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欧盟OMCL计算机化系统验证附件3-检测设备所用计算机的验证（中英文）OMCL Network of the Council of EuropeQUALITY ASSURANCE DOCUMENT质量保证文件PA/PH/OMCL (08) 89 RVALIDATION OF COMPUTERISED SYSTEMS计算机化系统验证ANNEX 3: VALIDATION OF COMPUTERS AS PART OF TEST EQUIPMENT附件3：检测设备所用计算机的验证ANNEX 3 OF THE OMCL NETWORK GUIDELINE“VALIDATION OF COMPUTERISED SYSTEMS”附件3 计算机系统的验证VALIDATION OF COMPUTERS AS PART OF TEST EQUIPMENT 检验设备所用计算机的验证INTRODUCTION 概述The present document is the 3rd Annex of the core document “Validation of Computerised Systems”, and it should be used in combination with it when planning, performing and documenting the validation steps of computerised systems. 本文件是主文件“计算机系统验证”的附录3，在计划、实施和记录计算机系统验证时应将本文与该主文件联合应用。
The core document contains the Introduction, Scope and general requirementsfor the validation of different types of computerised systems. 主文件包括了不同各类计算机系统验证的概述、范围和通用要求。
VALIDATION OF COMPENDIAL PROCEDURES药典方法的验证Test procedures for assessment of the quality levels of pharmaceutical articles are subject to various requirements. According to Section 501 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, assays and specifications in monographs of the United States Pharmacopeia and the National Formulary constitute legal standards. The Current Good Manufacturing Practice regulations [21 CFR 211.194(a)] require that test methods, which are used for assessing compliance of pharmaceutical articles with established specifications, must meet proper standards of accuracy and reliability. Also, according to these regulations [21 CFR 211.194(a)(2)], users of analytical methods described in USP NF are not required to validate the accuracy and reliability of these methods, but merely verify their suitability under actual conditions of use. Recognizing the legal status of USP and NF standards, it is essential, therefore, that proposals for adoption of new or revised compendial analytical procedures be supported by sufficient laboratory data to document their validity.用于评估药品质量的检验方法需要满足不同的要求。
电信5G协优考试题库（含答案）单选题1.关于BWP的应用场景，说法正确的是A、选项全正确B、UE在大小BWP间进行切换，达到省电的效果C、应用于小带宽能力UE接入大带宽网络D、不同的BWP，配置不同的Numerology，承载不同的业务答案：A2.协议中5GNR毫米波单载波支持最大的频域带宽A、200MB、400MC、800MD、1000M答案：B3.5G系统中以()为最小粒度进行QoS管理。
A、E-RABbearerB、PDUSessionC、QoSflowD、以上都不是答案：C4.5G用于下行数据辅助解调的信号是哪项A、DMRSB、PT-RSC、ssD、CSI-RS答案：A5.56单站验证时，传输带宽的要求是？A、500MB、800MC、900MD、2G答案：B6.以下5GNRslotformat的说法对的有A、SCS=60KHz时，支持配置Periodic=0.625msB、Cell-specific的单周期配置中，单个配置周期内只支持一个转换点C、对DL/UL分配的修改以slot为单位答案：B7.在5G中，PUSCH支持的波形有A、DFT-S-OFDMB、DFT-a-OFDMC、DFT-OFDMD、S-OFDM答案：A8.电信选择的帧结构为()A、2ms单周期B、2.5ms单周期C、2.5ms双周期D、5ms单周期答案：C9.以下哪个参数用于指示对于SpCell,是否上报PHRtype2A、phr-Type2SpCellB、phr-Type2OtherCellC、phr-ModeOtherCGD、dualConnectivityPHR答案：A10.5G支持的新业务类型不包括A、eMBBB、URLLCC、eMTCD、mMTC答案：C11.你预计中国的5G将会在什么时候规模商用A、2018到2019.B、2020到2022C、2023到2025D、2025到2030答案：B12.一般情况下，NR基站的RSRP信号低于多少时，用户观看1080P视频开始出现缓冲和卡顿？A、-112dBmB、-107dBmC、-102dBmD、-117dBm答案：D13.IT服务台是一种：A、流程B、设备C、职能D、职称答案：C14.SN添加的事件为A、A2B、A3C、B1D、B2答案：C15.以下SSB的测量中，那些测量标识中只可以在连接态得到：A、SS-RSRPB、SS-RSRQC、SS-SINRD、SINR答案：C16.哪个docker镜像用于配置数据生效及查询？A、oambsB、nfoamC、brsD、ccm答案：B17.5G中，sub-6GHz频段能支持的最大带宽是A、60MHzB、80MHzC、100MHzD、200MHz答案：C18.eLTEeNB和gNB之间的接口称为()接口A、X1B、X2C、XnD、Xx答案：C19.ShortTTI子载波间隔为A、110KHzB、120KHzC、130KHzD、140KHz答案：B20.NR核心网中用于会话管理的模块是A、AMFB、SMFC、UDMD、PCF答案：B21.中移选择的帧结构为()A、2ms单周期B、2.5ms单周期C、2.5ms双周期D、5ms单周期答案：D22.ZXRAN室外宏站楼顶安装天线抱杆直径要求需满足？A、60mm~120mmB、40mm~60mmC、20mm~40mmD、10mm~20mm答案：A23.关于自包含帧说法错误的:A、同一子帧内包含DL、UL和GPB、同一子帧内包含对DL数据和相应的HARQ反馈C、采用自包含帧可以降低对发射机和接收机的硬件要求D、同一子帧内传输UL的调度信息和对应的数据信息答案：C24.属于LPWAN技术的是A、LTEB、EVDOC、CDMAD、NB-IOT答案：D25.5G天线下倾角调整的优先级是以下哪项？A、调整机械下倾＞调整可调电下倾一＞预置电下傾B、预置电下倾つ调整机械下傾－＞调整可调电下倾C、调整可调电下倾一＞预置电下倾→调整机械下傾D、预置电下倾一＞调整可调电下倾调整机械下倾答案：D26.5G的无线接入技术特性将（5GRATfeatures）会分阶段进行，即phase1和p hase2.请问5G的phase2是哪个版本？A、R13B、R14C、R15D、R16答案：D27.5GNR网管服务器时钟同步失败的可能原因有？A、网络连接不正常B、主备板数据库不一致C、EMS小区数目超限D、SBCX备板不在位答案：A28.以下对5GNR切换优化问题分析不正确的是？A、是否漏配邻区B、测试点覆盖是否合理C、小区上行是否存在干扰D、后台查询是否有用户答案：D29.5G系统中，1个CCE包含了多少个REG？A、2B、6C、4D、8答案：B30.NR网络中，PRACH信道不同的序列格式对应不同的小区半径，小区半径最大支持多少KMA、110B、89C、78D、100答案：D31.协议已经定义5G基站可支持CU和DU分离部署架构，在()之间分离A、RRC和PDCPB、PDCP和RLCC、RLC和MACD、MAC和PHY答案：B32.AAU倾角调整优先级正确描述为以下哪项？A、调整可调电下倾->调整机械下倾->数字下倾->设计合理的预置电下倾B、设计合理的预置电下倾->调整可调电下倾->调整机械下倾->数字下倾C、调整可调电下倾->调整机械下倾->设计合理的预置电下倾->数字下倾D、调整可调电下倾->设计合理的预置电下倾->调整机械下倾->数字下倾答案：B33.5G的基站和4G的基站的主要差异在A、RRUB、BBUC、CPRID、接口答案：B34.UE最多监听多少个不同的DCIFormatSizePerSlotA、2B、3C、4D、5答案：C35.仅支持FR1的UE在连接态下完成配置了TRS，TRS与SSB可能存在下面哪个QCL关系A、QCL-TypeAB、QCL-TypeBC、QCL-TypeCD、QCL-TypeD答案：C36.5G网络中，回传承载的是和之间的流量A、DU、CUB、AAU、DUC、CU、核心网D、AAU、CU答案：C37.不属于5G网络的信道或信号是()A、PDSCHB、PUSCHC、PDCCHD、PCFICH答案：D38.5G的愿景是A、一切皆有可能B、高速率，高可靠C、万物互联D、信息随心至，万物触手及答案：D39.关于MeasurementGap描述错误的是A、EN-DC下，网络可以配置Per-UEmeasurementgap，也可以配置Per-FRmeasur ementgap；B、EN-DC下，LTE服务小区和NR服务小区（FR1)的同属于perFR1measurementg ap;C、EN-DC下，gap4～gap11可以用于支持Per-FR1measurementgap的UE；D、EN-DC下，支持per-UEmeasurementgap的UE，若同时用于NR和非NR邻区测量，可以用gap0～11。
ccitt crc32算法-回复CCITT CRC32算法是一种32位循环冗余校验算法。
它是由国际电报电话咨询委员会（CCITT）于1988年发布的CCITT（CCITT-32）规范中定义的。
该算法被广泛应用于数据传输和存储中的错误检测和纠正。
CRC32算法可以有效地检测数据传输和存储过程中的错误，特别适用于高速、低延迟的通信场景，如网络传输、存储系统和数据链接。
它的应用范围广泛，包括以太网、无线通信、存储系统和计算机网络等领域。
CRC32算法通过将输入数据与一个预定义的多项式进行异或操作，生成一个32位的循环冗余校验码。
校验码会根据输入数据的每一个比特进行计算，从而实现对错误的定位和纠正。
首先，程序需要创建一个包含256个32位值的查找表。
这个表可以在程序开始时预先计算，并在校验过程中使用。
接下来，程序会将输入数据的每一个比特与查找表中的相关值进行异或操作。
这样，通过多项式的异或计算，得到一个32位的中间结果。
然后，程序会将上一步的中间结果与输入数据的下一个比特进行异或操作。
这个过程会循环进行，直到输入数据全部处理完毕。
最后，程序会将最终的中间结果与查找表中的相关值进行最后一次异或操作，得到一个32位循环冗余校验码。
这个校验码可以用于验证数据的完整性，并帮助定位和纠正错误。
总的来说，CCITT CRC32算法是一种高效的错误检测和纠正算法，广泛应用于数据传输和存储中。
它可以帮助我们在高速、低延迟的通信场景中，快速检测和纠正错误，确保数据的完整性和可靠性。
在实际应用中，我们可以使用各种编程语言和工具来实现CRC32算法。
这些工具通常会提供简单易用的API接口，帮助我们方便地使用CRC32算法进行数据校验。
总之，CCITT CRC32算法是一种高效可靠的校验算法，被广泛应用于数据传输和存储中。
它的实现简单，使用方便，能够帮助我们保证数据的完整性和可靠性，并帮助定位和纠正错误。
无论是在网络传输、存储系统还是数据链接等领域中，CRC32算法都发挥着重要的作用。
THE STATA NEWSSTATA Volume 18 Number 4October/November/December 2003New features for Stata 8P . 1From the Stata Bookstore P . 2Latest NetCourse schedule P . 3Inside this issue:Stata 8 for Linux641Stata reads Haver Analytics databases 1Density-distribution sunflower plots 1From the Stata Bookstore 2 Latest NetCourse schedule3New ODBC data exporting support 4Update to Stata 8.24Stata 8 for Linux64StataCorp will begin shipping Stata 8 for Linux64 in early December. Linux64 is a 64-bit operating system that runs on AMD’s line of 64-bit chips, including the Opteron and the Athlon 64.We are excited about this new platform because our initial tests have shown that the price-to-performance ratio is excellent for this series of processors, and we expect a wide range of machines to be available. Linux64 joins the other 64-bit platforms currently supported by StataCorp: Sun Solaris and SGI IRIX.Stata for Linux64 breaks the 2 GB memory limitation shared by most 32-bit operating systems, allowing users with large datasets to access 4 GB, 8 GB, and more. In theory, Stata for Linux64 can use up to 61 billion GB, but we suspect most users will have slightly less memory than that installed.There is one caveat. If you are considering one of these computers and want access to more than 2 GB of memory, pay special attention to the motherboard’s specifications. Several of the motherboards currently shipping for AMD’s 64-bit chips support only 2 or 4 GB of RAM even though the chip could address more memory. If you need more memory, be sure that you purchase one of the computers with a motherboard that will support that memory.Stata reads Haver Analytics databasesStata 8 for Windows can now read databases compiled and distributed by Haver Analytics ( ), which maintains over 100 databases that are widely used in economic analysis and business decision making. These databases form one of the most comprehensive collections of financial, macroeconomic, commodity-price, and industry-level data for both developed and developing countries. Haver Analytics also maintains many specialized databases for the U.S. and European countries, including 14 databases of regional data for the U.S. and 6 databases for EUROSTAT and OECD data.Two new commands provide access to the Haver databases: haver describe describes the variables in a Haver database, and haver use reads variables from a Haver database into memory. For example,haver describe filenameprovides a one-line description of each variable in the specified database. Specifying the detail option produces a table of output for each variable. After you use haver describe to identify the variables of interest, typinghaver use varlist filenamereads the requested variables into memory. To put all the variablesfrom the specified dataset into memory, you would simply typehaver use filenameThese new commands are included in the October 28, 2003, free update to Stata 8 for Windows. You can obtain this update by typing update and following the instructions. After updating, you can access online documentation by typing help haver .Density-distribution sunflower plotsStata 8 has a new sunflower command that draws density-distribution sunflower plots as described inDupont, W. D. and W. D. Plummer, Jr. 2003. Density distribution sunflower plots. Journal of Statistical Software 8(3): 1–11.Density-distribution sunflower plots are useful for displaying bivariate data that are too dense to give a visually accurate impression of the joint distribution.40200204060y1020304050xy1 petal = 1 obs.1 petal = 4 obs.These sunflower plots are available in the current free update to Stata 8. Type update and follow the instructions. You can access online help by typing help sunflower .Design of Experiments: Statistical Principles of Research Design and Analysis, 2d edThe second edition of of Research Design and Analysis introduction to the methods of research design. The book emphasizes application but provides sufficient theory for a basic understanding of the statistical principles involved. College algebra and basic probability and statistics are sufficient mathematical background for readers of this book.Chapter 1 emphasizes planning and research design. The importance of starting with your research hypothesis, understanding sources of variation, understanding Veterinary Epidemiologic ResearchVeterinary Epidemiologic Research Henrik Stryhn is a graduate-level text on the principles and methods of veterinary epidemiologic research. Although many of the examples relate to veterinary epidemiology, the principles apply equally to human epidemiology; only some of the diseases may not be familiar.All terms and epidemiological all notations and formulas are illustrated with examples. Designs discussed in this text include cohort studies, case–control studies, two-stage sampling designs, and controlled trials. Several statistical models are also discussed: linear regression, multinomial logistic regression, the Poisson model, survival analysis, Copyright: Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions,3d edStatistical Methods for Rates and Proportions Levin, and Myunghee Cho Paik covers a wide variety of methods for analyzing categorical data, with the emphasis and examples drawn from clinical medicine, epidemiology, psychiatry, psychopathology, and public health. The book is aimed at researchers and students who have at least a year's course in applied statistics, including a thorough grounding in chi-squared tests and correlation. The mathematical background is restricted to high school algebra.This book has the look and feel of a textbook, complete with examples Copyright:3NC-101. Introduction to StataNC-101 is designed to take smart, knowledgeable people and turn them into proficient interactive Stata users. The course covers not just the obvious, such as getting data into Stata, but also covers detailed techniques and tricks to make you a powerful Stata user. Many of Stata’s key concepts are explored from web update features and match-merging to using by groups and explicit subscripting.NC-151. Introduction to Stata programmingNC-151 is intended for all Stata users. Through a combination of lectures, example applications, and carefully chosen problems, the course addresses the full range of methods and techniques necessary for you to be most productive in the Stata environment. Beginning with effective ways to organize both simple and complicated analyses in Stata, NetCourse 151 then moves into programming elements that can be used to work more efficiently. Key programming topics include macro processing, program flow of control, using do-files, programming ado-files, Monte-Carlo simulations, and bootstrapped standard errors.Advanced Stata programmingPrerequisitesStata 8; NC-151 or equivalent knowledgeDate offeredJanuary 23 – March 12, 2004Course Leaders May Boggess and Brian Poi Enrollment DeadlineJanuary 19Price $150NC-152. Advanced Stata programmingThe goal of NC-152 is to turn knowledgeable Stata programmers into Stata programming masters. The course assumes that you know what you need to program and, to some extent, how to do it. Now, you want to add your own commands to Stata and learn to produce professional-level tools that you and others can use.NC-152 teaches you how to create and debug new commands that work the same way as the commands in Stata. You will learn how to parse both standard and nonstandard Stata syntax using the intuitive syntax command, how to manage and process saved results, how to process by groups, and more.From the Stata Bookstore Introduction to StataPrerequisites Stata 8Dates offered January 23 – March 5, 2004Course LeadersMay Boggess and Derek WagnerEnrollment DeadlinesJanuary 19Price $95Introduction to Stata programmingPrerequisitesStata 8; basic knowledge of using Stata interactivelyDates offered January 23 – March 5, 2004Course Leaders Kevin Crow and Brian Poi Enrollment DeadlinesJanuary 19Price $125The Stata NetCourses TM have been well received by participants, as is reflected in the following remarks:• “I thought the material was excellent. I was also impressed by the opportunity the students had to ask questions and the efforts made by the Course Leaders to answer them regardless of how complicated the question.”• “Stata has put together a great course, and I want to thank you for making it so accessible. It has been years since I dealt with statistics and programming language, but I have a project that seems to be just what Stata was developed to support.” • “The NetCourses are simply great.”A NetCourse is a “lecture” posted to the NetCourse web site on Friday. After reading the lecture over the weekend or on Monday, participants can post questions and comments to the course discussion area. Course Leaders respond to the questions and comments on Tuesday and Thursday. The other participants are encouraged to amplify or otherwise respond to the questions or comments as well. The next lecture is then posted on Friday, and the process repeats. After the last lecture, discussion continues for a few additional weeks until the course concludes.A brief summary of upcoming NetCourses is listed below. For more details on how NetCourses work and for course syllabi, visit /info/products/netcourse .An enrollment form for upcoming NetCourses has been enclosed with the Stata News . You can also enroll online at /info/products/netcourse/enrollment.html .Latest NetCourse TM schedule4HOW TO REACH USStataCorp PHONE 979-696-46004905 Lakeway Drive FAX 979-696-4601College Station TX 77845 EMAIL stata@ USA WEB Please include your Stata serial number with all correspondence.THE STATA NEWS is published four times a year and is free to all registered users of Stata.I N T E R N A T I O N A L D I S T R I B U T O R SChips ElectronicsServing Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore tel: 62 - 21 - 452 17 61 email: puyuh23@.id Cosinus Computing BV Serving The Netherlands tel: +31 416-378 125 email: info@cosinus.nl Dittrich & Partner Consulting Serving Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Poland tel: +49 2 12 / 26 066 - 0 email: sales@dpc.de Ixon Technology Company Ltd Serving Taiwan tel: +886-(0)2-27045535 email: hank@ MercoStat Consultores Serving Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay tel: 598-2-613-7905email: mercost@.uy Metrika ConsultingServing the Baltic States, Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden tel: +46-708-163128 email: sales@metrika.se MultiON Consulting S.A. de C.V. 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Serving Portugal tel: +351 214 702 869 email:timberlake.co@mail.telepac.pt TStat S.r.l.Serving Italytel: +39 0864 210101email: tstat@tstat.it Vishvas Marketing-Mix Services Serving India tel: 91-22-25892639email: bandya@I N T E R N A T I O N A L R E S E L L E R SCreActive snc Serving Italy tel: +39 0575 333297 email: staff@ IEMServing Botswana, Lesotho,Mozambique, Namibia,South Africa, Swaziland, Zimbabwe tel: +27-11-8286169email: instruments@mweb.co.za Informatique Inc Serving Japan tel: +81-3-3505-1250email: sales@informatiq.co.jpSOFTWARE shop IncServing Bolivia, Chile, Colombia,Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela tel: 425-651-4090email: ventas@ Timberlake Consultores Brasil Serving Braziltel: +55-11-3263-1287 email: info@.br Timberlake Consultants Polska Serving Poland tel: +48 600 370 435 email: info@timberlake.plNew ODBC data exporting supportWith the addition of new data exporting commands, Stata 8 can now fully interact with any ODBC data source. You can take complete control of your ODBC data source from within Stata. New features include• the ability to insert Stata data into an ODBC database table withthe odbc insert command• scripting SQL commands or interactively managing a data sourcewith SQL using the odbc exec command• batch processing of multiple predefined SQL commands via odbcsqlfileStata 8 for Windows, Macintosh, and Linux can act as ODBC clients. Any registered ODBC source, regardless of platform, can be accessed as a server.Update to Stata 8.2That’s right, the current version of Stata is 8.2, though for convenience, we continue to call it Stata 8. A glance at the front page of this News will show three all-new, major extensions that have been made to Stata in the last few months—and that is really just a small part. Stata 8 was released in January of this year, and since that time, we have made more enhancements, including• commands to support the FDA file format for NDAs • ODBC support for Macintosh and Linux • support for user-written DLLs in C• special time-series and panel-data graphs• indexes for all Stata Journals published in 2003• BHHH, DFP, and BFGS optimization in maximum likelihood ml • multiple labels supporting multiple languages • stem filtering of files• speed improvements, particularly in graphics • improved default formatting of dates on graphs • searching in the Viewer• improved support for encapsulated PostScript (EPS) • improved support for enhanced metafiles (EMF)• support for portable network graphics (PNG) and TIFF • ODBC insertion statements and batch SQL processing • a host of new window features for the Macintosh• better default convergence criterion for maximum likelihood • a host of small fixes to commands• access to the manual datasets from the Help |Contents menu • new “easy” graph dialog boxes• gllamm internal support leading to ~200% speed improvement • support for Haver Analytics databases• sunflower plotsThese enhancements are all free to Stata 8 users and easy to install. The updates are 100% compatible with any programs, analyses, or do-files you are currently using. Type update in Stata 8 and follow the instructions. Stata gets better every day. Use update to stay current.。
auditCPAassuranceaudit of financial statementsagreed-upon procedurescompilationhigh levels of assurancemoderate levels of assurancecredibilityreliabilityrelevancecontinuing professional education(CPE)A uniform CPA examinationprofessional skepticismobjectivityprofessional competenceSenior/CPA-in-chargeaudit engagement letterrecurring auditthe clientthe nominated CPAchange CPAthe exsiting CPAthe preceding CPA(The predecessor CPAaudit appointmentthe agreed termaccpet an audit engaementthe objective of the engaementthe scope of the auditissue the audit reportother CPAexpertwithdrawan initial auditthe board of directorsa change in engaementshareholdercomponentknowledge of the entity's businessperforming an audit of financial statementsassess inherent and control risksdetermine the nature, timing and extend of the audit procedures a general knowledge of …, a preminary knowledge ofa more particular knowledge ofprior to accepting an engagementfollowing acceptance of the engagementupdate and revaluate information gathered previouslythe prior year's working papersdirectorsenior operating personelinternal audit personel, internal audit'sinternal audit reportsminutes of meetingmaterial sent to shareholders or filed with regulatory authorities interim financial reportsmanagement policy manualchart of accountsexercise professional judgmentbusiness risks(of the client)mannagement response theretoappropriatenessaccounting estimatemanagement representationsrerated partyrelated party transactiongoing concern assumptionaudit planthe overall audit planthe detailed audit planeffcient auditthe size of the entitythe complexity of the auditthe specific methodology and technologyfinancial performancematerial misstatementsignificant audit areascoordinationreviewstatutory responsibilitytime budgeterrorfraudmodified or additional procedureplan and perform audit procedureadequate accounting and internal control systemreduce but not eliminatemanipulationfalsificationalteration of records or documentsmisappropriation of assetstransactions without substancemisapplication of accounting policiesthe underlying recordsoversight or misinterpretationunusual pressuresaccounting policy alternativeunusual transactionsincomplete filesout of balance control accountslack of proper authorizationcomputer information systems environmentinherent limitations of audit testdisscuss with managementthe remedial actionseek legal advicelaws and regulationsnoncompliancewithdrawal from the engagementsenior managementdetect noncompliance laws and regulationsdeliberate failure to record transctionssenior management override of controlintentional misrepresentations being made to the CPA written representationthe suspected noncomplianceaudit committeesupervisory boardregulatory and enforcement authoritiesmaterialityexceed the materiality levelapproach the materiality levelan acceptably low levelthe overall finacial statement level and in related account balances and transaction levelsthe detected but uncorrected misstatements or omissions misstatements or omissionsthe detected and the projected misstatements or omissions aggregatesubsequent eventscontingenciesextend the scope of the substantive testadjust the financial statementsperform additional audit procedurescarry out extended or additional tests of controlmodify the nature,timing and extendof planned substantive proceduresaudit riskinherent riskcontrol riskdetection riskinappropriate audit opinionmaterial misstatementanalytical procedures risksubstantive tests of the detail risktolerable misstatementthe combined level of inherent and control risks the acceptable of detection riskplanned assessed level of control risksmall businessaccounting systeminternal control systemcontrol environmentcontrol procedurescompliance testtest of controlwalk-through testmanagement lettermaterial weakness in internal controlrisk assessmentcontrol activitiesinformationcommunicationmonitoringprocedures manualjob descriptionsflow chartwritten narrativequestinnairereperformance of internal controlcomputer-assisted audit techniques communication with managementaudit evedencetests of controlsubstantive proceduressufficiency of audit evidenceappropriateness of audit evedenceassertionsexistence or occurrencecompletenessrights and obligationsvaluation or allocationpresentation and disclosurevaliditycutoffmechanical accuracyclassificationdisclosureinspectionsupervision of countingobservationenquiryconfirmationcomputationanalytical proceduresvouchaged trial balancetraceaudit samplingerroranomalous errorexpected errorpopulationsampling risknon-sampling risksampling unitstatistical samplingstratificationtolerable errorthe risk of under reliancethe risk of over reliancethe risk of incorrect rejectionthe risk of incorrect acceptancethe rate of deviationsample sizerequired confidence levelthe number of sampling units in the population methods usedeffective auditefficient auditaudit working papers(documentation)working trial balanceadjusting and reclassification entriesaudit markindexing and cross-referencingpermanent audit filescurrent audit filescomprehensive working papersaudit-oriented working papersreference working papersthe use of standardized working papers checklistscash receiptcash disbursementpetty cashcustodyflowchartinternal control questionnaire walk-through of the system segregation of dutiesdeposit slippurchase orderreceiving reportgeneral ledgerbank statementbank reconciliationbalance sheet datecheck outstandingchange fundcash countkitingfloat periodcutoff bank statement unearned revenuenet realizable valuecollateralsales orderstoreroomstorekeeperperpetual inventory record shipping documentbill of ladingbillingsales invoiceextensfootingprice listaging scheduleaged trial balancebreak downdelinquent account confirmationpositive confirmation request negative confirmation request advancepurchase requisitionpurchase ordervouchers payablevendor's invoicediscrepancydescriptionvouchersremittancegross marginresonablenessauthenticityoverheadmanufacturing overheadbill of materailsinspection recordjob costlabor cost distributionmaterial requisitionpayroll summarypayroll ledgerproduction orderprodution runsrate and deduction authorization form time cardtime ticketaccountabilityrouting sheetsuppliesutilitiesjob orderinventory-takingtest countinventory tagbond certificatestock certificatebroker's advicepaid-in-capitaltreasury stockbond debentureportfolioleaseholdasset retirement orderregistrartransfer agenttrust companynegotiable intrumentcollateralliens and mortgaesminutes of board of directorstrusteerestrictive covenantcontributed capitalstubaudit reportthe truthfulness of the audit reportthe legitimacy of the audit reportentityaddressee of the audit reportunqualified opinionqualified opiniondisclaimer of opinionadverse opinionintrodutory paragraphscope paragraphopinion paragraphexplanatory paragraphmaterialprofessional languagescope limitationunadjusted eventsadquately disclosedthe extent of impact on the finacial statemnts audit report on special purpose engagements审计注册会计师可信性保证财务报表审计执行商定程序编制高保证水平中等保证水平可信性、可信程序可靠性、可靠程序相关、相关性职业后续教育统一注册会计师考试职业谨慎客观，客观性专业胜任能力项目经理业务约定书连续审计、常年审计委托人被提名审计师更换审计师现任审计师后任会计师审计委托约定条款接受业务委托委托目的审计范围出具审计报告其他注册会计师专家撤销初次审计董事会变更约定书股东组成部分了解补审计单位情况实施财务报表审计评估固有风险和内部控制风险决定审计程序的性质、时间和范围初步了解进一步了解接受业务委托之前接受业务委托之后更新并重新评价以前收集的信息以前年度工作底稿董事高级管理人员内部审计人员内部审计报告会议纪要寄送股东或报送临管部门备案的资料中期财务报告管理政策手册会计科目表做出专业判断经营风险管理当局的对策适当性会计估计管理层声明关联方关联方交易持续经营假设审计计划总体审计计划具体审计计划提高审计效率被审计单位的规模审计的复杂性具体的方法和技术财务业绩重大遗漏重点审计领域协调复核法定责任时间预算错误舞弊修改或追加审计程序计划和实施审计程序适当的会计和内部控制系统减少但不能消除篡改伪造更改文件或凭证侵占资产虚构交易滥用会计政策原始凭证疏忽或误解会计政策变更异常交易不完整文件财户余额不平衡缺乏恰当的授权计算机信息系统环境审计测试的固有限制与管理层讨论纠正措施寻求法律咨询法律与规章没有遵守解除业务约定高级管理层发现没有遵守法律与规章的行为故意漏记交易高级管理层逾越控制故意对CPA做出错误陈述管理层声明涉嫌存在违法行为审计委员会监事会临管和执法机构重要性超过重要性水平接近重要性水平可接受的低水平财务报表层面和相关账户、交易层面已发现但尚未调整的错报或漏报错报或漏报已发现和推断的错报或漏报累计期后事项或有事项扩大实质性测试范围调整财务报表执行追加的审计程序实施扩大或追加的控制测试修改实质性程序的性质、时间和范围审计风险固有风险控制风险检查风险不恰当的审计意见风险性测试风险细节测试风险可容忍错报固有风险和控制风险的综合水平可接受的检查风险计划评估的控制风险小规模企业会计系统内部控制系统控制环境控制程序符合性程序控制测试穿行测试管理建议书内部控制的重大缺陷风险评估控制活动信息沟通监督程序手册工作说明流程图文字叙述调查问卷重新执行内部控制计算机辅助审计程序与管理导沟通审计证据控制测试实质性程序审计证据的充分性审计证据的恰当性认定存在或发生完整性权利与义务估价与分摊表达与披露合法性截止机械准备性分类披露检查观察询问函证计算分析性程序核对账龄分析表追查审计抽样错误偶发性错误预期误差总体抽样风险非抽样风险抽样单位统计抽样分层可容忍误差信赖不足风险信赖过度风险误拒风险误受风险偏离程度样本量可信赖水平总体中样本的数量所选用的方法审计效果审计效率审计工作底稿试算平衡表调整和重分类分录审计标识索引和交叉索引永久性档案当期档案综合类工作底稿业务类工作底稿备查类工作底稿使用标准工作底稿核对用清单现金收据现金支出零用现金保管流程图内部控制调查问卷系统的穿行测试职责划分存款凭单采购订单验收报告总分类账银行对账单银行存款余额调节表资产负债表日未兑现支票找零备用金现金盘点开空头支票浮游期截止性银行对账单预收账款可变现净值抵押销售通知单仓库仓库保管员永续盘存记录货运文件提货单开票销售发票小计加总、合计价目表账龄分析表过期账项试算表分解、按细目分类过期账户函证积极式函证消极式孙证预付款请购单订购单应付凭单卖方发票差异货物的说明、种类付款凭单汇款、付款毛利合理性真实性期间费用制造费用用料单验收记录订单成本计算单人工成本分配表领料单工资汇总表工资登记薄生产通知单生产流程工资率及扣减授权表计时卡计时单成本会计流程表机物料消耗公用事业费分批工作通知单存货盘点抽点存货标签债券股票经纪人意见书实收资本库存股债券契约证券组合投资租赁的资产报废通知单注册管理机构过户代理人信托公司流通票据抵押品留置与抵押董事会会议记录受托管理人限制性条款实缴资本存根审计报告的真实性审计报告的合法性被审计单位、客户审计报告的收件人无保留意见保留意见无法表示意见否定意见引言段范围段意见段说明段重要专业术语范围限制未调整事项适当披露对会计报表反映的影响程序特殊目的的审计报告。
综合练习（历次水平II试题精选）Part One Listening ComprehensionSection IDirections: In this section you will hear two students, Frank and Theresa, discussinga survey they have to write as an assignment. Listen to the conversation and complete the notes below which what you hear.Notes about Frank’s survey:Topic: ________________________________Typical examples of violent programs: _______________________________________ _______People’s suggestions: _____________________________________________________ _______Pe ople’s reactions to violence on news broadcast: _____________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________A possible problem with this survey: ________________________________________________The advantage of the survey: ______________________________________________ _________Section TwoDirections: In this section you will listen to some news program. Below are the sum maries of the news items. Listen to the recording and fill in the missing words to c omplete the new summaries.1.An orangutan stopped the traffic outside _________ . It took a keep from the zoo________ minutes to get downtown because of the traffic. The animal showed no i nterest in ________ but responded when the keeper ________ to it. It held the ke eper’s _______ as they got into the car.2. A new method for teaching singing has been developed. Most singers are unawareof how they ______________________. By wearing a ______________ over your h ead while you sing, you can hear your voice the way _____________ hear you. Thi s can help you _________ your singing.3.This year there are _______ contestants in the Sunset Beaches and castle ________--aged from 8 to ____ . The two favorites are Greg Wallace (who has won three times before), with his _______ castle, and newcomer David Bradley, with his Star Wars __________.Section ThreeIn this section, you hear four telephone messages. What is each message about? W hen you hear each message, you should write in English the main information. Some callers’names are: Alberto, Janine Ellis, and Jim Saunders. You will hear the recording only once.Telephone message 1: ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________.Telephone message 2: ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________.Telephone message 3: ____________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________Telephone message 4:_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.Part Two TranslationDirections: Read the following passage carefully and translate it into Chinese. Write your translation clearly in the spaces provided below.What’s in a name?For thousands of years, humanity has classified the living thins of this world in muc h the same fashion; by their appearance. If it looks like a duck, walks and quacks like a duck, then it is a duck. But tackling millions of species in this way has prove n to be a recipe for confusion. As scientists have found to their cost, what looks lik e a duck may in fact be a goose.More recently, genetic techniques have been applied, particularly for distinguishing t he more difficult-to-identity species such as viruses and bacteria by comparing piece s of DNA. Might this approach be more generally applicable? Paul Hebert and his c olleagues in Canad a think it might be. Just as barcodes and the “universal product code” numbering scheme uniquely identify different items at a supermarket checkout, they suggest that some stretches of DNA could perform a similar function in living things. In a paper just published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B, they discu ss how long such a genetic barcode needs to be, and where it might be found.A universal product code found on the high street consists of a string of 11 digits, each of which is one of ten numerals, providing 100 billion unique combinations. Ge netic material, however, uses a quaternary, rather than a denary, coding system. In theory, it would only be necessary to sample 15 of those letters to create one billi on unique codes.In practice, however, the characteristics of DNA mean that 15 letters are not enoug h. Unlike the arbitrary numbers of a universal product code, the letters of DNA are not random, because they code for something that a biological meaning.Part Three WritingDirections: Boshi Electronic (China) Co., Ltd. is planning to recruit an assistant to t he general manager. Read the job description and qualification and write to this co mpany to recommend yourself as a candidate. Your letter of application should not be less than 300 words.Some topics for Speaking TestOpening Questions1. Do you like music? What kind of music do you listen to these days? Why do you like this particular music?2. Do you like sports? What kind of games do you often play? Why do you like tha t game?3. Suppose you have won $100,000 ina lottery. What would you do with this mone y?4. Why do you choose Tsinghua to do your graduate program? What are the most important factors in choosing a school?5. What kind of job do you plan to take upon graduation? Why?6. How much time do you spend learning about the news everyday? How do you le arn about the news, by watching TV or reading newspaper？Talk about one piece of the latest new that impressed you a great deal.7. In the development of human society, many kinds of inventions have greatly ben efited our lives. Could you give us some examples? What do you think are the top important inventions in the past 50 years?8. In everyone’s life, he may experience many good and bad events. Please tell me some past events which made you feel good or bad.9. Do you use e-mail or the Internet? What do you use them for?II. Role plays or debate1. As the job-hunting season is approaching, many graduates have to decide wheth er to remain in Beijing and seek a job here (though it is not very easy to hunt a good job) or go to small cities to have an easy life.Student A:It’s not advisable choice for us to work in Beijing, for the life in Beijing won’t be easy.Student B: I will try every effort to remain here to have a further develop and enj oy the exciting life here.2. As the industry develops more rapidly in these years, people in China become m uch more concerning about the environmental protection.Student A：I appeal to the government to postpone or stop some of the current p rojects, and punish the ones who are polluting our city. Industrialization brings us n othing but the stink of money and a dirty sky. We should not develop our industry intensely. The industrialization should be slowed down at once, or we’ll get punish edStudent B:We shouldn’t reduce our production under any circumstance. I don’t me an to be unconventional. But I do prefer industrial development to environmental pr otection. More exactly, industrialization can be the motivation and also the supporter of environment protection, which may be the contrary to normal consideration.3. Deputies from the National People's Congress, as well as members of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, proposed changes to the holidays at thi s year's congress. They called for shortened Labor Day and National Day holidays, and the addition of the Mid-Autumn Festival and the Tomb Sweeping Day.Student A：I’m strongly agree to the change of the holidays, the golden week has lots of disadvantages.Student B：I don’t think the golden week holiday should be abrogated, because pe ople have been used to it. People need it.4. Our country has stepped into the aging society (people who are 65 or older have taken up 14%).Who will take care of the very old and disable old? Where could t hey spend the last few years in their life?Student A：The nursing home is the only way to solve the problem.Student B：I can’t agree. Those who live in the nursing home are not as happy as those who live with their family.5. Have you ever experienced a natural disaster? Work with your partner and discus s the disaster(s) that you experienced or heard of.6. Student A：All the Chinese should join in the "Rejecting the Japanese Goods" si de, because the Japanese have done too many things hurting our feelings. Student B："Rejecting the Japanese Goods" is not necessary. The Japanese goods, such as the Japanese notebook PCs, the Japanese cars and so on, are better and c heaper than ours.7. Student A：English language is tool—we learn it for we’re going to use it. So the four skills of English are very important. We attend the English Class for improving our English Skills.Student B：We attend the English class because the charm of a foreign culture oft en attracts us strongly. That is the very foundation stone of the interest of learning a foreign language. Furthermore, only by mastering the foreign language can one a ttain the charm of a culture.8. Class discussion has become a common activity in our classroom nowadays. Many teachers use this activity to involve students in the class learning.Student A: It's a waste of time to listen to other students who are as ignorant as us to talk nonsense; we prefer to listen to teachers.Student B：Class discussion can get students more involved in class learning and c an give us a chance to share what we know about the subjects.9. Nowadays internet has penetrated into every aspect of out daily life. A lot of peo ple have ever tried to buy something from the internet.Student A: Shopping on internet is very convenient.Student B: I love the traditional shopping method.10. Student A: I worry about the future of human beings. We are facing so many problems in the development.Student B: I do believe that our children will have a better life.A: Computer games are the best way to kill time and can people can learn a lot fr om playing it.B: Computer games do more harm than good to young people.11. A and B are two classmates who have never met after they graduated from the university 5 years ago. Now they meet at the classmates’ reunion party? What w ould you say? Role play the two old classmates.12. Did you have to adhere to a dress code or wear a uniform when you went sch ool? How did you feel about it then? How do you feel about it now? Work in pairs to discuss the topic.13. Role Play: Where are you from? You and your partner may come from different regions inChina. Compare the lifestyles in each of your hometown by discussion w hat is hot (popular) and what is not in the city or town.14. Role Play: Tell each other a past event which made you feel good or bad (e.g.A embarrassed situation, un unforgettable school event, a happy reunion, or meeti ng a famous person).15. What qualities do heroes in movies and TV shows in your country have? Who a re some of your own personal heroes? Why do you admire and respect these peopl e? Tell each other you heroes you respect.16. Nowadays, more and more parents choose to educate primary school children a t home instead of sending them to school to get public education. How do you thin k about it?A: strongly agree to it. B: strongly against it.17. Should the University Campus be open to tourist?A: strongly agree to it. B: strongly against it.18.Talk about the marriage of the college students.A: strongly agree to it. B: strongly against it.19.How do you think the Clone technology?A: It’s a breakthrough of the biological engineer.B: Human cloning would cause a lot of problems.写作题型与篇章结构写作从命题语言形式上可以分为三类：1. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People are never satisfied with what they have. They always want something more or something different. Us e specific reasons and examples to explain your position.该题型的篇章结构：第一段：引言（表明观点：支持/反对）第二段：支持/反对理由一第三段：支持/反对理由二（第四段：支持/反对理由三）第五段：结论（归纳或重申观点）2. Some schools encourage their students to take part in team sports, such as footb all, baseball, and basketball. Other schools place greater emphasis on such individual sports as tennis, running, and swimming. Which type of sports program would you recommend for teenagers? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answe r.该题型的篇章结构：（1）第一段：引言（用自己的语言解释命题，肯定两种观点的合理性）第二段：第一种观点的合理性第三段：第二种观点的合理性第四段：结论（自己的观点及两至三条理由或倾向于折中的观点）（2）第一段：引言（略提及自己反对的观点的合理性，转折后，明确表明自己支持的观点）第二段：自己支持的观点论据一第三段：自己支持的观点论据二（第四段：自己支持的观点论据三）第五段：结论（重申自己的观点）3. Inventions such as eyeglasses and the sewing machine have had an important ef fect on your lives. Choose another invention that you think is important. Give specific reasons for your choice.该题型的篇章结构：第一段：引言（明确话题）第二段：讨论话题第一方面第三段：讨论话题第二方面（第四段：讨论话题第三方面）第五段：结论（总结前面提到的几个方面）范文1：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Television has helped impro ve standards of education. Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.I disagree that television has helped improved standards of education for a number of reasons. The first and probably the most important reason is the programming. Around the world it is movies, sit-com, soap operas, pop music and talk shows whi ch dominate TV screens. There may be nothing wrong with these, and they are cer tainly popular with audiences, but the content of these programs has not helped to make people better educated.Typical television programs have also had a bad effect on viewers? Attention span, that is, on how long they can concentrate. Most TV programs do not require much concentration and young viewers, especially, get used to this. Education, on the oth er hand, does require concentration and young people find this increasingly difficult. Another characteristic of television is that it encourages a passive attitude in viewer s instead of an active one. Most popular TV programs encourage an uncritical respo nse, but education requires you to think about what is presented to you, to react t o it and in some way to make use of it. In addition, passive TV-watching has oftentaken the place of more active pursuits such as reading, music, playing board gam es and conversation, all of which are more educational than a typical evening of T V.Finally, it seems to be true that television makes it difficult for viewers, especially y oung ones, to distinguish properly between fact and fiction. This confusion, which is really another kind of uncritical response, again works against educational principle s.Television has done many good things. It entertains lonely, old and sick people; it certainly helps countries’ economies by selling products, and can be very informative by bringing news from around the locality, the country and the world into peoples’homes. However, by making people passive and uncritical, television has a negativ e effect on education.范文2：There have been many arguments in recent years whether nuclear energy should b e used to generate electricity. Do you think nuclear energy should or should not be used for this purpose in your country? Which side do you agree with? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.Before giving my opinion, I think it is important to look at the arguments on both sides. People who support using nuclear energy to produce electricity usually give s ome or all of the following reasons. The first argument is that it is potentially chea per than any other way. The second is that other ways of producing electricity requ ire nonrenewable resources, such as coal and oil, and one day these will be used u p. This, they say, is not the case if we use nuclear energy. The third reason is mo re of a political one: some countries do not have the raw materials, such as coal, oil or water, which are needed to generate electricity and so they have to depend t oo much on other countries.People who attack using nuclear energy for generating electricity generally say that it is too dangerous, both now and in the future. They point to severe nuclear accid ents, such as Chernobyl, and some others in the United States, and say that the ef fects are so bad that the risk of an accident, even if the risk is very small, is not worthwhile. They also often say that there will be problems in the future of how to store the dangerous waste from old nuclear power stations, which can be deadly f or thousands of years.As far as my own country is concerned, I believe there are two main reasons why it should not try to use nuclear energy at this time. Firstly, we have plenty of oil a nd hydroelectric energy from which to generate electricity. Secondly, if countries like the United States and Russia can suffer nuclear accidents, it would be very difficultto guarantee safety in my country. Furthermore, we have many better and more u rgent things to do with the money.常用词语与表达法1. Introductory: generally speaking, generally, as a general rule, comparatively spe aking, comparatively, in general, in a sense, in one sense, in a way, to some exten t, to a certain degree, in my opinion, in my view, to my mind, as for me, as far a s I am concerned, on a personal level, at an individual level, from a (personal and psychological) perspective, in some cases, in some respects, on a larger scale, at a local level, to take the idea further, to take the above point to an extreme, putting the discussion in a wider context, following the same line of…, traditionally, unfort unately, obviously, undoubtedly, practically speaking, simplistically speaking, economi cally speaking, financially speaking, in terms of, at the risk of sounding too cold, ina slightly cold calculation, at the risk of sounding too direct.2. Comparison: similarly, likewise, in the same way, equally important, like, both…a nd…, the same as, (have…) in common, in a not dissimilar way3. Contrast: on the contrary, on the one hand, on the other hand, otherwise, unlik e, in sharp contrast, whereas, rather than, conversely, instead, by contrast4. Exemplification: for example, for instance, as an example, as a case in point, a s an illustration, such as, namely, that is, like, say5. Enumeraion: first, second, in the first place, initially, first of all, to begin with, t o start with, first and foremost, in the second place, next, also, besides, furthermor e, moreover, in addition, what is more, beyond that, for one thing, for another, fin ally, supremely, eventually6. Cause:because…, because of, as, since, for,owing to, due to, on account of, asa result of7. Concession:although, nevertheless, however, but, yet, admittedly, it is true… bu t, in spite of, even though, granted that…, at the very worse8. Emphasis: chiefly, especially, indeed, in fact, certainly, particularly, to be sure, ac tually, above all, surely, most important of all, even worse, no doubt, needless to s ay, more often than not9. Result: thus, so, consequently, hence, therefore, accordingly, as a result, for this reason, as a consequence, on t hat account, it follows that…10. Summary: in conclusion, in short, in brief, in summary, on the whole, finally, t o sum up, to conclude, in a word常用句型Argumentation1、The idea of… is not without advantages.2、Nonetheless, pound for pound, I reckon th at… is more advantageous.3、My view is that……4、Likewise, common sense tells us that……5、Many people would claim that……6、I also see a more serous reason for preferring to ……7、A, by contrast, is blessed with advantages.8、Another reason why I would usually prefer to …… is that ……9、I can see that many of the advantages of …… seem obvious.10、What is also worth noticing is that……11、It might also be noted that……12、If we turn our attention to ……，we see that……13、There i s no evidence to suggest that……14、The chief strength of …… is ……15、 A further reason why I advocate an attitude of …… is that ……Exemplification1.I can think of no better illustration of the idea than the example of ……2.I can think of no bette r illustration of the view than the fact of ……3.Numerous other examples might be given easily, but these will suffice.4.we may cite a single example of ……5.history presents many examples of ……6.The situation is not rare, it is one of many examples I have encountered.7.one very amusing example of this is ……Conclusion1.From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that ……2.Taking into account all these factors, we may safely reach the conclusion that ……3.Judging from all the evidence offered, we may safely come to the conclusion that……4.All the evidence supports an unmistakable conclusion that ……5.All the analysis justifies an unshakable view that ……6.All the evidence confirms a sound idea that ……7.Personal experience leads me to the conclusion that ……8.I agree with the above statement because it seems to me that ……9.Above all, I have supported the statement that it is better to …… because ……10.To be fair, I must own up the advantage that ……, but I firmly believe that ……听力模拟题一Question 1-4Complete the notes below.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.Question 5-10Complete the table below.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.Question 11-13Complete the sentences below.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. RIVERSIDE INDUSTRIAL VILLAGE11 Riverside Village was a good place to start an industry because it had water ra w materials and fuels such as and .12 The metal industry was established at Riverside Village by who lived in t he area.13 There were over water-powered mills in the area in the eighteenth ce ntury.Question 14-23Complete the notes below.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.听力模拟题一——答案和听力原文Answer Key1 shopping/ variety of shopping2 guided tours3 more than 12/ over 124 notice board5 13th February6 Tower of London7 Bristol8 American Museum9 student newspaper10 Yentob11 coalfirewood12 local craftsmen13 16014 cities/ environment15 windy16 humid17 shady/ shaded18 dangerous19 leaves20 ground21 considerably reduce/ decrease/ filter22 low23 space/ roomAudio ScriptsQuestion 1-4MAN:Good morning.WOMAN: Good morning. How can I help you?MAN: I understand that the school organizes…umm, trips to different…WOMAN: Yes, we run five every month(example): three during weekends and t wo Wednesday afternoon trips.MAN:What sort of places?WOMAN: Well, obviously it varies, but always places of historical interest and also which offer a variety of shopping(Q1), because our students always ask about th at…and then we go for ones th ere we know there are guided tours(Q2), because this gives a good focus for the visit.MAN:Do you travel far?WOMAN:Well, we’re lucky here, obviously, because we’re able to say that all our visits are less than three hours drive.MAN: How much do they cost?WOMAN: Again it varies-between five and fifteen pounds a head, depending on dist ance.MAN: Ah ha…WOMAN: Oh, and we do offer to arrange special trips if, you know, there are mor e than twelve(Q3) people.MAN: Oh right, I’ll keep that in mind. And what are the times normally?WOMAN: We try to keep it pretty fixed so that, that students get to know the pat tern. We leave at eight-thirty a.m. and return at six p.m. We figure it’s best to kee p the day fairly short.MAN: Oh yes. And how do we reserve a place?WOMAN: You sign your name on the notice board(Q4). Do you know where it i s?MAN:Ah ha. I saw it this morning.WOMAN: And we do ask that you sign up three days in advance so we know we’v e got enough people interested to run it, and we can cancel if necessary, with full refund of course.MAN: That’s fine, thanks.Question 5-10MAN:And what visits are planned for this term?WOMAN:Right, well I’m afraid the schedule hasn’t been printed out yet, but we h ave confirmed the dates and planed the optional extra visits which you can also bo ok in advance if you want to.MAN:Oh that’s all right. If you can just give some idea of the weekend ones so I can, you know, work out when to see friends, etcetera.WOMAN: Oh sure. Well, the f irst one is St Ives. That’s on the thirteenth of Febr uary(Q5)and we’ll have only sixteen places available ’cos we’re going by minibus. And that’s a day in town with the optional extra of visiting the Hepworth Museum.MAN:Oh right…yeah…that sounds good.WOMAN:Then there’s a London trip on the sixteenth of February and we’ll be taki ng a medium-sized coach so there’ll be forty-five places on that, and, let’s see, the optional extra is the Tower of London(Q6).MAN:Oh, I’ve already been there.WOMAN: A fter that there’s Bristol(Q7) on the third of March.MAN:Where?WOMAN:Bristol…B-R-I-S-T-O-L.MAN:OK….WOMAN:That’s in a different minibus with eighteen places available, oh, and the o ptional extra is a visit to the S.S. Greet Britain.MAN:OK…WOMAN:We’re going to Salisbury on the eighteenth of March and that’s always a popular one because the optional extra is Stonehenge, so we’re taking the large co ach with fifty seats…MAN:Oh good.WOMAN: And then the last one is to Bath on the twenty-third of March.MAN:Oh yes. Is Bath the Roman city?WOMAN: Yes, that’s right, and that’s in the sixteen-seater minibus.MAN: And where’s the optional visit?WOMAN:It’s to the American Museum(Q8)- well worth a visit.MAN:OK, well that’s great, thanks for all that…WOMAN: My pleasure. By the way, if you want more information about any of the trips, have a look in the student newspaper(Q9).MAN: OK.WOMAN: Or, have a word with my assistant; her name is Jane Yentob(Q10) - tha t’s Y-E-N-T-O-B.MAN: Right, I’ve got that. Thank you very much for all your help.WOMAN:You’re very welcome. I hope you enjoy the trips.Question 11-13Good afternoon everybody and welcome to Riverside Industrial Village. To start your visit I’m just going to give you a brief account of the history of the museum befor e letting you roam about on your own. I won’t keep you long. OK?Now, from where we’re standing you’ve got a good view of the river over there. And it was because of this fast-flowing water that this site was a natural place for manufacturing works. The water and the availability of raw materials in the area, lik e minerals and iron ore, and also the abundance of local fuels, like coal and firew ood(Q11), all made this site suitable for industry from a very early time.Water was the main source of power for the early industries and some of the wa ter wheels were first established in the twelfth century, would you believe? At that time, local craftsmen(Q12) first built an iron forge just behind the village here on the bend in the river. By the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries the regions riv ers supported more than a hundred and sixty(Q13) water mills-and many of thes e continued operate well into the nineteenth century. But then the steam engine w as invented and then the railways came and the centers of industry were able to move away from the rivers and the countryside and into the towns. So, industrial vi llages like this one became very rare.So that’s the history for you. If you’d like any more informatio n, you can ask me some questions, or you can read further in our excellent guide book.Question 14-23Good day, ladies and gentlemen. I have been asked today to talk to you about the urban landscape. There are two major areas that I will focus on in my talk: how vegetation can have a significant effect on urban climate, and how we can better pl an our cities using trees to provide a more comfortable environment(Q14) f or us to live in.Trees can have a significant impact on our cities. They can make a city, as a wh ole, a bit less windy(Q15) or a bit more windy, if that’s what you want. They can make it a bit cooler if it’s a hot summer day in an Australian city, or they can ma ke it a bit more humid(Q16)if it’s a dry inland city. On the local scale- that is, in particular areas within the city- trees can make the local area more shady(Q17), cooler, more humid and much less windy. In fact trees and planting of various kind s can be used to make city streets actually less dangerous(Q18) in particular area s. How do trees do all that, you ask?。
