全国用2020年高考英语总复习微专题训练第11练人物传记类二

2020高考英语赢在篇章之人物传记生活与学习导学一人物传记类记叙文概述1：文体的特征和框架结构高考英语阅读理解人物传记类文章的命题以细节理解题居多，其次是推理判断题，然后是主旨大意题、作者意图题、猜词题等。

这类文章一般难度不大，应该是阅读理解的得分点。

但是由于缺乏恰当的阅读策略和解题技巧，很多考生在做此类阅读理解题时往往有材料看得懂，题目不好做的感觉。

要想掌握人物传记类文章的阅读策略和解题技巧，提高阅读速度，在高考中得到高分，就要了解人物传记类阅读理解的一般特征。

景、个性特征、成长奋斗历程等，包含记叙文的时间、地点、人物、事件等要素。

其特点是以时间的先后或事件的发展为主线，空间或逻辑线索贯穿文章始终，脉络清楚，可读性较强。

这类文章常采用倒叙的写作方法，即首先用几句话来简单介绍这个人，接着介绍这个人的出生、成长过程，然后再记述他(她)一两件主要的事情或业绩，来反映他(她)的思想、品德和情操，最后作者会对他(她)进行评论，从而表达作者对他(她)的情感。

这类文章，从词汇方面看，考纲外词汇不多，甚至没有。

从文章内容方面看，内容简单，好理解。

从命题角度看，通常会考察关于该人物的大量细节题，有些细节考察的很直接，只需理解字面意思即可；有些则很间接，需要综合、归纳、推理才能得出。

2：解题方法1.寻读细找法寻读细找法一般适用于细节理解题型。

先看题目要求我们理解什么细节，找出关键词→以此为线索，运用寻读的技巧迅速在文章里找出相应的段落、句子或短语→认真比较选项和文中细节的区别→在正确理解细节的前提下，确定最佳答案。

2.引申推理法引申推理法往往应用于推理判断题型。

推理判断题的正确选项是从文章当中某句话或某些段落当中引申、推理出来的，即“来自原文，高于原文”。

解答这种类型的题目时，要注意：(1)吃透文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，这是推理的前提和基础。

(2)对文字的表面信息进行加工，由表及里，由浅入深。

2020年全国高考英语试题阅读理解分类汇编之人物传记类（精校word版有答案解析）But he was also a mystery. In spite of many invitations, he would always decline to visit Oxford. So in 1897，Murray finally decided to travel to Crowthorne himself. When he arrived, he found Minor locked in a book-lined cell at the Broadmoor Asylum for the Criminally insane.Murray and Minor became friends, sharing their love of words. Minor continued contributing to the dictionary, sending in more than 10,000 submissions in 20 years. Murray continued to visit Minor regularly, sometimes taking walks with him around the asylum grounds.In 1910, Minor left Broadmoor for an asylum in his native America. Murray was at the port to wave goodbye to his remarkable friend.Minor died in 1920, seven years before the first edition of the Oxford English Dictionary was completed. The 12 volumes defined 414,825 words, and thousands of them were contributions from a very scholarly and devoted asylum patient.61. According to the text, the first Oxford English Dictionary _________.A. came out before minor diedB. was edited by an American volunteerC. included the English words invented by MurrayD. was intended to be the most ambitious English dictionary62. How did Dr. Minor contributed to the dictionary?A. He helped Murray to find hundreds of volunteers.B. He sent newspapers, magazines and books to Murray.C. He provided a great number of words and quotationsD. he went to England to work with Murray.63. Why did Dr. Minor refuse to visit Oxford?A. He was shut in an asylumB. He lived far from OxfordC. He was busy writing a bookD. He disliked traveling64. Prof. Murray and Dr. Minor became friends mainly because __________.A. they both served in the Civil War.B. They had a common interest in wordsC. Minor recovered with the help of MurrayD. Murray went to America regularly to visit Minor65. Which of the following best describe Dr. Minor?A. Brave and determinedB. Cautious and friendlyC. Considerate and optimisticD. Unusual and scholarly66. What does the text mainly talk about?A. The history of the English language.B. The friendship between Murray and MinorC. Minor and the first Oxford English DictionaryD. Broadmoor Asylum and is patients【文章大意】本文是一篇人物传记，讲述了牛津英语词典的编撰者之一的Dr. Minor的不一般的人生，他博学，但被关在精神病院。

专题11 阅读理解——人物传记类（原卷版）【新课标要求与考纲的关系】普通高中英语课程强调对学生语言能力、文化意识、思维品质和学习能力的综合培养,具有工具性和人文性融合统一的特点。

普通高中英语课程应在义务教育的基础上,帮助学生进一步学习和运用英语基础知识和基本技能,发展跨文化交流能力,为他们学习其他学科知识、汲取世界文化精华、传播中华文化创造良好的条件,也为他们未来继续学习英语或选择就业提供更多机会；普通高中英语课程同时还应帮助学生树立人类命运共同体意识和多元文化意识,形成开放包容的态度,发展健康的审美情趣和良好的鉴赏能力,加深对祖国文化的理解,增强爱国情怀,坚定文化自信,树立正确的世界观、人生观和价值观,为学生未来参与知识创新和科技创新,更好的适应世界多极化、经济全球化和社会信息化奠定基础。

学科核心素养学科核心素养是学科育人价值的集中体现,是学生通过学科学习而逐步形成的正确价值观念、必备品格和关键能力。

英语学科核心素养主要包括语言能力、文化意识、思维品质和学习能力。

1.语言能力语言能力指在社会情境中,以听、说、读、看、写等方式理解和表达意义的能力,以及在学习和使用语言的过程中形成的语言意识和语感。

英语语言能力构成英语学科核心素养的基础要素。

英语语言能力的提高蕴含文化意识、思维品质和学习能力的提升,有助于学生拓展国际视野和思维方式,开展跨文化交流。

2.文化意识文化意识指对中外文化的理解和对优秀文化的认同,是学生在全球化背景下表现出的跨文化认知、态度和行为取向。

文化意识体现英语学科核心素养的价值取向。

文化意识的培育有助于学生增强国家认同和家国情怀,坚定文化自信,树立人类命运共同体意识,学会做人做事,成长为有文明素养和社会责任感的人。

3. 思维品质思维品质指思维在逻辑性、批判性、创新性等方面所表现的能力和水平。

思维品质体现英语学科核心素养的心智特征。

思维品质的发展有助于提升学生分析和解决问题的能力,使他们能够从跨文化视角观察和认识世界,对事物作出正确的价值判断。

第10练人物传记类（一）单词识记：honor humorous inspire intelligenceoutstanding personality ambitious backgroundpossess retire sacrifice volunteerwarm­hearted prove qualification independenthonest contemporary educated coincidence短语扫描：be honored as 被誉为……be active in 积极从事于be skilled in在……方面熟练be admitted into...考上……do well in 在……方面做得好dream of梦想admire sb./sth.for sth.因某事而羡慕某人/物learn from 向……学习make great contributions to 对……做出巨大贡献think highly/well of 对……高度评价[跟踪训练]Ⅰ.语境填词1．I feel deeply ________(honor) to have the opportunity to meet with you. 2．She was one of the most ________(inspire) people I’ve ever met.3．________(person) arises from within and makes us who we are.4．It’s important to answer her questions as ________(honest) as you can. 5．The ________(educate) middle class led the move towards independence. Ⅱ.单项填空6．They gave money to the old people’s home either________or through theircompanies.(2015·安徽，31)A．legally B．sincerelyC．personally D．deliberately7．Leaving a promising career is just one of the ________ which my mother made for my family as we moved around the worldA．programs B．sacrificesC．contributions D．cooperation8．It is pure ________ that Richard and Julia have come up with the same approaches to the problem.A．coincidence B．incidentC．dilemma D．occasion9．I think whoever makes________contributions to the company than the others should get________income.A．greater；a highest B．more greater；a higherC．greater；the highest D．more greater；the higher10．—Jenny was ________ to hospital with a soaring temperature this morning.—Really？I’ll go to see her this evening.A．admitted B．submittedC．distributed D．sentencedⅠ.完形填空(2016·泰州一模)Kobe Bryant，a super basketball star，announced that he would retire at the end of the 2015—2016 season via a letter poem.In the letter，he __1__ the moment he started rolling his dad’s tube socks and shooting __2__ game­winning shots，indicating his deep love for basketball.“This season is all I have left to give，” the 37­year­old wrote.“My heart can take the pounding.My mind can __3__ the grind(苦差) but my __4__ knows it’s timeto say goodbye.”As the only son of Joe Bryant，a former NBA player，Bryant was crazy about basketball and started __5__ in at 6，and his favorite team growing up was the Lakers.Bryant earned national __6__ during an amazing high school career and his basketball skills would have ensured __7__ to any college he chose，but he decided to go directly into the NBA.He finally made it and was __8__ out of high school in 1996 and was then traded to the Lakers，for which he has played his entire career.__9__，Bryant played limited minutes，but as the season continued，he began to see some more playing time and in his second season，he began to show more of his abilities as a talented young guard.The 1998—1999 season __10__ Bryant’s appearance as a premier guard in the league.__11__，even at an early stage of his career，sports writers were comparing his skills to those of Michael Jordan and Magic Johnson.There are always different interpretations of Bryant，making him the most __12__ figure in modern sports，a combination of hero and villain(反面人物)．He received criticism for getting his __13__ in the games，completely neglecting his teammates；he was suspended __14__ deliberately breaking rules；he was even charged by the court with sex assault.__15__，with 17 NBA All­Star selections，five NBA championships with the Lakers，two Olympic gold medals，Kobe has brought his fans __16__ memories.His best days are long __17__ him indeed，but the way he approaches the game as well as life is always glamorous.We’ve always known，and __18__ are mentally prepared，that one day Kobe Bryant will not be __19__.Yet his retirement note still caught us off guard.It simply __20__ when farewell words are uttered(说出) from one of the all­time greats in basketball.1．A.remembered B．recalledC．recorded D．retold2．A.imaginary B．successfulC．practical D．critical3．A.treat B．operateC．assess D．handle4．A.coach B．soulC．body D．teammates 5．A.involving B．diving C．participating D．throwing6．A.confirmation B．recognition C．realization D．recommendation 7．A.permission B．occupation C．admission D．submission 8．A.drafted B．registered C．substituted D．employed9．A.Previously B．Firstly C．Basically D．Initially 10．A.represented B．symbolized C．marked D．reflected 11．A.In addition B．In fact C．Therefore D．Then12．A.outstanding B．ridiculous C．controversial D．authentic 13．A.way B．scores C．manner D．benefit 14．A.in response to B．in terms of C．on account of D．in case of 15．A.Instead B．Besides C．Otherwise D．However 16．A.boring B．disappointing C．shocking D．thrilling 17．A.above B．before C．behind D．beyond18．A.more or less B．sooner or later C．now and then D．by and by 19．A.around B．hereC．there D．about20．A.works B．hurtsC．suffers D．countsⅡ.阅读理解(2016·盐城三模)In 1946，Will Thomas decided he did not wish to live in his native land any longer and that he would take his wife and children to Haiti，where as Negroes in a Negro republic，they would be free of racial prejudice and their opportunities would be limited only by their ability to use them.He does not believe he need detail the reasons behind this unhappy decision，except to say that being considered and treated as an inferior on every level of life can become intolerable，especially when it is by one’s race rather than his individual worth that he is prejudged and condemned.When he reached this point，he had become an unbeliever in both God and country，for it seemed to him that racial segregation and all that it implied was as rigid on the spiritual as on the ordinary practical life.And so finally he made the decision to leave his native land permanently.Love of country，Thomas found，can be very deep，very strong.So he thought to make one final try in his motherland for the equality of status which he considered he had been denied；and he chose Vermont for the experiment.Thomas reasoned that because of its great traditions of personal freedom there was at least a chance that he and his family might find there what they so yearned for，and they did.In the small farming community where they settled，they were accepted on a basis of individuality unqualified by race.However，it is not that which now seems most important to him.It is，rather，that in such a friendly atmosphere，and amid the quiet of a beautiful countryside，it was possible to think calmly，and gradually to gain understandings by which Thomas believes he can live in peace with other men，and with himself，for the rest of his life.One of these understandings is that unless one seeks sincerely for whatever itis he most wants，he surely will not find it，and that what he really had been seeking most of his life was not what he wanted but instead was justification for the resentments he felt.This is not to say there was not cause for those resentments，but rather that he had so concentrated upon them he could not see that the picture was not all bad—that in fact，there was considerable good in it.Thomas had condemned his country and his religion because he viewed only what seemed wrong in both.But when he was able to remove the blinds of his own prejudice，it became clear that these failures，these flaws in church and state，were human failures，human flaws，and not mere self­willed bigotry；and that within each there were，and there always had been，many who had worked and fought for what was right.Thomas thinks the core of his earlier bitterness had been the conviction that he had been denied his birthright of human dignity.But he knows now that is something which cannot be given or taken away by man.It has been written that he who seeks shall find，and that to him who asks，it shall be given.And he can only testify that when he did seek，he did find；and that when he asked，it was given to him.And he knows that only the God he once denied could bestow such precious gifts.21．What made Will Thomas decide to escape his native land in 1946?A．Disappointment with God.B．Equality in a Negro republic.C．Racial discrimination.D．Lack of individual worth.22．Where should the sentence “However，he did not do it.” be placed?A．Between Paragraphs 1 and 2.B．Between Paragraphs 2 and 3.C．Between Paragraphs 3 and 4.D．Between Paragraphs 4 and 5.23．By writing the passage，the author intended to ________.A．question human failures and flawsB．suggest how to fight for human dignityC．call on more people to condemn racismD．show transformation in thinking Thomas underwent答案精析第10练人物传记类(一)高考高频单词与短语识记排查跟踪训练Ⅰ.1.honored 2.inspiring 3.Personality 4.honestly catedⅡ.6.C [考查副词辨析。