国际贸易外文的文献翻译绿色贸易壁垒对中国对外贸易的影响毕业论文中英对照

绿色贸易壁垒对我国农产品出口的影响外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)Analysis and countermeasure of international green trade barrier The green trade barrier limits the development of the international trade by manysteps. It obstacles the integration of the international economy the free developmentof the world trade. It is in some countries，especially in some developing countriesthe production for export lost greatly. However， under the limitation of the green tradebarrier，the air and water resource have been polluted badly，and the soil resourcedecreasing and the loss of life.1.The definition of the green trade barrier . The green trade barrier is also named as green barrier. It refers to protection of theinner market by means of the limitation by the strict environment protectiontechnology or the green signs inthe import，which can keep the foreign merchandisesoutside. This causes an immense impact on the international trade order. 2.The reason of appearance of green trade barrier 1The change of view of value. Along with the development of the industrialization and the growth of the worldeconomy，the increasing destroy and pollute getting more and more serious. This hasdirectly affected the living and development of human beings. And this successfullydrew an attention of the international society. The way of people thinking， behavior ofconsumption and view of consumption have changed. The new conception of value thethat concentrate on quality of living and creating green civilization； need for greenproduction with pollution and harm to human are increasing. The people in developedcounties have formed a good view of value for green production also providesdeveloping countries chance and challenges. 2The traditional lawless tax barrier gets condemn of the international society. In order to bring up the newborn industries，some mature industries gainunpredicted profit. But even this，they never thought of the protection of the innermarket.However after the operation of the General Agreement On Tariffs andtrade the import tax has been decreased ever since. Non-tax barrier has beenlimitations. The chance and space for traditional trade barrier are getting smaller andsmaller. On this occasion，the developed countries begin to search for new ways oftrade protections for the sake of development of their own industries. And green tradebarrier come into use. 3Different standards in different countries. Economys state stays in different level owing to the different technology level.So there are great differences in the ability of environment protection in differentcountries. This leads to different environment protection standard. It is a hard to saywhich standard is the best one，because different environment standard has a directimpact on the cost. And this would have great impact on the world competence， whichaffected the balance of the international income and expenses .In order to limit theimport from developing countries，the developed countries find the green trade to beexcuses to protect their own industries. 3.The impact of the green tradebarrier on China The green trade barrier has both good and bad impact on one country. But it indeedhas different impact on different countries. Limited by the technology，China has alower ability to deal with the barrier and catch up the chance to improveitself.Moreover，China mostly focuses on export labor-centered production. By far it hasreceived negative impact from the barrier. For the time being，this kind of barrierexists everywhere，and grow stronger and stronger，which has struck our market andeconomy seriously. 1The negative impact on the green trade barrier ①It prevents the export form China and weakens the export internationalcompetence. ②It influences the bilateral even multilateral relationship with other countriesgetting to problems. Recently，the developed countries circumscribe the importation from acclaimingthat those goods are not the green production. Thus bring up the conflictions. Thedeveloped countries enjoy a free form of trade in a certain trade zone，which reducethe standard of trading rather than trading from outside of the zone. So，countries likeChina are hard to break through thetrade barrier. All those confliction are bad forChina. The situations are against China. ③It accelerates the pollution for products and makes the metastasis to China. Thestandard of environment protection are low，the systems are not perfect with lowstandard of green production in China. Because of this，a lot of production of lowquality are entering Chinese market leads to many foreign waste cases spring upeverywhere. All of this shows that China are lacking of a perfect supervising system.Without a good management there will be no efficient working. According to theinvestigation，from 1997 to 2000，the foreign waste are increased from 990，000 tonto 17，500，000 ton. There is evidently no doubt that these foreign waste have madethe environment more serious in China. But in the items got the investment nearlyhave no supervising on environment protection，which let the industries causingpollution have transferred in China. 2The positive impact on the green trade barrier. In the developed countries，the environment policy helps to strengthen themanagement of industry environment，and applies the high tech to develop the greenproduction，which can lower the cost. Thus we can gain high social and economyefficiency，and finally get the production of high quality. ①It does good to Chinas continuous development. The task of environment protection should be accomplished by all the humanbeings.The skills of management in developed countries are in an advantage placethan that in the developing countries. China as a developing country is supposed tolearn the experience of developed countries which can be made good use of topromote the harmonious development of environment and economy development. Weshould insist in the principle of continuous development which is good to ourconstruction of exportation. Furthermore，this can promote the industries to producemore and more technology-focused production and helps to break through the greentrade barrier while doing international trade. ②It get the industries change their trading concept. The law of environment protection in developed countries is more perfect than inChina. The conception of environment protection has been applied in every aspectwhile doing business activity. For example：use green package，sail greenproductionwith green after sail services provided，introduce environment protection knowledge，do promoting of green production with green theme and establish a green image ofcompany. With activities of above，everyone can protect the environment and natureconsciously. 4. Breaking the barrier 1The government plays the role of the lead to help to develop the” greenenvironment protection” industries. ①adjust the construction to the” green environment production industriesquot. ②complete the” law of the green tradequot，resist the barrier. 2For the industries，they should face to the challenge to produce more” greenproductionquot. ①Collecting quotgreen informationquot，developing quotgreen productionquot. The companies are supposed to take part in international economic technologyconference and business trade expo or visit others who are of abundant”greeninformation” and exchange with each other. The most essential way of breaking”green trade barrier”is to establish a nice international image. The industries shouldestablish a good supervision of production design and material picking，productionandwaste recycling，recto explore a green production needed by the market.Furthermore，the industries should pay much attention to financial input and thetraining of the employers. ②Strengthen the green management. Improve the market competence. Thequotgreen management” refers to a management that require industries form akind of sailing conception of conform the rule of green trade by continuous mind andgreen environment requirement. It is an effective way of breaking through thebarrier. The green environment protectionism is recognized as a worldwide trade newproblem，which need to face it and challenge it. Correcting trade standard is allcountries are aware of its unavoidable ability. In the WTO system，environmentprotection has been on the agenda. If we want to be successful in changing China agreat trading country into a great trading world power ， we have to doself-improvement and raise the conception of environment protection. So only whenwe make every effort to do improvement can we break through the green tradebarrier. 5. Our strategy and thinking on green trade barriers 1Strengthen education and drumbeating，raise awareness of environmentalprotection. the acceleration of the awareness of environment from all people can notbe separated from extensive publicity and education. Propagandize foreign trade andeconomy and environmental protection，especially do some work on universalenvironmental pact and environmental standards，making all the economic and tradeworkers at different levels fully understand the crucial and practical significance ofenvironment in this field. We should do a good job on the negative reports on foreigntrade and environmental protection，lead environmental protection awareness intoenterprises business decisions，and foster a sense of crisis and urgency. 2Establish and improve environmental protection laws and regulations ，strengthen execution of trade environment. we In the respect of preventing pollution， have set up some laws and regulations，but they are not in accordance with practical needs，maneuverability is not good，punishment is not enough；we are actually using economic methods to makeenterprises buy and sell drainage right，rather than urging them to deal with.Consequently aftertimewe should improve every environmental protection regulationwith the priority of prevention and strengthen supervision and management. Tostrengthen governments environmental management function，to punish acts againstenvironmental laws legally，develop the effect of green products and environmentalsigns，strengthen all the consumers surviving effects，develop green industry intosupporting industry，green product into fist product. 3Develop green market，green product，green marketing. With the strengthening of the awareness of environmental and resource protection anew industry with the purpose of protecting environment and resource——greenindustry is growing fast. At the same time，it has driven the development andformation of green product and green market. It is reported that in the following tenyears green product will lead the main markets in the world. We should adoptourselves with this tide change product designation package promote productquality， increase environmental items， make the best to achieve the standards of everytechnique， security， and sanitation， environment， adopt the tide of greenconsumption andneeds， also developlow-environment-protection-cost， good-quality green productthat is in accordance with universal environmental standards. 4Strengthen international exchange and cooperation，use international power toresist trade barrier. Although Uruguay will make an” Decision on Trade and Environment” toenhance awareness of environmental protection also it will make some basic items inwhich include security items to prevent developing countries from beingdiscriminated by developed countries. Therefore we can make use of some relevantitems and international agreements and unite other developing countries to resistdiscriminating strategies adopted by developed countries who are making use of greenprotection，and promote the development of our foreign trade. 6. Conclusion With the world economy developing fast，the developed country hold higherstandards and stronger awareness of environmental protection. We are in the thedeveloping stage， protection of green products have great effect on the exportationof our products，we must adapt our country and our foreigntriage with this new tideand follow relevant regulations strictly.国际绿色贸易壁垒的分析和采取的对策绿色贸易壁垒通过多种途径限制国际贸易的发展。

绿色贸易壁垒外文文献翻译综述(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)面对绿色贸易壁垒升级摘要：今年五月，欧盟在签发符合RoHS，WEEE，EUP的法令，REACH法规和规章和绿色贸易措施，提出并实施了DMF的顺序法令；DMF的命令禁止有“二甲酯”产品的流向和销售导欧盟市场，然而，3个月后执行的命令，让不少企业都受到影响，特别是金融危机的背景下的中国出口产业。

一些专家指出，绿色贸易壁垒成为继汇率影响外贸的又一个关键因素。

关键词：欧盟、绿色贸易壁垒、中国一、不可避免的“绿色贸易壁垒”近年来，由于欧洲和美洲国家绿色贸易壁垒不断升级;跨越关税壁垒后，另一种非关税的绿色贸易壁垒等待像中国这样的发展中国家。

从2009年2月至4月，欧盟非食品类产品快速预警系统（RAPEX）发布了30条关于对中国鞋和玩具产品的信息，德国、西班牙和法国召回，因为含有DMF。

2009年3月28日，山西检验检疫局工作组从企业收到一份报告，说是遏制拖拉机备用零件出口到意大利，由于使用木质包装已没有“自由DMF”的证明号码。

从2009年7月开始，广州芳村的包装材料制造商受到的退货和返工，因为在其产品中二甲基甲酰胺。

近年来，为什么绿色贸易壁垒在广泛领域的频率使用，它背后有一个深层次的原因。

例如，全球环境恶化，如：臭氧损耗，全球变暖，生物多样性丧失和其他问题，直接影响到人们的消费观念和价值观念，特别是在欧洲和美国等发达国家，消费者的'绿色价值观已经形成，并显示他们对绿色产品的需求和喜好，这也提供了绿色贸易壁垒的形成条件和机会。

此外，传统的非关税越来越多地被谴责，在这种情况下，出于自身利益的欧洲，美国和其他国家开始寻求新的贸易保护措施。

此外，在国家环保标准的差异，以及当前的国际贸易规则和协议是不完整的provids 绿色贸易壁垒的借口。

中国环境标志产品认证委员会秘书处主任，教授夏青表示，'绿色贸易壁垒'是不可避免的，任何国家在保护国家安全，动物和植物的安全，公众健康，环境，防止欺诈行为的期限，将提请了相关规定，发布有关规章制度，并采取技术防范措施。

AbstractWith the constant increase in global free trade, the tariff barriers, non-tariff barriers and trading subsidy will gradually disappear because of the restriction of treaties and agreements. "Green barriers" has already come out and has been placed on a higher position by some countries. Some enterprises have to painfully stop their feet in front of the threshold set by other countries. It is the “Green barriers” that set up the threshold. As a major exporter, China has suffered a lot from the “Green barriers”. In the last 3 -4 years, we have lost more than 20 billion dollars and some exporting cargoes about 7.4 billlion dollars per year. Wearing the legal suit, this kind of tariff barriers has a negative impact on the developing of the exporting enterprises; wha t’s worse, it would slow down China’s step to enter WTO. In a word, the Chinese manufacturers and the foreign trading industries have to pay great attention to the “Green barriers”.Key Words：Green barriers,foreign trade,influence,countermeasure引言绿色贸易壁垒在竞争日趋激烈的国际贸易中充当着越来越重要的角色，对我国外贸出口已经构成不容低估的影响。

绿色贸易壁垒外文文献Green Trade Barriers: A Literature ReviewWith the increasing concern for environmental protection and sustainable development, governments have begun to implement green trade barriers as a means of promoting environmentally friendly practices in international trade. These barriers take the form of environmental regulations, certifications, and standards that importers must adhere to in order to gain market access. While intended to promote sustainability, green trade barriers have also raised concerns about potential negative effects on trade and the global economy. This literature review seeks to provide an overview of the current state of research on green trade barriers.Environmental regulations as green trade barriersEnvironmental regulations are a common form of green trade barrier, with the objective of ensuring that imported products meet certain environmental standards. These regulations can take the form of outright bans on certain products, such as the EU's ban on imported seal products, or more stringent requirements for pollution control or energy efficiency. Researchers have found that these regulations can have bothpositive and negative effects on trade. On one hand, they may lead to increased costs and decreased access to certain markets. On the other hand, they can promote innovation and development of environmentally-friendly technology, which can lead to increased competitiveness and access to new markets.Certifications and standards as green trade barriersCertifications and standards are another form of green trade barrier, with the objective of ensuring that imported products meet certain environmental standards. Examples include the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certification for sustainably harvested timber and the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) certification for sustainably caught seafood. While these certifications have been shown to have positive effects on the environment, they may also lead to increased costs for producers and decreased access to certain markets.The role of the WTO in regulating green trade barriersThe World Trade Organization (WTO) has been involved in regulating green trade barriers, particularly in cases where they may be deemed discriminatory or unnecessarily trade-restrictive. One notable example isthe dispute between the US and EU over the EU's ban onhormone-treated beef. The WTO ruled that the ban was not based on sound science and was therefore discriminatory. However, there is debate over the WTO's role in regulating green trade barriers, with some arguing that environmental concerns should be given priority over trade concerns.ConclusionGreen trade barriers are an increasingly prevalent feature of international trade, driven by concerns for environmental protection and sustainable development. While they may have positive effects on the environment, they can also lead to increased costs and decreased access to certain markets. The WTO has played a role in regulating these barriers, but there is ongoing debate over the balance between environmental concerns and trade concerns. Further research is needed to better understand the impacts of green trade barriers on trade and the global economy.。

绿色贸易壁垒的外文文献绿色贸易壁垒的外文文献：Title: Green Trade BarriersAbstract: Green trade barriers refer to environmental regulations and standards imposed by countries on imported goods, with the aim of promoting environmental protection and sustainability. While these measures are intended to reduce the negative impacts of international trade on the environment, they can also create barriers to trade, especially for developing countries that may not have the resources to meet the stringent requirements. This paper examines the concept of green trade barriers, their impact on trade, and the policy options available to address these issues.Introduction: As global environmental concerns continue to grow, countries are increasingly adopting environmental regulations and standards to promote sustainability and protect natural resources. These measures can include a range of policies, such as emissions standards, energy efficiency requirements, and restrictions on hazardous substances. While these policies are intended to promote environmental protection, they can also have unintended consequences for international trade. Specifically, they can act as barriers totrade, particularly for developing countries that may not have the resources to meet the stringent requirements.What are Green Trade Barriers? Green trade barriers could be defined as environmental regulations and standards that restrict the trade of goods based on their environmental impact. These measures are intended to promote environmental protection and sustainability, but can also create barriers to trade, especially for developing countries that may not have the resources to meet the stringent requirements. Examples of green trade barriers include:Emissions standards: These are regulations that limit the amount of pollution that can be produced by a particular product or industry. For example, the European Union has set strict emissions standards for automobiles, which can make it difficult for foreign automakers to sell their products in the EU.Energy efficiency requirements: These are regulations that require products to meet certain energy efficiency standards. For example, the United States has energy efficiency requirements for appliances, which can make it difficult for foreign appliance manufacturers to sell their products in the US.Restrictions on hazardous substances: These are regulations that limit or ban the use of certain hazardous substances in products. For example, the EU has banned the use of lead in certain products, which can make it difficult for foreign manufacturers to sell their products in the EU.Impact of Green Trade Barriers: While green trade barriers are intended to promote environmental protection, they can also have unintended consequences for trade. Specifically, they can act as barriers to trade, particularly for developing countries that may not have the resources to meet the stringent requirements. This can result in a number of negative impacts, including:Reduced export opportunities: Green trade barriers can limit the export opportunities for developing countries, particularly those that rely heavily on exports for economic growth.Increased costs: Compliance with green trade barriers can be costly, particularly for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in developing countries that may not have the resources to invest in new technology or processes.Unequal playing field: Green trade barriers can create an unequal playing field for developing countries, particularlythose that may not have the resources to meet the same standards as developed countries.Policy Options: There are a number of policy options available to address the issues of green trade barriers. These include:Capacity building: Developing countries can be supported through capacity building initiatives, such as technology transfer, to help them meet the requirements of green trade barriers.Harmonization of standards: Developing countries can be encouraged to adopt international environmental standards, which can help to harmonize regulations and reduce the potential for trade barriers.Mutual recognition agreements: Countries can enter into mutual recognition agreements, which recognize each other's environmental standards and reduce the potential for trade barriers.Conclusion: While green trade barriers are intended to promote environmental protection, they can also create barriers to trade, particularly for developing countries. There are a number of policy options available to address these issues, including capacity building, harmonization ofstandards, and mutual recognition agreements. By addressing these issues, it is possible to promote both environmental protection and trade, while ensuring that developing countries are not unfairly disadvantaged.。

外文翻译原文The green barrier to free tradeMaterial Source: Financial Daily from THE HINDU group of publicationsAuthor: C. P. Chandrasekhar，Jayati GhoshAT the and of the latest round of meetings of the agricultural negotiations committee of the WTO, the optimism that negotiators would meet the March 31 deadline for working out numerical targets, formulas and other “modalities” through which countries can frame their liberalization commitments in a new full-fledged round of trade negotiations has almost disappeared. That target was important for two reasons：First，it is now becoming clear, that even more than was true during the Uruguay Round, forging an agreement in the agricultural area is bound to prove extremely difficult. Progress in the agricultural negotiations was key to persuading the unconvinced th at a new “Doha Round” of trade negotiations is useful and feasible.Second, the Doha declaration made agricultural negotiations one part of a `single undertaking' to be completed by January 1, 2005. That is, in a take `all-or-nothing' scheme, countries had to arrive at, and be bound by, agreements in all areas in which negotiations were to be initiated in the new round. This means that if agreement is not worked out with regard to agriculture, there would be no change in the multilateral trade regime governing industry, services or related areas and no progress in new areas, such as competition policy, foreign investment and public procurement, all of which are crucial to the economic agenda of the developed countries.The factors making agriculture the sticking point on this occasion are numerous. As in the last Round, there is little agreement among the developed countries themselves on the appropriate shape of the global agricultural trade regime. There are substantial differences in the agenda of the US, the EU and the developed countries within the Cairns group of agricultural exporters. When the rich and the powerful disagree, a global consensus is not easy to come by. But that is not all.Even if an agreement is stitched up between the rich nations, This is because the outcomes in the agricultural trade area since the implementation of the Uruguay Round (UR) Agreement on Agriculture (AoA) began have fallen far short of expectations. In the course of Round, advocates of the UR regime had promised global production adjustments that would increase the value of world agricultural trade and an increase in developing country share of such trade.That is, the US proposals are clearly not in the direction of reducing state support for agriculture, but of manipulating the agricultural support regime in the direction of what was defined to be non-trade distorting in the course of the Uruguay Round. Seen in this background, the new stand on agricultural support still being discussed among EU members is by no means bizarre. The European Commission's recently released proposals for reform of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) do not promise any cut in total spending. But they do not point to any substantial increase either, since the EU leaders agreed last year to a 1 per cent ceiling on annual increases in the farm budget. In addition, the proposals currently being discussed make an effort to link subsidies less directly with production, thereby rendering them non-trade distorting. The difficulty the EU faces is that of mooting and then winning agreement among its members on doing away with export subsidies and on making a complete transition to Green Box measures. Since the support afforded to agriculture in EU countries is large and multifarious, a complete transition is not easy to achieve.France, for example, which receives more money from the CAP than any other country is vehemently opposed to that transition, with vocal support from President Chirac. As a result, the EU in its proposals submitted in December to the agricultural negotiations committee, has called for retaining the Blue Box and for continuing with the Peace Clause, which protected Blue Box measures from being challenged during the implementation period of the Uruguay Round.That is, the EU wants the right to openly and transparently support and protect its farmers, and wants adequate elbowroom within the agreement to do so. But the fact that it is unwilling to go the US way, by opting for less transparent support measures that have been defined as acceptable helps those who paint it as the stumbling block on the road to free trade. The reason for the peculiar situation is that through the manoeuvres made during the Uruguay Round, especially the famous Blair House accord, the rich nations managed to obtain Cairns group concurrence and developing country support for an agreement that provided inadequate marketaccess and little reduction in protection in the developed countries in the agricultural area.This they did by holding out the threat of trade chaos if no agreement was reached and by promising that:●This was an interim arrangement which would be assessed starting a year beforethe completion of the implementation period;●The worst form of domestic support such as the blue box measures would bedropped at that point; and●liberalization would be further intensified starting in 2000. Unfortunately, notonly has the experience with the implementation of the not-so-liberal Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture been wanting on many counts, but there is strong pressure to continue with the manoeuvring by dressing up all support measures in Green, as is the case with the US, or by just refusing to meet the Uruguay Round commitments, as is true of the EU.This makes it extremely difficult to once more win Cairns group concurrence and developing country support for a new Agreement on Agriculture, which offers merely a small advance along an older protectionist route. Unfortunately for the developed countries, they had gone for the "single undertaking", all-or-nothing strategy with the hope that they can use small concessions in areas such as agriculture, drug patents and special and differential treatment to win major battles in the areas of competition policy, foreign investment and public procurement. But with no agreement among them even on those concessions and an agreement on agriculture proving a stumbling block, those visions born of greed are threatening to blur.The threat to the forces of corporate globalisation comes not just from the anti-globalisation movement outside. An important enemy seems to lie within, as well.译文绿色贸易壁垒对自由贸易的影响资料来源:印度金融日报2003年1月28日作者：钱德拉塞卡戈什在结束对农业谈判世贸组织，乐观委员会的会议，谈判将符合3月31日为制定一个数值目标，公式等“模式”的框架，各国可以通过其最新一轮的开放承诺的最后期限新的全面的贸易谈判回合已经几乎消失。

摘要绿色贸易壁垒是当今国际贸易保护主义的新动向，是非关税壁垒的重要组成部分，它对国际贸易的发展产生了很大程度的影响。

各国为了保护环境而采取的一些措施直接或间接地限制甚至禁止了某些产品的贸易，成为绿色贸易壁垒。

并且随着各国环保标准的日趋严格，绿色贸易壁垒越来越被认为是国际贸易中新贸易保护主义的一种形式。

在贸易与环境的矛盾下，绿色贸易壁垒便成为他们实施贸易保护的有力武器。

作为一个贸易大国，绿色贸易壁垒己影响到我国对外贸易的发展，凡乎波及到我国外贸出口的所有领域。

因此，系统地研究绿色贸易壁垒，分析绿色贸易壁垒对国际贸易的影响，以及分析对中国经济可持续发展的影响，提出构建我国的绿色贸易壁垒应对策略，具有重要的理论和现实意义。

本人倾向于客观中立的视角看待绿色贸易壁垒，认为绿色贸易壁垒是指一国以保护有限的自然资源、环境和人类健康为由，通过制定一系列苛刻的环保标准，对来自其他国家或地区的产品和服务直接或间接加以限制的贸易手段和措施，是新贸易保护主义与环境保护的产物，逐步成为国际贸易政策措施的重要组成部分。

文章从国际贸易和环境问题的关系入手，理论分析、建立模型和实证分析相结合。

首先从绿色贸易壁垒的文献综述着手，探讨了绿色贸易壁垒的定义、形式和特点;其次，对开放经济和封闭经济的两国模式的计算分析，讨论了绿色贸易壁垒对贸易、环境的影响;最后，结合当今全球经济发展和环境问题发展趋势及特点，对当今中国应对绿色贸易壁垒体系的策略进行了分析。

关键词：绿色贸易壁垒；国际贸易；策略AbstractGreen trade barriers，the new trend of international trade protectionism，are an important part of non-tariff barriers，which have significant influence on the development of international trade. In order to protect their own environment，the world nations adopt some measures，directly or indirectly，to restrict or even prohibit trade activities of some products，which serves as the Green Barriers in the international business and trade. With the increasing critical environmental standards，the Green Barrier has been becoming a new form of trade protectionism in the world trade. When in face of the conflict between trade and environment，the Green Barriers can be a powerful weapon of trade protectionism. As China has become a trading power, the Green Barriers has influenced the development of China’s foreign trade，nearly including all its fields. Therefore，it is of theoretical and realistic significance to study the Green Barriers and its influence on international trade and the sustainable development of China’s economy systematically and finally put forward the strategies to cope with the Green Barriers and properly construct our own Green Barriers. The author tends to view the Green Barriers in a neutral and objective perspective. The thesis holds the opinion that the Green Barriers are the trade instruments and measures taken by a nation to protect the limited resources，environment and human health，which restrict the products and services from other countries and regions through formulating a series of environmental standards. Besides，it is the product of new trade protectionism and environmental protection，which gradually becomes an important part of international trade policies and measures. The thesis makes an analysis of the international trade and environmental protection，through theoretical analysis，modeling and empirical analysis. It begins with the literature review of the Green Barriers，which includes its definition，forms and characteristics; then, it makes a calculation analysis mainly by using the inclose and exoteric conditions，and discuss the two countries’mode influence of Green Barriers on trade and environment: lastly，through combining the present global economical growth and environmental development trend，it analyzes China’s current strategies for the Green Barriers.Key words：Green Trade Barriers；International Trade；Strategy目录1 绿色贸易壁垒的相关理论 (1)1.1研究背景 (1)1.2研究内容与研究方法 (1)1.3绿色贸易壁垒的含义 (2)1.4绿色贸易壁垒产生的原因 (2)1.5 绿色贸易壁垒的特点 (4)1.6绿色贸易壁垒的表现形式 (6)2 绿色贸易壁垒对我国外贸的影响 (7)2.1绿色贸易壁垒对我国出口的影响 (7)2.2绿色贸易壁垒对我国进口的影响 (8)3 我国应对绿色贸易壁垒的对策 (9)3.1政府的对策 (9)3.2行业协会的对策 (10)3.3企业的对策 (11)结束语 (12)参考文献 (13)1 绿色贸易壁垒的相关理论1.1 研究背景绿色贸易壁垒的含义是指环境（非关税）壁垒，是国际社会为保护人类，动植物及生态环境的健康和安全而采取的直接或间接限制甚至禁止某些商品进出口的法律、法规和政策措施。

绿色贸易壁垒对外贸影响分析论文随着全球环境问题的不断加剧，环保已经成为了全世界的焦点问题。

在这一背景下，越来越多的国家开始通过实行绿色贸易壁垒来保护自己的环境和资源。

然而，这一措施却对外贸造成了一定的影响。

本文拟对绿色贸易壁垒对外贸的影响进行分析。

一、绿色贸易壁垒的主要内容绿色贸易壁垒即指通过一系列的环保标准和规定来限制进口商品的数量和种类。

这些规定往往包括了对进口商品的生产过程、包装材料、成分等多方面的要求。

进口方需要证明其商品符合相关环保标准后方可获得进口许可证。

这样的措施可以有效地保护国内环境和资源。

二、绿色贸易壁垒对外贸的影响绿色贸易壁垒对外贸的影响主要体现在以下几个方面：1. 贸易额下降由于绿色贸易壁垒的限制，进口方需要符合相关环保标准才能获得进口许可证。

这对那些无法达到这一标准的国家和企业造成了很大的压力，贸易额也会相应地下降。

2. 产品成本上升为了符合绿色贸易壁垒的要求，进口方需要采纳一系列的环保措施，从原材料到生产过程、包装等多个环节都需要投入更多的成本。

这样一来，产品的成本就自然而然地上升了。

如果企业无法通过提高产品价格来消化这些成本，就会损害其在国际市场上的竞争力。

3. 国际贸易体系面临挑战绿色贸易壁垒的出台，意味着国际贸易体系的转型。

这样的转型也对WTO的运作带来了挑战。

目前，WTO已经在全球范围内负责约束贸易障碍，但是绿色贸易壁垒对于WTO的决策机制产生了一定的冲击，这也需要国际社会进行深入的讨论和研究。

三、绿色贸易壁垒的优缺点1. 优点绿色贸易壁垒的出台，可以有效地保护地球环境和资源。

这对于全球的可持续发展也具有重要的意义。

2. 缺点绿色贸易壁垒的实施，会制造新的贸易壁垒，使得国际贸易更加困难。

同时也会使得来自一些贫困国家的企业难以进入全球市场，这也会对全球贸易循环系统带来一定的不利影响。

四、绿色贸易壁垒的应对措施针对绿色贸易壁垒对于国外贸易的影响，针对性的应对措施是至关重要的。

本科毕业设计（论文）中英文对照翻译(此文档为word格式,下载后您可任意修改编辑!)文献出处：Martin B. The Green Barriers and Agricultural Product Export [J]. Asian Social Science, 2017, 1(6): 34-45.原文The Green Barriers and Agricultural Product ExportMartin Beck.AbstractAs an agricultural country, the export of China's agricultural products are often suffered the restrictions from the green barriers. The positive green barriers can regulate the agricultural production in China, and promote the agricultural development and international trade; on theother hand, the negative green barriers would increase the cost of trade, trade friction, and prevent the development of international trade. So the research of influence of green barriers on China's agricultural products is very realistic. According to the influence of green barriers on China's agricultural exports, the corresponding countermeasures can be made to deal with the green barriers and improvement of China's competitiveness in the international competition. This study examines the causes, influences and methods of green barriers on China's agricultural products export based on the questionnaires of 200 staffs of agricultural trade companies in Xi'an of Shaanxi province in China. To address this issue, Partial Least Square method is applied and the empirical result shows that there is a positive and significant effect from causes, influences, and methods towards the China's agricultural products export.Keywords: green barriers, agricultural product, export, China1. IntroductionThe green barrier is one of the most frequent measures in developed countries from the 1990's (Feng, 2007). As an agricultural country, the export of China's agricultural products are often suffered the restrictions from the green barriers. The positive green barriers can regulate the agricultural production in China, and promote the agricultural development and international trade; on the other hand, the negativegreen barriers would increase the cost of trading, even cause trade friction, and prevent the development of international trade. Green barriers are also called environmental barriers and green protectionism, which is a new trade barrier since 1990s. Buyers will impose green barriers on sellers' export when the buyers want to protect their own limited resources, human, animal, plant health and ecological environment in the modern international trade. Green barriers take place when importers have strict environmental protection laws and regulations to manage their own environment and technology standards. The green barriers are becoming not only the serious challenges faced by China's agricultural export products but also the biggest obstacle for China's agricultural exports (Y u, 2010). To deal with the green barriers, it is important to identify the causes of green barriers on China's agricultural products export, which are from both import and export countries. The limited agricultural technology of China is one significant cause. Due to the limited agricultural technology of China, the agricultural export products can't meet the high environmental standards mentioned in "green barriers" of the import countries. In the process of export, the quarantine system, import standards and complex inspection process that are regulated by the import countries are also the main causes. The complex process built by import countries is the biggest obstacle for China's agricultural products export.As agricultural trade plays a key role in China's foreign trade, how to break restrictions of green barriers impacted on agricultural export products and how to effectively regulate China's agricultural production with the correct use of the green barriers are the big problems for China's future development (Wang &Liu, 2007). By changing the negative influence and making use of the positive in influences of green barriers in China, the sustainable development of China's agricultural trade can also be promoted in the future.In most previous researches, the authors focus on the negative influences of green barriers. But the green barriers also have positive influences on the agricultural products export. The most significant issue for further exploration in the study is to effectively take use of the positive influences to improve China's agricultural products export. This study will make an empirical analysis of the positive influences of green barriers with questionnaires. Therefore, examining the relationship between green barriers and China's agricultural products export is the general objective of this study. More specifically the examination of the relationship between the causes, influences, and methods of green barriers with China's agricultural product export is taken into account in this paper.The focus of geographic location is Xi'an of Shaanxi province in China. One of the core industries in Xi'an is agricultural products export,and recently the agricultural products export in Xi'an is developing increasingly. So Xi'an is chosen to be the geographic location for this research. The unit of analysis focus of the study is 200 staffs of agricultural trade companies in Xi'an of Shaanxi province in China. The agricultural trade companies have comprehensive views about the green barriers. The research methods in this paper are questionnaire survey. SPSS and PLS will be used to analyze the data collecting from the survey.The organization of this paper is as follow: section 2 reviews the literature, section 3 describes the methods used, section 4 presents the empirical results and section 5 concludes. 2. Literature Review Green barriers are also called environment barriers, and green protectionism. Because the importers of products want to protect their own limited resources, human, animal, plant health and ecological environment in the modern international trade, through the formulation and implementation, they issued strict environmental protection laws and regulations to achieve environment protection and technology standards. The green barriers prevent foreign products enter into the domestic markets. Their aim is to protect domestic products and one of the new type non-tariff barriers (Feng, 2007). 2.1 Causes of Green Barriers After China entered into WTO, most of the developed countries set up green restrictions to the export products of China. This leads thedramatic dropping of China's commodities, especially the agricultural products. The domestic and foreign experts have done a lot of research about the green barriers in China.As mentioned by Zhu, Guo and Lan (2008), the environmenta l standards of developed countries are generally much higher than those of the developing countries. Especially a few developed countries make different standards for the imported products and domestic products, which makes the products of developing countries have more difficult to enter into the developed markets.The comparative advantage of price in developing countries is an indirect cause of green barriers (Ren, 2010). Developing countries are often rich in resources, especially China. The rich natural resources make the lower price of exported products from developing countries. With the comparative advantage of price, the developing and developed countries will have an enormous trade surplus. The developed countries due to the protection of their domestic market, will work out a policy with strict technical standards (Zhao, 2004).2.2 Influence of Green BarriersSong (2009) analyses the formation and the new characteristics of green barriers in the global economic crisis. The author also points out that the new developing dynamic of each country's green barriers in theglobal economic crisis, and mainly from the laws and regulations puts forward the measures of green barriers for China. ChenXu (2009), points out that green barriers has the duality, on the one hand, they are used by some developed countries as a limit or hinder of foreign products or services to enter into the international market and the developed countries, and have certain "legitimate" status; On the other hand, they objectively protect the global natural environment, original resources and human health. In view of this situation, on the one hand China can strengthen the propaganda of education and legislation to solve the green barriers in the international trade (Huang, 2007); On the other hand, China should reasonably use the green barriers in the international trade to improve the agricultural products' quality, and improve the technology innovation of China's agricultural products. At present many areas of China have make corresponding measures for the green barriers. For example, the implementation of "Definite List System" in Japan has affected the exports of eel and tea in Jiang Xi province. In order to solve the problem, the Inspection and Quarantine Institutions of Jiang Xi province add a technology group to deal with the "Definite List System" and the new European Food Hygiene Regulations. This technology group specially analyses the influence and measures for Jiang Xi export commodities to deal with "Definite List System", and report information to the relevant departments and enterprises, give consultation, and solveproblems (Green, 2012). To some degree, the technology group has made great progress. The Chinese products that are most seriously affected by "green barriers" in global trade include agricultural products, textiles and clothing, leather products, electronic products and so on (Chen, 2009).The WTO accession has significantly lowered the tariff level to an average of 3.8% in developed countries and 14% for developing countries (Huang, 2007). The drop in tariff should presumably increase the market share of Chinese tea in importing countries, but that unfortunately did not happen. China's tea export, with its major markets in EU and Japan, has been substantially affected by the increasingly stringent pesticide residue control standards promulgated by China's trading partners (Zheng, 2003).2.3 Methods to Deal with Green Barriers Y u (2010) mentioned that many global experts have done quite a lot research about the negative influence of the green barriers on China agricultural products export and made deeply detailed analysis of the countermeasures, but proposed less ideas on the positive impact. Only through analyzing both the positive and negative influences, China can put forward the corresponding measures for the green barriers in the light of these influences.Yin (2009) argued that developing green industries and enhancing China's international image are the necessary methods to deal with green barriers. At present, China's trade dependence has been higher than the U.S., Japan, India and Brazil. If China only focuses on improvingopenness, due to the deteriorating terms of trade, it will result in an outflow of resources. Therefore China should improve the quality of trade and optimize trade structure, which make China's products achieve the environmental standards and improve the quality of export products. There are three important factors.As a developing country, China has little environmental and security standards and even no standards for majority products. So an effective measurement to deal with green barriers is to improve the domestic environmental and safety standards. Efforts to integrate the standards of international and developed country are still a beginning and continue to advance slowly. The Measures on the Management of Environmental Standards, promulgated by SEPA, reflect a growing awareness and recognition of international or developed-country environmental standards (Seffens, 2011). It provides that the Chinese monitoring organization may use current international standards and standards in developed countries when verbalizing new environmental standards. Therefore, based on the literature above quoted and also the objectives of the paper, following hypotheses will be tested: Hypothesis 1: There is a significant relationship between the causes of green barriers and China's agricultural product export. Hypothesis 2: The impact of green barriers influencers toward China's agricultural product export is significant. Hypothesis 3: The impact of effective solutions of green barriers towardChina's agricultural product export is significant. 2.4 Research Model In this paper, the relationship between green barriers and China's agricultural products export (dependent variable) is investigated. In order to vividly show the green barriers in China, this study will identify three aspects of green barriers, which are causes, influences and methods (independent variables). The three aspects are also the three steps to analyse green barriers in China. To analyse green barriers, the causes are the first step. Then identifying the influences is the second step. The last step is the suitable methods based on causes and influences. 3. Research MethodQuantitative research is chosen to be the main approach of this research. The data collection of this study will use survey, which is a non-experimental method. In survey research, respondents answer questions through interviews or questionnaires. In order to ensure the reliability of the survey, it is important that the questions are made appropriately. This research will use cross-sectional surveys. Cross-sectional surveys are used to gather information on a population at a single point in time. The sampling technique used in this paper is Cluster Sampling. This research focuses on the agricultural trade companies in China. All the samples are collected in Xi'an of Shaanxi province since the core industry of Xi'an is agriculture.译文绿色贸易壁垒与农产品出口Martin Beck.摘要：作为一个农业大国,中国农业产品的出口往往受到绿色壁垒的限制。

AbstractIn today's international economic background, the trends of economicin tegratio n are beco ming more and more obvious. Intern atio nal trade has bee n regarded as one of the main driving forces of international economic, and it has been an unprecedented development. Economic and trade exchanges between the coun tries becomemore freque nt,and closely relati on ship in creas in gly. At the same time, Trade competiti on betwee n coun tries also reached the exte nt of white-hot.In order to protect their own industries and markets, somecountries takes a series of trade restrictions, such as Green trade barriers. Green trade barriers has been widely use since the 20th cen tury 90 years. it is one of the main barriers to international trade in the field of international trade today. In this paper, the gree n barrier is the most popular kind of intern ati onal non-tariff barriers. By analyzing the background of green barriers, and practical application of intern atio nal trade, and its in flue nee on gree n trade, study of the gree n barriers in systematic. and then accordding to domestic and foreign scholars on the theoretical study of the green barriers, on the basis of the shortcomings of foreign trade barriers, putt ing forward to some efficie nt policys solve the problem so that it can provide a theoretical referenee for international trade to across thetrade barriers.Keywords：Green Barriers ,lnternational Trade , Response引言国际贸易作为国际经济一体化的主要推动力之一，近年来得到了前所未有的发展，各国间的经济贸易往来愈加频繁、关系愈加密切，各国间的贸易竞争也达到了白热化的程度。