新世纪大学英语综合教程第四册新理念单元测试答案U2-E

新世纪大学英语综合教程4第二版U2第二单元Man and TechnologyEnhance Your Language AwarenessWords in Action▆ Working with Words and Expressions1.In the box below are some of the words you have learned in this unit. Complete the following sentenceswith them. Change the form where necessary.▆ Answers:1)productivity2)phenomenon3)isolation4)gradual5)opponent6)advent7)genetic8)universal9)extreme10)nasty11)boom12)formal13)survey14)Similarly15)modify16)rough2. In the box below are some of the expressions you have learned in this unit. Do you understand theirmeanings? Do you know how to use them in the propercontext? Now check for yourself by doing the blank-filling exercise. Change the form where necessary.▆ Answers:1)at the same time2)are stuck with3)for certain4)make no difference5)on average6)when it comes to7)are better off8)built into9)come to mind10)close to11)i n favor of▆Increasing Your Word Power1.You will read six pairs of words which are similar in meaning but are different in usage. Reflect on thedifferences in usage between the words in each group and fill in each blank with a proper one. Change the form if necessary.▆ Answers:1)exterior2)external3)delightful4)pleasant5)separate6)isolate7)company8)companion9)acquire10)learn11)ripe12)mature2. Fill in each blank with one of the words listed below in the appropriate form, paying special attentionto the meaning and spelling.▆ Answers:1)accept2)oppression3)loss4)excerpts5)depression6)loose7)except8)expectations9)lose10)suppress3.Words that come from the same root may be said to belong to the same family. Getting acquainted witheach member of the family is a sure way to increase your word power. Now complete the following table with words of the same family. You may consult a dictionary if necessary.▆ Answers:1)technology2)eternity3)miracle4)relevance5)analysis6)luxurious7)leisurely / leisured8)subjective9)prosperous10)i nnovativeGRAMMAR IN CONTEXTTask 1: Complete the following sentences with appropriate connectives listed in the following table.▆ Answers:1)Whatever2)Although / Though3)whereas4)However5)though / although6)Granted / Granting that7)as8)WhileTask 2: Translate the following sentences into English.▆ Answers for reference:1)Though it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football.2)You will have to attend the commencement whether you are free or busy.3)She leaves her bedroom windows open, however cold it is.4)We will make a trip even if / though the weather is bad.5)No matter who / Whoever you are, you must abide by the law.6)Difficult as the job was, they decided to accept it.7)No matter what I say or how I say it, he always thinks I’m wrong.8)She seems to have a ready answer, whenever / no matter when I ask her a question.ClozeComplete the following passage with words chosen from this unit. The initial letter of each is given.▆ Answers:1)emphasize2)opposite3)improved4)luxuries5)benefited6)obviously7)consciously8)fractures9)eternal10)groundbreaking11)entitled12)correlation13)depends14)exclusivelyTranslation1.Translate the following sentences into English, using the words and expressions given in brackets.▆ Answers for reference:1)He really knows a lot about theory, but when it comes to actual work, he seems to be quite ignorant.2)The latest survey shows /showed that the majority of the citizens support / supported the government’s plan to build a new library.3)The two countries could reach agreement successfully on scientific and technological cooperation becauseseveral factors favorable to their cooperation had been at work.4)I saw the film when I was in the primary school, but the title just won’t come to mind for the moment.5)He has been stuck with heavy debt though he works about twelve hours every day on average.6)Is it necessary to know his height? To me, it is not relevant to whether he can be a good lawyer or not.7)The cupboard is built into the wall so that it both saves space and is convenient to use.8)These workers earn more than we do, but the other side of the coin is that their job is more dangerous.9)Helen majors in economics at the university and at the same time she studies philosophy as her second major.10)What is most important is that you must find out and solve the problems by yourselves. It makes nodifference whether I go there or not.2.Translate the following passage into English.▆ Answers for reference:Nowadays, many people are enjoying the benefits brought about by material and technological advances unimaginable in previous eras. With the development of science and technology, people’s standard of living is getting higher and higher. People’s life exp ectancy has soared, too.However, oddly enough, many people do not feel happier than they used to be. It can be seen that there is no close correlation between people’s income and their happiness. Happiness cannot, after all, be bought with money.Although the majority of people are not very satisfied with their lives, they are happy to be alive, and the more time they live on earth, the better off they feel they’ll be. What is important is that material wealth is far from enough. People need spiritualhappiness, too.Theme-Related WritingWrite an essay of no less than 150 words about a technological invention. Y our writing should cover the following points:1) a brief description of the invention2) the positive impact of the invention on people’s life3) the negative impact of the invention on peo ple’s life4) your opinion▇Sample essay:The Impact of the Mobile Phone on People’s LivesAmong the many technological inventions, the mobile phone impresses me most.The mobile phone brings considerable convenience to our lives. It not only enables us to keep in touch with each other almost anytime and anywhere but also helps us solve problems or do business efficiently. In emergencies, a mobile phone can even be a life-saver. Besides, its multi-functions add ease and color to our lives. With a mobile phone, we can receive mail, read news, listen to music, play games, and take pictures.Yet, the mobile phone has its disadvantages, too. Most of us have experienced the nuisance of unwanted or wrong calls. We are inconvenienced by calls on occasions when we least expect one. Besides, the technology infrastructure to support mobile communication has consumed valuable natural resources and caused significant environmental problems. It is reported that electromagnetic radiation waves from the phone may result in health problems.Despite its negative side, the advantages of the mobile phone outweigh its disadvantages. I believe that with advancesin science and technology, improved and safer models of mobile phones will surely serve us still better. (184 words)。

Section One Pre-reading ActivitiesI. Audiovisual supplementFrom Secrets of Body LanguageWatch the video clip and answer the following questions.Script:Voiceover:But body language is often complex, and easily misunderstood. Here, President Clinton leads the Israeli and Palestinian leaders Ehud Barak and Yasser Arafat up before the press during peace negotiations. It’s all smiles for the cameras, but behind the façade of bonhomie, there’s a power struggle going on. Clinton jokingly exp lains that none of them will take any questions.Clinton: We promise to each other we will answer no question and offer no comments, so I have to set a good example.Voiceover: The body language then reveals just why that works.Expert A:Wow. It’s almost a physical fight.Voiceover: Many view this apparently light-hearted tussle as a sign that Arafat and Barak were getting on well. Think again.Expert A: There is a great meaning behind who goes through the door first. Now of course here in the West, let ting someone through the door first doesn’t really matter. Polite maybe. But in the Middle East, it has significant cultural impact.Expert B:The host, the power person, says, “I’m in control. I’ll help you through the door. I’ll show you the way.”Arafat:Thank you. Thank you.Voiceover: Throw in the fear and tension present in most Middle East negotiations, and suddenly, the desire of both Arafat and Barak not to go through that door before the other starts to make sense.Expert C: This is a classic example in its extreme way of how the last man through the door is the winner. So Barak reaches for Yasser Arafat. Arafat literally grasps his arm, moves on, and starts wagering his finger at Barak, who, then, Barak, uses this opportunity as a wrestling match to move around, to actually be behind Arafat, and then literally grasps Arafat, holds him by the arm, and shoves him through the door.Expert B:So you’ve got fear and power struggle, showing in big big big big bold body language with it.Questions:1. How is the “getting through the door” movement understood by many people?Answer: Many view this apparently light-hearted tussle as a sign that Arafat and Barak were getting on well.2. What is the hidden message behind the scene?Answer: Arafat and Barak are struggling to get through the door after the other party in order to show “I am in control”.3. What does this story tell us?Answer: Body language is very important, but often complex and easily misunderstood.II. Cultural backgroundPersonal spacePersonal space can be imagined as a kind of bubble surrounding a person that protects his or her privacy and which other people may not normally enter. Allowing somebody to get very close and enter your personal space may be a sign of t rust or love. On the other hand, intruding other’s personal space can be rather offensive.The amount of space people need to feel around them varies with various factors, such as culture, sex, familiarity between people, crowdedness of the situation, etc. For example:●people from cultures that like a lot of personal space feel awkward and embarrassed when somebody comes too close to them;●people of the same sex may sit or stand closer to each other than to somebody of the opposite sex;●strangers and casual acquaintances usually need more space than friends and members of the same family who know each other well;●in a noisy street people may need to stand closer than they would normally, simply in order to hear each other.Text comprehension:IV. Explain in your own words:1. The phrase “personal space” has a quaint, seventies ring to it ... (Paragraph 2)Paraphrase:The phrase “personal space” sounds old-fashioned and reminds one of the seventies ...Or: The phrase “personal space” has odd touch that was characteristic of the 1970s.2. ... I’ve wondered if it’s the season: T-shirt weather can make proximity more alluring (or much, much less).(Paragraph 4)Paraphrase:... it has passed through my mind that maybe the cause (of the space invasion) is the season: summer may make people want to be closer to those whose physical attraction is revealed by light summer clothing (though it may also make them wish to move further away from those smelling unpleasantly of perspiration).Or: In hot summer days people can be drawn to each other, especially to the opposite sex ( or feel disgusted with the closeness of others. )3. The logistics of it vary according to geography. (Paragraph 5)Paraphrase:People in different regions are given different sizes of personal space.4. ... individuals routinely commandeer booths and sets of facing seats meant for foursomes. (Paragraph 7) Paraphrase:... individuals, as usual, occupy the booths and seats which are designed for four people.Or: It is quite common that one person occupies a booth and a set of facing seats designed for four people.5. In the same way that the breeze from a butterfly’s wings in Japan may eventually produce a tidal wave in California, I have decided to expand the contracting boundaries of personal space. (Paragraph 9) Paraphrase:The author hopes that his own stand against the shrinking of personal space, while small in itself, will nonetheless eventually have a dramatic effect in the same way as the breeze from a butterfly’s wings in Japan, if it initiates a chain of waves, may eventually produce a tidal wave in California.I. Structural analysis of the textIn the text, the writer first points out the fact that nowadays people are more concerned about themselves and want to have a larger personal space than decades ago, and then he analyses the causes of space invasion.The text can be divided into three parts.Part I (Paragraphs 1 – 2):The writer calls the reader’s attention to the invasion of personal space by relating an experience of how his personal space was invaded.Part II (Paragraphs 3 –7): The writer analyzes some likely causes of the shrinkage of personal space, and attributes the invasion of personal space to the general decline of good manners. Part III (Paragraph 8 – 9): The author presents his view about the essence of personal space, i.e. it is psychological, rather than physical, and urges people to “expand the contracting boundaries of personal space”.II. Rhetorical features of the textA vivid and accurate description of the behaviour of the space invaders and those whose personal space is being invaded is achieved by a delicate selection of verbs. Some of the examples are as follows.Verbs and verbal phrases used to describe the behaviour of space invaders:- a man … started inching toward me … (Paragraph 1)- In elevators, people are wedging themselves in just before the doors close ... (Paragraph 3)- In movie theatres these days, people are staking a claim to both armrests, annexing all the elbow room ... (Paragraph 7)Verbs and verbal phrases used to describe the reaction of those whose space is being invaded:-I minutely advanced toward the woman… in front of me ... (Paragraph 1)Vocabulary:I.Explain the underlined part :1.drooping; loosened; slackened2.tone; sound3.already over-stimulated/ restless local people/ residents4.unfriendliness; cold-shoudering5.membership of a group or organizationII.Fill in the blanks:1.sidled up2.carve out3.attribute4.stake a claim5.tread on6.plowed into7.is proportional to8.breathing down their necksIII.Fill in the blanks:1.annoying2.intuition3.relented4.proliferatesmentably6.expansive7.routine8.shrinkageV. Synonym/Antonym1. As he did so, I minutely advanced toward the woman reading the Wall Street Journal in front of me.Antonym: significantly, considerably, incautiously2. I have decided to expand the contracting boundaries of personal space.Synonym: shrinking, receding, lessening3. Personal space is mostly a public matter.Antonym: private, personal, individual4. Manners, it seems to me, are about giving people space, not stepping on toes, granting people their private domain.Synonym: give; present, confer5. At my bank the other day, I was standing in a line snaking around some tired velvet ropes. Antonym: tightened, tense, rigid6. Lately, I’ve found that my personal space is being invaded more often than before. Synonym: recently, currently7. The phrase “personal space” has a quaint, seventies ring to it.Synonym: old-fashioned, odd, antiquated8. Like the twelve-mile limit around our national shores, personal space is our individual border beyond which no stranger can penetrate without making us uneasy.Synonym: uncomfortable, nervous, upsetVI. Explain the meaning:1.promotion2.endure3.willingly4.canceled5.the most important thing6.moderately warmGrammarI.Fill in the blank in each sentence:1. C2. B3. B4. A5. D6. B7. D8. BII. Correct mistakes:1.Can he be given the job permanently?2.It can’t be true. There must be some mistake.3.Correct4.Gold cannot be dissolved in hydrochloric acid.5.Correct6.Mary could have gone off with some friends.7.It’s not fair. Joe can stay up till ten and I have to go to bed at nine.8.Although Sue had a bad accident last year, she was able to take part in the hurdle races.9.I don’t agree with you, but there may be some sense in what you say.10.Despite yesterday’s snowfalls; we were able to drive home in less than an hour.III. Rewrite the following sentences:1.He is in poor health. He could/ may/ might/ can fall ill at any time.2.John looks pale today. He may be ill.3.Even experts can make mistakes.4.John could swim when he was five.5.Visitors could take photos of the castle.6.Could/ Can/ Might/ May I borrow your phone?7.Nobody knows where he is. He could/ may/ might be in the library or in the lab.8.John may have read the book on WWII.9.I looked everywhere but I couldn’t find my dictionary.10.Ken’s car had been stolen, so he couldn’t have given her a ride.plete the sentences:1.so2.not/ so3.does4.so5.one6.so7.do8.didbine:1.It is such a surprise that I can’t get over it.2.It was such horrible weather that we spent the whole day indoors.3.Poor Susan had such a bad headache that she couldn’t get to sleep.4.Jack was so out of breath that he couldn’t speak at first.5.The music was so loud that you could hear it from miles away.6.The shirts became so stiff that he couldn’t put them on.7.She made such a good meal that we all ate far too much.8.There was so much to do that nobody ever got bored.TranslationI.Translate into Chinese:1.在我看来，礼貌就是给别人空间，不冒犯别人，允许别人有隐私。

新世纪（第二版）综合B4U2-E（试卷总分：100分）Part I Listening Comprehension ( 7 minutes )Directions: In this section, you will hear several conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will bea pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), anddecide which is the best answer.∙1. A) There's not enough time to finish.该选项共0人选择B) The clock isn't working.该选项共1人选择C) The assignment will be ready on time.该选项共0人选择D) He can begin the work at six.该选项共0人选择∙∙∙Script: W: Do you think we can wrap up this report by five?M: Have you looked at the clock recently?Q: What does the man imply?∙该题共1人答题，答对0人，答错1人，正确率为0%，错误率为100%∙正确答案（2.00分）：A∙2. A) He might not catch his train.该选项共1人选择B) She should watch him as he leaves.该选项共0人选择C) He wants to know if she will miss him.该选项共0人选择D) He will stay with her.该选项共0人选择∙∙∙Script: W: I t's already a quarter to eleven.M: Uh oh. Watch me miss my train.Q: What does the man mean?∙该题共1人答题，答对1人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0% ∙正确答案（2.00分）：A∙3. A) An agent.该选项共0人选择B) A ship.该选项共0人选择C) A jet plane.该选项共1人选择D) A bomber.该选项共0人选择∙∙∙Script: M:The Boeing 747 is ready to take off.W:The what 747?Q:What is the 747 most likely to be?∙该题共1人答题，答对1人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0% ∙正确答案（2.00分）：C∙4. A) He lost it.该选项共1人选择B) He used it last night.该选项共0人选择C) He was the last to use it.该选项共0人选择D) He finally brought i t back.该选项共0人选择∙∙∙Script: M: Where did you put the iron?W: Frank had i t last.Q: What does the woman say about Frank and the iron?∙该题共1人答题，答对0人，答错1人，正确率为0%，错误率为100% ∙正确答案（2.00分）：C∙5. A) I t will probably rain tomorrow.该选项共1人选择B) It will rain much later in the week.该选项共0人选择C) He needs to buy another umbrella.该选项共0人选择D) The weather forecasters almost never agree.该选项共0人选择∙∙∙Script: W: Is it supposed to rain tomorrow?M: If you believe the weather broadcast, we'd better bring our umbrella.Q: What does the man mean?∙该题共1人答题，答对1人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0% ∙正确答案（2.00分）：A∙6. A) He was tired.该选项共0人选择B) His appointment was changed.该选项共0人选择C) His bicycle had a flat tyre.该选项共1人选择D) His bicycle was stolen.该选项共0人选择∙∙∙Script: W: Why are you so late? I've been waiting for more than a half hour.M: My bicycle had a flat tyre and I had to walk.Q: Why was the man delayed?∙该题共1人答题，答对1人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（2.00分）：C∙7. A) Mother and son.该选项共0人选择B) Shop assistant and customer.该选项共1人选择C) Doctor and patient.该选项共0人选择D) Teacher and student.该选项共0人选择∙∙∙Script: W: Next, please.M: I'd like a large white loaf and a small brown one, please.Q: What's the probable relationship between the two persons?∙该题共1人答题，答对1人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（2.00分）：B∙8. A) A shop assistant.该选项共0人选择B) A telephone operator.该选项共0人选择C) A taxi driver.该选项共1人选择D) A postal clerk.该选项共0人选择∙∙∙Script: W: Excuse me. I'd like to send this parcel to Seattle. Would you please tell me how much it would cost?M: It will cost you 8 dollars 90 cents by air and 4 dollars by normal post.Q: Whom is this woman probably speaking to?∙该题共1人答题，答对0人，答错1人，正确率为0%，错误率为100%∙正确答案（2.00分）：D∙9. A) Take a computer course.该选项共0人选择B) Visit the IBM company.该选项共0人选择C) Apply for a job with IBM.该选项共1人选择D) Show a friend around the campus.该选项共0人选择∙∙∙Script: M: I heard that IBM is going to be holding interviews on campus next week.W: Yeah? What day? I'd like to talk to them and drop off my resume.Q: What does the woman want to do?∙该题共1人答题，答对1人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（2.00分）：C∙10. A) The lost of some TV equipment.该选项共0人选择B) The delay in the delivery of certain goods.该选项共0人选择C) The improper functioning of the audi t department.该选项共0人选择D) The mistake made in the Atlantic Company's order.该选项共1人选择∙∙∙Script: M:Excuse me. I am from the Atlantic TV Appliances Company. I'd like to make some enquiries about our goods that we ordered two weeks ago.W:Oh yes ... but your order went to the audi t department by mistake. That's why there was a delay.Q:What problem are the two speakers talking about?∙该题共1人答题，答对0人，答错1人，正确率为0%，错误率为100%∙正确答案（2.00分）：BPart II Reading Comprehension ( 24 minutes )Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with several blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.∙The US software developer that claimed Green Dam-Youth Escort software infringed (侵犯……的权利)the copyright of their product is attempting to stop more computers 11 from using the software.California-based Solid Oak sent "cease and desist" letters to other US personal computer manufacturers besides Dell and Hewlett Packard, which had already received letters on Tuesday, Jenna DiPasquale, head of Solid Oak PR and Marketing, told China Daily yesterday. DiPasquale didn't provide the names of the computer manufacturers. Dell and HP had 12 received "cease and desist" letters from the company,13 them to stop distributing computers containing the alleged copied software on Tuesday.DiPasquale said yesterday she had no update yet on the possibility of filing suit in China against the two Chinese developers of Green Dam pornographic filter, Jinhui Computer System Engineering Co. and Dazheng Human Language Technology Co. But Solid Oak has been approached by several law firms in China who have 14 their services, according to DiPasquale.Zhang Chenmin, general manager of Jinhui, could not be reached for comment Thursday but said 15 this week that the software programs might have similarities but the code was not stolen. "After all, they areall well-known international pornographic websites that all porn-filters are meant to block. We didn't steal their programming code," Zhang said Sunday. An official of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) said the ministry had not received any 16 documents regarding Green Dam's possible lawsuit, so he 17 to make any comments yesterday.The Green Dam-Youth Escort software has been 18 , as the Chinese government paid 41.7 million yuan ($6 million) and ordered that the software must be included in all computers sold on the mainland from July 1."Despite the wide criticisms about the software, the Chinese government has responsibility to 19 the youngsters from harmful information from the Internet," the Foreign Ministry spokesman Qin Gang said yesterday. Qin refused to 20 on the copyright infringement claims against the software.∙11. ______________________∙该题共1人答题，答对1人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：O∙12. ______________________∙该题共1人答题，答对1人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：L∙13. ______________________∙该题共1人答题，答对1人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：K∙14. ______________________∙该题共1人答题，答对1人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：J∙15. ______________________∙该题共1人答题，答对1人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：I∙16. ______________________∙该题共1人答题，答对1人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：F∙17. ______________________∙该题共1人答题，答对1人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：H∙18. ______________________∙该题共1人答题，答对1人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：E∙19. ______________________∙该题共1人答题，答对1人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：C∙20. ______________________∙该题共1人答题，答对1人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：ASection BDirections: There are several passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B),C) and D). You should decide on the best choice.∙Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.People all over the world today are beginning to hear and learn more and more about the problems of pollution. Pollution is caused either by man's release of completely new and often artificial substances into the environment, or by releasing greatly increased amounts of a natural substance, such as oil from oil tankers into the sea.The whole industrial process which makes many of the goods and machines we need and use in our daily lives is bound to create a number of waste products which upset the environmental balance, or the ecological balance as it is also known. Many of these waste products can be prevented or disposed of sensibly, but clearly while more and more new and complex goods are produced, there will be new, dangerous wastes to be disposed of, for example, the waste products from nuclear power stations. Many people, therefore, see pollution as only part of a larger and more complex problem, that is, the whole process of industrial production and consumption of goods. Others again see the problem mainly in connection wi t h agriculture, where new methods are helping farmers grow more and more on their land to feed our ever-increasing populations. However, the land itself is gradually becoming worn out as it is being used, in some cases, too heavily, and artificial fertilizers cannot restore the balance.Whatever its underlying reasons, there is no doubt that much of the pollution caused could be controlled if companies, individuals and governments would make more efforts. In the home there is an obvious need to control litter and waste. Food comes wrapped up three or four times in packages that all have to be disposed of; drinks are increasingly so ld in bottles or tins which cannot be reused. This not only causes the litter problem, but also is a great waste of resources, in terms of glass, metals and paper.Advertising has helped this process by persuading many of us not only to buy things we neither want nor need, but also to throw away much of what we do buy. Pollution and waste combine to be a problem everyone can help to solve by cutting out unnecessary buying, excessive consumption and careless disposal of the products we use in our daily life.21. The main cause of pollution is ______________.A) the release of artificial or natural substances into the environment该选项共1人选择B) the production of new industrial goods该选项共0人选择C) increased amounts of a natural substance该选项共0人选择D) our ever-increasing population该选项共0人选择∙该题共1人答题，答对1人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（2.00分）：A22. What do you think will upset the environmental balance?A) Waste products.该选项共0人选择B) The whole industrial process.该选项共0人选择C) Some kinds of disposable goods.该选项共1人选择D) Some machines we need and use in our daily life.该选项共0人选择∙该题共1人答题，答对0人，答错1人，正确率为0%，错误率为100%∙正确答案（2.00分）：A23. Many people see pollution as only part of ___________.A) our daily life该选项共0人选择B) the environmental balance该选项共0人选择C) the consumption of goods by man该选项共0人选择D) the whole process of industrial production and consumption of goods该选项共1人选择∙该题共1人答题，答对1人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（2.00分）：D24. Much of the pollution could be controlled if ____________.A) people would pay more attention to the problem该选项共0人选择B) governments would take effective measures该选项共0人选择C) all sides concerned would make more efforts该选项共1人选择D) farmers would use less artificial fertilizers该选项共0人选择∙该题共1人答题，答对1人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（2.00分）：C25. People can help solve the problem of pollution by _________________.A) urging their governments to control litter and waste该选项共0人选择B) making anti-pollution advertisements该选项共0人选择C) cutting down the use of oil and other oil products该选项共0人选择D) reducing unnecessary buying, excessive consumption and careless disposal of wastes该选项共1人选择∙该题共1人答题，答对1人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（2.00分）：D∙Passage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Traditional plant breeding involves crossing varieties of the same species in ways they could cross naturally．For example, disease-resistant varieties of wheat have been crossed wi t h high-yield wheat to combine these properties. This type of natural gene exchange is safe and fairly predict able.Genetic engineering (GE) involves exchanging genes between unrelated species that cannot naturally exchange genes wi t h each other. GE can involve the exchange of genes between vastly different species — e.g. putting scorpion toxin genes into maize or fish antifreeze genes into tomatoes. It is possible thata scorpion toxin gene, even when it is in maize DNA, will still get the organism to produce scorpion toxin,but what other effects may it have in this alien environment？We are already seeing this problem —adding human growth hormone genes to pigs certainly makes them grow —but it also gives them arthritis and makes them cross-eyed, which was entirely unpredictable.It will be obvious, for example, that the gene for human intelligence will not have the same effect if inserted into cabbage DNA as it had in human DNA, but what side-effect would it have？In other words, is GM food(转基因食品)safe to eat？The answer is that nobody knows because long-term tests have not been carried out.Companies wanting a GM product approved in the UK or USA are required to provide regulatory bodies with results of their own safety tests．Monsanto's soya beans were apparently fed to fish for ten weeks before being approved. There was no requirement for independent testing, for long-term testing, for testing on humans or testing for specific dangers to children or allergic people.The current position of the UK Government is that "There is no evidence of long-term dangers from GM foods." In the US, the American Food and Drug Administration (AFDA) is currently being prosecuted for covering up research that suggested possible risks from GM foods．26. Genetic engineering ________.A) involves crossing varieties of the same species该选项共0人选择B) is safe and fairly predictable该选项共0人选择C) is dangerous and entirely unpredictable该选项共0人选择D) covers the exchange of genes between different species该选项共1人选择∙该题共1人答题，答对1人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（2.00分）：D27. According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?A) The side-effect of adding human growth hormone to pigs is that pigs may acquire some diseases ofhuman.该选项共0人选择B) Human intelligence gene functions differently in human DNA and in cabbage DNA.该选项共0人选择C) In the UK or USA, a GM product cannot be approved before the results of its safety tests areprovided.该选项共0人选择D) Tests show that GM foods have specific dangers to children or allergic people.该选项共1人选择∙该题共1人答题，答对1人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（2.00分）：D28. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A) There is no evidence of long-term dangers from GM foods.该选项共0人选择B) The UK government and the US government have different attitudes towards GM foods.该选项共0人选择C) The AFDA in the US was charged wi t h concealing some research findings.该选项共0人选择D) The governments of UK and US are protecting the GM foods.该选项共1人选择∙该题共1人答题，答对1人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（2.00分）：D29. The possible title for the passage might be .A) Safe to Eat?该选项共1人选择B) GM Food Needs该选项共0人选择C) Genetic Engineering该选项共0人选择D) A New Way of Breeding该选项共0人选择∙该题共1人答题，答对1人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（2.00分）：A30. What's the writer's attitude towards GM food?A) Neutral.该选项共1人选择B) Positive.该选项共0人选择C) Negative.该选项共0人选择D) Indifferent.该选项共0人选择∙该题共1人答题，答对0人，答错1人，正确率为0%，错误率为100%∙正确答案（2.00分）：CPart III Vocabulary and Structure ( 10 minutes )Directions: There are a number of incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.∙31. American consumers prefer whi t e eggs; _________, British buyers like brown eggs.A) additionally该选项共0人选择B) moreover该选项共0人选择C) conversely该选项共1人选择D) comparatively该选项共0人选择∙正确答案（1分）：C∙32. The team's attempt to win the game was _____ by the opposing goalkeeper.A) shocked该选项共0人选择B) frustrated该选项共1人选择C) given up该选项共0人选择D) caught up该选项共0人选择∙该题共1人答题，答对1人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：B∙33. By _______computation, he estimated that the repairs on the house would cost him a thousanddollars.A) coarse该选项共0人选择B) rude该选项共0人选择C) rough该选项共1人选择D) crude该选项共0人选择∙该题共1人答题，答对1人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：C∙34. A ___ woman wouldn't weep just because her husband had forgotten her birthday.A) reasonable该选项共0人选择B) rational该选项共1人选择C) unreasonable该选项共0人选择D) irrational该选项共0人选择∙该题共1人答题，答对1人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：B∙35. Agriculture was a step in human progress _______ which subsequently there was not anythingcomparable until our own machine age.A) in该选项共0人选择B) for该选项共0人选择C) to该选项共1人选择D) from该选项共0人选择∙该题共1人答题，答对1人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：C∙36. In Britain people _____________ four million tons of potatoes every year.A) consume该选项共1人选择B) dispose该选项共0人选择C) swallow该选项共0人选择D) exhaust该选项共0人选择∙正确答案（1分）：A∙37. He picked up a stick to ____ him _____ the dog.A) defend, with该选项共0人选择B) defend, from该选项共1人选择C) pretend, from该选项共0人选择D) defend, for该选项共0人选择∙该题共1人答题，答对1人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：B∙38. We have a relationship infinitely ____ to those of many of our friends.A) excellent该选项共0人选择B) superior该选项共1人选择C) primary该选项共0人选择D) prominent该选项共0人选择∙该题共1人答题，答对1人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：B∙39. I was annoyed, indeed _________, over what happened.A) satisfied该选项共0人选择B) terrified该选项共0人选择C) furious该选项共1人选择D) scared该选项共0人选择∙该题共1人答题，答对1人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：C∙40. Her music ____ moments of sudden quietness with moments of dramatic intensity.A) changes该选项共0人选择B) alternates该选项共1人选择C) fluctuates该选项共0人选择D) circles该选项共0人选择∙该题共1人答题，答对1人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：B∙41. Improved consumer confidence is _______ to the economic recovery.A) subordinate该选项共0人选择B) cumulative该选项共0人选择C) crucial该选项共1人选择D) satisfactory该选项共0人选择∙该题共1人答题，答对1人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：C∙42. At the party we found that shy girl ________ her mother all the time.A) depending on该选项共0人选择B) coinciding wi t h该选项共0人选择C) adhering to该选项共0人选择D) clinging to该选项共1人选择∙该题共1人答题，答对1人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：D∙43. The ______ of a cultural phenomenon is usually a logical consequence of some physical aspect in thelife style of the people.A) implementation该选项共0人选择B) expedition该选项共0人选择C) demonstration该选项共0人选择D) manifestation该选项共1人选择∙该题共1人答题，答对1人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：D∙44. No one can function properly if they are _______ of adequate sleep.A) deprived该选项共1人选择B) ripped该选项共0人选择C) stripped该选项共0人选择D) contrived该选项共0人选择∙该题共1人答题，答对1人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：A∙45. The ______ cycle of life and death is a subject of interest to scientists and philosophers alike.A) incompatible该选项共0人选择B) exceeding该选项共0人选择C) instantaneous该选项共0人选择D) eternal该选项共1人选择∙该题共1人答题，答对1人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：D∙46. In this poor country, survival is still the leading industry; all else is ___ .A) entertainment该选项共0人选择B) luxury该选项共1人选择C) refreshment该选项共0人选择D) happiness该选项共0人选择∙该题共1人答题，答对1人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：B∙47. The ink has _____ through the thin paper onto the picture beneath.A) soared该选项共0人选择B) softened该选项共0人选择C) soaked该选项共1人选择D) sobbed该选项共0人选择∙该题共1人答题，答对1人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：C∙48. In a ______ sense, civilization is measured by how well people can get along with each other and worktogether.A) large该选项共0人选择B) wide该选项共0人选择C) expansive该选项共0人选择D) broad该选项共1人选择∙该题共1人答题，答对1人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：D∙49. Lower tariffs(关税)and the growth of population and industry caused trade to ______ in the 19thcentury.A) soar该选项共0人选择B) ascend该选项共0人选择C) hover该选项共0人选择D) glide该选项共1人选择∙该题共1人答题，答对0人，答错1人，正确率为0%，错误率为100%∙正确答案（1分）：A∙50. Thanks to the advance of science, many ______ materials have been invented which can be usedinstead of natural rubber.A) analytic该选项共0人选择B) synthetic该选项共1人选择C) counterfeit该选项共0人选择D) synthesis该选项共0人选择∙该题共1人答题，答对1人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1分）：BPart IV Error Correction ( 10 minutes )Directions: In this passage, there are altogether 10 mistakes, one in each numbered line.To correct these mistakes, you may need to change, delete or add a word. If you change aword, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put an insertion mark (∧) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, cross it out and put a slash (/) in the blank. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided.∙The accuracy of scientific observations and calculationsis always at the mercy of the scientist's timekeeping methods.For this reason, scientists are interested in devices that give promiseof more precise timekeeping.In their research for precision, scientists have turned to 51. __________ atomic clocks that depend on various vibrated atoms or molecules 52. __________ to supply their "ticking" . This is possible so each kind 53. __________ of atom or molecule has its own characteristic rate of vibration.The nitrogen atom in ammonia(氨), for an example, vibrates or "ticks" 54. __________24 billion times a second.One such atomic clock is so accurate that it will probably losemore than a second in 3,000 years. It will be of great importance 55. __________ in fields such as astronomy. Cesium(铯)is an atom that vibrates 9.2billion times a second when heated to the temperature of boiled water. 56. __________ An atomic clock that operates with an ammonia molecule maybe used to check the accuracy of predictions based on Einstein'srelativity theories, according to i t a clock in motion and a clock 57. __________ in rest should keep time differently. Placed in an orbiting satellite58. __________ moving at a speed of 18,000 mile an hour, the clock could broadcast 59. __________ its time readings to a ground station, where they would be comparedwith the readings on a similar model. However differences develop 60. __________ would be checked against the differences predicted.∙51. ______________________∙该题共1人答题，答对1人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1.00分）：In their search for precision, scientists have turned to∙52. ______________________∙该题共1人答题，答对1人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1.00分）：atomic clocks that depend on various vibrating atoms or molecules∙53. ______________________∙该题共1人答题，答对1人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1.00分）： to supply their "ticking" . This is possible because each kind∙54. ______________________∙该题共1人答题，答对0人，答错1人，正确率为0%，错误率为100%∙正确答案（1.00分）： The nitrogen atom in ammonia(氨), for example, vibrates or "ticks"∙55. ______________________∙该题共1人答题，答对0人，答错1人，正确率为0%，错误率为100%∙正确答案（1.00分）：no more than a second in 3,000 years. It will be of great importance∙56. ______________________∙该题共1人答题，答对1人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1.00分）：billion times a second when heated to the temperature of boiling water.∙57. ______________________∙该题共1人答题，答对0人，答错1人，正确率为0%，错误率为100%∙正确答案（1.00分）：relativity theories, according to which a clock in motion and a clock∙58. ______________________∙该题共1人答题，答对0人，答错1人，正确率为0%，错误率为100%∙正确答案（1.00分）：in rest should keep time differently. Placed at an orbi t ing satellite∙59. ______________________∙该题共1人答题，答对1人，答错0人，正确率为100%，错误率为0%∙正确答案（1.00分）：moving at a speed of 18,000 miles an hour, the clock could broadcast∙60. ______________________∙该题共1人答题，答对0人，答错1人，正确率为0%，错误率为100%∙正确答案（1.00分）： with the readings on a similar model. Whatever differences develop∙Part V Translation ( 10 minutes )Directions: Translate the following sentences into English (with the given words or phrases).∙61. 真正的幸福意味着物质和精神双重的富有，而且我们应该更加注重后者。

Book 4 Unit 1 Man and Nature6) output 7) retreat 8) abandoned 9) trace 10) eternal 11) investment 12) transfer13) justify 14) nonetheless 15) contributions 16) accelerate 17) threatenP20 2. 1) show signs of 2) called upon 3) off limits 4) in fear of 5) slow down 6) cut down7) from head to foot 8) come by 9) lost out 10) As yet 11) resideP21 1. smoke+fog web+log breakfast+lunch medical +caremotor+hotel net+citizen science+fiction work+alcoholic5) modern primitive 6) natural synthetic 7) nearby distant 8) optimistic pessimistic2) He asked how we were getting along with our work.3) Jack said to me that I would be happy to know that his condition had improved.4) Rose asked Jack whether he was sure his mother would like the idea.5) He asked John how long he had been waiting for them.6) She said I needn't have done all that myself.P23 2. 1) The strikers protested to the police that they had no right to arrest them.2) He promised that he would give us whatever assistance we needed.3) He agreed (that) that was the best solution to the problem.4) My sister admitted that it was she who had broken the glass.5) He declared that he meant what he said and would never go back on his word.6) The man insisted that we give an explanation of what had happened.7) Mrs. Don't complained that no one showed concern for the elderly in that country.8) The sales manager explained that he couldn't give us a definite answer because he had not received instructions from hisP25 1. 1) The village is so close to the border that the villagers live in constant fear of attacks from the enemy.2) In only twenty years the country was transformed into an advanced industrial power.3) This company has evolved into one of the major chemical manufacturing bases in this region.4) Given the current financial situation, it is inevitable that the US dollar will be further devalued.5) The government's call for suggestions about the control of water pollution produced very little response from the citizens.6) The weather showed no signs of getting better so the government called upon us to get prepared for floods.7) At one time scientists thought that there was nothing smaller than an atom but now most people know that an atom consistsof even smaller particles.8) The students were all very much concerned about the World Cup, spending at least two hours every day watching the livematches on TV.9) The department store lost out because loans were very hard to come by and it could not start business on time.10) We can't go there for a walk because there is a navy base there, which is off limits to tourists.P26 2. Human brings live in the realm of nature. They are not only dwellers in nature, but also transformers of it. With the development of society and its economy, people tend to become less dependent on nature directly, but indirectly their dependence grows. Human beings are connected with nature by "blood" ties. No one can live outside nature. However, the previous dynamic balance between man and nature has shown signs of breaking down. Problems such as the population explosion, ecological imbalance and the shortage of natural resources have become major factors keeping human society from being further developed. Professor Spirkin holds that the only choice for human beings is the wise organization of productionSample essay: My Understanding of Environmental ProtectionMan and the environment are closely related. Man relies on the environment for water, food and shelter. A harmonious relationship between man and environment is essential for human survival on the earth.However, man and the environment have never b een on such bad terms as they are now. As society develops, man’s transformation of nature has severely polluted his living environment. Deforestation leads to changes in rainfall patterns, causing devastating floods, droughts and sandstorms. The discharge of chemical pollutants endangers our health and the lives of other beings. And mass production has resulted in the shortage of irreplaceable natural resources such as coal and oil. If we take no immediate and effective steps to protect our environment, human beings may be the next species to become extinct.We should do our best to protect our environment by planting more trees, taking care of wildlife, reducing industrial wastes, using renewable energy, and imposing heavy fines on environmentally-unfriendly activities, so as to preserve the environment for future generations.Book 4 Unit 2 Man and TechnologyP48 1. 1) monitor 2) phenomenon 3) isolation 4) gradual 5) opponent 6) advent7) genetic 8) consciously 9) extreme 10) nasty 11) boom 12) formal13) soar 14) survey 15) Similarly 16) modify 17) roughP49 2. 1) at the same time 2) are stuck with 3) for certain 4) make no difference 5) on average6) when it comes to 7) depends on 8) built into 9) come to mind 10) at workP49 1. 1) technological technology 2) eternal eternity 3) miraculous miracle 4) relevant relevance5) analytical analysis 6) luxurious luxury 7) leisurely leisure 8) subjective subject9) prosperous prosperity 10) innovative innovationP50 2. 1)multi-cultural 2) multi-faith 3) multiform 4) multifunction 5) multi-ethnic6) multilateral 7) multi-lingual 8) multimedia 9) multimillionaire 10) multinational1) a multi-faith society 2) a multi-lingual secretary 3) a multimillionaire4) a multinational motor-manufacturing corporation 5) a multifunction video camera6) a multi-ethnic community 7) a multimedia dictionary 8) multi-cultural education9) a multilateral trade negotiation 10) multiform technological cooperation3. 1) j 2) c 3) b 4) i 5) a 6) g 7) d 8) e 9) f 10) hP51 4. 1) creative creativity 2) cruel cruelty 3) equal equality 4) local locality 5) major majority6) minor minority 7) original originality 8) pure purity 9) regular regularity 10) superior superiority2) They would probably allow you to do the job if you were in better health.3) They wouldn’t work with such enthusiasm if they didn’t know what they were working for.4) I would have to look it up in the dictionary if I didn’t know the meaning of the word.5) She would understand what we say if she knew Chinese.6) I would be quite satisfied if you spoke with greater accuracy.P53 2. 1) If we knew where he was, we would try to get in touch with him.2) If it were not for the expense involved, we would go there by plane.3) If we were to miss the train, we would have to wait another four hours.4) If we pooled all our resources, we would have enough money to buy the equipment.1) emphasize 2) opposite 3) improved 4) luxuries 5) benefited6) obviously 7) consciously 8) fractures 9) eternal 10) groundbreakingP54 1. 1) He really knows a lot about theory, but when it comes to actual work, he seems to be quite ignorant.2) The latest survey shows / showed that the majority of the citizens support / supported the government’s plan to build a ne w library.3) The two countries could reach agreement successfully on scientific and technological cooperation because several factors favorable to their cooperation had been at work.4) I saw the film when I was in the primary school, but the title just won’t come to mind for the moment.5) He has been stuck with heavy debt though he works about twelve hours every day on average.6) Is it necessary to know his height? To me, it is not relevant to whether he can be a good lawyer or not.7) The cupboard is built into the wall so that it both saves space and is convenient to use.8) These workers earn more than we do, but the other side of the coin is their job is more dangerous.9) Helen majors in economics at the university and at the same time she studies philosophy as her second major.10) What is most important is that you must find out and solve the problems by yourselves. It makes no difference whether I go there or not.P55 2. Nowadays, many people are enjoying the benefits brought about by material and technological advances unimaginable in previous eras. With the development of science and technology, people’s standard of livi ng is getting higher and higher. People’s life expectancy has soared, too.However, oddly enough, many people do not feel happier than they used to be. It can be seen that there is no close correlation between people’s income and their happiness. Happiness cannot, after all, be bought with money.Although the majority of people are not very satisfied with their lives, they are happy to be alive, and the more time they get on earth, the better off they feel they’ll be. What is important is that material weal th is far from enough. People needAmong the many technological inventions, the mobile phone impresses me most.The mobile phone brings considerable convenience to our lives. It not only enables us to keep in touch with each other almost anytime and anywhere but also helps us solve problems or do business efficiently. In emergencies, a mobile phone can even be a life-saver. Besides, its multi-functions add ease and color to our lives. With a mobile phone, we can receive mail, read news, listen to music, play games, and take pictures.Yet, the mobile phone has its disadvantages, too. Most of us have experienced the nuisance of unwanted or wrong calls. We are inconvenienced by calls on occasions when we least expect one. Besides, the technology infrastructure to support mobile communication has consumed valuable natural resources and caused significant environmental problems. It is reported that electromagnetic radiation waves from the phone may result in health problems.Despite its negative side, the advantages of the mobile phone outweigh its disadvantages. I believe that with advances in science and technology, improved and safer models of mobile phones will surely serve us still better.Book 4 Unit 3 Knowledge and knowledge transferP75 1. d g e f b a h c9) predict 10) inevitably 11) absorbed 12) sheer 13) refining 14) paralyzed 15) exchangeP80 2. 1) In a way 2) act on 3) to such an extent that 4) opens up 5) close off 6) look intoP81 1. fax-facsimile fridge-refrigerator auto-automobile memo-memorandumburger-hamburger poli-sci - political science demo-demonstration sub-substitute; submarineflu-influenza zoo -zoological garden2. Kingdom 王国；领域fatherhood 父亲的身份（或资格）adulthood 成年brotherhood 手足之情，同胞之爱freedom 自由；自主dukedom 公爵的爵位likeliness可能性neighborhood 街坊，四邻；住宅区wisdom 智慧，才智womanhood 女子成年期；女子气质3. 1) positive 2) certain 3) less 4) unknown 5) completeP83 1. 1) If they hadn’t broken away from the out-of-date regulation, they wouldn’t have made great advances in their work.2) If t hey hadn’t taken proper care of her, she wouldn’t have recovered so rapidly.3) The conference wouldn’t have been so successful if we hadn’t made adequate preparations.4) We would have had a hard time if we hadn’t followed the right instructio ns.5) The flood would have caused great damage to our property if we hadn’t built so many reservoirs.6) They would have succeeded in the experiment if they had followed the right procedure.2. 1) If English hadn’t become a language of international business after World War II, most developing countries wouldn’t have required students to study it at school.2) If William hadn’t invaded England in 1066, the English language wouldn’t have had many words of French origin.3) If moder n English hadn’t developed from several different languages, the grammar and spelling rules wouldn’t have been so irregular.4) If England hadn’t been conquered by the Normans in 1066, French wouldn’t have become the main language of theP85 1. 1) Most people strongly believe that the court will no doubt punish the bank robbers severely.2) The medical workers overcame one difficulty after another in their long-term quest for a cure for the disease.3) Acting on the information they received, the police closed off the streets and caught the bank robbers.4) We were amazed at learning that the newly-built TV factory can produce 500,000 TV sets in the first year.5) The government is looking into the causes of so many layoffs and is trying to help the laid-off workers to be re-employed.6) To expand the sales of its product, the company has taken up various measures to open up new markets and to improve its services.7) He has neglected his studies to such an extent that I am afraid it is impossible for him to catch up with the other students in a month.8) The fireworks factory was closed last month for failing to comply with the government safety regulations.9) It remains to be seen whether our football team can beat its opponents.10) Mr. Smith predicted that the recent oil discoveries, together with the use / employment of new technologies, would lead to a decline in the price of crude oil.P86 2. We all know that knowledge is power but we are seldom aware of how difficult knowledge transfer is. According to Victoria Griffith, there are many barriers to knowledge transfer and lack of trust is one of the major ones.It seems to her that people are only to absorb knowledge readily from those they know and trust. For example, in the early 17th century, Galileo argued that the earth and other planets move around the sun, but this knowledge was rejected by the general populations at that time because the Italian over three hundred years ago trusted the Roman Catholic Church more than they trusted science. What was worse, Galileo had to spend the rest of his life under house arrest for his ideas.Knowledge transfer is a human phenomenon and plays a very important role in the process of human evolution. With the knowledge accumulated over generations, human beings can now build and transform societies with unprecedented knowledge resources.However, there are many barriers to knowledge transfer. For example, lack of trust and resistance to change undermine the transfer of knowledge. People are less likely to acquire knowledge from those whom they don’t trust or to adopt new theories and practices they are not familiar with. Cultural and language barriers also hamper the transfer of knowledge between nations or ethnic groups. It would be almost impossible for people who speak different languages or dialects with different cultural backgrounds to communicate effecitvely, not to mention exchanging knowledge.An underdeveloped economy is another barrier to knowledge transfer. The lack of socio-economic and techno-environmental cooperation, as well as poor communications infrastructure, can greatly hinder the flow of knowledge within and between nations.To remove these barriers, people should change their attitude towards knowledge transfer and the learning of foreign languages and cultures. At the same time, efforts should be made to develop a better world economy.Book 4 Unit 4 Work and careerP107 1. 1) mass 2) gambled 3) voluntary 4) hunted 5) classified 6) abolished 7) division 8) senseless 9) fashions 10)coordination 11) declarations 12) spanned 13)recommends/recommended14)moderately 15) slightestP109 2. 1) stands/stood a chance 2) ruled out 3) worthy of 4) gone through 5) in the strict sense6) At a guess 7) earns a living 8) coincide with 9) gone in for 10) got their teeth intoP109 planetary congratulatory祝贺的；contradictory矛盾的，对立的；customary通常的，习惯的，惯例的；documentary公文的，文件的；explanatory解释的；说明的；imaginary想象中的，虚构的；introductory介绍的，导言的；legendary传说（中）的，传奇的；migratory迁徙的，移居的；visionary有远见的；不实际的P110 1) imaginary 2) congratulatory 3) Migratory 4)documentary5) legendary 6) introductory 7) contradictory 8) explanatoryP111 2. 1) vocation 2) posts 3) trade 4) job 5) work 6) profession 7)career 8) positionP112 1. 1) I don’t remember having borrowed/ borrowing anything from you.2) She’ll stay here for a couple of weeks before going on to New York.3) The prospect of Profesor Smith’s coming to see us cheered us all.4) Jim, a man of strong character, naturally didn’t give in.5) Arriving at the school gate, ha found his classmates had already assembled.2. 1) He was afraid of falling behind the others..2) We were all amused at Henr y’s running after the dog in his slippers.3) Have they informed you of the change in the plan ?4) We’re grateful to you for having given us so much help.post of general manager of the company.2) She is very satisfied with her new job as it coincides with her interests.3) I bought this shirt because the price was reduced from 300 yuan to 80 yuan.4) To bring her children up, the mother really went through all kinds of hardships.5) The police have ruled out murder in the case of the old lady’s death.6) The municipal government promised to take effective steps as soon as possible to solve the problems of air pollution.7) I did not go in for the Campus Tennis Championships held last month because of my injured leg.8) If you can get the support of the majority of the girls, you stand a good chance of winning the election and becoming Chairman of the Students Union.9) Not all the books he wrote were as successful as this one so I recommend that you borrow it from the library and read it.10) At the 2004 Athens Olympic Games Liu Xiang won the championship of the men’s 110-meter hurdles and broke the world record, which had been previously held by an American athlete.P115 2. Some people think that they’ve fulfilled their tasks as long as they go on duty and come off duty on time. They never think about what is meant by “work” and why they should work at all. In fact, “work” involves such qualities as wisdom, enthusiam, imagination and creativity.To do his work well, a worker must have a spirit of dedication, and be capable of bearing hardships and standing hard work. In addition, he should have initiative and creativity. Having initiative means the worker should be ready to grasp every opportunity to display his outstanding ability.In addition, a worker should make clear the nature and significance of the work he does, be responsible for whatever he is doing and plunge himself into the work with vigorous enthusiasm. If he can do so, he willl find a job no longer a burden but an indispensable part of his life. Whatever he does, he can always find values and pleasure in the work and achieve extraordinaryWhen it comes to the choice of career different people consider the matter from different perspectives. Personally I prefer to be a teacher.I have three reasons for my decision. The first reason is that the profession of teaching is in agreement with my personality. Being an outgoing, patient and understanding person, I think I am able to communicate with my students and understand their feelings easily, which constitutes an important factor in ensuring success in teaching. The second reason is that I am interested in the job. It would always give me great joy and satisfaction to see the happy faces of my students, to share my knowledge and life experience with them and to participate in their process of growing up. The third reason is related to my occupational attitude. I always believe that school teachers all over the world are respected for their profound knowledge and higher social status. I have always held my teachers in respect and I hope I would be respected as a teacher, too, in the future.I think teaching is an ideal career for me. Being a university student now, I will work hard to realize my dream.Practice Test 1 Listening script on Page 275Keys on the textbook Page 279Book 4 Unit 5 Fame and Success8) publicity 9) sufficiently 10) sympathy 11) target 12) educate 13) commerce 14) alike15) bored 16) audiences 17) regard 18) assureP158 2. 1) thrown out 2) and so on 3) for dear life 4) dedicate himself to5) was tired of 6) turn away 7) hang on 8) for the sake ofP159 1. automate—automation housekeep—housekeeperbabysit— babysitter mass-produce — mass-productionbook-keep — book-keeping self-destruct — self-destructiondry-clean — dry-cleaning window-shop — window-shoppingedit— editor wordprocess— wordprocessorP159 2. 1) reached / secured 2) achieved / attained 3) attained / reached4) reach / secure 5) achieved / realized / fulfilled 6) fulfill / meet / satisfyP160 3. 1) dull 2) competitive 3) same 4) momentary 5) specificP160 1. 1) (real) subject 2) object to the verb “make”3) predicate 4) a ttribute modifying “opportunity”5) object complement 6) adverbial of purpose 7) adverbial of result 8) predicative9) attribute modifying “person”10) independent element2. 1) To become a famous writer 2) to take traveler’s checks3) to employ a young engineer4) take the machine apart 5) To understand the situation completely 6) to rise higher in position7) to find that the train had left 10 minutes before 8) to apply for a known job opening2) The president has announced that he will not seek re-election at the end of his first term.3) The young teacher is skilled at motivating his students to study hard.4) She loves giving parties and does os whenever she can find an excuse.5) I’m afraid that you’ll have to compete with at least fifty people for an administrative post in this company.6) To be frank, I don’t think you stand a good chance of getting promoted even i f you are loyal to the company.7) It was obvious that his speech aroused the sympathy of the audience for the victims of the earthquake.8) Though he has repeatedly assured me of his ability to promote our company’s products, I’ll give him another intervi ew before hiring him.9) The company’s investment ended in failure due to the wrong strategic decisions of the general manager and so the board of directors decided to throw him out.10) I know you are tired but try to hang on a little bit longer. We will reach the peak in half an hour.P164 2. Many people want to be famous because fame can bring them both honor and respect form the public. In mostcases, fame can also help them gain wealth. But, after all, very few people can really become famous while most people, including most artists, are unlikely to become famous.It is true that some failure for some people at certain times in their lives does motivate them to strive even harder so as to achieve final success. For example, Thomas Edison, the famous American inventor, had tried hundreds of materials before he finally found the suitable fuse for the electric bulb. However, unfortunately, for most people failure is the end of their struggle.Therefore, in my opinion, success is one thing and fame is an other. As long as you have tried your best, you’re alreadySample essay: Fame — Good or EvilFame has always been pursued by many people for the advantages it brings about. Fame can assure one of a high social status, high regard, great admiration, etc. Fame can also bring one wealth as a celebrity has more chances to earn big money. Besides, the applauses and flowers from the fans may boost one's self-confidence and increase one's sense of fulfillment.However, fame can ruin one's life, too. It deprives one of his privacy. As a public figure, he is often chased by fans and journalists, and his private life never escapes the media's attention or public curiosity. Fame also places one under great pressure. He has to work in line with public expectations and thus becomes the slave of his own success.So fame is a double-edged sword. I don't seek fame and I don't envy those who are famous. I highly appreciate what the American poet Henry Wadsworth Longfellow says about fame: "The talent of success is nothing more than doing well whatever you do without a thought of fame".Book 4 Unit 6 Attitudes to LifeP187 1. 1) commonplace 2)enduring 3)dim 4)command 5)imperfection 6)intensive 7)abandon 8)finite9)mean 10)weaving 11)additional 12)aspiration 13)gratitude 14)endless 15)faithful 16)committedP188 2. 1) live on 2)dawned upon 3)live by 4)is invested with 5)hold fast to6)all too 7)step aside 8)set out 9)to and fro 10)work atP189 1.alternative comparative creative defensive constructive effective explosive impressive initiative relative1) take effective measures 2) a new kind of explosive 3) the only alternative 4) defensive weapons5) an impressive speech 6) a comparative study of Chinese and western cultures 7) take the initiative to donate blood8) a creative musician 9) a distant relative 10) a constructive proposal2. additional—add pleasant—please beautiful—beautify prosperous—prospercontradictory—contradict radiant—radiant deaf—deafen relentless—relentdifferent—differ respectful—respect intensive—intensify sparkling—sparkleminimal—minimize wonderful—wonder opposite—oppose withered—wither3. 1) provide care (for); receive care; take care; take care of2) give sb. A chance; have a/ the chance; stand a chance (of)3) show concern for; express concern about; voice one’s concern4) agree to one’s demand; give in to one’s demand; give up a demand; make demands on; meet a demand; satisfy a demand5) accumulate experiences; acquire an experience; gain experience; learn from experience6) be filled with fear; be seized with fear; express fear; live in fear (of); for fear of; for fear that (clause)7) accept gift; exchange gifts with; give a gift; present sb. with a gift; receive a gift8) arouse hope; boost one’s hope; bring/give hope to sb.; fulfill a/ the hope; lose hope; raise one’s hope9) build up one’s strength; develop/ find /gain/gather/save one’s strengthP191 2. 1) Emma is an expert in/ on organic farming.2) There is a greater demand for cars these days.3) The computer has had a great impact on our modern life.4) Henry has a talent for making people laugh.5) Many people in this country are demanding a reduction in taxes.P191 1) wither 2) sense 3) faithful 4) commit 5) aspirations 6) gratitude 7) dawns 8) accumulatedcountry on behalf of his government.2) All the way on the train I had been preoccupied with the result of the term examination until the conductor reminded me of the arrival of my destination.3) Although her husband’s name did not appear on the list of the people who got killed in the traffic accident, she kept walking to and fro, anxious to see him back home sooner .4) I was setting out to translate the contract into English when it dawned upon me that both parties involved were Chinese companies.5) At the party, people sang and danced with abandon, totally forgetting the troubles in their lives .6) With the great aspirations to become an astronaut, Jackson committed himself to the 2-year strenuous constitution training.7) His paintings, drawing on timeless fairy stories, exemplified the Europeans’ taste of that period.8) The bus driver didn’t want to take any responsibility for the ac cident and so he took every means to put the blame on the passengers on board.9) He not only risked his own life to save the old man from the burning house but made some room in his own house for him to settle down.10) From childhood, she tried to live by the teachings of her parents and gradually accumulated a set of standards of conduct.P193 2. What is truth? Truth is the correct reflection of people’s knowledge about the objective world and its laws. Truth makes people full of hope and life full of brilliance and glory. Therefore, many people regard the pursuit of truth as the ultimate goal of their lives to the truth and make understanding contributions to mankind.Truth is both absolute and relative. We say that truth is absolute because truth can objectively reflect the essential of things. However, any truth is but people’s correct understanding of the development of things at a certain stage. Therefore, truth is relative and develops constantly.Sometimes, the brilliance of truth may dim but it will never die out. For some people, truth may seem beyond their reach.People hold different attitudes towards life. Some take a positive attitude and they always appreciate the beauty of life with zeal and gratitude. Some take a negative attitude towards life and any slight trouble in life may seem like the end of the world to them.A positive attitude ensures a happy, successful and healthy life. With a positive attitude, people find it easy to accept challenges and overcome obstacles while maintaining peace of mind. Besides, a positive attitude boosts their self-esteem, lifts their morale and helps them fulfill their commitments both in their career and in their everyday life. Moreover, medical research shows that positive thinking can improve the immune system and strengthen the body's resistance to diseases.There are several ways to develop a positive attitude towards life. One needs to think positively, read uplifting stories, hang around with optimistic people, give up jealousy, and participate in meaningful activities. By building a positive attitude towards life, one can enjoy a happy, successful and healthy life.。

Unit.1Shortly after the government’s new policy was put into effect , the economy of our co untry began to show signs of recovery. 后不久，政府的新政策付诸实施，我国经济开始出现复苏迹象。

2. The citizens have called upon the local authorities to minimize environmental destr uction by banning the use of all poisonous chemicals immediately. 市民呼吁地方当局立即禁止所有有毒化学物质的使用，以尽量减少对环境的破坏3. It’s known to all that military bases are off limits to outsiders. 它是已知的限制外人的所有军事基地。

4. She never participated in any violent sports games in fear of getting injured. 她从来不参加任何剧烈运动游戏中得到受伤的恐惧。

5. It seems that all of us are rushing around trying to get things done in a hurry—we all need to slow down and take it easy. 看来，我们所有人都在四处奔波，试图把事情做在赶时间，我们都需要慢下来，很容易。

6. Many trees in this area have been cut down to make room for buildings ,which has worsened our living environment. 在这一领域的许多树木被砍伐，使建筑物的房间，我们的生活环境恶化。

心之所向，所向披靡Unit 2 Book 4Technology and Happiness1. Difficult sentences1) (LL24~25) But it’s been left largely unexamined by economists and social scientists.What does “it” refer to here?(= It refers to the relationship between happiness and technology.)Paraphrase this sentence.(=But economists and social scientists have hardly examined the relationship between happiness and technology at all.)2) (LL25~29) The truly groundbreaking work on the relationship between prosperity andwell-being was done by the economist Richard Easterlin, who in 1974 wrote afamous paper entitled “Does Economic Growth Improve the Human Lot?”What is the meaning of “lot”?(=It means fortune in life.)How is the paper of great significance?(= As a work on the relationship between prosperity and well-being, it is innovative.)Translate this sentence into Chinese.(=经济学家理查德·伊斯特林在经济繁荣和幸福的关系方面进行了具有开拓性的研究，并于1974年发表了一篇题为“经济增长改变人类命运吗？”的著名论文。

Unit1Working with words and expressions 1. 2. clozeTranslationAnswers to Unit 2 Book 4Unit Two Man and TechnologyWords in ActionWorking with Words and Expressions1. 1) monitor 2) phenomenon 3)isolation 4) gradual 5) opponent6) advent 7) genetic 8) consciously 9) extreme 10) nasty11) boom 12) formal 13) soar14) survey 15) Similarly16) modify 17) rough2. 1) at the same time 2) are stuck with 3) for certain 4) make no difference 5) on average 6) when it comes to 7) depends on 8) built into 9) come to mind 10) at workIncreasing Your Word Power1.AdjectivesNounsAdjectivesNouns1) technologicaltechnology6) luxuriousluxury2) eternaleternity7) leisurelyleisure3) miraculousmiracle8) subjectivesubject4) relevantrelevance9) prosperousprosperity5) analyticalAnalysis10) innovativeinnovation2. 2) multi-faith 3) multiform 4) multifunction 5)multi-ethnic 6) multilateral7) multi-lingual 8) multimedia 9) multimillionaire 10) multinational1) a multi-faith society 2) a multi-lingual secretary 3) a multimillionaire4) a multinational motor-manufacturing corporation 5)a multifunction video camera6) a multi-ethnic community 7) a multimedia dictionary8) multi-cultural education9) a multilateral trade negotiation 10) multiform technological cooperation3. 1) j 2) c 3) b 4) i 5) a 6)g 7) d 8) e 9) f 10) h4.AdjectivesNounsAdjectivesNouns1) creativecreativity6) minorminority2) cruel cruelty7) original originality3) equal equality 8) pure purity4) local locality9) regular regularity5) major majority 10) superior superiority1) superiority 2) equality 3) originality 4) minority5) Creativity 6) purity 7) crueltyGrammar Review1. 1) My mother would not be worried about me if she knew whatmy life was like.2) They would probably allow you to do the job if you were in betterhealth.3) They wouldn’t work with such enthusiasm if they didn’t know whatthey were working for.4) I would have to look it up in the dictionary if I didn’t know the meaning of the word.5) She would understand what we say if she knew Chinese.6) I would be quite satisfied if you spoke with greater accuracy.2. 1) If we knew where he was, we would try to get in touch withhim.2) If it were not for the expense involved, we would go there by plane.3) If we were to miss the train, we would have to wait another four hours.4) If we pooled all our resources, we would have enough money to buythe equipment.5) If he didn’t have a strong love for the handicapped children, hewouldn’t be working so tirelessly for them.Cloze1) emphasize 2) opposite 3) improved4) luxuries 5) benefited6) obviously 7) consciously 8) fractures 9) eternal 10) groundbreaking11) entitled 12) correlation 13) depends 14) exclusivelyTranslation1. 1) He really knows a lot about theory, but when it comes to actual work,he seems to be quite ignorant.2) The latest survey shows / showed that the majority of the citizenssupport / supported the government’s plan to build a new library.3) The two countries could reach agreement successfully on scientific and technological cooperation because several factors favorable to their cooperation had been at work.4) I saw the film when I was in the primary school, but the title just won’tcome to mind for the moment.5) He has been stuck with heavy debt though he works about twelvehours every day on average.6) Is it necessary to know his height? To me, it is not relevant to whetherhe can be a good lawyer or not.7) The cupboard is built into the wall so that it both saves space and is convenient to use.8) These workers earn more than we do, but the other side of the coin is their job is more dangerous.9) Helen majors in economics at the university and at the same time she studies philosophy as her second major.10) What is most important is that you must find out and solve the problems by yourselves. It makes no difference whether I go there or not.2.Nowadays, many people are enjoying the benefits brought about by material and technological advances unimaginable in previous eras. With the development of science and technology, people’s standard of living is getting higher and higher. People’s life expectancy has soared, too.However, oddly enough, many people do not feel happier than they used to be. It can be seen that there is no close correlation between people’sincome and their happiness. Happiness cannot, after all, be bought with money.Although the majority of people are not very satisfied with their lives, they are happy to be alive, and the more time they get on earth, the better off they feel they’ll be. What is important is that material wealth is far from enough. People need spiritual happiness, too.Theme-related WritingSample Essay:The Impact of the Mobile Phone on People’s livesAmong the many technological inventions, the mobile phone impresses me most.The mobile phone brings considerable convenience to our lives. It not only enables us to keep in touch with each other almost anytime and anywhere but also helps us solve problems or do business efficiently. In emergencies, a mobile phone can even be a life-saver. Besides, its multi-functions add ease and color to our lives. With a mobile phone, we can receive mail, read news, listen to music, play games, and takepictures.Yet, the mobile phone has its disadvantages, too. Most of us have experienced the nuisance of unwanted or wrong calls. We are inconvenienced by calls on occasions when we least expect one. Besides, the technology infrastructure to support mobile communication has consumed valuable natural resources and caused significant environmental problems. It is reported that electromagnetic radiation waves from the phone may result in health problems.Despite its negative side, the advantages of the mobile phone outweigh its disadvantages. I believe that with advances in science and technology, improved and safer models of mobile phones will surely serve us still better.(184 words)key to unit 3 book 4WORDS IN ACTIONWorking With Words and Expressions1. 1) quest 2) remained 3) consume 4) likewise5) vessel 6) qualify7) stiff 8) collapsed9) predict 10) inevitably 11) absorbed 12) sheer13) refining 14) paralyzed 15) exchange2. 1) In a way 2) act on3) to such an extent that4) opens up 5) close off 6)look intoIncreasing Your Word Power1.Clipped wordsOriginal formsClipped wordsOriginal formsfaxfacsimilefridgerefrigeratorautoautomobilememo memorandumburgerhamburgerPoli-sciPolitical sciencedemo demonstrationsubSubstitute; submarine fluInfluenzazooZoological garden 2.Nouns / AdjectivesSuffixes Uncountable Nouns Chinese Meaningsking-dom / -hoodKingdom王国；领域fatherfatherhood父亲的身份（或资格）adultadulthood成年brotherbrotherhood手足之情，同胞之爱freefreedom自由；自主dukedukedom公爵的爵位likelylikeliness可能性neighbor neighborhood街坊，四邻；住宅区wisewisedom智慧，才智womanwomanhood女子成年期；女子气质3. 1) positive2) certain3) less4) unknown5) complete6) infinite7) hopeless8) modern9) individual10) contradictoryGRAMMAR REVIEW1. 1) If they hadn’t broken away from the out-of-date regulation, they wouldn’t have made great advances in their work.2) If they hadn’t taken proper care of her, she wouldn’t have recovered so rapidly.3) The conference wouldn’t have been so successful if we hadn’t made adequate preparations.4) We would have had a hard time if we hadn’t followed the right instructions.5) The flood would have caused great damage to our property if we hadn’t built so many reservoirs.6) They would have succeeded in the experiment if they had followed the right procedure.2. 1) If English hadn’t become a language of international business after World War II, most developing countries wouldn’t have required students to study it at school.2) If William hadn’t invaded England in 1066, the English language wouldn’t have had many words of French origin.3) If modern English hadn’t developed from several different languages, the grammar and spelling rules wouldn’t have been soirregular.4) If England hadn’t been conquered by the Normans in 1066,French wouldn’t have become the main language of the ruling class atthat time.CLOZE1. 1) topic 2) creates 3) really 4) grasp5) sure 6) opposite7) contradictory 8) reality9) physical 10) rigidity 11) individual 12) humility13) rainbow 14) falsehoodTRANSLATION1. 1) Most people strongly believe that the court will no doubt punish thebank robbers severely.2) The medical workers overcame one difficulty after another in theirlong-term quest for a cure for the disease.3) Acting on the information they received, the police closed off thestreets and caught the bank robbers.4) We were amazed at learning that the newly-built TV factory can produce 500,000 TV sets in the first year.5) The government is looking into the causes of so many layoffs and is trying to help the laid-off workers to be re-employed.6) To expand the sales of its product, the company has taken up various measures to open up new markets and to improve its services.7) He has neglected his studies to such an extent that I am afraid it is impossible for him to catch up with the other students in a month.8) The fireworks factory was closed last month for failing to comply with the government safety regulations.9) It remains to be seen whether our football team can beat its opponents.10) Mr. Smith predicted that the recent oil discoveries, together with the use / employment of new technologies, would lead to a decline in the price of crude oil.2.We all know that knowledge is power but we are seldom aware of how difficult knowledge transfer is. According to Victoria Griffith, there are many barriers to knowledge transfer and lack of trust is one of the major ones.It seems to her that people are only to absorb knowledge readilyfrom those they know and trust. For example, in the early 17th century, Galileo argued that the earth and other planets move around the sun, but this knowledge was rejected by the general populations at that time because the Italian over three hundred years ago trusted the Roman Catholic Church more than they trusted science. What was worse, Galileo had to spend the rest of his life under house arrest for his ideas.Victoria Griffith reminds us that knowledge transfer is still a tough problem although we are living in the “knowledge era.”THEME-RELATED WRITINGSample Essay:Knowledge transfer is a human phenomenon and plays a very important role in the process of human evolution. With the knowledge accumulated over generations, human beings can now build and transform societies with unprecedented knowledge resources.However, there are many barriers to knowledge transfer. For example, lack of trust and resistance to change undermine the transfer of knowledge. People are less likely to acquire knowledge from those whomthey don’t trust or to adopt new theories and practices they are not familiar with. Cultural and language barriers also hamper the transfer of knowledge between nations or ethnic groups. It would be almost impossible for people who speak different languages or dialects with different cultural backgrounds to communicate effecitvely, not to mention exchanging knowledge.An underdeveloped economy is another barrier to knowledge transfer. The lack of socio-economic and techno-environmental cooperation, as well as poor communications infrastructure, can greatly hinder the flow of knowledge within and between nations.To remove these barriers, people should change their attitude towards knowledge transfer and the learning of foreign languages and cultures. At the same time, efforts should be made to develop a better world economy. (190 words)The Answers to Book4---Unit4Enhance Your Language Awareness(I) Working with Words and Expressions1. (1) mass (2) gambled (3) voluntary (4) hunted (5) classified (6) abolished (7) division (8) senseless(9) fashions (10)coordination (11) declarations (12) spanned (13)recommends/recommended (14)moderately (15) slightest2. (1) stands/stood a chance (2) ruled out (3) worthy of(4) gone through (5) in the strict sense (6) At a guess (7) earns a living (8) coincide with (9) gone in for (10) got their teeth into(II) Increasing Your Word Power1.(1) imaginary (2) congratulatory (3) Migratory (4)documentary(5) legendary (6) introductory (7) contradictory (8) explanatory2. (1) vocation (2) posts (3) trade (4) job(5) work (6) profession (7)career (8) position3. (2)lawyer (3)electrician (4) philosopher (5) musician(6) engineer (7) surgeon (8) cashier (9) photographer (10) biologist Grammar1(1) I don’t remember having borrowed/ borrowing anything from you.(2) She’ll stay here for a couple of weeks before going on to New York.(3) The prospect of Profesor Smith’s coming to see us cheered us all.(4) Jim, a man of strong character, naturally didn’t give in.(5) Arriving at the school gate, ha found his classmates had already assembled.2(1) He was afraid of falling behind the others..(2) We were all amused at Henry’s running after the dog in his slippers.(3) Have they informed you of the change in the plan ?(4) We’re greatful to you for having given us so much help.(5) We assured them of our willingness to cooperate with them. (III) Cloze(1) enjoy (2)physical (3)compelled (4) necessity (5) support (6) mental (7) idealize (8) status (9) values(10) classified (11) essential (12) mind (13) attitude (14) fortunate(IV) Translation1. Sentence translation(1) As more and more details of her private life were disclosed by the media, she was compelled to resign from the post of general manager of the company.(2) She is very satisfied with her new job as it coincides with her interests.(3) I bought this shirt because the price was reduced from 300 yuan to 80yuan.(4) To bring her children up, the mother really went through all kinds of hardships.(5) The police have ruled out murder in the case of the old lady’s death.(6) The municipal government promised to take effective steps as soon as possible to solve the problems of air pollution.(7) I did not go in for the Campus Tennis Championships held last month because of my injured leg.(8) If you can get the support of the majority of the girls, you stand a good chance of winning the election and becoming Chairman of the Students Union.(9) Not all the books he wrote were as successful as this one so I recommend that you borrow it from the library and read it.(10) At the 2004 Athens Olympic Games Liu Xiang won the championship of the men’s 110-meter hurdles and broke the world record, which had been previously held by an American athlete.\2. Paragraph translationSome people think that they’ve fulfilled their tasks as long as they go on duty and come off duty on time. They never think about what is meant by“work” and why they should work at all. In fact, “work” involves such qualities as wisdom, enthusiam, imagination and creativity.To do his work well, a worker must have a spirit of dedication, and be capable of bearing hardships and standing hard work. In addition, he should have initiative and creativity. Having initiative means the worker should be ready to grasp every opportunity to display his outstanding ability.In addition, a worker should make clear the nature and significance of the work he does, be responsible for whatever he is doing and plunge himself into the work with vigorous enthusiasm. If he can do so, he willl find a job no longer a burden but an indispensable part of his life. Whatever he does, he can always find values and pleasure in the work and achieve extraordinary results in otherwise ordinary work.The Answers to Book4---Unit5Enhance Your Language Awareness(I) Working with Words and Expressions1. (1) fortune (2) dull (3) chased (4) launched(5) finance (6) reputation (7) liberty (8) publicity(9) sufficiently (10) sympathy (11) target (12) educate (13) commerce (14) alike (15) bored (16) audiences(17) regard (18) assure2. (1) thrown out (2) and so on (3) for dear life (4) dedicate himself to (5) was tired of (6) turn away (7) hang on (8) for the sake of(II) Increasing Your Word Power1.Back-formation Original word Back-formation Original wordautomate automation housekeep housekeeperbabysit babysitter mass-produce mass-productionbook-keepbook-keeping self-destruct self-destructiondry-cleandry-cleaningwindow-shopwindow-shoppingediteditorwordprocesswordprocessor2. (1) reached / secured (2) achieved / attained (3) attained / reached(4) reach / secure (5) achieved / realized / fulfilled (6) fulfill / meet / satisy3. (2) competitive (3) same (4) momentary (5) specific(6) sufficient (7) cruel (8) humble (9) famous (10) reasonable Grammar Review1(1) (real) subject(2) object to the verb “make”(3) predicate(4) attribute modifying “opportunity”(5) object complement(6) adverbial of purpose(7) adverbial of result(8) predicative(9) attribute modifying “person”(10) independent element2(1) To become a famous writer(2) to take traveler’s checks(3) to employ a young engineer(4) take the machine apart(5) To understand the situation completely(6) to rise higher in position(7) to find that the train had left 10 minutes before(8) to apply for a known job opening(9) to make trouble(10) To be more exact(III) Cloze(1) chase (2) reputation (3) dedicate (4) reward (5) sufficiently(6) measured (7) assure (8) Momentary (9) celebrity(10) target (11) frank (12) liberty (13) illusory (14) regard(IV) Translation1. Sentence translation(1) He attempted to save the enterprise which was on the venge of collapse but failed.(2) The president has announced that he will not seek re-election at the end of his first term.(3) The young teacher is skilled at motivating his students to study hard.(4) She loves giving parties and does os whenever she can find an excuse.(5) I’m afraid that you’ll have to compete with at least fifty people for an administrative post in this company.(6) To be frank, I don’t think you stand a good chance of gettingpromoted even if you are loyal to the company.(7) It was obvious that his speech aroused the sympathy of the audience for the victims of the earthquake.(8) Though he has repeatedly assured me of his ability to promote our company’s products, I’ll give him another interview before hiring him.(9) The company’s investment ended in failure due to the wrong strategic decisions of the general manager and so the board of directors decided to throw him out.(10) I know you are tired but try to hang on a little bit longer. We will reach the peak in half an hour.2. Paragraph translationMany people want to be famous because fame can bring them both honor and respect form the public. In most cases, fame can also help them gain wealth. But, after all, very few people can really become famous whilemost people, including most artists, are unlikely to become famous.It is true that some failure for some people at certain times in their livesdoes motivate them to strive even harder so as to achieve final success.For example, Thomas Edison, the famous American inventor, had triedhundreds of materials before he finally found the suitalbe fuse for theelectric bulb. However, unfortunately, for most people failure is the endof their struggle.Therefore, in my opinion, success is one thing and fame is another. Aslong as you have tried your best, you’re already successful whether youare famous or not.Uint6Working with words and expressions 1. 2. clozeTranslationUint7Working with words and expressions 1. 2. clozeTranslationUint8Working with words and expressions 1. 2. clozeTranslation。

新世纪大学英语综合教程42单元Unit2 课后题答案全（原文带翻译）Unit2（working with words and expressions）1..Advent 到来isolation隔离boom繁荣formal正式gradual逐步nasty讨厌的phenomenon现象productivity生产力rough粗糙similarly同样survey调查universal通用extreme 极端genetic 遗传modify 修改opponent对手1.studies show that if a working environment is pleasant，表明，如果工作环境舒适，生产率的提高。

2. Private space travel is a relatively Its difficult at the moment to assess its effects. 私人太空旅行是一个相对新的现象。

这是在困难的时刻，以评估其影响。

3. All of us need to build up relationships with others unless我们都需要建立与他人的关系，除非我们选择住在离外面的世界完全隔离。

4. Since sending her child to the kindergarten, she has beenless self-centered now. 送孩子到幼儿园以来，她一直高兴地看到一个男孩的性格逐渐改变，他似乎少了以自我为中心。

5.As an active environmentalist, Davis has earned areputation as an outspoken of any kind of nuclear waste dumping at sea. 作为一个活跃的环保，戴维斯赢得了声誉，作为一个在海上倾倒核废料的任何一种坦率的对手。