时，只能用一般现在时3.人称变化：4.从句简化⑴当主句谓语动词是find, see,watch,hear等时，从句常简化为“宾语+宾补”结构，宾补为省to不定式或v+ing形式She found that the wallet lay/lying on the ground.→She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.⑵当主句谓语动词是hope,wish,decide,forget等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句简化为不定式结构She agreed that she could help me with my maths. →She agreed to help me with my maths.⑶在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句简化为“连接代词/副词+不定式”结构Can you tell me how I can get to the station?→Can you tell me how to get to the station?5.否定转移如果主句的谓语动词是believe,think,guess,suppose等，且主句主语是一人称时，后面所接宾语从句的否定词通常前移到主句中。
I don`t think that she can finish this work on time.注意：①这种否定前移的宾语从句，在变成反意疑问句时，反意疑问句的主谓要与从句一致I don`t think he is interested in that, is he?③如果主句主语是二三人称时，宾语从句否定词不前移，反意疑问句反问主句She thought that film was not interesting, didn`t she?二．状语从句1.时间状语从句常用when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as等来引导。
在时间状语从句中，通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。
在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到…时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。
如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到…才…”, “在…以前不…”，谓语动词可用瞬间动词。
Since引导的时间状语从句，主句用一般现在时或现在完成时，从句用过去时。
While引导的状语从句的动词必须是延续动词，不能是短暂性动词。
as, when, while都表示主从句的动作或状态同时发生。
as强调两动作同时进行，并表示对比；发生时间较短，且由“一边…一边…”的意思。
When还可表示从句动词的动作在主句动词的动作“之前”或“之后”发生。
While用于时间较长时。
When you have finished your work, you may have a rest.2.条件状语从句通常用if, unless引导。
在条件状语从句中，谓语动词通常用现在时表示将来的动作或状态。
I`m waiting for my friend. If she doesn`t come, I`ll go shopping alone.3.原因状语从句通常用because, since, as（由于）引导。
because表示直接原因，语气最强。
because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。
回答由why 提出的问题，只能用because。
as和since语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。
由as和since引导的从句多放在句首。
because和so不能同时出现。
As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our match.4.结果状语从句由so…that, such…that, so that 引导。
so…that与such…that可以互换。
如果名词前由many, much, little, few等词修饰时,只能用so. so…that 句型的否定形式可用简单句too…to…或not…enough to代替such+形容词+不可数名词/复数可数名词+thatsnch+a(an)+形容词+单数可数名词+that=so+形容词+a(an)+单数可数名词+thatLast night Judy worked so late that she didn`t catch the early bus this morning.5.比较状语从句通常由as…as, than等连词引导Though the player is over thirty, he can still run as fast as some young players6.目的状语从句通常用so that, in order that引导。
so that即可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。
区别是：目的状语从句中往往带有情态动词can, could, may, might等，从意义上看，目的状语从句表示的目的很明确。
Pass the cake round so that everyone can take a piece.7.让步状语从句通常由though, although, as等连词引导。
although, though与but不同时出现。
Though he is old, he is very strong.8.地点状语从句通常由where, wherever引导Wherever I am I will be thinking of you.9.方式状语从句通常由as, as if, as though等引导Always do to the others as you would be done by.希望别人怎样待你，你就怎样待人三．定语从句指在主从复合句中充当定语的句子，在句中修饰名词、代词，常由关系代词which, that, who(m), whose及关系副词when, where, why等引导。
被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
定语从句放先行词后做后置定语1.当先行词表示人时，定语从句用关系代词that, who, whom引导。
当先行词表物时，定语从句用关系词that或which。
当关系代词在从句中作宾语时可省略。
⑴that可指人，也可指物，在从句中可作主语，宾语。
作宾语可省⑵which指物，在从句中作主语，宾语，作宾语时可省，可以引导非限制性定语从句，有时可与that互换。
⑶who, whom, whose指人，who在从句中做主语，whom在从句中作宾语，whose在从句中作定语He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.The package which/that you are carrying is too heavy.Please pass me the book whose/of which cover is green.2.当引导词在句中作状语时不可用that, which, who(m)等关系代词，而应用关系副词。
表示时间用when,表示地点用where, 表示原因用why。
但这些关系副词可转换为“介词+关系代词”形式。
Beijing is the place where/in which I was born.3.其他注意事项⑴表示物时只能用that引导定语从句的情况①当先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, muchnone, the one等不定代词时②先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时③先行词被the only, the very, the last, the same等词修饰时（当先行词是人时，也可用关系代词who或whom）④当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时⑤当先行词同时含有物和人时⑥主句中已有疑问词who或which时Which is the bike that you lost?Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?⑵表示物时只用which不用that的情况①当关系代词前使用介词时②在非限制性定语从句（即通常用逗号与主语隔开，若去掉整个句子仍能表达完整意义的定语从句）中⑶指人时，当先行词为everybody, anybody, everyone, anyone等时要用who,不用that⑷一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个用whoThe boy that you met last night is the group leader who studies very hard.其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个用thatEdison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before注意：⑴关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数要和先行词一致⑵one of+复数名词+关系代词+复数谓语动词the (only) one of+复数名词+关系代词+单数谓语动词Titanic is one of the best movies that have been produced in Hollywood. Titanic is the (only) one of the best movies that has been produced in Hollywood四．主语从句在句中作主语的名词性从句叫主语从句。
