2011上海高考二模英语答案汇总(全部)

2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语(上海卷）本试卷分第一卷（选择题)和第二卷(非选择题）两部分。

共150分.考试时间120分钟。

第一卷注意事项：1. 答第一卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目用铅笔涂写在答题卡上。

2. 每小题选出答案后,用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号.不能答在试卷上.3。

考试结束，考生将本试卷和答题卡一并交回.Part I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A，you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers。

At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said。

The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1。

Where does the conversation most probably take place?A. At a train station。

B. At an airport。

C. At a travel agency.D. At a bus station。

2. How much is the service charge if the food costs 50 dollars？A。

2011上海市英语各区二模答案卢湾Section A1-5 BDCCD 6-10 DBBDBSection B11-13 BAA 14-16 BCDSection C17. 1808 18. toilet 19. leaking 20. three-day21. angry customers 22. transferred to Boston23. Early next month 24. location and reputationII. Grammar and VocabularySection A25. B 26. C 27. B 28. A 29. D 30. C 31. B 32. D33. C 34. D 35. A 36. D 37. C 38. A 39. B 40. ASection B41. H 42. E 43. D 44. A 45. C 46. F 47. B 48. I49. GIII. Reading ComprehensionSection A50-54 CBCBD 55-59 BABCB 60-64 AACDCSection B65-68 DBDC 69-71 BCD 72-75 DDBASection C76-80 FECADSection D81. she received words of praise from that father82. earn / win / make friends all over the world/from all parts of the world83. Praise is a sort of spiritual reward for our work./Praise is a sort of recognition of our work.84. To tell us to take every chance to praise others第II卷（45分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 分值：3分词的用法（形容词的固定搭配，比较级固定句型）低碳生活日益受到年轻人的推崇。

崇明县2011学年第二次高考模拟试题英语II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B. C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. Many exceptions _____ the rules of English usage make English difficult to master.A. ofB. offC. toD. on26. —Have you ever seen a tiger in the wild?—Yes. I saw ________ when I visited the national park in southern Nepal.A. itB. oneC. thatD. any27. It is the third time that the president _____ to China for a visit.A. comeB. comesC. will comeD. has come28. To master a foreign language like English requires hard work, so you _____ study too hard.A. ought toB. shouldn’tC. can’tD. mustn’t29. In some countries, _____ is called “equality” does not really mean equal rights for all people.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. one30. In making a speech, the number of listeners is also an important factor ______.A. to be consideredB. being considered C．considered D. considering31. The more exercise you take in your spare time, __________ it will do to you.A. the betterB. the bestC. the more wellD. the more good32. What disappointed Mr. Smith most was ______ to go to Canada with his parents to visit hisgrandpa.A. having not been allowedB. his not allowingC. his not having been allowedD. his being not allowed33. ______ you will carry out my instructions or I will offer the job to someone else.A. EitherB. UnlessC. UntilD. Whether34. _____ the earth to be flat, many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge of the world.A. Having believedB. BelievingC. BelievedD. To believe35. They didn’t discover until they happened to e nter the back room ________ someone had stolenthe priceless painting.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. when36. I’ve tried very hard to improve my English, but by no means _____ with my progress.A. the teacher is not satisfiedB. is the teacher not satisfiedC. the teacher is satisfiedD. is the teacher satisfied37. The story brought the hours back to me _____ I was taken good care of in that faraway village.A. thatB. untilC. whereD. when38. The sale usually takes place in front of the house, with the audience _____ on benches, chairs orboxes.A. having seatedB. seatingC. seatedD. having been seated39. Rather than _____ the vegetables to go bad, he sold them at half price.A. allowB. to allowC. allowingD. allowed40. ________ has recently been done to provide more buses, a shortage of public vehicles remains aserious problem.A. ThatB. WhatC. In spite of whatD. Though whatSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. distastefulB. telephoningC. individualD. fightE. surroundingF. chemicalsG. evolutionH. botanistI. escapeJ. survivalWhen you watch TV programmes about wild animals. It is amazing to see how an African animal can __41__ a lion’s attack. In the wilderness, every one has a stunt (绝技). Even plants have their own ways of fighting off enemies.Over millions of years of __42__, plants have developed a unique defence system. Chemicals are widely used for __43__. By making their leaves, flowers, stems, roots and fruits __44__ or poisonous to animals, plants can fight back.One such plant is the Golden Wattle tree. British __45__ David Cameron has found when an animal eats the tree’s leaves, the amount of poisonous tannin(单宁) increases in the other leaves. “It’s like the damaged leaves __46__ the others telling them to fight together against the enemy,” he said.The tree also sends defence messages to neighboring plants by giving out a special smell. Golden Wattle tree in the __47__ 45 meters will get the message and produce more tannin within 10 minutes. Now, if an animal eats too many of the trees’ leaves, it will die.Every species of plant or tree specializes in the production of a particular set of __48__. A plant-eating animal that can safely eat the leaves of one tree may be poisoned by its neighbor.In this way, plants have developed not only __49__ defence systems, but also shared them with others. This makes it impossible for a single animal to destroy even a small area of forest.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Hunting wild birds is illegal in Shanghai – and especially in Chongming County. So is selling birds as pets and __50__ them in restaurants as delicacies.But enforcement (执法) is difficult, and in many cases nonexistent, due to lack of __51__ and staff. A lot of __52__ work is left to volunteers. According to an official of the Shanghai Wild Animal Protection Association, who __53__ to be named, some small restaurants are __54__serving bird dishes, but the __55__ is impossible to stop at this time. “We have to __56__ cooperation with the city’s __57__ and industry department, the food and drug __58__, the police and many other sectors (部门) of the government,”he said. “__59__, there is no law enforcement power to __60__ their business licenses.”The association lacks enough people to __61__ into the Chongming woods, as the volunteers do, to __62__ nets, which are used to capture birds. The Chongming Woods Protection Team has only six members and five of them have to take care of the __63__ – only one is dedicated to bird protection, according to Jiang Long, our team leader and a member of the non-governmental Shanghai Green Oasis Ecological Conservation and Communication Center. “What they can do is limited，so volunteers are needed to fill the __64__,” Jiang said.50. A. killing B. buying C. serving D. burning51. A. resources B. sources C. guns D. tools52. A. routine B. protection C. difficult D. easy53. A. allowed B. approved C. agreed D. declined54. A. carefully B. illegally C. loyally D. privately55. A. behavior B. law C. practice D. case56. A. seek B. give C. find D. connect57. A. education B. fishing C. animal D. commerce58. A. business B. association C. administration D. institute59. A. Meanwhile B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. Besides60. A. provide B. suspend C. supply D. refuse61 A. intrude B. venture C. flood D. invade62. A. break into B. look for C. turn over D. cut down63. A. birds B. animals C. woods D. beach64 A. gap B. hole C. occupation D. placeSection BDirections:Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)She tells us she understands teens. She’s with them at home and she’s with them at school.She plays the piano and the flute (笛子). “Growing up I was always involved with music. My parents had divorced and I was under a lot of stress, and being around music, I felt peace and happiness. Later I came to realize that, as a music teacher, I could give that gift to kids.”And she’s an author. She wrote The Unexpected Adventure at East Haddam two years ago when Evens had a brother and a sister in her Chorus class who struggled with her relationship. Each one –mostly the sister –complained about the other to her. “And I hope the book will show them the importance of their education. It’s so hard for teens to understand the value of what they study in school.”She’s keenly aware of the challenges today’s youth face. “As a society, we’ve lowered our standards in many cases. As a kid I watched Happy Day and The Bill Cosby Show, and my parents never had to worry about what would come out of the characters’ mouths. Today there is no show on after 8 p.m. that’s suitable for younger people. It’s hard for kids today because they’re not allowed the innocence we had.”She’s busy at work on her next book. Evens says writing these books has filled a place inside her that she never thought about, but that needed to be filled. “I enjoy the process so much. I feel challenged. And I am able to purge(净化) some thoughts that I would like to share, especially with kids.”“The most important thing for kids today to remember is that every person is valuable and important, and they have to respect their bodies and themselves, and behave in a way that shows that.”65. Evens was fond of music as a child because _____.A. she could find comfort with music at homeB. her gift for music was passed down from her parentsC. her parents gave her a lot of pressure to learn musicD. music could bring peace between fighting parents66. We can infer from Paragraph 4 that _____.A. today the family seldom watches shows togetherB. the standard to choose characters in shows is raisedC. the show after 8 p.m. have a bad influence on teensD. today’s youth are as innocent as those in the past67. What statement may Evens agree to?A. School subjects are too hard for teens to understand.B. It is a challenge to teach children music and writing.C. Teens respect others by behaving themselves well.D. Education is of great value to teens today.68. What might be the most suitable title for the passage?A. A multi-talented teacher understands teens.B. A teacher writes books on teens.C. Teens love multi-talented teachers at school.D. Kids today are no more innocent than ever.(B)Advertisement 1Now available at Franklin Park one block from Indiana University. New unfurnished flat bedroom at $135, two bedrooms at $165, three bedrooms at $195 per month. Utilities (实用设施) include gas, electricity and water. Children and small pets are welcome. One month’s deposit required. Office opens through Saturday nine to five. Welcome for an evening or Sunday appointment. Advertisement 2SHEFFIELDLINCOLN COLLEGE OF ENGLISHClasses for foreign students at all levels3 months, 6 months, 9 months and one year courseOpen all yearSmall class (maximum 12 students)Library, language laboratory and listening centerAccommodation with selected families25 minutes from LondonCourse fees for English for one year are ￡1, 380with reduction for shorter periods of study.69. From Advertisement 1, we can suppose _____.A. cats and dogs are not permitted in the flatsB. the flats have furniture in themC. the flats are far from Indiana UniversityD. gas and water bills are included in the rent70. Advertisement 1 suggests that persons who are interested in the flats must _____.A. see the flats on Monday or SaturdayB. call for an appointment if they want to see the flats from nine to five Monday throughSaturdayC. see the flats before five o’clock during weekdaysD. call for an appointment if they want to see the flats on Sunday or in the evening71. While you stay in Lincoln College of English, _______ will take care of you.A. the school where you studyB. the family you have chosenC. your classmatesD. your own parents(C)I hear many parents complaining that their teenage children are rebelling. I wish it were so. At your age you ought to be growing away from your parents. You should be learning to stand on your own two feet. But take a good look at the present rebellion. It seems that teenagers are all taking the same way of showing that they disagree with their parents. Instead of striking out boldly(大胆地) ontheir own, most of them are attempting to seize one another’s hands for reassurance.They claim they want to dress as they please. But they all wear the same clothes. They set off in new directions in music. But somehow they all end up crowded round listening to the same record. Their reason for thinking or acting in thus-and-such a way is that the crowd is doing it. They have come out of their cocoon (蚕茧)—into a larger cocoon.It has become harder and harder for a teenager to stand up against the popularity wave and to go his or her own way. Industry has firmly carved out(创造出)a teenage market. These days every teenager can learn from the advertisements what a teenager should have and be. And many of today’s parents have come to award high marks for the popularity of their children. All this adds up to a great barrier for the teenager who wants to find his or her own path.But the barrier is worth climbing over. The path is worth following. You may want to collect rocks when everyone else is collecting records. You may have some thoughts that you don’t care to share at once with your classmates. Well, go to it. Find yourself. Be yourself. Popularity will come —with the people who respect you for who you are. That’s the only kind of popularity that really counts.72. This passage is meant to ______.A. tell readers how to be popular among people around themB. suggest people how to understand and respect each otherC. encourage teenagers to learn to make their choices and decisionsD. suggest parents how to guide and teach their teenage children73. According to the author, many children are said to be rebelling, but actually most of them ____.A. are very much afraid of being kept aloneB. are not courageous and confident enoughC. are not very popular among their classmatesD. are good at striking out boldly on their own74. The expression “to award high marks for the popularity of their children” can be understoodas “______”.A. to generously reward their children when they do better than othersB. to expect their children to become top students at the teenage marketC. to give prizes to their children when they do well in their testsD. to pay much attention to whether their children are popular75. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.A. advertisements are trying to help teenagers to find themselvesB. most teenagers are actually not rebelling at all in a real senseC. advertisements are always misleading in carving out a teenage marketD. most teenagers manage to become popular by dressing as they pleaseSection CDirections: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need.A. Preparations for surfingB. Potential dangersC. Current surfers’ attitude towards surfingD. Finding the right waveE. Where surfers come fromF. The most dangerous sportSurfing is one of the fastest developing sports in the world today. It used to be practiced by the ancient Polynesians, but since the 1960s anyone and everyone can go surfing.76.Surfing is more of a way of life for some people than simply a sport, and many spend their time travelling around the planet in search of the perfect wave. Typically, the average surfer is a relaxed type of person: they say it’s something about the art of catching waves and being out in the elements that makes you feel very relaxed. Surfers greet each other by saying “Howzit?” (a bit like “How’s it going?”) and sometimes call each other “bru”or “brah”from the Hawaiian word for brother, “braddah”. British surfers travel in WV camper vans and look a bit like hippiest.77.Anywhere that has a coastline with big waves is home to surfers. Half of Australia’s coastline is surfable so there are lots of Australian surfers. Hawaii is where the sport was invented and the current champion is Hawaiian Sunny Garcia. A lot of surfers also come from California and New Zealand. There are even surfers in the UK who hang out on the southwest coast where the Atlantic waves hit the shore.78.Get a board. Most surfers start on short boards. Long boards and guns are only for experienced surfers catching huge waves. You also have to be a very strong swimmer: being able to swim at least 100 meters, and 25 meters underwater is required.79.Beach breaks are waves which fall onto sand. They can be big, but are best if you are a beginner. Waves vary in size during different seasons and even at different times of the day, so watch out! Surfing can be dangerous and you need advice from someone experienced. More experienced surfers catch waves at point and reef breaks. They are away from the coast, and the swell comes deep from the ocean. Point breaks are waves bent because of the shape of the land beneath the ocean, and reef breaks are shaped by coral and rocks.80.Surfing is a dangerous sport if you aren’t a strong swimmer or if you try to do too much. The main thing most surfers have to worry about is their own board or other surfers’ boards. Great white sharks, stingrays and deadly jellyfish are also not friendly to surfers, but actually running into one of these is quite rare.Section DDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the no more than 10 words.Reading to oneself is a modern activity that was almost unknown to the scholars of the classical and medieval（中世纪的）worlds, while during the fifteenth century the term “reading” undoubtedly meant reading aloud. Only during nineteenth century did silent reading become common-place.One should be careful, however, of assuming that silent reading came about simply because reading aloud is a distraction to others. Examination of factors related to the historical development of silent reading reveals that it became the usual mode of reading for most adult reading tasks mainly because the tasks themselves changed in character.The last century saw a steady gradual increase in literacy, and thus in the number of readers. As readers increased, so the number of potential listeners declined, and thus there was some reduction in the need to read aloud. As reading for the benefit of listeners grew less common, so came the flourishing（繁荣）of reading as a private activity in such public places as libraries, railway carriages and offices, where reading aloud would cause distraction to other readers.Towards the end of the century there was still considerable argument over whether books shouldbe used for information or treated respectfully, and over whether the reading of material such as newspapers was in some way mentally weakening. Indeed this argument remains with us still in education. However, whatever its virtues, the old shared literacy culture had gone and was replaced by the printed mass media on the one hand and by books and periodicals（期刊）for a specialized readership on the other.By the end of the century students were being recommended to adopt attitudes to books and to use skills in reading them which were inappropriate, if not impossible, for the oral reader. The social, cultural, and technological changes in the century had greatly altered what the term “reading” implied.81. Why was reading aloud common before the nineteenth century?82. The development of silent reading during the nineteenth century indicates that ______________.83. People are still arguing about the value of __________________.84. What’s the writer’s purpose in writing this passage?第II卷（共45分）Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 我们花在作业上的时间很多。

2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（上海卷）本试卷分第一卷（选择题）和第二卷（非选择题）两部分。

共 分。

考试时间 分钟。

第一卷注意事项：答第一卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目用铅笔涂写在答题卡上。

每小题选出答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

不能答在试卷上。

考试结束，考生将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

内衣裤雨刮器留住流失的多面的考古学家第二卷注意事项： 用钢笔或圆珠笔直接答在试卷上。

答卷前将密封线内的项目填写清楚。

你为什么不在网上订票？（ ）我常把王海误认为他的双胞胎弟弟，因为他们长得太像了。

（ ） 对父母而言，没有什么能与孩子的身心健康相比。

（ ）自从出国留学后，她就不再和我们保持联系了。

（ ）如果能找到任何适合你的学习方法，你的学习效率就可能明显提高。

（ ）假如你是启明中学（ ）的李明，想申请一个扶贫项目，帮助贫困地区的儿童。

根据以下启事，写一封申请信（信中不能提到真实姓名和学校）。

年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英 语（上海卷）答案【答案】【解析】本题的选材属于 人际关系 类话题，属高考听力的高频话题。

题目设置考查了对所获得的信息进行推理判断的能力。

从 可直接推断出。

本题虽然很简单，但是还是需要考生对信息做一定的处理。

【听力材料】【话题】人际关系【材料】短对话【题型】选择题【答案】【解析】本题的选材属于 购物 类话题。

题目设置考查了对所获取信息进行推断的能力。

根据 可计算出如果消费 ，则 应该为 。

这道题需要考生对所听到的信息做一下加工处理。

【话题】购物【材料】短对话【题型】选择题【答案】【解析】本题的选材属于 人际关系 类话题，属高考听力的高频话题。

题目设置考查了对所获得的信息进行推理判断的能力。

从两人的对话中可以推断他们一个是宾馆的接待员，一个是客人。

根据对话内容很容易做出判断。

【听力材料】【话题】人际关系【材料】短对话【题型】选择题【答案】【解析】本题的选材属于 个人情感 类话题。

2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语(上海卷）本试卷分第一卷（选择题)和第二卷（非选择题）两部分。

共150分。

考试时间120分钟.第一卷注意事项：1。

答第一卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目用铅笔涂写在答题卡上。

2。

每小题选出答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

不能答在试卷上.3。

考试结束，考生将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

Part I。

Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections：In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation，a question will be asked about what was said。

The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once。

After you hear a conversation and the question about it，read the four possible answers on your paper，and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard。

1. Where does the conversation most probably take place？A。

At a train station。

B。

At an airport.C. At a travel agency。

D。

At a bus station。

2。

How much is the service charge if the food costs 50 dollars？A。

奉贤区调研测试（2011，04 ）Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.People from East Asia tend to have more difficulty than those from Europe in 41 facial expressions--and a new report published online in Current Biology explains why.Rachael Jack, University of Glasgow researcher, said that rather than scanning evenly (均匀地) across a face as Westerners do, Easterners42 their attention on the eyes.“We show that Easterners and Westerners look at different face features to read facial expressions,” Jack said. “Westerners look at the eyes and the mouth in equal measure, whereas Easterners favor the eyes and 43 the mouth.”According to Jack and her colleagues, the discovery shows that human 44 of emotion is more complex than previously believed. As a result, facial expressions that had been considered universally recognizable cannot be used to 45 convey emotion in a cross-cultural situation.The researchers studied cultural differences in the 46 of facial expressions by recording the eye movements of 13Western people and 13 East Asian people while they observed pictures of 47 faces and put them into categories: happy, sad, surprised, fearful, disgusted, angry, or neutral (中立的). They compared how accurately participants read those facial expressions using their particular eye movement strategies.It turned out that Easterners focused much greater attention on the eyes and made 48 more errors than did Westerners. “The cultural difference in eye movements that they show is probably a reflection of cultural difference in facial expressions,” Jack said. “Our data suggest that whereas Westerners use the whole face to convey emotion, Easterners use the eyes more and mouth less.”In short, the data show that facial expressions are not universal signals of human emotion. From here on, 49 how cultural factors have differed in these basic social skills will help our understanding of human emotion. Otherwise, when it comes to communicating emotions across cultures, Easterners and Westerners will find themselves lost in translation.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Not long ago, people thought babies were not able to learn things until they were five or six months old. 50 doctors in the United States say babies begin learning on their first day of life.Scientists 51 that babies are strongly influenced by their 52 . They say a baby will smile if her mother does something the baby likes. A baby learns to get the best care possible by smiling to please her mother or other 53 . This is how babies learn to connect and communicate with other human beings.One study shows that babies can learn before they are born. The researchers placed a tape recorder on the stomach of a 54 woman. Then, they played a recording of a short story. On the day the baby was born, the researchers 55 to find if he knew the sounds of the story repeated while in his mother. They did this by placing a device in the mouth of the newborn baby. The baby would hear the story if he moved his mouth one way. If the baby moved his mouth the other way, he would hear a different story. The researchers say the baby 56 liked the story he heard before he was born. They say the baby would move his mouth so he could hear the story again and again.Another study shows how mothers can strongly 57 social development and language skills in their children. Researchers studied the children from the age of one month to three years. The researchers attempted to measure the sensitivity of the mothers. The women were considered 58 if they supported their children’s activities and did not interfere unnecessarily. They tested the children for thinking and 59 development when they were three years old. Also, the researchers observed the women for signs of 60 .The children of depressed women did not do as well in tests as the children of women who did not suffer from depression. The children of depressed women did 61 in tests of language skills and understanding what they hear.These children also were less 62 and had more problems 63 other people. The researchers noted that the sensitivity of the mothers was important to the intelligence development of their children. Children did better when their mothers were caring, 64 they suffered from depression.50. A. Therefore B. Otherwise C. Consequently D. Yet51. A. witness B. assume C. suppose D. note52. A. intelligence B. environment C. nutrient D. emotion53. A. professionals B. standers-by C. caregivers D. relatives54. A. respectable B. refreshing C. pregnant D. responsible55. A. offered B. happened C. claimed D. attempted56. A. unbelievably B. coincidently C. obviously D. incredibly57. A. influence B. undertake C. prove D. resolve58. A. thoughtful B. sensible C. encouraging D. sensitive59. A. reasoning B. logic C. sight D. language60. A. depression B. faith C. enthusiasm D. creativity61. A. marvelously B. reasonably C. favorably D. awfully62. A. aggressive B. cooperative C. open-minded D. imaginative63. A. taking on B. calling on C. going in for D. dealing with64. A. despite B. in case C. for fear D. even whenSection BDirections: Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B,C or D. Choose the one that suits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Being the head of a high school for many years, I grew tired of budget meetings, funding cuts, and many other administrative chores (杂务). I started to dream of retirement. Sitting in traffic on a weekday morning, I would find my mind wandering. I would imagine spending time with my grandchildren, quiet evenings with my wife, traveling, or rediscovering some great books. I told myself th at I wouldn’t sign myself up for any committees, any classes, or anything requiring a schedule.My first day of retirement came at last! I cooked a great breakfast for my wife and me, leisurely read the paper, cleaned a bit of the house, and wrote a few letters to friends. On the second day, I cooked breakfast, read the paper. On the third day, … This is retirement? I tried to tell myself that it was just the transition, that those golden moments were right round the corner, and that I would enjoy them soon enough. But something was missing.A former colleague asked a favor. A group of students was going to Jamaica to work with children in the poorest neighborhoods. Would I interrupt my newfound “happiness” and return to the students, just this once? One tri p. That’s all. My bags were packed and by the door.The trip was very inspiring. I was moved not only by the poverty I saw but also by the sense of responsibility of the young people on the trip. When I returned home, I offered to work one day a week with a local youth organization. The experience was so positive that I was soon volunteering nearly full-time, working with students across North America to assist them in their voluntary work.Now, it seems, the tables have turned. Some days I am the teacher, other days I am the student. These young people have reawakened my commitment to social justice issues by challenging me to learn more about the situation in the world today, where people are still poor and suffer because of greed, corruption(腐败) and war. Most important, they have givenme the opportunity to continue to participate in helping to find solutions. In return, I help them do their charitable projects overseas. I’ve gone from running one school to helping oversee the construction of schools in twenty-one countries!65. What did the writer expect to do after he retired?A. To write some great books.B. To stay away from busy schedules.C. To teach his grandchildren.D. To do some voluntary work.66. Why did the writer decide to go to Jamaica?A. He missed his students in that country.B. He couldn’t refuse his colleague’s favor.C. He cared a lot about the people there.D. He was not satisfied with his retired life.67. The underlined part “the tables have turned” means that the wri ter ________.A. improved the situation in his schoolB. felt happy to work with students againC. became a learner rather than a teacherD. changed his attitude toward his retired life68. What does the writer think of his retired life now?A. Disappointing.B. Troublesome.C. Relaxing.D. Meaningful.(B)There are few areas better than Lack Myvatn for viewing the Northern Lights and discovering the wonders of the Icelandic winter.Day 1Reykjavik—Akureyri—Lake MyvatnFlight to Akureyri from where you will be picked up. Transfer to Lake Myvatn. Sightseeing tour of the Lake Myvatn area. After the tour, an introduction of the activities available.Day 2Free day at Lake Myvatn: optional tours available. Please note that all tours are dependent on weather and road-conditions, and therefore only booked locally at Lake Myvatn.Day 3Akureyri—ReykjavikThe morning will be spent at Lake Myvatn and then in the afternoon a transfer to Akureyri where you will go on a short sightseeing tour of Akureyri, enjoying the beautiful sights. Afternoon flight back to Reykjavik.Activities available at Lake MyvatnSnowmobileTake an exciting adventure on our snowmobiles out on the frozen Lake Myvatn or travel deep into the Highlands with one of our guides. 30 min and 1 hour tour available.Super-jeepSightseeing at Myvatn and a super-jeep adventure. 3 tours available: around the area of Lake Myvatn; a tour to Dettifoss, the most powerful waterfall in Europe and unforgettable at winter time; a tour further into the Myvatn area.Sightseeing toursSightseeing tours to some spectacular places: Icelandic farms, power station, museums and a search for the northern lights. These tours are recommended for all nature lovers.Cross-country skiingThe Lake Myvatn area and surrounding Highlands are great for cross-country skiing. There is a good mixture of areas from easy to more demanding and the length of each tour also depends on one’s ability.Horse ridingA wonderful area that offers a great variation of trekking（跋涉）routes. On offer (削价出售) are tours from one hour to a day tour with different destinations, something to match your desire.Go-carts on iceExperience the adventure of driving on the ice of the lake. The snow is taken away and you drive with“nailed”tire s. Also available is go-carts in the snow.Winter gardenDifferent kinds of amusements on the frozen lake: bowling, cricket, skating, mini golf etc.69. What is the purpose of the advertisement?A. To inform the timetable of a trip.B. To list the steps to see the Northern Lights.C. To introduce a special traveling package.D. To introduce the wonders of the Icelandic winter.70. Where will you spend most of the time during the trip?A. Reykjavik.B. Akureyri.C. Lake Myvatn.D. Icelandic farms.71. If you enjoy outdoor activities in winter and want to view the Northern Lights, you willjoin in ________.A. Horse ridingB. Cross-country skiingC. Go-carts on iceD. Sightseeing tours(C)A 40,000-YEAR-OLD child’s little finger bone found in a Siberia n cave probably belonged to someone from a previously unknown human species living near modern humans of the era, a study reported recently.For the study published in the journal Nature, scientists analyzed DNA from the bone discovered in the Denisova cave in southern Siberia. They found that its DNA was unrelated to either modern humans or their extinct Neanderthal (穴居人) cousins. The bone dates to a time when all three species apparently lived within 100km of each other in the Altai Mountain area.“I was amazed,” says study author Svante Paabo of Germany’s Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology. “There were at least three different forms of humans in this region at one time.”The bone was discovered in a dirt layer about 40,000 years old. Its DNA shows the creature’s ancestors separated from modern humans and Neanderthals around 1 million years ago. Researchers named the bone owner “x-woman” despite its undetermined gender. From the size of the bone tip, the team estimates its owner was a 5 or 6-year-old child.“This is really cool. It is highly likely they have found a human species distinct from modern humans or Neanderthals,” says gene expert Edward Rubin of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, who was not part of the study. Although the dating of the bone is based only on the cave floor dirt layer in which it was found, Rubin says, it probably couldn’t be much older than 50,000 years to have any DNA.Within months, Paabo says, the team hopes to have samples of the DNA of the species to compare with that of modern humans and Neanderthals, who became extinct about 30,000 years ago in Europe. That should offer some hints of the biology of the study species. Although genetically distant from modern humans, the new species appears much more closely related to modern humans than apes, says study lead author Johannes Krause. He said it was undoubtedly an upright-walking human species that needed clothing to survive Siberian winters.“Forty thousand years ago, the planet was more crowded than we thought,” gene scientist Terence Brown of the United Kingdom’s University of Manchester concludes in a commentary published together with the report.72. What is the article mainly about?A. A report over a previously unknown ape species.B. The discovery of a new human species.C. A new theory of human evolution.D. A study of children’s finger bones.73. Which of the following statements about the discovered bone is FALSE?A. It was discovered in the Denisova cave in southern Siberia.B. It dates back 40,000 years.C. Its owner was neither a modern human nor a Neanderthal.D. It belonged to a 5- or 6-year-old girl.74. The scientists are studying the bone to find ______.A. the biology of the new speciesB. whether it is related to modern humansC. how the species survived Siberian wintersD. the exact time the child lived75. What kind of attitude does gene expert Edward Rubin have towards the finding?A. Dissatisfied.B. Indifferent.C. Delighted.D. Uncertain.Section DDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.High-quality customer service is preached (宣扬) by many, but actually keeping customers happy is easier said than done.Shoppers seldom complain to the manager or owner of a retail store, but instead will warn their friends, relatives, co-workers, strangers and anyone who will listen.Store managers are often the last to hear complaints, and often find out only when their regular customers decide to go often to their competitors, according to a study jointly conducted by Verde Group and Wharton School.“Storytelling hurts retailers（零售商）and entertains consumers,” said Paula Courtney, President of the Verde Group. “The store loses the customer, but the shopper must also find a replacement.”On average, every unhappy customer will complain to at least four others, and will no longer visit the specific store. For every dissatisfied customer, a store will lose up to three more due to negative reviews. The resulting “snowball effect” can be very harmful to retailers.According to the research, shoppers who purchased clothing encountered the most problems. Ranked second and third were grocery and electronics customers.During peak shopping hours, some retailers solved the parking problems by gettingpart-time local police to work as parking attendants. Some hired flag wavers to direct customers to empty parking spaces.Retailers can relieve the headaches by redesigning store layouts(布局), pre-stocking sales items, hiring speedy and experienced cashiers, and having sales representatives on hand to answer questions.Most importantly, salespeople should be flexible and polite with angry customers.“Retailers who’re responsive and friendly are more likely to smooth over issues than those who aren’t so friendly.” said professor Stephen Hoch. “Maybe something as simple as a greeter at the store entra nce would help.”Customers can also improve future shopping experiences by complaining to the retailer, instead of complaining to the rest of the world. Retailers are finding it difficult to improve when they have no idea what is wrong.81. Why are store managers often the last to hear complaints?82. Shop owners often hire part-time police as parking attendants so that ________________.83. What contributes most to smoothing over issues with customers?84. To achieve better shopping experiences，customers are advised to ________________.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)Ⅰ.Translation（20分）Directions: Translate the following sentences into English. You are required to use the word given in the bracket for each respective sentence.1.这部电影的故事情节是根据真人改编的。

绝密★启用前2011年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语（上海卷）本试卷分第一卷（选择题）和第二卷（非选择题）两部分。

共150分。

考试时间120分钟。

第一卷注意事项：1. 答第一卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号、考试科目用铅笔涂写在答题卡上。

2. 每小题选出答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

不能答在试卷上。

3. 考试结束，考生将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

Part I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. Where does the conversation most probably take place?A. At a train station.B. At an airport.C. At a travel agency.D. At a bus station.【答案】B【解析】本题的选材属于“人际关系”类话题，属高考听力的高频话题。

1. Over several thousand years of development, Chinese medicine has attracted great attentionits unique and marvelous effects.A. toB. inC. onD. for2. To know more about the British Museum, one can use the Internet or go to the library, or.A. neitherB. someC. allD. both3. —Will you attend the ceremony tomorrow?—What ceremony? I informed of anything about it.A. wasn‟tB. haven‟t beenC. hadn‟t beenD. won‟t be4. No conclusion about whether to tear down the old buildings for a theme park until several discussions have been made.A. will be reachedB. is reachedC. is being reachedD. had been reached5. Talking on the phone for over 30 minutes be as harmful as listening to music at high volume through headphones for over an hour.A. mustB. shallC. canD. should6. The primary purpose of education is not to teach you to earn your bread, but every mouthful sweeter.A. makingB. makeC. madeD. to make7. in extra-curricular activities gives students many priceless lifelong skills that will be valuable to them forever.A. Being involvedB. InvolvingC. To involveD. Involve8. Some 350,000 people have reportedly been left homeless and are staying in shelters, anxiouslynews of friends and relatives.A. awaitB. awaitingC. awaitedD. having awaited9. with necessary knowledge and skills, the young man went to the job market with much confidence.A. To be equippedB. EquippingC. EquippedD. Being equipped10. Don‟t set yourself up for failure. Your chances of achieving your goals are much betterThey‟re realistic.A. sinceB. unlessC. ifD. as11. not all school subjects can be applied directly to your job in the future, they may have indirect value.A. AlthoughB. AsC. WhenD. As though12. As we all know, the start of a new year is the perfect time to think about you want to accomplish.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. how13. —It‟s reported that a new underground line has been completed.—Yes, but it has n‟t been made clear it‟s to be open to traffic.A. thatB. whenC. whatD. who14. People hold the view that life is 10% what happens to us and 90% we respond to it.A. whyB. howC. whenD. what15. The most destructive element in the human mind is fear. Only when we are no longer afraidto live.A. we are beginningB. begin weC. do we beginD. we begin16. Raising children is said to be a job parents receive the least formal training.A. in whichB. for whichC. whereD. thatA. dislikeB. satisfyC. centerD. familiarE. understandingF. roleG. honoringH. frightenedI. improvedJ. strictArt museums are places where people can learn about various cultures. The increasingly popular “design museum”that are opening today, however, perform quite a different 1 . Unlike most art museums, the design museum shows objects that are easily found by the general public. These museums sometimes even place things like fridges and washing machines in the2 of the hall.People have argued that design museums are often made use of as advertisements for new industrial technology. But their role is not simply a matter of sales—It is the 3 of excellently invented products. The difference between the window of a department store and the showcase in a design museum is that the first tries to sell you something, while the second tells you the success of a sale.One advantage of design museums is that they are places where people feel 4 with the exhibits. Unlike the average art museum visitors, design museum visitors seldom feel 5 or puzzled. This is partly because design museums clearly show how and why mass-produced products work, and how design has 6 the quality of our lives. Art museum exhibits, on the other hand, would most probably fill visitors with a feeling that there is something beyond their7 .In recent years, several new design museums have opened their doors. Each of these museums has tried to 8 the public‟s growing interest in the field with new ideas. London‟s Design Museum, for example, show a collection of mass-produced objects from Zippo lighters to electric typewriters to a group of Italian fish-tins. The choices open to design museum seem far less 9 than those to art museum.III. Reading ComprehensionIf you want your child to have perfect pitch(音高) like musical masters Mozart and Chopin, then start them early on Mandarin(普通话) or Vietnamese lessons. The possibility of developing perfect pitch seems to be strongly 1 to the language people speak, confirming that children can 2 the ability when they are very young.Estimates suggest that perfect pitch is very 3 in the US and Europe, with only about 1 in 10,000 people being 4 to hear a single tone and identify it as middle C, 5 . But it is slightly more common in people who start musical straining under five.Also, a 2008 study by psychologist Diana Deutsch of the University of California, San Diego, showed that perfect pitch is 6 is Chinese music students who speak Mandarin. Mandarin, like Cantonese and Vietnamese, is a tonal language(声调语言) in which the pitch of a spoken word is essential to its meaning. “In my experience, musicians in China don‟t regard perfect pitch as anything 7 because it‟s very common,” says Deutsch.To find out if Chinese people have a genetic 8 ,Deutsch‟s team tested 203 music students for perfect pitch --- they had to identify all 36 notes(音调) from three octaves(八度音阶) played in 9 order. Those tested included 27 ethnic Chinese and Vietnamese students who had 10 levels of fluency in the tonal language learned from their parents.It 11 that the Asian students scored no better than white students 12 they weren‟t fluent in their parents‟ language. But very fluent students scored highly, getting about 90 percent of the notes correct on average. “They did incredibly well. It was overwhelming,” says Deutsch.This suggests that 13 a tonal language plays a far greater role in perfect pitch than14 . “Is really looks as though infants should 15 perfect pitch if they are given the opportunity to attach verbal labels to musical notes at the age when they learn speech,” concludes Deutsch.1. A. exposed B. linked C. devoted D. accustomed2. A. use up B. take up C. pick up D. bring up3. A. normal B. different C. obvious D. rare4. A. ready B. anxious C. able D. curious5. A. for example B. by the way C. as well D. in addition6. A. important B. common C. impossible D. practical7. A. remarkable B. mysterious C. intelligent D. productive8. A. reverse B. random C. logical D. correct9. A. different B. similar C. high D. average10. A. figured out B. turned out C. made out D. found out11. A. because B. unless C. if D. though12. A. learning B. comparing C. teaching D. processing13. A. ages B. nationalities C. genes D. races14. A. prefer B. manage C. overcome D. acquire(A)Heading off to college this year? Here are some fashion tips from our experts you should keep in mind:Dress to impress: Stylist and business consultant Daniela Smith says, “Girls should keep in mind that your college professors will often be the bridge that connects you to your future career and your classmates will become your professional network. You don‟t need to dress like you‟re going to the office, but you should display an ability to properly present yourself with appropriate maturity and confidence, and look put together.”Logo mania(标志狂热)：Wearing the logos of brands aimed at younger customers physically identifies you as part of that age group, so consider the targeted age group of the stores you shop at. It‟s tempting to load up on logos, especially well-known logos that signify high-end brands. But consider this: college is a time of self-discovery, a chance to develop your own personal style. Instead of wearing logos head to toe, “walking advertisement” style, why not express who you really are?Wear real pants! The combination of leggings(紧身裤) and baggy shirts is all too common on college campuses. Smith point out that leggings, yoga pants, and sweatpants are entirely unacceptable in public unless you‟re exercising, Although leggings worn as pants are a common trend among high school and college girls, they are not an appropriate choice for daywear. As a young woman, your style choice should begin to reflect your maturity level. So, get rid of leggings and wear real pants!Keep the cute factor to a minimum: Stay away from sweaters and T-shirts with smiling animals, cartoon characters, or Hello Kitty on them. Sure, kittens might be cute, but they‟re notdoing you any favors in the style department. Dressing too cutesy(故意讨人喜爱的) can take years off your look, and not necessarily in a good way!1. The second paragraph indicates the importance of .A. impressing professorsB. getting on well with classmatesC. creating a professional imageD. dressing appropriately2. The author recommends wearing real pants because .A. leggings are too commonB. yoga pants and sweatpants are not comfortableC. real pants can present you with appropriate maturityD. people like real pants better than the other pants3. What‟s the writer‟s attitude towards sweaters with animals on them?A. They make people look lovely.B. They are fashionable.C. They will show you‟re an animal lover.D. They are not suitable for college-aged students.4. In which magazine are you most likely to find this passage?A. Business Week.B. Parenting.C. In style.D. Travel&Leisure.(B)One of the unsung benefits of our wired world is that for years, the most famous universities have been posting complete courses on the Web, tuition free. We have access to lectures, syllabuses(课程提纲)，exams, charts, diagrams, whole textbooks even-all in the name of the Open Course Ware movement that took off in the United States when the Massachusetts Institute of Technology began uploading classroom materials without charge in 2002. Now you practically need a full-time course adviser to help you with the choices. That‟s where we come in. Our writer, David Hochman, spent thirty days learning all he could through on-line lectures. Here are a few of his favorite teachers and his picks from the courses they teach.Marian C. Diamond, UC Berkeley, General Human Anatomy: The Human Brain and Muscular System. Says Hochman, “I stayed up past midnight absorbed in Diamond‟s simple yet amazing descriptions of what body parts do. “This mass weights only three pounds,‟ she says, holding a human brain, …yet it can imagine a universe a billion light-years across. Now is n‟t that extraordinary?‟ My brain certainly thought so.”Paul Bloom, Yale University, Introduction to Psychology; Evolution, Emotion, and Reason; Emotions, Part I. What do your dreams mean? Can apes learn sign language? Why can‟t we tickle ourselves? According to Open Yale Courses, this course tries to answer these questions and many others, providing a comprehensive description of the scientific study of thought and behavior.Michael Sandel, Harvard University, The Morality of Murder: (Part 1) The Moral Side of Murder, (Part 2) The Case For Cannibalism. A thousand students regularly pack themselves into a lecture Hall at Harvard to hear Sandel‟s course on justice, one of the most popular in the school‟s history. In this lecture, Sandel looks at difficult moral dilemmas(困境) involving choices we might one day make about life and death.Richard Feynman, Cornell University, Law of Gravitation. Says Hochman, “Maybe it‟s his cheerful New York accent, but the physicist makes the great principles of motion, energy, and, indeed, quantum mechanics(量子力学) seem down-to earth. …Even the artists appreciate the sunsets and the ocean waves and the march of the stars across the heavens,‟ he says beforeexplaining the law of gravitation.”5. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. David Hochman needs a full-time course adviser.B. Paul Bloom students human thought and behavior.C. Michael Sandel‟s New York accent appeals to many artists.D. Marian C. Diamond often stays up past midnight, absorbed in descriptions of what bodyparts do.6. If you are interested in justice, you will probably choose .A. Michael SandelB. Richard FeynmanC. Paul BloomD. Marian C. Diamond7. The purpose of this passage is to .A. help readers to make choices of on-line free coursesB. honor well-received online teachers and their coursesC. introduce some famous universitiesD. introduce the Open Course Ware movement(B)It takes two to duet(二重唱), and one question for scientists is how these coordinated(协调的) performances arise—in birds. Are they the result of cooperation, a way in which one pair signals to others that they‟ve got it together? Or are they result of conflict, evolving to avoid one partner‟s song interfering with the other‟s?A study of duetting in Peruvian warbling antbirds(蚁鸟) suggests that it might be a little of both, and that context is everything. Joseph A. Tobias and Nathalie Seddon of the University of Oxford show in Current Biology that sexual conflict can cause the female of a pair that normally cooperates to “jam” the male‟s song by singing over it.The researchers exposed antbird pairs to recorded songs of others antbirds and monitored the songs the pairs produced. In one experiment, they played the songs of an intruding pair. In this case, the resident pair “both are likely to lose their territory, so both should cooperate,” Dr. Tobias said. And they do. They produce a coordinated duet that in effect tells the intruders to keep away.But when the researchers played the song of a single female, the pair behaved differently. “you‟d expect the resident female to the be highly motivated to defend her position in the partnership,” Dr. Tobias said. And that‟s what occurs. The male sings its heart out, flirting(调情) with the single female, and the female of the pair does its best to interfere with the song by singing over it, apparently to make her mate less attractive to the other female.“It‟s clear that the male doesn‟t like what she‟s doing,” Dr. Tobias said. The behavior “breaks up what is otherwise a very cooperative situation into a more complicated signal,” he added.It‟s the first evidence of this kind of signal jamming among pairs, Dr. Tobias said.And in that it leads the male to alter its song to avoid the female‟s interfering notes, it shows that this kind of conflict could, over a long period, drive the evolution of coordinated song.1. What is key factor of antbirds‟ duet ?A. Their cooperation.B. Their conflict.C. The context.D. Their instinct.2. How did the researchers conduct the experiment?A. They put the antbird pairs back to nature and observe them.B. They played different recorded songs of other antbirds.C. They put an anbird to the other‟s territory and observed.D. They played the songs of an intruding pair.3. Why did the female bird sing according to paragraph 4?A. It wanted to show its singing talent to the partner.B. It aimed at keeping the partnership with the male.C. It wanted to frighten the other females.D. It wanted to make her mate more attractive.4. Which of the following is the topic of this passage?A. Special phenomenon about birds‟ pairs.B. The conflict of bird pairs.C. The cooperation of bird pairs.D. Duet of bird pairs.Section CA.The great impact and progress in genetic engineeringB.Worries about privacy protectionC.Worries about medical use of genetic engineeringD.Genetic knowledge helps to predict diseasesE.Genetic knowledge may not be properly usedF.The application of genetic engineering in the medical fields1.Current research into the human gene system is helping us understand why people have predispositions(易患某病倾向) to certain diseases. Knowing our genetic makeup can help us to judge whether or not we may be stricken by particular illness, such as cancer. Even before birth, we are able to do genetic screenings to determine what a child‟s genetic disorder will be. Scientists have already isolated and identified the genes responsible for the more than 4,000 genetic diseases that affect human beings.2.The implications of this knowledge are astonishing. In addition to predicting genetic predisposition towards diseases, gene therapies may provide new treatments or cures for serious diseases. Millions of people already use genetically engineered drugs to treat heart disease, cancer, AIDS, and strokes(中风). But with the research that is now being conducted, we may find cures to many more diseases. In the near future, genetic experimentation will also allow parents to select the traits of their children. Genetic traits that determine height, weight, eye and hair color will be able to be controlled, and many parents are excited about this potential.3.Many people, however, are unwilling to accept the possibilities genetic research allows. For example, one reason some women do not use the largest genetic testing for breast cancer is because they are afraid they will be discriminated against. Another problem is that many people do not want to discover their weakness. What if they learn that they have a disease for which there areno medical cures? How will such knowledge affect their lives? Do people really want to knowwhat they will die of?4.Many people believe that history has not always shown human decision-making to be bright when it comes to ethical (道德的) choices. Jeremy Rifkin is probably the most well known opponent of genetic engineering. He believes that humans are not responsible enough toexperiment with genes and should not “play God ” He asks, “Just because it can be done, does that mean it should be done?” He points out that our society will eventually look and act the same if parents select the traits of their children, and he questions the desirability of such a society.5.One of the fears expressed about genetic experimentation involves privacy. Already blood sample taken from patients in hospitals have been used for genetic research without the patients ‟ permission. Most people would agree that one ‟s health and genetic makeup are private concerns. But if insurance companies gain access to this information, it could have a large impact on insurance coverage or costs; if employers gain access to the information, it could have a large impact on hiring or promotion decisions. The possibilities for discrimination are obvious.Section DWhen Avril Lavigne announced she was splitting from her husband, comments from her friends suggest ed that she was only 21 when she got married and later she said she realized she‟d been too young to make such a life-altering decision. Could fellow young star divorcées(离婚者) Reese Witherspoon, Kate Hudson , and Britney Spears have also hit the same age-related issue? The Magic NumberThere are practical reasons for the mid-20s dividing line, and most of them boil down to the following factors.It turns out that the more years of higher education a woman has obtained by her wedding day, the lower the chanc es that she‟ll get divorced . . . and by 25, you‟re more likely to have earned a degree or two. Educated women tend to be more confident about who they are and less willing to settle for a man who doesn‟t meet their standards.Chances are that by 25 you‟re also supporting yourself, so there‟s less incentive(刺激；鼓励)for you to rush into marriage because you‟re seeking financial security from him. But the marriage-related benefits of working and having money of your own go beyond feeling secure. learning to bud get your cash carefully when you‟re single will help you avoid financial problems —one of the main causes of couple fights —for the rest of your life.Knowing the Real YouAt 25, you‟ve had time for some essential life experiences, including a relationship o r two that may have improved your Mr. Right radar. You‟ve probably dated enough to have a better idea of what you don‟t want in a man, which makes it easier to know what you can live with and can‟t live without.Perhaps the most important aspect of waiting is that you‟ll know what your goals and values really are. While you don‟t want to marry someone just like you, marriage is a lot easier if you two Share a similar outlook on life.Twenty-four and already married to the man of your dreams? Don‟t worry: Ma ny young marriages survive. But given the choice, you might consider putting off the big day until your mid-20s or later.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)1. According to the author, one of the main causes of couple fights is .2. How do you know what you don‟t want in a man?3. What are the two main factors that lead to the mid-20s dividing line?4. The main suggestion the author gives in this passage is .Translation1.很难说服汤姆放弃自己的想法。