Lecture 5
英汉动态和静态的差异 及翻译中的词性转化
一、英汉之别:静动之分
英语倾向于多用名词,因而叙述成静态(stative);汉语倾 向于多用动词,因而叙述成动态(dynamic)。Quirk对静态 和动态的解释如下 Broadly speaking, nouns can be characterized naturally as „stative‟ in that they refer to entities that are regarded as stable, whether these are concrete (physical) like house, table, paper or abstract (of the mind) like hope, botany, length. At the opposite pole, verbs can be equally naturally characterized as „dynamic‟: they are fitted (by their capacity to show tense and aspect, for example) to indicate action, activity and temporary or changing conditions. These relations between the open classer can be summarized thus: STATIVE noun adjective | | DYNAMIC verb adverb
我被老师叫到办公室去作检讨。=我被老师叫+ 我到办公室去+我作检讨,被字式与连动式套叠 I was called to the office by the teacher to make a self-criticism.