江西省第三届翻译大赛初赛试题及参考译文-推荐下载

2021年上半年英语三级笔译（CATTI 3) 实务考试真题及参考译文Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (50 points)Translate the following passage into Chinese.Are you having difficulty following diets? Our lives are way more complex than those which allow us to stick to a monotonous restrictive diet.Food psychologist Ridhi Golechha said, "If all of us could follow diets, we'd all have reached our goals. Real-life stresses such as lockdown anxiety, relationship conflicts,workload, financial stresses, exasperating parenting, and so much more directly impact how we feel and by virtue, what we eat. If, on paper, diets were so easy to follow, then we'd all be part of that tiny ten percent of people in the word (athletes, models, or actresses) - who are permanently fit.We all know of those rough days when all we want is to drown our faces in a tub of ice cream or reach out for that melting chocolate cake. "Emotional eating is nothing but eating our emotions. We're all human with emotions and hunger. By that definition, all of us are emotional eaters, we turn to food when we're overwhelmed with anger, sadness, frustration, or any other significant emotion!" explained Ridhi.There's a reason why the butterfly comes back to suck sweet nectar from the flowers, in turn pollinating the rest of the garden. Humans, much like animals, birds,and insects, are hardwired for pleasure. But here's the catch: we humans are afraid of receiving pleasure. Many fear that if they allow themselves to eat a slice of cheesy pizza, they'll be overwhelmed with pleasure, lose control, and end up finishing the whole pizza.We fear this would result in a failed diet, we light gain, and massive guilt, so we avoid it altogether. But it doesn't work."Biology suggests otherwise. Like every other species:homo sapiens were also built for survival. It is pleasure that drives humans to repeat the feel-good behaviour endlessly," explained Ridhi.When does emotional eating become worrisome? "Largely, there's nothing wrong with that. We do eat to manage and cope with our feelings, especially those that don't feel so good because eating itself is so biologically rewarding. It's completely okay ifwe're doing it once in a while, because as I said we're all evolutionary wired to emotional eating. However, if we're constantly depending on food to swallow our difficult emotions and discomforts, leaving us with a feeling of guilt constantly at the end of it, then definitely, we need to work on it," said Ridhi.What can we do to reduce emotional eating? According to Rldhi, the reason we fall diets is that we try to fight biology and suppress our emotions, which only works temporarily. To make long-lasting changes, we must address the root causes of emotional eating. Here are a few tips to get you started:First, don't skip meals. Starving often confuses your biological hunger drives and makes you more vulnerable to eating your emotions. Second, understand the difference between actual physical hunger versus emotional hunger. Third, make a list of the top three emotions you feel weekly and start finding different ways to cope with them. Fourth, talk to an expert. It's better not to ignore your emotional eating since it can later cause health issues like bloating, acid and constipation, etc. Fifth, go for a walk or do something completely different that will take away your urge by distracting you momentarily.Emotional eating is a message that reveals a deeper problem. Understanding yourself and the way you eat can address the root causes and enable you to live a life that is beyond food obsessions and the fear of failing your diets.【参考译文】：你是否很难坚持规律饮食?生活十分复杂，让我们很难坚持单一且有节制的饮食规律。

三级笔译综合课文--英汉翻译练习[5篇模版]第一篇：三级笔译综合课文--英汉翻译练习三级笔译综合-课文翻译练习7 班级：学号：姓名：电影导演虽然以虚荣自负、独断专行、唯我独尊而著称，但是，由于导演这项艺术工作的特殊性，使得他们隐身幕后。

大多数情况下，导演自身强烈的个性特征需要通过他人的面部表情和肢体语言才能表现出来。

比如，提起导演约翰·福特，在你脑海中出现的也许是演员约翰·韦恩的形象。

导演伊利亚·卡赞富有激情，不易相处，行事专断，其个性不亚于同辈中的任何人，他的形象将主要通过一批演员塑造的艺术形象而留在人们的记忆中。

卡赞先生星期天去世了，随后的电视讣告就像是一部精选的专辑，汇聚了众多体验派演艺明星。

在这里，有演过《欲望号街车》和《码头风云》马龙·白兰度，他高喊“斯特拉！”，他悄悄地对罗德·斯泰格尔说，他本来有可能是一个有力的竞争对手；有演过《伊甸园之东》的詹姆斯·狄恩，有演过《天涯何处无芳草》的华伦·比提。

英俊的年轻人，动人地演绎了一段痛苦的情感；有《娃娃新娘》里的埃里·瓦拉赫和卡尔·莫尔登，两人倾情演绎了密西西比蛇舞，其妖艳性感以及票房收入方面均难以与之抗衡。

作为一个“演员工作室”的建立者，卡赞先生在20世纪40年代后期经常穿梭于百老汇和好莱坞之间。

他把美国戏剧写实主义所表现的细腻情感及其演艺风格带到了美国电影里，也许这方面卡赞先生居功至伟。

早期电影里程式化的语言表达和优雅的动作被取代了，首创了一种吞吞吐吐、含含蓄蓄的情感演艺方式。

社会问题、委婉表达的性以及心理真实等问题成了舞台和荧屏上严肃剧的标志。

现实主义，任何艺术形式中的现实主义，都是一个带有明显欺骗性的术语。

尤其是在电影艺术中，幻想着透明地反映现实，这种幻想最为严重。

如今看来，卡赞先生的电影，反映的似乎不像生活片段，更像社会的寓言，心理的寓言，与其说质朴粗狂，还不如说夸张高调。

首届“优萌杯”翻译竞赛试题请将下面文章译成现代英语。

猫说余家苦鼠暴，乞诸人，得一猫，形魁然大，爪牙铦且利。

余私计，鼠暴当不复虑矣。

以其未驯也，絷维以伺，候其驯焉。

群鼠闻其声，相与窥其形，类有能者，恐其噬己也，屏不敢出穴者月余日。

既而以其驯也，遂解其维絷。

适睹出壳鸡雏，鸣啾啾焉，遽起而捕之。

比家人逐得，已下咽矣。

家人欲执而击之，余曰：“勿庸。

物之有能者必有病，噬鸡雏是其病也，独无捕鼠之能乎？”遂释之矣。

已则伈伈（小心恐惧）泯泯（茫茫无知），饥哺饱嬉，一无所为。

群鼠复潜视，以为彼将匿形致己也，犹屏伏不敢出。

既而鼠窥之益熟，觉其无他异，遂历穴相告曰：“彼无为也。

”遂偕其类复出，为暴如故。

余方怪甚，然复有鸡雏过堂下者，又亟往捕之而走，追则啮者过半矣。

余之家人执至前，数之曰：“天之生材不齐，有能者必有病，舍其病，犹可用其能也。

今汝无捕鼠之能，有噬鸡之病，真天下之弃材也哉！”遂笞而放之。

The story of a catMy house is suffering from rampaging rats.Therefore I entreated many people t o get a cat.The cat was in immense shape with sharp paws and teeth.So secretly refle cted I,that no more worriness would the rat rampage entail.Since the cat hath not been tamed,I tied it with a string,fed it,and waited until the day when it would become obedient.Having heard the noise,together the rats pee ped at the cat.Capable the cat seemed like,and on fearing to be swallowed,rats confi ned themselves in the cave for months.After the cat was tamed,I untied its string.The cat happened to see a chirping n ewborn chick all of a sudden,and preyed on it.Not until my servant caught up with th em,already had the cat gulped down the chick.My servant held the cat and was about to slap it.“Do it not,”but I said,“Things with certain talent must own some weak po ints.Hunting chicks is the cat’s weakness.It can’t be just lacking the skill to catch a ra t!”Hence,freed was the cat.Ever since then,cautiously,leisurely,the cat doth nothing but prey when starve d,play when satiated.This time,rats spied on the cat again,believing that it’s only a p retence the cat made to lure them out.So they dare not make a stir or a step out.Befor e long,as rats have got more familiar with the cat,they sensed nothing abnormal.So t hey ran about one cave after another,passing on the message:“The cat is good-for-nothing.”Thereupon,a comeback was summoned in accompany,outrageously like befor e.Just when I felt exceedingly surprised about,a chick passed through the main hall. The cat rapidly ran up to seize the chick and then just left.Only half the chick was re mained when my servant caught up with the cat.He brought the cat to me,resentfully scolding it:“Things are born to have imperfections.Capable beings must hold some d efects.Yet by discarding the weak points,we can still make use of the beneficial ones. Now,thou carry no skill in rat catching,but the proclivity of hunting chicks.Alas!In deed thou art doomed to be abandoned by the world!”The cat was at last whipped and let go.第二届“优萌杯”翻译竞赛将下面两篇短文译成现代英语。

江西省首届英语翻译大赛决赛试题(2009-9-26)一、将下列短文译成汉语（50分）:A udrey Hepburn, An Elegant SpiritAlthough she was never an ardent follower of any formal religion, my mother’s own faith endured throughout her life: her faith in love, her faith in the miracle of nature, and her faith in the goodness of life. She honored this second chance at life at every opportunity that presented itself and most of all at the end of her life, through her work for UNICEF.Sometimes a near-death experience can free us of the shackles that life slowly trains us to wear. We come to realize what’s worth the sweat and what isn’t. Although she had no memory of her childhood near-death experience, the knowledge of it, coupled with the fertile ground of an already self-effacing nature, were the roots of the humility that graced her entire life.I never heard her say, “I did this,” or “I’ve done that.” Toward the end of her life, throughout the UNICEF years, I would hear her say regularly, as the world listened to her, “I can do very little.” I never heard her say that she liked any of her performances. When people complimented her, she would always shy away and ultimately explain how those who surrounded her were the reason for her success.Bessie Anderson Stanley wrote, “To laugh often and mu ch, to win the respect of intelligent people and affection of children, to earn the appreciation of honest critics and endure the betrayal of false friends, to appreciate beauty, to find the best in others, to leave the world a bit better whether by a healthy child, a garden patch or a redeemed social condition, to know even one life has breathed easier because you have lived, this is to have succeeded.”By Ms. Stanley’s standards, my mother’s life was a success: She was graced with good choices. The first choice she made was her career. Then she chose her family. And when we, her children, were grown and had started our lives, she chose the less fortunate children of the world. She chose to give back. In that important choice lay the key to healing and understanding something that had affected her throughout her entire life: the sadness that had always been there.Her choices healed the sadness of a little girl who didn’t know her father for most of her life and yet who yearned and longed for that warm embrace, that reassurance that you are loved and that you matter. When I look back, that is just what she gave to Luca and me: the reassurance that we were loved and that we mattered. This was the most valuable essence, the roots that live and grow forever inside you. She truly was a wonderful mother and friend.二、将下列短文译成英语（50分）:2008年5月12日14时28分，我国发生了震惊世界的四川汶川特大地震，受灾地区人民生命财产和经济社会发展蒙受巨大损失。

第三届“创新杯”大学英语翻译比赛初赛一、选择题1.丝绸之路经济带（）[单选题] *A. the Silk and Economic Road and BeltB. the Silk Road Economic Belt√C. the Road of Silk and Economic2. 信息革命（）[单选题] *A. news revolutionB. information revolution√C. information reform3. 民生（）[单选题] *A. people's livelihood√B. peoples’ livingC. people’s life4. 利益共同体（）[单选题] *A. the world of common interestsB. the society of shared benefitsC. the community of shared interests√5. 中国式现代化（）[单选题] *A. Chinese modernization√B. China’s modernizationC. Chinese modern times6. 班车（）[单选题] *A. work busB. shuttle bus√C. shatter bus7. 党员（）[单选题] *A. membership of Communist Party of ChinaB. peoples of the Communist Party of ChinaC. members of the Communist Party of China√8. 全过程人民民主（）[单选题] *A .full time people's democracyB. whole-process people's democracy√C. people's democracy in all time9. 中欧班列（）[单选题] *A. China and Europe Freight TrainsB. China-Europe Freight Trains√C. China to Europe Freight Trains10. 乡村振兴（）[单选题] *A. countryside revitalizationB. rural developmentC. rural revitalization√11.非物质文化遗产（）[单选题] *A. intangible cultural heritage√B. non-material cultural inheritanceC. non-material cultural inherit12.中国航天精神（）[单选题] *A. the Spaceflight Essence of ChinaB. the Spirit of Chinese Spaceflight√C. the China’s Spirit of Spaceflight13.打造新亮点（）[单选题] *A. build new pointsB. develop new sitesC. foster new highlights√14. 人才强国战略（）[单选题] *A. strategy of talentsB. workforce development strategy√C. developing by talents15.生态保护区（）[单选题] *A. ecological placeB. ecological reserve√C. ecological protection16.农历（）[单选题] *A. Lunar Calendar√B. Nong LiC. Lunar Years17. 核电站（）[单选题] *A. nuclear stationB. nuclear factoryC. nuclear power plant√18. 庙会（）[单选题] *A. temple fair√B. temple meetingC. temple market19.校园招聘（）[单选题] *A. campus hiringB. campus recruitment√C. campus employment20.移动支付（）[单选题] *A. moving paymentB. mobile payment√C. floating payment21.景点（）[单选题] *A. tourist attraction√B. scenery spotC. viewing place22.实名注册（）[单选题] *A. real-name subscriptionB. real-name registration√C. true-name login23.中国结（）[单选题] *A. Chinese knot√B. Chinese bondC. Chinese tie24.逃课（）[单选题] *A. skip class√B. run away classC. escape class25.吟诗作画（）[单选题] *A. sing poems and draw picturesB. compose poems and paint pictures√C. speak poetry and paint pictures26.古代文明（）[单选题] *A. civilization of old timesB. old civilizationC. ancient civilization√27. 转基因食品（）[单选题] *A. genetically shifted foodB. genetically modified food√C. genetically converted food28. 中药（）[单选题] *A. Traditional Chinese Medicine√B. Chinese Traditional MedicineC. Medicine of Traditional Chinese29. 十二生肖（）[单选题] *A. twenty-four animalsB. twenty-four kinds of animalsC. Chinese Zodiac√30. 二十四节气（）[单选题] *A. twenty-four Chinese termsB. twenty-four solar terms√C. twenty-four lunar terms31. The Book of Songs（）[单选题] *A. 歌唱合集B. 音乐专辑C.《诗经》√32. soybean milk（）[单选题] *A. 豆类牛奶B. 黄豆味牛奶C. 豆浆√33. gourmet festival（）[单选题] *A. 时装秀B. 美食节√C. 小吃34. social security system（）[单选题] *A. 社会保障体系√B. 社会保护体系C. 社会保险体系35. the mountain and flowing water（）[单选题] *A. 山高水长B. 高山流水√C. 水绕山梁36. cheongsam（）[单选题] *A. 旗袍√B. 长衫C. 风衣37. information age（）[单选题] *A. 信息年龄B. 信息时代√C. 信息时刻38. cutting-edge technology（）[单选题] *A. 切断科技B. 尖端科技√C. 切角科技39. hot spring（）[单选题] *A. 炎夏B. 温泉√C. 酷暑40. high-speed rail（）[单选题] *A. 高速轨道B. 高速公路C. 高速铁路√41. migrant laborers（）[单选题] *A. 民工√B. 移动人民C. 移动工人42. production capacity（）[单选题] *A. 产品能力B. 产能√C. 生产空间43. summer resort（）[单选题] *A. 夏天美景B. 夏季热点C. 避暑胜地√44. Chinese working class（）[单选题] *A. 中国工人阶级√B. 中国劳动者C. 中国上班族45. snack bar（）[单选题] *A. 小吃酒吧B. 小吃摊√C. 零食酒吧46. institution of higher education（）[单选题] *A. 高等学府√B. 高级教育机构C. 高等教育组织47. exam-oriented education（）[单选题] *A. 素质教育B. 应试教育√C. 导向教育48. martial arts（）[单选题] *A.太极剑B.武林秘笈C.武术√49. new development philosophy（）[单选题] *A. 新发展理念√B. 新发展哲学C. 发展新理念50. promote high moral standards（）[单选题] *A. 弘扬真善美√B. 提高高度道德标准C. 提升高标准51. Peaceful China Initiative（）[单选题] *A. 和平的中国提议B. 中国的和平倡议C. 平安中国倡议√52. keep pace with the times（）[单选题] *A. 与时间同步B. 与时俱进√C. 齐头并进53. common prosperity for all（）[单选题] *A. 共同富裕√B. 全体繁荣C. 一荣俱荣54. bid farewell to the old and usher in the new（）[单选题] *A. 扶老携幼B. 辞旧迎新√C. 万象更新55. multi-polar world（）[单选题] *A. 多点世界B. 多重世界C. 多极世界√56. social security（）[单选题] *A. 社会安全B. 社会保障√C. 社会稳定57. winding road（）[单选题] *A. 有风的道路B. 蜿蜒小路√C. 绕开的道路58. environmental degradation（）[单选题] *A. 环境转变B. 环境恶化√C. 环境污染59. historical cycle（）[单选题] *A. 历史的循环B. 过往的周期C. 历史周期率√60. overall agricultural production capacity（）[单选题] *A. 全面的农业生产能力B. 农业综合生产空间C. 农业综合生产能力√61. 民以食为天。

首届北京交通大学语言与传播学院翻译竞赛说明：本次翻译竞赛分初赛和决赛两个阶段进行。

初赛：参与者在2010年11月1日至11月15日期间自主完成初赛翻译任务，并于11月15日24时前将全部译文（电子Word版）提交到fanyi_062008@邮箱（文件名为“学号_参赛者姓名”；并要求在文稿上端书写自己的学号和姓名；字体为“宋体”和“Times New Roman”，字号为“五号”）。

评审组将从中择优选出20—30名参赛者进入决赛。

决赛：在指定教室两小时内自主完成所规定的翻译内容，允许查阅纸质词典，禁止使用任何电子工具。

决赛地点和时间另行通知。

初赛内容：英译汉Task 1Why Americans Feel Betrayed By CongressThere's a widening disconnect between the polarized political system and theless-polarized public.To its practitioners, politics is about power: getting it, keeping it and using it. But for the nation, the basic purpose of politics is to conciliate. If everyone agreed on everything, politics would be unnecessary. So would democracy and elections. A dictator could govern by universally accepted preferences and policies. Without consensus, politics is how we resolve our differences short of resorting to violence. One reason so many Americans are unhappy with politics today is that it has abdicated its central role. It doesn't narrow our differences; it exaggerates them.There never has been -- as commentator Michael Barone warns -- a golden age when Americans basked in bipartisan harmony. Still, the present popular revulsion with politics seems particularly powerful. Consider some recent poll results: If given the chance, 48 percent of Americans would replace every member of Congress, including their own; only 11 percent have a "very positive" view of the Democratic Party, slightly better than the Republican Party (7 percent) and slightly worse than the Tea Party (12 percent); 77 percent of the public sees the parties "bickering more," a huge increase from 2009 (53 percent).Some anger clearly reflects the depressed economy. The effects of the slump have been exceptionally widespread and personal. More than two-thirds of Americans report knowing someone who has lost a job. The impending election may relieve some disappointment. This is what elections are for -- to release discontent and permit change. Perhaps.为什么美国人感到被国会背叛两极分化的政治体系和少极化的人民间与日俱增的脱节对国会议员来说，政治就是权力：获之，持之，并用之。

江西省首届英语翻译大赛决赛试题(2009-9-26)一、将下列短文译成汉语（50分）:A udrey Hepburn, An Elegant SpiritAlthough she was never an ardent follower of any formal religion, my mother’s own faith endured throughout her life: her faith in love, her faith in the miracle of nature, and her faith in the goodness of life. She honored this second chance at life at every opportunity that presented itself and most of all at the end of her life, through her work for UNICEF.Sometimes a near-death experience can free us of the shackles that life slowly trains us to wear. We come to realize what’s worth the sweat and what isn’t. Although she had no memory of her childhood near-death experience, the knowledge of it, coupled with the fertile ground of an already self-effacing nature, were the roots of the humility that graced her entire life.I never heard her say, “I did this,” or “I’ve done that.” Toward the end of her life, throughout the UNICEF years, I would hear her say regularly, as the world listened to her, “I can do very little.” I never heard her say that she liked any of her performances. When people complimented her, she would always shy away and ultimately explain how those who surrounded her were the reason for her success.Bessie Anderson Stanley wrote, “To laugh often and mu ch, to win the respect of intelligent people and affection of children, to earn the appreciation of honest critics and endure the betrayal of false friends, to appreciate beauty, to find the best in others, to leave the world a bit better whether by a healthy child, a garden patch or a redeemed social condition, to know even one life has breathed easier because you have lived, this is to have succeeded.”By Ms. Stanley’s standards, my mother’s life was a success: She was graced with good choices. The first choice she made was her career. Then she chose her family. And when we, her children, were grown and had started our lives, she chose the less fortunate children of the world. She chose to give back. In that important choice lay the key to healing and understanding something that had affected her throughout her entire life: the sadness that had always been there.Her choices healed the sadness of a little girl who didn’t know her father for most of her life and yet who yearned and longed for that warm embrace, that reassurance that you are loved and that you matter. When I look back, that is just what she gave to Luca and me: the reassurance that we were loved and that we mattered. This was the most valuable essence, the roots that live and grow forever inside you. She truly was a wonderful mother and friend.二、将下列短文译成英语（50分）:2008年5月12日14时28分，我国发生了震惊世界的四川汶川特大地震，受灾地区人民生命财产和经济社会发展蒙受巨大损失。

第三届“华政杯”全国法律翻译大赛初赛试题试题一（关于宪法中的隐私权与表达自由）Following the limited success of his action in domestic law, Mosley petitioned the European Court of Human Rights, claiming a violation of articles 8 (the right to private life) and 13 (the right to an effective remedy), and seeking to establish whether the United Kingdom had a positive obligation under article 8 to protect Mosley by providing a legal duty on the News of the World to warn him in advance to allow him to seek an injunction.The court dealt firstly with the questions whether the applicant was still a victim of any breach of article 8 and whether he had exhausted all effective domestic remedies before petitioning the Court. On the issue of whether he was a victim, despite receiving compensation in the High Court, the European Court held that no sum of money awarded after publication of information causing the applicant humiliation could provide a remedy for his specific complaint - that no legal requirement existed which obliged the media to give advance warning to an individual of a publication which related to their private life. Hence, the applicant was a victim under the Convention. For similar reasons the court held that the applicant had not failed to exhaust effective domestic remedies (under art 34 of the Convention) by failing to appeal on the issue of exemplary damages, or by pursuing a claim for an account of profits or under the Data Protection Act 1998 for destruction of the relevant data. In the court's view, none of those remedies could have addressed the applicant's specific complaint about the absence of a legal requirement of prior notification of the publication of the article which had interfered with his right to respect for his private life.试题二（法学理论）In the Middle Ages there was a twofold organization of paramount or legal social control, namely, state control and church control. The writers ofthe church took their ideas of law largely from the Greek philosophers and the Roman law books. They conceived that the state existed in order to maintain justice and so to maintain the law of God. The teachers of law in the medieval universities postulated an emperor over all Christendom in its temporal aspects as the pope was over its spiritual aspects. State and church were held co-workers in maintaining justice and realizing the law of God. In time, they became rivals for the paramountcy. But typically in the Middle Ages they were expected to work together as concurrent agencies of upholding the social and moral order. The so-called restoration of the empire under Charlemagne gave an ideal towhich men of the time recurred constantly in the quest of order and legal unity.But the ideas derived from the Roman law books were not only in contact with ideas of fathers of the church, they came also in contact with ideas of the Germanic law. Thus the juristic thought of the time was a resultant. There were two ideas of law: (1) The Roman-Byzantine, academic idea of enacted law— the civil law as enactments of the emperor Justinian, and the canon law as enactments of the popes — and (2) the idea of law as authoritatively declared custom, the idea of the customs of the Germanic peoples, authoritatively ascertained and declared by reduction to writing iuxta ex-emplum Romanorum.试题三（法律史）Historically, Chinese society preferred rule by moral suasion, rather than relying on codified law enforced by the courts. The teachings of Confucius1 have had an enduring effect on Chinese life and have provided the basis for the social order through much of the country's history. Confucians believed in the fundamental goodness of man and advocated adherence to li (propriety), a set of generally accepted social values or norms of behaviour. Education was considered the most important means for maintaining order, and codes of law were intended only to supplement li, not to replace it.Confucians held that codified law was inadequate to provide meaningful guidance for the entire panorama of human activity, but they were not against using laws to control the most unruly elements in the society. The first criminal code was promulgated sometime between 455 and 395 BC. There were also civil statutes, mostly concerned with land transactions.Most legal professionals were not lawyers but generalists trained in philosophy and literature. The local, classically trained, Confucian gentry played a crucial role as arbiters and handled all but the most serious local disputes. This basic legal philosophy remained in effect for most of the imperial era. The criminal code was not comprehensive and often not written down, which left magistrates great flexibility during trials. The accused had no rights and relied on the mercy of the court; defendants were tortured to obtain confessions and often served long jail terms while awaiting trial. A court appearance, at minimum, resulted in loss of face, and the people were reluctant and afraid to use the courts. Rulers did little to make the courts more appealing, for if they stressed rule by law, they weakened their own moral influence.试题四（民商法）Article 5.2 of the Commercial Law allows the parties to choose foreign law in case one party is a foreign element. The language which allows the parties to choose foreign law is slightly different and clearer than art.759 of the Civil Code:“Parties to a commercial transaction with a foreign element may agree to apply a foreign law or international practice, provided that such foreign law or international practice is not contrary to the basic principles of Vietnamese law.”Although the language of the Commercial Law is much clearer, it is not perfect. What constitutes “the basic principles of Vietnamese law”? A commercial contract is subject to both the general “basic principles”as set out in Ch. II Pt One of the Civil Code, and the “basic principles”as they specifically apply to a commercial transaction as set out in the Commercial Law. Both Codes contemplate that the parties are equal in the transaction and have freedom to negotiate and agree to terms. In addition, the Civil Code refers to the principle of legal compliance in “establishment and execution of civil rights and performance of civil obligations”, while the Commercial Code refers to the principle of application of common commercial practices. However, the grounds to challenge application of foreign law as incompatible with the “basic principles” of Vietnamese law would likely be narrow.初赛选手基本信息表。

2020年下半年英语三级笔译（CATTI 3) 实务考试真题及参考译文Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (50 points)Translate the following passage into Chinese.At 51, Cathy wanted to put her Oxford physics degree and former experience to better use. she had worked part-time in a school for several years while her three children were young, but she wanted to get back into the corporate world. Several applications later, she was getting nowhere. Then a friend told her about “returnships”, a form of work experience that some companies are experimenting with to help middle-aged people--mainly women--return to work, often after breaks to care for families.Cathy eventually secured a place on an 11-week“Career returners”program with a company, open to men and women, which included being paired with a 20-year-old male student. He helped to acquaint her with new technology, such as using an iPhone and accessing the company’s virtual network from her laptop so she could work from home but still access internal files.“On the assessment day, I thought they must have been looking at my project management skills. But they weren’t looking at us for specific roles. They were just thinking, ‘these women have a lot to offer, let’s see what they can do.’That was refreshing.” A clutch of companies in the UK and the U.S. have spotted an opportunity in hiring female returnees, who can put to use again technical skills learned earlier in their careers.They believe middle-aged women returning after a break make particularly good employees, because they bring a fresh perspective. Women tend to combine high emotional intelligence with strong leadership and organizational skills. “There is a massive pool of highly skilled people who want to return to work”, says the head of human resources of an engineering company.“Recruitment agencies typically view people who have had two years out as a risk, but we see them as a great opportunity.”In fact, by hiring female returnees,companies can access good skills these women developed in their former high-level jobs--and for a discount. In return,employers coach these middle-aged females back into working life. Through her returnship, Cathy gained a full-time role as an operations data consultant. She still is earning less than she would like to, “but it’s a foot in the door and the salary is up for review in six months,”she says. It is still overwhelmingly women who stay home to care for young children. UK government figures show that women account for around 90 percent of people on career breaks for caring reasons. A lack of middle-aged women working, particularly in high skilled roles, is costing the UK economy £50 billion a year, according to a report. The report found that men over 50 took home nearly two-thirds of the total wages paid out to everyone in that age range in 2015. It blamed the pay gap on the low-skilled, part-time roles middle-aged women often accept. Some 40 percent of women in work in the UK do so part-time, as opposed to only 11 percent of men. This issue is not restricted to the UK. A study last year by economists found “strong evidence of age discrimination in hiring against older women”in a range of white- and blue-collar jobs. The data show that it is harder for middle-aged women to find jobs than it is for middle-aged men, regardless of whether they have taken a break from working.【参考译文】：51岁的凯茜希望更好地利用她的牛津大学物理学学位以及先前的工作经验。