新世纪综合单元测试——book1unit8答案

新世纪综合单元测试——Unit 1 Book 1Listening ComprehensionTrue Or FalseDirections: In this section, you will hear ten statements. Numbers 1 to 4 are based on Text A while the rest are based on Text B. Each statement will be read ONLY ONCE. Listen carefully and decide whether each statement is true or false. (10 points)1.True False2.True False3.True False4.True False5.True False6.True False7.True False8.True False9.True False10.True FalseSpot DictationDirections:You will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 11-20 with the exact words you have just heard. When the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. (10 points)Studies have shown that American children who learn to read by the 11 are less likely to end up in prison, 12 school, or take drugs. Adults who read literature on a 13 basis are more likely to attend a 14 arts event, visit an art museum, do 15 or charity work, and participate in 16 activities. Literacy rates in the United States are also more highly correlated to 17 than IQ. Reading books is generally regarded as being a 18 pastime, while at the same time requiring the brain to 19 text so it can be stimulated. Because of this it is sometimes considered to cause at least a 20 increase in one's mental faculties.11.12.13.14.15.16.17.18.19.20.Reading ComprehensionDirections: There are two passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices. Click on the best choice. (20 points)Passage OneSign has become a scientific hot button. Only in the past 20 years have specialists in language study realized that sign languages are unique — a speech of the hand. They offer a new way to probe how the brain generates and understands language, and throw new light onan old scientific controversy: whether language, complete with grammar, is something that we are born with, or whether it is a learned behavior. The current interest in sign language has roots in the pioneering work of one rebel teacher at Gallaudet University in Washington, D. C., the world's only liberal arts university for deaf people.When Bill Stokoe went to Gallaudet to teach English, the school enrolled him in a course in signing. But Stokoe noticed something odd: among themselves, students signed differently from his classroom teacher.Stokoe had been taught a sort of gestural code, each movement of the hands representing a word in English. At the time, American Sign Language (ASL) was thought to be no more than a form of pidgin English (混杂英语). But Stokoe believed the "hand talk" his students used looked richer. He wondered: Might deaf people actually have a genuine language? And could that language be unlike any other on Earth? It was 1955, when even deaf people dismissed their signing as "substandard". Stokoe's idea was academic heresy (异端邪说).It is 37 years later. Stokoe — now devoting his time to writing and editing books and journals and to producing video materials on ASL and the deaf culture — is having lunch at a café near the Gallaudet campus and explaining how he started a revolution. For decades educators fought his idea that sign languages are natural languages like English, French and Japanese. They assumed language must be based on speech, the modulation (调节) of sound. But sign language is based on the movement of hands, the modulation of space. "What I said," Stokoe explains, "is that language is not mouth stuff — it's brain stuff."21. The study of sign language is thought to be _______.A. a new way to look at the learning of languageB. a challenge to traditional views on the nature of languageC. an approach to simplifying the grammatical structure of a languageD. an attempt to clarify misunderstanding about the origin of language22. The present growing interest in sign language was stimulated by _______.A. a famous scholar in the study of the human brainB. a leading specialist in the study of liberal artsC. an English teacher in a university for the deafD. some senior experts in American Sign Language23. According to Stokoe, sign language is _____.A. a substandard languageB. a genuine languageC. an artificial languageD. an international language24. Most educators objected to Stokoe's idea because they thought _____.A. sign language was not extensively used even by deaf peopleB. sign language was too artificial to be widely acceptedC. a language should be easy to use and understandD. a language could only exist in the form of speech sounds25. Stokoe's argument is based on his belief that _____.A. sign language is as efficient as any other languageB. sign language is derived from natural languageC. language is a system of meaningful codesD. language is a product of the brainPassage TwoA great majority of our nine million college students are in school not because they want to be or because they want to learn. They are there because it has become the thing to do or because college is a pleasant place to be in; because it's the only way they can get parents or tax-payers to support them without working at a job they don't like; because mothers want them to do so, or for some other reason entirely not related to the course of studies for which college is supposedly organized. Some of the professors and administrators estimate that no more than 25 per cent of their students are interested in class work. For the rest, college is at best a social center or a place where time can be killed, and at worst a young people's home or even a prison that keeps them out of the way of economic life for a few more years.I no longer accept the idea that college is the best place for all high-school graduates. Just as the United States was the first nation to make great efforts to teach every small child to read and write, so during the 1950s, we became the first and the only great nation to offer higher education to all. During the 60's we built great state university systems as fast as we could. And adults — parents, employers, high school teachers began to push the youth to get an education. By 1970, colleges and universities were spending more than 30 billion dollars yearly. But still only half our high-school graduates were going on.Now the babies have graduated from college, the rate of growth of the student population has begun to increase. To keep their universities financially supported many institutions have begun to attract students by using whatever means they can. They sell college like soap, promoting features they think students want: creative programs, an environment helpful to meaningful personal relationships, and an education so free that it doesn't sound like college at all.26. The reason for most U. S. college students to go to school is NOT that ____.A. mothers want them to goB. college is a pleasant placeC. they want to continue their educationD. it's the only way to get financial support27. According to this passage, most of the college students _____.A. do not like to studyB. like to make friends at collegeC. find their universities as comfortable as their homesD. complain that a college is like a prison28. The U.S. became the first and the only nation to make efforts to offer higher education to all during the _____.A. 1960sB. 1950sC. 1970sD. none of these29. In order to get financial support, many institutions have begun to ______.A. sell soap to high-school graduatesB. spend more than 30 billion dollars yearlyC. make every effort to increase the student populationD. offer their students a large number of practical courses30. The best title for this passage might be _____.A. Crisis of U.S. UniversitiesB. U.S. Students TodayC. Why Do They Go to College?D. Higher Education in the United StatesVocabulary and StructureDirections: Each of the following sentences is provided with four choices. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.(60 points)31. So I'm sure to get opportunities to display my talent in ____.A. additionB. bulletinC. advertisementD. message32. That fat woman looked ____ in her tight golden dress.A. naturalB. ridiculousC. normalD. reputable33. He knew it was useless to ____ with his father.A. provideB. resentC. upsetD. argue34. After the class, the coach gave ____ instruction to the newcomer.A. individualB. singleC. aloneD. one35. The explorers set up a ____ at the foot of the mountain.A. basisB. basicC. baseD. foundation36. He still smokes despite the ____ warnings of his doctor.A. continuousB. continualC. constantD. perpetual37. Too many people fail to realize that real ____ goes in both directions.A. associationB. commuterC. communityD. communication38. You must go there quickly ____ you will not be back in time.A. or soB. or elseC. as wellD. nor39. It's ____ learning the text by heart without understanding it.A. no useB. no doubtC. difficultyD. trouble40. This suggested that matter can be converted into energy, and ____.A. on the contraryB. vice versaC. in the oppositeD. each other41. The United Nations ____ formed in San Francisco in 1945.A. wereB. areC. wasD. is42. ____ wants to take part in this party may get the ticket.A. WhoeverB. WhoC. EverybodyD. Anybody43. I remember ____ for the job, but I have forgotten the exact amount.A. get paidB. that I receive payC. being paidD. to be paid44. There used to be some trees by the lake, ____?A. was thereB. weren't thereC. wasn't thereD. were there45. Charles regretted ____ the TV set last month. The price has now been raised.A. not to buyB. not buyC. buying notD. not buying46. He did poorly in his examinations ____ that he studied hard for them.A. consideredB. taken into accountC. consideringD. in view47. ____, we wouldn't have made so many mistakes.A. Because of your distractionB. Had we concentrated on our workC. With your distractionD. If we concentrated on our work48. Your advice that she ____ till next month is reasonable.A. waitB. will waitC. is going to waitD. waits49. Unless you go on ____ something else, you'll lose your efficiency.A. doingB. with doingC. to doD. for doing50. Some people strain the truth to make an ____ sound more thrilling.A. advantageB. adventureC. advanceD. advice51. Please ____ the mess in here before you go.A. clear outB. clear downC. clear inD. clear up52. He ____ from the bridge and rescued the drowning child.A. divedB. dividedC. diedD. divine53. Chinese handwriting has infinite power to express differences of ____ and cultivation.A. featureB. characteristicC. natureD. character54. If you have finished we can have a coffee — if not, you ____ keep working.A. would betterB. better toC. betterD. would better to55. ____ succeeding in career if your health runs down?A. What's the point atB. What's the point ofC. Is that the point ofD. Is there the point of56. I want to buy a sweater the same style ____ the one I am wearing.A. likeB. thanC. toD. as57. If someone deserts you when you are in trouble, he will not be ____.A. a friend of youB. yours friendC. a friend of yourD. a friend of yours58. — Come on, Mike. Here is your present.— OK, how nice of you! I ____ you ____ to bring me a present.A. hadn't thought; were goingB. never thought; were goingC. didn't think; were goingD. never think; are going59. From his muddy shoes I naturally ____ that he had been walking through the woods.A. drew the conclusionB. drew to a closeC. come to concludeD. brought to a conclusion60. So isolated ____ he ____ no one said a word in his favor.A. did ... whoB. did ... thatC. was ... whichD. was ... that。

2. (1) obtain (2) confident (3) communicate (4) advantage(5) relevant (6) helpful (7) extreme (8)enjoyable(9) means (10) process (11) particularly (12)characters(13) astonished (14) apparently3. (1) fond of (2) is…related to (3) according to(4) To a certain degree (5) vice versa (6) no doubt (7) rid… of (8) cleare d up (9) or else(10) at all costs (11) sure enough (12) let alone (13) similar to (14) It’s no use (15) in my opinion (16) was worth(II)Increasing Your Word Power1. (1) c (2) d (3) b (4) b (5) b (6) d2. (1) highly/very (2) quite/very (3) quite/very/increasingly (4) quite/simply/very3.4.No Mistakeespecial→ especiallynecessarily → necessaryfrequent → frequentlyNo Mistakeea sily → easyNo Mistakei ndividually → individualm uch → manyh igh → highlya pparently → apparentr emarkably → remarkablep robable → probablyNo Mistake(III)GrammarTask 1:(1)would/should (2) should/would (3) might (4) would (5) must (6) can’t (7) should would (8) mustTask 2:(1)We passed the afternoon very pleasantly, roller-skating in the sunand talking about our childhood under a tree. / The afternoon passed very pleasantly, while we roller-skated in the sun and talked about our childhood under a tree.(2)On entering the lecture hall, I was surprised at the size of the crowd./ When I entered the lecture hall, I was surprised at the size of the crowd.(3)When I was only a small boy, my father took me to Beijing and we hada lot of fun together.(4)To write well, a person must read good books.(IV)Cloze(1) doubt (2) efficient (3) where (4) advantage (5) afford (6) claim(7) fluently (8) qualified (9) extent (10) ridiculous (11) perfect(12) as(13) because (14) individual(V)Translation1. Translate the sentences(1) The baby can’t even crawl yet, let alone walk.(2) Will claimed he was dining with a group of friends at the time of the murder, but in my opinion he told a lie.(3) To a certain extent the speed of reading is closely related to reading skills; and with reading skills you can cope with outside class reading better.(4) According to the regulation/rule, they both can play the game/participate in the game.(5) Some people assume that there is a Chinese equivalent for every Japanese word.(6) We have passed all the relevant information on to the police.(7) There/ It is no use asking me any more questions about that matter because I won’t answer.(8) It was a mistake on Jim’s part to sign the contract without reading it carefully.(9) They refused to provide us with all the information we need.(10) This accident is very similar to the one that happened three years ago.(11) The film is based on a play by/ of Shakespeare.(12) If you have a good command/ mastery of English and computer skills, you will surely have an advantage over others in finding a job/ in job-hunting.2. Translate the paragraph近年来英语教学法有了很大的改变，但是还是有大量的教学活动建立在行为主义心理学基础之上。

Enhance Your Language Awareness(I)Working with Words and Expressions2. (1) obtain (2) confident (3) communicate (4) advantage(5) relevant (6) helpful (7) extreme (8) enjoyable(9) means (10) process (11) particularly (12)characters(13) astonished (14) apparently3. (1) fond of (2) is…related to (3) according to(4) To a certain degree (5) vice versa (6) no doubt(7) rid… of (8) cleare d up (9) or else(10) at all costs (11) sure enough (12) let alone (13) similar to (14) It’s no use (15) in my opinion(16) was worth(II)Increasing Your Word Power1. (1) c (2) d (3) b (4) b (5) b (6) d2. (1) highly/very (2) quite/very (3) quite/very/increasingly (4) quite/simply/very3.4.No Mistakeespecial→especiallynecessarily →necessaryfrequent → frequentlyNo Mistakeea sily → easyNo Mistakei ndividually → individualm uch → manyh igh → highlya pparently → apparentr emarkably → remarkablep robable → probablyNo Mistake(III)GrammarTask 1:(1)would/should (2) should/would (3) might (4) would (5) must (6) can’t (7) should would (8) mustTask 2:(1)We passed the afternoon very pleasantly, roller-skating in the sun andtalking about our childhood under a tree. / The afternoon passed very pleasantly, while we roller-skated in the sun and talked about our childhood under a tree.(2)On entering the lecture hall, I was surprised at the size of the crowd. /When I entered the lecture hall, I was surprised at the size of the crowd.(3)When I was only a small boy, my father took me to Beijing and we had alot of fun together.(4)To write well, a person must read good books.(IV)Cloze(1) doubt (2) efficient (3) where (4) advantage (5) afford (6) claim(7) fluently (8) qualified (9) extent (10) ridiculous (11) perfect (12) as (13) because (14) individual(V)Translation1. Translate the sentences(1) The baby can’t even crawl yet, let alone walk.(2) Will claimed he was dining with a group of friends at the time of the murder, but in my opinion he told a lie.(3) To a certain extent the speed of reading is closely related to reading skills; and with reading skills you can cope with outside class reading better. (4) According to the regulation/rule, they both can play the game/participate in the game.(5) Some people assume that there is a Chinese equivalent for every Japanese word.(6) We have passed all the relevant information on to the police.(7) There/ It is no use asking me any more questions about that matter because I won’t answer.(8) It was a mistake on Jim’s part to sign the contract without reading it carefully.(9) They refused to provide us with all the information we need.(10) This accident is very similar to the one that happened three years ago.(11) The film is based on a play by/ of Shakespeare.(12) If you have a good command/ mastery of English and computer skills, you will surely have an advantage over others in finding a job/ in job-hunting.2. Translate the paragraph近年来英语教学法有了很大的改变，但是还是有大量的教学活动建立在行为主义心理学基础之上。

Unit 8 Gender Differences: Keys to the exercisesWords in Action2 In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.1) Some of the government officials have become hooked on power and money.2) Male and female differences are regarded as cultural differences by some sociologists.3) Mr. Smith works in that office block facing north.4) We have barely enough money to last the weekend.5) Eye-witnesses claimed that Jim whipped the horse up to 16 times.6) I felt they hadn’t treated me fairly though they claimed that they treated everyone alike.7) I can’t tolerate your bad manners any longer.8) While his interest in these sports began to wane, a passion for rugby developed.9) I sent them another check of $5000 so as to balance their bank accounts.10) Only 13 percent of the straight-A students are female.11) Do relatives of yours still live and work in that city?12) He is a faithful follower of his home football team.13) Passengers were asked to identify their own suitcases before they were put on the bus.3 In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do you understand their meanings? Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary.1) After trudging through the snow for 30 minutes we finally found our way to the remote inn.2) There were too many customers at the hairdresser’s (发廊)that day and I almost finished reading a short novel before I was able to take my turn .3) At the discussion session the girls were so much interested in the topic that the boys could barely get the floor.4) John was not eager for classroom learning, but he hungered for adventures in the rain forest of South America.5) The old man has been trying very hard to hang on to his status as chairman of the board of directors (董事会).6) These trials are simply taking far too long and the public’s interest in them is waning.7) Though the doctor has repeatedly told him to give up smoking, he is still hooked on it.8) She gave away all her money to the poor before she died.9) I’ve talked to him on the phone but I’ve never actually met him face to face.10) She poured her heart out to me yesterday and admitted that she had even thought of committing suicide (自杀).11) When she felt she could trust me, she began to open up.12) Only after many hours of fierce fighting did we begin to get the upper hand.13) He was flooded with letters of congratulations after he won the gold medal.14) The new coach soon whipped the team into line / shape by emphasizing the importance of discipline.●Increasing Your Word Power1 Complete the multiple choice exercise by choosing the right answer.1) All the following nouns can form acceptable collocations with the noun GENDER except ________.a.relationsb. differencesc. inequalityd. rolee. character2) All the following adjectives can form acceptable collocations with thenoun IDENTITY except ________.a. falseb. culturalc. inevitabled. truee. mistaken3 All the following verbs can go with the noun STATUS except ________.a. achieveb. controlc. recognized. improvee. acquire4) All the following verbs can go with the noun SYMPATHY except ________.a. transferb. offerc. aroused. expresse. feel5) All the following adjectives can form acceptable collocations with thenoun MESSAGE except ________.a. longb. sarcasticc. urgentd. anxiouse. self-revealing6) All the following adjectives can form acceptable collocations with thenoun COMMAND except ________.a. appropriateb. personalc. completed. militarye. stressful7) All the following adjectives can form acceptable collocations with thenoun EXPERTISE except ________.a. extensiveb. wealthyc. relevantd. necessarye. existing8) All the following verbs can go with the noun ADVICE except ________.a. giveb. seekc. ignored. heede. locateMatch the verbs in the left column with the nouns and phrases in the right column. Put the corresponding letter in the blank following each word.1) type ( c ) a) a bug2) write ( b ) b) a check3) install ( e ) c) a command4) upgrade (d ) d) a computer5) eliminate ( a ) e) a hard drive3 Did you notice the prefixes un-, in-, im-, dis- in words that you have come across from Units 1-8, such as unfamiliar, inescapable, impatient, disrespectful. These prefixes can be used in front of adjectives to produce an opposite meaning.In addition to un-, in-, im-, and dis-, the prefixes il- and ir- also fall into this category. Now complete the following table with the prefixes mentioned above.Adjectives Prefixes Adjectives(with opposite meaning)agreeable dis-/il-/imin-/ir-/un disagreeablecompetent incompetentdependent independentfortunate unfortunatehonorable dishonourablelogical illogicallegal illegalmoral immoralperfect imperfectregular irregularreliable unreliableresponsible irresponsibleComplete each of the following sentences by changing the words given inbrackets into proper forms.1) Some experts hold that it would be immoral (moral) to clone a human being.2) The politician was criticized because of his dishonourable (honour) behaviour.3) In most countries, it is illegal (legal) for doctors to help patient send their lives.4) The computer was unreliable (reliable); it always crashed for one reason or another.5) They have tried every means to escape the disagreeable (agreeable)situation.6) When emotion outweighs (超过；胜过)reason, people are likely tomake illogical (logic) decisions.7) Because he was incompetent (competent) at management, the business ran into debt soon after he took over from his father.8) One of the purposes of education is to cultivate students’ strong sense of responsibility and independent (depend) thinking abilities.9) It would be irresponsible (responsible) of journalists to make up news stories without any investigation.10) All happy families resemble one another, but each unfortunate(fortunate) family is unfortunate (fortunate) in its own way.Grammar in ContextTask 1: Combine each pair of sentences into one containing an adverbial of concession by using the word in brackets.1) a. He would try.b. He fell short of his parents’ expectations.(as)Try as he would, he fell short of his parents’ expectations.2) a. He was tired out after a day of hard work.b. He stayed up late to watch the FIFA World Cup final.(though)Though he was tired out after a day of hard work, he stayed up late to watch theFIFA World Cup final.3) a. I disapprove of what you say.b. I will defend to the death your right to say it.(while)While I disapprove of what you say, I will defend to the death your right to say it.4) a. There is no evidence to suggest that they spread viruses.b. The European Union has banned imports of dairy products from other countries.(even though)Even though there is no evidence to suggest that they spread viruses, the EuropeanUnion has banned imports of dairy products from other countries.5) a. There are visible graphic warnings on cigarette packets.b. Some smokers turn a blind eye to the potential hazards of smoking.(despite) Despite the visible graphic warnings on cigarette packets, some smokers turn a blind eye to the potential hazards of smoking.Task 2: Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in brackets into English beginning with the word or phrase that has been given.1) He was found guilty of graft (贪污受贿) and corruption (腐败) and was sentenced to 20 years’ imprisonment even though(尽管他曾是一位高官).He was found guilty of graft and corruption and was sentenced to 20 years’ imprisonment even though he was a high-ranking official.2) People from all walks of life, whether (无论老幼贫富), should extend helping hands to those in the flood-stricken areas.People from all walks of life, whether they are young or old, rich or poor, should extend helping hands to those in the flood-stricken areas.3) No matter (不管道路如何艰险), the future will always be beautiful so long as hope remains.No matter how rough and dangerous the road is, the future will always be beautiful so long as hope remains.4) For all (尽管他成就非凡), he remained modest and humble.For all his remarkable achievements, he remained modest and humble.5) Granted that (即使人工智能已获得重大突破), the computer can never replace the human brain in the long run.Granted that a major breakthrough in artificial intelligence has been achieved, the computer can never replace the human brain in the long run.ClozeComplete the following passage with the words chosen from this unit. The initial letter of each is given.Boys and girls learn different ways of behaving, talking, and thinking. These different behaviors reflect differences in g ender (1). In the American culture, boys learn to c ompete (2) with each other in games, trying very hard to win andb oasting (3) about how well they can do things. These behaviors are considered m asculine (4). People expect boys to act in these ways. On the other hand, girls learn to be f eminine (5). They would rather have their friends like them than compete with them to win a game. Girls arec oncerned (6) with being fair, or equal, when they play. As children grow up, their gender will i nfluence (7) their behavior. Language r eflects (8) the gender of children, too. Boys usually give c ommands (9), while girls often make suggestions to show they are not b ossy (10).At school boys gain their s tatus (11) through playing sports well and e arning (12)high grades. Girls will gain respect by having friends who are popular. Sharing g ossip (13) about a friend is one of the ways for girls to e mphasize (14) the fact that they belong to the same group. These differences are cultural and seem to be part of growing up in the culture in which they live.TranslationTranslate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given in brackets.1) 这所学校关心学生的道德和社会责任的教育，多过于他们的学业成绩。

新视界大学英语综合教程第八单元课文翻译及练习答案Active Reading警钟已经敲响了全世界的孩子们：你们好！新年快乐！我们又该敲响钟声辞旧迎新了！（估计你们还有人不知道“辞旧迎新”这种说法是怎么来的。

以前，每到除夕之夜，我们都会敲响教堂的钟，来告别过去，迎接未来。

）但是今年，我想与你们说说我对环境的一些忧虑。

我刚刚和我亲爱的老朋友圣诞老人聊天来着，他给你们送完了礼物，刚刚回到北极的家。

他告诉我，今年，他的一只驯鹿腿受伤了，差一点没能准时在圣诞节送出礼物。

那是春天的事了。

那时，冰层本来应该是很厚的，但事实上却比以往要薄很多，于是那只驯鹿差点掉进北冰洋。

圣诞老人还告诉我，他的北极熊朋友们不得不走到更远的地方去寻找结实的冰和雪，而北冰洋的鸟类迁徙的时间也与往常不一样了。

看来问题出在气候变化上。

全世界的科学家都已经意识到，我们为了取暖、降温和出行而使用的天然气、石油和煤炭会释放大量的二氧化碳到地球的大气层，从而导致太阳的热能积聚在大气层中，这就叫做温室效应。

温室效应又引起各种其他的变化，我们都知道，有的变化是糟糕透顶的。

所以，天气在变化。

雨不再是细雨，而是使海水泛滥、山洪暴发的狂风暴雨。

甚至一些国家（比如马尔代夫群岛）和大城市（例如纽约和伦敦）也受到了威胁。

而其他地方却因降雨量不足而庄稼干旱，所以有人就会挨饿。

我们最喜欢的一些动物，比如大象、老虎和狮子，也正在失去它们的家园。

不过，我们是可以做点什么让事情改观的。

要知道，这些科学家还说，我们可以用可再生资源来满足大多数能源需求，以此来与气候变化作斗争。

比如，我们可以使用风力涡轮来为房屋照明、取暖，为车辆提供电力。

圣诞老人很关心自己的航空里程，这不足为奇，因为他要把那么多的礼物送给你们这些孩子啊！但我们也找到了弥补的方法，他可以捐钱在巴西种一片森林以抵消他在圣诞前夜产生的二氧化碳。

因为新种的森林能够吸收同等数量的二氧化碳。

你要是坐飞机的话，或许也可以这样做？我们从哥本哈根环境峰会上得知，必须要减少二氧化碳的排放量才能增强气温的稳定性，使其变化范围保持在1.5-2 摄氏度之内。

新世纪大学英语综合教程1教材答案The Answers to Unit 1Enhance Your Language Awareness(I)Working with Words and Expressions2. (1) obtain (2) confident (3) communicate (4) advantage (5) relevant (6) helpful (7) extreme (8) enjoyable(9) means (10) process (11) particularly (12) characters (13) astonished (14) apparently3. (1) fond of (2) is…related to (3) according to(4) To a certain degree (5) vice versa (6) no doubt(7) rid… of (8) cleared up (9) or else(10) at all costs (11) sure enough (12) let alone(13) similar to (14) It’s no use (15) in my opinion (16) was worth(II)Increasing Your Word Power1. (1) c (2) d (3) b (4) b (5) b (6) d2. (1) highly/very (2) quite/very (3) quite/very/increasingly (4) quite/simply/very3.Adverbs Adjectivesefficiently efficientparticularly particularfluently fluentquickly quickcheaply cheapcontinually continualprobably probableadventurously adventurousfinally finalsteadily steadyslowly slowsolemnly solemnreally realapparently apparenttentatively tentativeexactly exact4.No Mistakeespecial→ especiallynecessarily → necessaryfrequent → frequen tlyNo Mistakeeasily → easyNo Mistakei ndividually → individualm uch → manyh igh → highlya pparently → apparentr emarkably → remarkablep robable → probablyNo Mistake(III)GrammarTask 1:(1)would/should (2) should/would (3) might (4) would(5) must (6) can’t (7) should would (8) mustTask 2:(1)We passed the afternoon very pleasantly, roller-skating in the sun and talkingabout our childhood under a tree. / The afternoon passed very pleasantly, while we roller-skated in the sun and talked about our childhood under a tree.(2)On entering the lecture hall, I was surprised at the size of the crowd. / WhenI entered the lecture hall, I was surprised at the size of the crowd.(3)When I was only a small boy, my father took me to Beijing and we had a lot offun together.(4)To write well, a person must read good books.(IV)Cloze(1) doubt (2) efficient (3) where (4) advantage (5) afford (6) claim (7) fluently (8) qualified (9) extent (10) ridiculous (11) perfect (12) as (13) because (14) individual(V)Translation1. Translate the sentences(1) The baby can’t even crawl yet, let alone walk.(2) Will claimed he was dining with a group of friends at the time of the murder, but in my opinion he told a lie.(3) To a certain extent the speed of reading is closely related to reading skills; and with reading skills you can cope with outside class reading better.(4) According to the regulation/rule, they both can play the game/participate in the game.(5) Some people assume that there is a Chinese equivalent for every Japanese word.(6) We have passed all the relevant information on to the police.(7) There/ It is no use asking me any more questions about that matter because I won’t answer.(8) It was a mistake on Jim’s part to sign the contract without reading it carefully.(9) They refused to provide us with all the information we need.(10) This accident is very similar to the one that happened three years ago.(11) The film is based on a play by/ of Shakespeare.(12) If you have a good command/ mastery of English and computer skills, you will surely have an advantage over others in finding a job/ in job-hunting.2. Translate the paragraph近年来英语教学法有了很大的改变，但是还是有大量的教学活动建立在行为主义心理学基础之上。

Unit 8 Gender Differences: Keys to the exercisesWords in Action2 In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.1) Some of the government officials have become hooked on power and money.2) Male and female differences are regarded as cultural differences by some sociologists.3) Mr. Smith works in that office block facing north.4) We have barely enough money to last the weekend.5) Eye-witnesses claimed that Jim whipped the horse up to 16 times.6) I felt they hadn’t treated me fairly though they claimed that they treated everyone alike.7) I can’t tolerate your bad manners any longer.8) While his interest in these sports began to wane, a passion for rugby developed.9) I sent them another check of $5000 so as to balance their bank accounts.10) Only 13 percent of the straight-A students are female.11) Do relatives of yours still live and work in that city?12) He is a faithful follower of his home football team.13) Passengers were asked to identify their own suitcases before they were put on the bus.3 In the boxes below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do you understand their meanings? Do you know how to use them in the proper context? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary.1) After trudging through the snow for 30 minutes we finally found our way to the remote inn.2) There were too many customers at the hairdresser’s (发廊)that day and I almost finished reading a short novel before I was able to take my turn .3) At the discussion session the girls were so much interested in the topic that the boys could barely get the floor.4) John was not eager for classroom learning, but he hungered for adventures in the rain forest of South America.5) The old man has been trying very hard to hang on to his status as chairman of the board of directors (董事会).6) These trials are simply taking far too long and the public’s interest in them is waning.7) Though the doctor has repeatedly told him to give up smoking, he is still hooked on it.8) She gave away all her money to the poor before she died.9) I’ve talked to him on the phone but I’ve never actually met him face to face.10) She poured her heart out to me yesterday and admitted that she had even thought of committing suicide (自杀).11) When she felt she could trust me, she began to open up.12) Only after many hours of fierce fighting did we begin to get the upper hand.13) He was flooded with letters of congratulations after he won the gold medal.14) The new coach soon whipped the team into line / shape by emphasizing the importance of discipline.●Increasing Your Word Power1 Complete the multiple choice exercise by choosing the right answer.1) All the following nouns can form acceptable collocations with the noun GENDER except ________.a.relationsb. differencesc. inequalityd. rolee. character2) All the following adjectives can form acceptable collocations with thenoun IDENTITY except ________.a. falseb. culturalc. inevitabled. truee. mistaken3 All the following verbs can go with the noun STATUS except ________.a. achieveb. controlc. recognized. improvee. acquire4) All the following verbs can go with the noun SYMPATHY except ________.a. transferb. offerc. aroused. expresse. feel5) All the following adjectives can form acceptable collocations with thenoun MESSAGE except ________.a. longb. sarcasticc. urgentd. anxiouse. self-revealing6) All the following adjectives can form acceptable collocations with thenoun COMMAND except ________.a. appropriateb. personalc. completed. militarye. stressful7) All the following adjectives can form acceptable collocations with thenoun EXPERTISE except ________.a. extensiveb. wealthyc. relevantd. necessarye. existing8) All the following verbs can go with the noun ADVICE except ________.a. giveb. seekc. ignored. heede. locateMatch the verbs in the left column with the nouns and phrases in the right column. Put the corresponding letter in the blank following each word.1) type ( c ) a) a bug2) write ( b ) b) a check3) install ( e ) c) a command4) upgrade (d ) d) a computer5) eliminate ( a ) e) a hard drive3 Did you notice the prefixes un-, in-, im-, dis- in words that you have come across from Units 1-8, such as unfamiliar, inescapable, impatient, disrespectful. These prefixes can be used in front of adjectives to produce an opposite meaning.In addition to un-, in-, im-, and dis-, the prefixes il- and ir- also fall into this category. Now complete the following table with the prefixes mentioned above.Adjectives Prefixes Adjectives(with opposite meaning)agreeable dis-/il-/imin-/ir-/un disagreeablecompetent incompetentdependent independentfortunate unfortunatehonorable dishonourablelogical illogicallegal illegalmoral immoralperfect imperfectregular irregularreliable unreliableresponsible irresponsibleComplete each of the following sentences by changing the words given inbrackets into proper forms.1) Some experts hold that it would be immoral (moral) to clone a human being.2) The politician was criticized because of his dishonourable (honour) behaviour.3) In most countries, it is illegal (legal) for doctors to help patient send their lives.4) The computer was unreliable (reliable); it always crashed for one reason or another.5) They have tried every means to escape the disagreeable (agreeable)situation.6) When emotion outweighs (超过；胜过)reason, people are likely tomake illogical (logic) decisions.7) Because he was incompetent (competent) at management, the business ran into debt soon after he took over from his father.8) One of the purposes of education is to cultivate students’ strong sense of responsibility and independent (depend) thinking abilities.9) It would be irresponsible (responsible) of journalists to make up news stories without any investigation.10) All happy families resemble one another, but each unfortunate(fortunate) family is unfortunate (fortunate) in its own way.Grammar in ContextTask 1: Combine each pair of sentences into one containing an adverbial of concession by using the word in brackets.1) a. He would try.b. He fell short of his parents’ expectations.(as)Try as he would, he fell short of his parents’ expectations.2) a. He was tired out after a day of hard work.b. He stayed up late to watch the FIFA World Cup final.(though)Though he was tired out after a day of hard work, he stayed up late to watch theFIFA World Cup final.3) a. I disapprove of what you say.b. I will defend to the death your right to say it.(while)While I disapprove of what you say, I will defend to the death your right to say it.4) a. There is no evidence to suggest that they spread viruses.b. The European Union has banned imports of dairy products from other countries.(even though)Even though there is no evidence to suggest that they spread viruses, the EuropeanUnion has banned imports of dairy products from other countries.5) a. There are visible graphic warnings on cigarette packets.b. Some smokers turn a blind eye to the potential hazards of smoking.(despite) Despite the visible graphic warnings on cigarette packets, some smokers turn a blind eye to the potential hazards of smoking.Task 2: Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese in brackets into English beginning with the word or phrase that has been given.1) He was found guilty of graft (贪污受贿) and corruption (腐败) and was sentenced to 20 years’ imprisonment even though(尽管他曾是一位高官).He was found guilty of graft and corruption and was sentenced to 20 years’ imprisonment even though he was a high-ranking official.2) People from all walks of life, whether (无论老幼贫富), should extend helping hands to those in the flood-stricken areas.People from all walks of life, whether they are young or old, rich or poor, should extend helping hands to those in the flood-stricken areas.3) No matter (不管道路如何艰险), the future will always be beautiful so long as hope remains.No matter how rough and dangerous the road is, the future will always be beautiful so long as hope remains.4) For all (尽管他成就非凡), he remained modest and humble.For all his remarkable achievements, he remained modest and humble.5) Granted that (即使人工智能已获得重大突破), the computer can never replace the human brain in the long run.Granted that a major breakthrough in artificial intelligence has been achieved, the computer can never replace the human brain in the long run.ClozeComplete the following passage with the words chosen from this unit. The initial letter of each is given.Boys and girls learn different ways of behaving, talking, and thinking. These different behaviors reflect differences in g ender (1). In the American culture, boys learn to c ompete (2) with each other in games, trying very hard to win andb oasting (3) about how well they can do things. These behaviors are considered m asculine (4). People expect boys to act in these ways. On the other hand, girls learn to be f eminine (5). They would rather have their friends like them than compete with them to win a game. Girls arec oncerned (6) with being fair, or equal, when they play. As children grow up, their gender will i nfluence (7) their behavior. Language r eflects (8) the gender of children, too. Boys usually give c ommands (9), while girls often make suggestions to show they are not b ossy (10).At school boys gain their s tatus (11) through playing sports well and e arning (12)high grades. Girls will gain respect by having friends who are popular. Sharing g ossip (13) about a friend is one of the ways for girls to e mphasize (14) the fact that they belong to the same group. These differences are cultural and seem to be part of growing up in the culture in which they live.TranslationTranslate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given in brackets.1) 这所学校关心学生的道德和社会责任的教育，多过于他们的学业成绩。

（完整版）新世纪大学英语（第二版）综合教程第一册UNIT5~UNIT8习题答案（完整版）新世纪大学英语（第二版）综合教程第一册UNIT5~UNIT8习题答案Unit 5 > Key to Book ExercisesListen and RespondTask One Focusing on the Main IdeasChoose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences according to the information contained in the listening passage.1) The first main point the speaker talks about is ________.A) what personality meansB) when a person’s personality starts to developC) h ow to express one’s personalityD) how to solve personality problems2) According to the speaker, psychologists ________.A) often emphasize the importance of friendshipB) often like to find similarities among peopleC) usually find it hard to explain personalityD) usually interpret personality differently3) People can be roughly put into ________.A) 5 categories B) 4 categoriesC) 3 categories D) 2 categories4) To put people into different categories and compare them, psychologists often ________.A) use tests B) talk to peopleC) observe people D) do a lot of reading5) With the aid of knowledge about personality, we can ________.A) provide more help to each otherB) conduct some research on our ownC) improve our relationship with othersD) have better communication with othersTask Two Zooming In on the DetailsListen to the recording again and fill in each of the blanks according to what you have heard.1) Different psychologists explain personality in different ways.2) Introverts are people who are quiet or like to spend time at home reading and doing their own things whereas extroverts are those who enjoy going out and spending time with other people.3) If we know a person’s personality, we will be able to understand him / her better, which will help to make our relationship with this person stronger.4) One way to help an introvert is to make him / her feel comfortable when he / she is with a group of people he / she has never met before.5) We can change and improve ourselves if we know our own personality.Text ATask One Discovering the Main Ideas1 Answer the following questions with the information contained in Text A.1) Does the writer support the idea that “one’s personality can be summed up in a word”? (Para. 2) What evidence in the text can you find to support your answer?No. The writer does not support the idea. In fact, he says that when we take a closer look at personality, we will see that it is notas simple as that.2) Of the two main factors (heredity and environment) that influe nce one’s personality, which one has a greater influence?The writer does not indicate which of the two factors has a greater influence because no one really knows. In addition, the combination of both influences may vary from one person to another.3) How does family environment affect a child’s personality?Home life affects a child’s growth. A child who feels loved and secure at home is more likely to develop positive traits than those who grow up in a troubled family.4) According to the writer, when is the best time for a person to develop his / her personality? Why?The writer thinks that the best time to develop a person’s personality is during his / her adolescence. This is because it is easier for one to absorb new things when one is learning.2 There are two main ideas about personality in Text A. Point them out and list the supporting ideas that help develop each main idea. Main Idea 1:What is personality or the definition of personality.Supporting Ideas:Three elements of personality: emotional, social, intellectual Main Idea 2:The two factors that influence personality development are heredity and environment.Supporting Ideas:Heredity and its influence; Environment and its influence; Best stage / life phase to develop personalityTask Two Reading Between the LinesRead the following statements and then decide whether eachof them is true or false based on the information in the text. Write T for True and F for False in the space provided before each statement. 1) T A person’s look and perso nality make him / her unique (独特).2) F Because we experience the same emotions, we express them in almostthe same way.(Though we experience the same basic emotions, we respond to them individually.)3) T People who enjoy being alone instead of being in the company of othersare unsociable.4) F We will not know the true personality of a person just by looking at theway he / she behaves.(We will know the true personality of a person by looking at how he / she behaves as the emotional, social, and intellectual traits of personality become apparent to others through behaviors.)5) T There is a greater possibility that children who grow up in brokenfamilies develop less desirable personalities.6) T Building personality traits is comparable to building any other skills that one wants to learn or cultivate.Read and ExploreChecking Your Vocabulary1 Play detective and find the required word or phrase in TextB according to the clues given. Then, make at least two sentences with each of the words or phrases you have found. The number of the paragraph in which the target word or phrase appears isgiven in brackets.1) A noun meaning “a liking for one thing rather than another”: (Para. 2) Write down the target word here: preferencea. It is really difficult to tell you how much salt to add to this dish as it depends on individual preference.b. Please indicate your preference in the registration form so that the organizer knows which workshop you would like to attend.2) A verb meaning “to increase in size, number, volume, degree, etc.”: (Para. 3)Write down the target word here: expanda. After three years of profit making, he expanded his grocery shop into a supermarket.b. If you do not watch what you eat, your waist will expand.3) A phrase meaning “safe from; untroubled or uncontrolled by”: (Para. 4)Write down the target phrase here: free froma. I am thinking of quitting my job in the city and moving to the countryside to lead a carefree life, free from pollution and stress.b. To be happy is to be free from worries.4) An adjective meaning “chief;main; principal”: (Para. 5)Write down the target word here: primarya. The primary objective of this research is to find out how regularly people in different age groups exercise.b. The police have just arrested the primary suspect of a murder case.5) An adverb meaning “as a result; therefore”: (Para. 5)Write down the target word here: consequentlya. The serious soil pollution is a danger to agriculture andconsequently to human health.b. We are confronted with a lot of problems; consequently no one in our group is free from worry.6) An adverb meaning “connected with or happening in the mind”: (Para. 6) Write down the target word here: mentallya. The boy is physically healthy and strong, but mentally he is not sound and healthy.b. It’s going to be a tough competition, but I’m mentally prepared for it.7) A phrase meaning “to be anxious or worried about sth. or sb.”: (Para. 7)Write down the target phrase here: be / become concerned abouta. My mother has been sick for the past few weeks and I am so concerned about her health.b. The boss is very concerned about the way his secretary carries out her duties.8) A noun meaning “faithfulness or a devotion to a person, country, group,or cause, etc.”: (Para. 9)Write down the target word here: loyaltya. The prize is seen as a reward for his loyalty to the company.b. Their loyalty to the cause had never been in doubt.9) A phrase meaning “to be satisfied or quietly happy”: (Para. 9)Write down the target phrase here: be content witha. My parents always tell me that in order to be happy, we must learn to be content with what we have.b. James is not content with his current job so he is actively looking for another one.10) A verb meaning “to lose or give up, es pecially for a good purpose or to gain a desirable result”: (Para. 9)Write down the target word here: sacrificea. In some ancient cultures, human beings were sacrificed as gifts to gods.b. Because the talk on mental health is important, I have to sacrifice my lunch to attend it.11) An adjective meaning “giving equal attention to all sides or all opinions”: (Para. 10)Write down the target word here: balanceda. The news report presents a balanced view of the two sides of the conflict.b. In today’s news paper there is a balanced and impartial report of the election campaign.12) An adverb meaning “usually; in the usual or ordinary way”: (Para. 10) Write down the target word here: normallya. I normally go to bed early, but I stayed up last night.b. Though he has failed in the mid-term exam, he is now behaving rather normally.2 Rewrite each of the following sentences with a phrase that appears in Text B. Focus on the italicized parts. The number of the paragraph in which the target phrase appears is given in brackets.1) They did not have enough fund for the research project and they were short of hands then, but they accepted the unsatisfactory situation cheerfully and managed as well as they could. (Para. 3)They did not have enough fund for the research project and they were short of hands, but they managed to make the best of it.2) Joe is unable to get away from a relationship that he doesn’t enjoy. (Para. 6)Joe is stuck in a relationship that he doesn’t enjoy.3) I bought this car six years ago and it is still in good condition; I don’t think I need to buy a new one now. (Para. 7)I bought this car six years ago and it is still in good shape; I don’t think I need to buy a new one now.4) Jenny has made a choice of studying film-making instead of computer science. (Para. 7)Jenny has opted for studying film-making instead of computer science.5) Since the fight with his parents a few days ago, he has stopped listening to them and closed himself off from everything. (Para. 8)Since the fight with his parents a few days ago, he has shut himself off from everything.6) At your age, you should know what you want to do in life and what you want to achieve instead of letting your parents make decisions for you.(Para. 9)At your age, you should be in (total) control of your life instead of letting your parents make decisions for you.7) She got a divorce and finally got rid of the control of her abusive husband. (Para. 9)She got a divorce and finally broke away from her abusive husband.8) The forecasters say more snow is due to come in the near future. (Para. 10)The forecasters say more snow is on the way.Checking Your Comprehension1 Based on the information contained in Text B, match the colors in Column A with the descriptions of personality in Column B. Write down the corresponding letter in the space provided.Column A Column B1) Red b a. sb. who probably likes fairy tales a lot2) Yellow g b. sb. who has a strong will to win3) Green e c. sb. who doesn’t feel safe4) Violet a d. sb. who is happy with whatever he / she has5) Brown c e. sb. who will not give up easily6) Grey h f. sb. who is willing to fight hard to change his / her current life7) Blue d g. sb. who doesn’t like a hectic and bu sy lifestyle8) Black f h. sb. who probably cannot make up his / her mind easily2 Based on the information provided in the text, summarize what each colour says about the person who chooses it as his / her favourite colour. Write down your answers in the space provided.Colour What It RepresentsRed impulsive, sexy and having the will to winYellow ambitious and eager to pleaseGreen persistent, possessive and rather selfishViolet mentally and physically immature, living in a fantasy worldBrown restless and insecureGrey unwilling to make a commitment, choosing to be left aloneBlue sensitive and easily hurtBlack willing to fight against fateOptional Classroom Activities2 Think of a person you know well. He / She could be a family member or a friend. Write down five personality traits that can best describe him / her and give examples to support your description. Personality TraitsHardworkingExamplesHe opened a small grocery shop in a small village.He worked almost 18 hours a day and never took a holiday.Personality Traits KindExamplesHe would allow very poor customers to pay for the things they took on an instalment (分期付款) basis.Personality Traits StrictExamplesHe would not tolerate misbehaviour from his children.He would punish them when they were in the wrong.Personality Traits PersistentAlthough life was tough, he never gave up and persisted in keeping his shop open.Personality Traits SociableHe could get along with almost everyone in his village whether they were children, adults or old people.Enhance Your Language AwarenessWords in ActionWorking with Words and Expressions1 In the boxes below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentences with them. Change the form where necessary.。