44. Developing Market Share开发市场份额

Organisation Behavior1. Organisation (英式) n. 组织2. Organization （美式) n. 组织3. Organisational structure n. 组织结构4. Formal organisation 正式组织5. Informal organisation 非正式组织6. span of control n. 控制幅度7. centralisation n. 中央集权8. Decentralisation n. 分权9. Formalisation n. 正规化10. Departmentalisation n. 部门化11. Distinct adj. 截然不同的,显著的12. Appliance n.家用器具13. Diversity n. 多样性14. Feature n. 特点15. Distinguish v. 区别,辨别16. Preference n. 偏爱17. Semiconductor n. 半导体18. Latin n. 拉丁语,拉丁语系19. Similar adj. 类似的20. Project n. 项目21. Spring v. 开始活动22. Supplier n. 供应商23. Provider n. 提供者24. Typical adj. 典型的25. Task n. （常为困难的）工作，任务26. Staff n. 员工，全体工作人员27. Influence n.影响，影响力 v.影响28. Responsible adj. 负责的，责任重大的29. Manufacture v. 用机器制造，生产30. Virtual organisation 虚拟组织31. Subordinate n.部门、属下32. Fluctuate v.波动、涨落33. Specific adj. 明确的、特定的34. Characterise v. 塑造，表现……的特征35. Spontaneous adj. 自动的，自然发生的36. Mechanism n. 机制、机构37. Hierarchy n. 等级制度38. Geography n. 地理学、地形39. Geographic adj. 地理的40. Divisional adj. 分支的41. stakeholders n. 权益人42. establishment n. 建立43. represent v. 代表44. explicit adj. 明确的45. franchise n. 特许权46. empowerment n. 授权47. matrix n. 矩阵48. combination n. 联合,结合49. alliance n. 联盟50. organisational chart 公司组织结构设置51. overlay n. 覆盖52. human resource management 人力资源管理53. flat organisation 扁平组织54. tall organisation 锥形组织55. row n. 一行，一排56. quality circle 质量圈57. delayering n. 精简机构58. executive n. 行政官，决策人59. brainstorming n. 头脑风暴60. minimal adj. 最低限度61. Exude v. 充分显露(感情或特质)62. Performance n. 表现63. Premium n.重视，注重64. Career n.职业生涯65. Maximum adj.最大的，最多的66. Maximise v. 把（某物）增加到最大限度67. Intent n. 意图，目的68. Empower v. 授权给（某人做某事）69. Retailer n. 零售商70. Spartan n.斯巴达人，adj简朴的71. Cubicle n. 由大房间分割而成的小室72. Aspect n. 方面73. Legend n. 传奇故事，民间传说74. Rituals n. 仪式75. Ceremony n. 典礼，仪式76. Physical adj. 物质的77. security n. 安全,保安措施78. Identification n.身份证明79. Badge n. 徽章（金属或塑料制成，表示职业身份等）80. organisational culture 组织文化81. Personality n.个性,性格82. perception n.直觉,洞察力83. Attitude n.态度84. Aptitude n.资质85. Distinction n.差别86. Intelligence n.理解力87. Symptom n.症状88. Resistance n.反抗,抵抗89. Overcome v.战胜,克服90. Natural adj.自然的91. Contrast n.差异92. Conscientious adj.尽责的93. undirected adj. 缺乏指导的94. Antagonism n.对抗95. Neurotic adj.焦虑的,神经过敏的96. Dimension n. 部分97. Hostility n.敌对98. Neurosis n. 神经症99. Work behaviour 工作行为100. Work context 工作背景101. duplicate adj. 双重的102. Catalyst n. 催化剂103. Essential adj.必不可少的104. Convert v.转换,转变105. Function n.功能106. framework n.结构107. Command v.指挥108. Coordinate v.使协调109. Harmonize v.协调110. reconcile v.调和111. Deviation n.背离,偏离112. Identify v.识别,认出113. Liaise v.建立联络114. Idle adj.无所事事115. Chaos n.混乱116. Purposive adj.有目标的117. Interpretation n.见解118. Tactical adj.战术的119. Strategic adj.战略的120. Operational adj.操作中的121. Routine adj.常规的122. Standardisation n.标准化123. Implement v.贯彻,执行124. Priority n.优先权125. Figurehead n. 首脑126. Disseminator n.散布者127. entrepreneur n.企业家128. disturbance n.动乱129. negotiator n.洽谈人130. authority n.权力131. accountability n.责任,义务132. delegation n.授权133. Hazy adj. 不清楚的134. Component n.组成成分135. Profound adj.很大的136. Pioneer n.首创者137. manipulate v.控制138. Classic adj.传统的139. universality n.普遍性140. scalar adj.分等级的141. Chain n.链条142. Bureaucracy n.官僚制度,官僚作风143. Legitimate adj.合法的144. Initiative n. 主动能力145. Contingency n.权变,不可测事件146. Static adj.静止的147. Interface n.交流148. jurisdiction n.管辖权149.patriarchal adj.似家长的150. Monarchy n.君主制151. Potential adj.潜在的152. virtue n.优点153. By virtue of 由于154. modify v.修改155. Follower n.追随者156. Contagion n.传染157. Courageous adj.勇敢的158. Foolhardy adj.鲁莽的159. autocratic adj.独裁的160. Persuasive adj.有说服力的161. Participative adj.参与的162. Democratic adj.民主的163. continuum n.一致性,连续性164. coercive adj.强迫的165. Pacesetting adj.先行者的166. reinterpret v.重新解释167. authoritative adj.命令式的168. Visionary adj.有远见的169. Managerial adj.管理上的170. Mature adj.成熟的171. Decline v.衰落,下降172. Stimulation n.刺激作用173. inspirational adj. 灵感的174. Consistency n.一贯性175. Fickle adj. 易变的,无常的176. Mental adj. 精神的,脑力的177. expectancy n. 期望178. Content n. 内容179. enlargement n. 扩大180. Actualize v. 发挥出潜力181. fulfillment n. 实现182. Esteem v. 尊重183. physiological adj. 生理的184. Genetic adj. 遗传基因的185. Inheritance n. 遗传特质186. Morale n. 士气187. Classification n. 分类188. Sanitation n.公共卫生设施189. hygiene n. 保健190. valence n. 化合价191. incentive n. 刺激动力192. Significance n. 重要性,意义193. compliance n. 顺从194. token n.标志,象征195. enrichment n.丰富196. dynamic adj.有活力的、动态的197. collective adj.集体的、共同拥有的198. loyalty n.忠诚199. hitchhiking n.搭便车200. norm n.准则、行为标准201. sanction n.制裁、惩处202. penalty n.惩罚、处罚203. trade-off交替使用、换位204. cohesion n.凝聚力205. dysfunction n.机能失调206. ultra adj.极端的207. groupthink n.群体思维208. shaper n.塑造着209. multidisciplinary adj.包含多种科学的210. solidarity n.团结、一致211. virtual adj.（电脑）虚拟的212. bulletin n.公告、布告Marketing Principle1)Consumers客户2)Customer Satisfaction客户满意度3)Market Segmentation 市场细分4)Partitioning 分区5)People 人6)Physical evidence 物理现象7)Place 地点8)Positioning 位置9)Price 价钱10)Prioritizing 优先排序11)Probing 探索12)Process 进程13)Product 产品14)Promotion 宣传15)Public Relationship 公共关系16)Retailer 零售商17)Returns (Profit) 利润返还18)Supplier供应商19)Target market 目标市场20)Wholesaler 批发商21)Cultural Diversity 文化多样性22)Customer Equity客户公平性23)Customer Loyalty客户忠诚度24)Customer Relationship Management (CRM)客户关系管理25)Customer Value 客户价值26)Demographics 地理区域27)Distribution Channels 分销渠道28)Ethic伦理，道德29)Intangible 无形的30)Market Environment (Micro environment and Macroenvironment)市场环境（微观环境和宏观环境）31)Marketing Orientation 市场定向32)Marketing Strategy市场战略33)Production Orientation产品定向34)Relationship marketing市场关系35)Sales Orientation 销售定向36)Tangible 有形的37)Attitude 态度38)Belief 信仰39)Brand Loyalty 品牌忠诚度40)Core Competency 核心能力41)Corporate Level 公司水平42)Corporate Vision 公司愿景43)Cultural Environment 文化环境44)Differentiation 差异化45)Diversification 多样化46)Economic Environment 经济环境47)Market Expansion 市场拓展48)Market Penetration 市场渗透49)Market Share 市场份额50)Mission Statement 使命陈述51)Name Awareness 品牌名称意识52)Perceived Quality 品牌认知度53)Political Environment 政治环境54)Product Expansion 产品拓展55)Strategic Planning 战略计划56)Technological Environment 技术环境57)Brand Awareness 品牌名称意识58)Buyer Behaviour 购买行为59)Franchise 特许经营权60)Franchisee 特许经营人61)Franchisor 授予特许者62)Geographical Market 区域市场63)Macro Environmental Factors 宏观环境因素64)Market Segmentation 市场细分65)Marketing Approach 市场营销法66)Marketing Concept 营销观念67)Marketing Decisions 营销决策68)Marketing Oriented 营销导向69)Micro Environmental Factors 微观环境因素70)Packaging 包装71)Product Awareness 产品意识72)Product Line 生产线73)Product Pricing 产品定价74)Psychographic Segmentation 消费心态细分75)Target Market 目标市场76)Targeting Strategy 目标市场选择战略77)Accessibility 可获得的78)Behavioural Segmentation 行为细分79)Benefit Segmentation 利益细分80)Competitive Advantages 竞争优势81)Concentrated (Niche) Marketing 集中式营销（缝隙市场）82)Demographic Segmentation 人口细分83)Differentiated (Segmented) Marketing 差异化营销（细分市场）84)Geographic Segmentation 地理细分85)Intermarket Segmentation 市场内细分86)Market Targeting 市场定位87)Mass Customization 大量的用户化服务88)Measurability 可度量的89)Micromarketing 微观市场营销90)Positioning 定位91) Product Differentiation 产品差异化92)Product Position产品定位93)Substantialness 大量94)Undifferentiated (Mass) Marketing 无差异（大众化）营销95)Brand development 品牌发展96)Brand equity 品牌资产97)Brand extension 品牌扩展98)Brand Name Selection 品牌名称选择99)Brand positioning 品牌定位100)Brand sponsorship 品牌赞助101)Business product 企业用品102)Co-branding 联合品牌103)Consumer product 消费产品104)Licensing 许可证发放105)Line extension 产品线延伸106)Multibrands 多品牌107)Service inseparability 服务不可分性108)Service intangibility 服务无形性109)Service perishability 服务易消失性110)Service variability 服务可变111)Social marketing 社会营销112)Business analysis 商情分析113)Commercialization 商业化114)Concept testing 观念测试115)Customer-centered new-product development 以消费者为中心的新产品开发116)Decline stage 衰退阶段117)Fad 流行118)Fashion 时尚119)Growth stage 生成阶段120)Idea generation 创意统筹121)Idea screening 创意筛选122)Introduction stage 引入期123)Marketing strategy development 营销战略开发124)Maturity stage 成熟期125)New-product development 新产品开发126)Product concept 产品观念127)Product development 产品开发128)Product life cycle (PLC) 产品生命周期129)Test marketing 试用阶段采用的营销130)By-Product Pricing 副产品定价法1.Captive-Product Pricing 附带产品定价法2.Discount and Allowance Pricing 折扣和津贴定价3.Geographical Pricing 地理定价4.Market-Penetration Pricing 市场渗透定价法5.Market-Skimming Pricing 撇脂定价法6.New-Product Pricing Strategies 新产品定价战略7.Optional-Product Pricing 备选产品定价法8.Price Changes 物价变动9.Price-Adjustment Strategies 价格调整战略10.Product Bundle Pricing 产品束定价法11.Product Line Pricing 产品线定价12.Product Mix Pricing Strategies 产品品种定价战略13.Promotional Pricing 推销定价法14.Psychological Pricing 心理定价法15.Public Policy and Pricing 公共政策和定价16.Segmented Pricing 细分定价17.Backward Integration 逆向合并18.Channel conflict 销售通路冲突19.Conventional distribution channel 常规分配渠道20.Direct marketing channel 直接营销渠道21.Distribution center 分配中心22.Forward Integration 前向合并23.Horizontal marketing system 水平式营销系统24.Indirect marketing channel 间接营销渠道25.Marketing channel (distribution channel) 营销渠道（分配渠道）26.Marketing logistics (physical distribution) 市场逻辑学（实物分销）27.Multichannel distribution system 多渠道分销系统28.Price competition 价格竞争29.Price penetration 渗透价格30.Price skimming 价格吸脂策略31.Return on investment (ROI) 投资收益率32.Supply chain management 供应链管理33.Target costing 目标成本法34.Vertical marketing system 垂直分销系统35.Advertising 广告36.Affordable method 量力支出法37.Buyer-readiness stages 消费者准备阶段38.Buzz marketing 流行营销petitive-parity method 竞争对等法40.Direct marketing 直接营销41.Integrated marketing communication (IMC) 整合营销传播42.Non-personal communication channels 非人员沟通渠道43.Objective-and-task method 目标任务法44.Percentage-of-sales method 销售额百分比法45.Personal communication channels 人员沟通渠道46.Personal selling 个人推销47.Promotion mix (marketing communications mix) 推广组合（营销传播组合）48.Public relations 公共关系49.Pull strategy 拉式战略50.Push strategy 后推战略51.Sales promotion 促销52.Word-of-mouth influence 口碑影响力53.Administered VMS 管理式垂直营销系统54.Business-to-Business channels 企业对企业的渠道55.Consumer channels 消费者渠道56.Contractual VMS契约式垂直行销系统57.Corporate Vertical Marketing System (VMS) 公司的垂直营销系统58.Direct channels 直接渠道59.Financial risk 财务风险60.Franchise organization 特许权组织61.Indirect channels 间接渠道62.Inventory management 存货管理63.Market feedback 市场调查资料64.Marketing communications 市场开发宣传65.Multiple channels 多重渠道66.Physical distribution 实物分销67.Single channels单一渠道68.Warehousing仓储69.Business-to-business online marketing (B2B)企业对企业的在线营销70.Business-to-consumer online marketing (B2C)企业对消费者的在线营销71.Catalog marketing 目录营销72.Corporate website 公司网站73.Customer database 消费者数据库74.Direct marketing 直接营销75.Direct-mail marketing 直接邮购76.Direct-response television marketing 电视直销77.Integrated direct marketing 综合直销78.Marketing website 推广网页79.Online advertising 在线广告80.Online marketing 在线营销81.Telephone marketing 电话营销Managing Communication, Knowledge and Information1.Decision 决策2.Decision making 决策制定3.Decision taking 决策实施4.Personal networking 个人关系网5.Customer 客户6.Stakeholder 权益人7.Expert 专家8.Business relationship 商业关系9.Gather 收集10.Dissemination 传播11.Integration 整合12.Weakness 劣势13.Access 存取14.Approach 方法15.Tactical 策略的16.Operational 操作的17.subordinate 下级18.debtor 债务人3. creditor 债权人4. statutory 法定的5. quantitative 数量的6. qualitative 质量的7. preference 优先权8. perception 感觉，看法9. tacit 模糊的10. explicit 明确的，清晰的11.declarative 陈述的12. procedural 程序上的13. causal 有原因的1.quantitative information 数量信息2.qualitative information 质量信息3.tacit 模糊的4.explicit 清晰的5.primary information 一手信息6.secondary information 二手信息7.official 官方的8.unofficial 非官方的9.transaction 交易10.template system 模板系统11.hearsay 见闻12.anecdote 奇闻轶事13.private 私人的14.opinion polls 民意测验15.solely 单独的，唯一的1.personal networking 人际关系网络2.socialise 社会关系3.trustworthy 值得信任4.good will 信誉5.mutual 相互尊重6.alliances 联盟7.strengthen 加强8.referral 商业建议9.politicking 政治活动10.motivating 激发11.reinforcing 加强12.disciplining 纪律状况13.punishing 处罚14.conflict 冲突15.via 借助于1.genuine真诚的2.authentic 真实的3.pick选择4.spark激发5.collaborative relationship 合作关系6.stability 稳固7.turbulent 动乱的8.propensity 倾向性9.centralized使。

高中英语商务英语练习题50题答案解析1.The company is looking for a person with strong leadership_____.A.skillsB.ideasC.plansD.methods答案解析：A。

“leadership skills”表示领导技能，在商务场景中，公司通常寻找具有强大领导技能的人。

B 选项“ideas”是想法；C 选项“plans”是计划；D 选项“methods”是方法，都不符合语境。

2.In a business negotiation, it's important to make a good_____.A.offerB.priceC.dealD.sale答案解析：A。

“make a good offer”表示给出一个好的报价，在商务谈判中很重要。

B 选项“price”是价格；C 选项“deal”是交易；D 选项“sale”是销售，都不如“offer”符合语境。

3.The new product needs effective_____to attract customers.A.advertisingB.sellingC.promotingD.marketing答案解析：D。

“marketing”有市场营销的意思，新产品需要有效的市场营销来吸引客户。

A 选项“advertising”是广告；B 选项“selling”是销售；C 选项“promoting”是促进，相比之下“marketing”更全面。

4.The business meeting was_____due to some unexpected issues.A.postponedB.canceledC.delayedD.stopped答案解析：A。

“postponed”表示推迟，商务会议由于一些意外问题被推迟。

B 选项“canceled”是取消；C 选项“delayed”是延误；D 选项“stopped”是停止，“postponed”更符合语境。

如何进行有效的市场份额与市场份额扩张市场份额（Market Share）是指企业在特定市场中的销售额或销售量占整个市场的比例。

市场份额扩张是企业在现有市场中增加销售额或销售量，以增加其市场份额的行为。

有效的市场份额与市场份额扩张需要综合考虑市场定位、营销策略、产品竞争力等因素。

本文将探讨如何进行有效的市场份额与市场份额扩张。

一、市场研究与定位市场研究是企业了解市场需求、竞争对手、潜在客户等信息的重要手段。

通过市场研究，企业可以对市场进行精准定位，找到自身与竞争对手的差异化优势。

市场定位需要考虑目标客户、市场规模、市场增长率等因素，并根据目标市场的特点制定相应的市场份额扩张策略。

二、提升产品竞争力在市场份额扩张的过程中，产品的竞争力起着至关重要的作用。

企业应注重产品的质量、性能、价格、创新等方面的提升，以吸引更多的消费者。

同时，可以通过产品差异化、品牌建设等手段与竞争对手进行区隔，从而赢得更多的市场份额。

三、实施差异化营销策略差异化营销策略是有效提升市场份额的重要手段之一。

企业可以通过定制化产品、个性化营销、精准定价等方式满足不同消费者的需求，从而增加市场份额。

此外，企业还可以通过营销宣传、广告推广等方式加强品牌影响力，提升市场竞争力。

四、拓展销售渠道销售渠道是企业实现市场份额扩张的重要渠道。

企业应综合考虑线上线下销售渠道，并根据目标市场的特点选择合适的销售渠道。

例如，在互联网时代，企业可以通过电商平台、社交媒体等渠道进行销售，吸引更多消费者参与购买。

五、提供优质的售后服务优质的售后服务是留住现有客户、提高客户忠诚度的关键。

企业在进行市场份额扩张时，应注重售后服务的提升，例如提供充分的产品保修、退货政策、技术支持等，以满足消费者的需求并保持良好的企业形象。

六、建立合作伙伴关系建立合作伙伴关系是拓展市场份额的重要方式之一。

企业可以与其他行业、品牌、渠道商等建立合作关系，互利共赢，共同扩大市场份额。

通过与合作伙伴的合作，企业可以分享资源、降低成本、提高市场覆盖率等，实现市场份额的快速增长。

设备产品市场开发工作思路及方法1.市场调研是市场开发工作的第一步。

Market research is the first step in market development.2.通过了解目标客户的需求和喜好来确定产品的市场定位。

Determining the market positioning of the product by understanding the needs and preferences of the target customers.3.制定合理的市场开发策略，包括产品定价、渠道推广等方面。

Developing a reasonable market development strategy, including product pricing, channel promotion, etc.4.与合作伙伴合作，共同打开产品市场。

Collaborating with partners to jointly open up the product market.5.进行市场宣传和推广活动，提升产品的知名度和美誉度。

Carrying out market publicity and promotion activities to enhance the product's visibility and reputation.6.关注竞争对手的动向，制定相应应对措施。

Paying attention to the movements of competitors and formulating corresponding countermeasures.7.不断改进产品，满足市场需求。

Continuously improving the product to meet market demand.8.加强售后服务，提升用户满意度。

Enhancing after-sales service to improve customer satisfaction.9.制定长期稳定的市场发展规划，把握产品的发展方向。

Ssack 1. (v.) dismiss解雇2. (n.) termination of employment解雇[例] He was given the sack.salary (n.) pay, usually expressed as an annual sum and paid monthly薪水[例] The payroll consists of the wages and salaries paid to employees.[同义词]pay, wage, remunerationsalesperson (n.) person who sells销售员sample1. (n.) a specimen of a product used to show what it is like样品[例] The sample is for reference only.2. (v.) to try out something尝试3. (v.) to test a product on a small group of a target audience取样saturate (v.) fill something completely饱和[例] The market is saturated.[同义词]glutsaturation(n.) a stage in a market’s development where there is no room for further growth 饱和[例] So many companies have entered that market that it has reached saturation point.save (v.) keep, not spend money节约[例] Due to the high cost of office stationery, you all should have the sense of saving paper, pens,etc.saver(n.) person who saves节省的人savings(n. pl) money saved储蓄[例] It is said that the old couple has over 10 million dollars savings.scale (n.) system for measuring, divided into levels刻度[例] We can evaluate performance on a scale from 1 to 5.scarce(adj.) rare, very limited, insufficient稀缺的[例] The mineral is scarce in China so it cost high to be a raw material.scheme(n.) a systematic plan of action计划，安排[例] apply for six –month training schemesscrap 1. (n.) waste material or non-quality products废料,残余物2. (v.) to throw away something because it is waste or of poor quality废弃[例] Y ou can sell the old car for scrap.scrapvalue (n) the worth of an item as waste material to be recycled 废料价值[例] The scrape of this lemon （次品，尤指破车）is about 200 USD.seasonal (adj.) which only happens in certain seasons季节性的[例] Ice-cream sales are very seasonal.section(n.) part of a department部分[例] The personnel department is divided into 5 sections, each dealing with a specialized area.sector (n.) part of the economy or industry部门[例] The hi-tech sector is growing fast.securities(n. pl) investments in stocks and shares有价证券[例] Yesterday I bought securities in stock exchange building.segment(v.) divide a market into different parts分割市场[例] segment markets into several partsselect(v.) choose挑选[例] The HR department should select those most suitable and competent candidates.selection (n.) act of choosing挑选selection board (n.) group of people that chooses a candidate for a job选拔委员会self-made (adj) having achieved success or recognition by one's own efforts白手起家的[例] a self-made millionaireseller’s market (n) a market condition characterized by high prices and a supply of commodities falling short of demand 卖方市场[例] It is now a seller’s market and the price is bit too high.seminar (n.) a meeting for an exchange of ideas; a conference讨论会[例] a marketing seminarsemi-skilled (adj.) with some training半熟练的[例] semi-skilled workers.sensible (adj.) acting with or exhibiting good sense明智的[例] It seems sensible to look at developing resort hotels.service(n.) 1. work of dealing with customers服务[例] The service is excellent —we never have to wait.2. maintaining a machine in good working order保养[例] The photocopier is due for a service.settle (v.) pay偿还[例]settle their debtssettlement (n.) as payment for sth清偿[例] I enclose a check in settlement of your account.sexual harassment unwanted and offensive sexual advances or sexually derogatory or discriminatory remarks, as those made by an employer to an employee性骚扰[例] Nowadays, sexual harassment is quite common in offices.share (n.) 1. market share市场份额[同义词]portion, part, division2. small part of a company’s capital股份shareholder (n.) person who owns shares in a company股东shelf-life (n.) length of time a product can be displayed for sale货架期, 保存限期[例] The shelf-life of this brand is one fortnight.shift (n.) part of the working day in a factory班制[例] You need to decide some time before next Monday if you want to work the early shift or the late shift.shoot up increase rapidly 猛涨[例] The demand of this medicine has shot up recently due to SARS.closed shop scheme where only union members are allowed to work in an organization or in certain jobs 只雇佣某一工会成员的工厂（商店）open shop(n.) scheme where non-union members are allowed to work in an organization or in certain jobs自由雇佣企业shop steward (n.) trade union leader elected by the union members工人代表shopfloor (n.) place where goods are produced in a factory车间shortlist 1. (n.) list of successful people who go through to the next stage of a selection process供最后选择的候选人名单2. (v.) to select people to go through to the next stage选出最后候选人[例] Here are the candidates whom we’ve shortlisted.showroom(n.) room where goods or samples are displayed 展厅[例] The moment a new car is driven away from the showroom, its value will drop by as much as 12 percent.sick leave absence from work through illness病假[例] I didn’t feel well yesterday so I asked for a sick leave.sick note病假条letter from doctor stating that a person is too ill to work[例] If you are absent for longer, then you should arrange to see your doctor and ask for a sick note.sick pay (n.) money paid during absence from work through illness病假工资[例] Younger workers are more interested in high direct earnings at the expense of indirect benefits, like pensions and sick pay.sideline (n) an activity pursued in addition to one's regular occupation 副业[例] He is doing real estate consultation as his sideline.simulation(n.) training activity in which trainees play the role of others in order to develop their skills模拟,演练[例] We will take a business simulation in tomorrow’s training class.site(n.) place where factory is built地点, 场所[例] The steel factory will be built at this site.skilled employee (n.) worker who has had full training熟练工[例] Skilled employees are sometimes represented by a different union from the semi-skilled and unskilled.skimming(n.) setting a high price in order to maximize profits in the short term以高价在短期最大程度赢利(撇脂定价)[例] Skimming is one price strategy that is used by dealers.slogan (n.) a phrase which is used to sell a product口号, 标语[例] They created an attractive slogan so that the book is expected to dominate the best-seller lists.[同义词] logoslot machine (n) a vending or gambling machine operated by the insertion of coins into a slot自动贩卖机（赌博机）[例] H e make a big fortune using slot machines selling drinks in the subway stations.slump (n.) rapid decrease暴跌[例] a slump in sales[同义词]depression, recessionsoft-sell(n.) selling by argument and encouragement rather than strong pressure to buy软推销,劝买、说服式推销sole (adj.) only唯一的[例] sole distributorsolicitor (n.) lawyer 律师[例] As for the outstanding payment, we have no other choice but turn to our solicitors.solvent (adj.) having enough money to pay debts有还债能力的[例] The young man is solvent to pay the money.solvency(n.) the state of having enough money to pay debts偿付能力sound (adj.) stable, strong财力强大的，可靠的[例]The company is financially sound.sourcing (n.) obtaining goods from suppliers采购[例] Dual sourcing is more secure than single sourcing.spare part (n.) small piece of machinery used to repair or maintain a machine备件[例]Please buy the spare parts from that hardware store.specialize in to concentrate on a particular activity or product专门经营[例] Some places don’t have firms who specialize in this sort of thing.specification (n.) key information about a product or service详述, 规格[例] We can supply steel plates to your specifications.speculate (v) to engage in the buying or selling of a commodity with an element of risk on the chance of profit投机（一般指短期性的投机）[例] He is speculating in short-term investment .spin-off (n.) by-product 副产品[例] This material is a spin-off from space industry.spokesman(n.) also spokesperson, spokeswoman person who speaks for others发言人[例]I act as the main spokesman for the department and represent personnel issues in all our senior management discussions.sponsor(n.) person or company which pays for an event (sports, culture etc.)赞助商[例] Spo nsor of the meeting will declare the final winner of this competition.[同义词]patronsponsorship (n.) act of sponsoring赞助[例] That company took the sponsorship of the Shanghai Education Exhibition.spotcash (n) payment for goods that are delivered immediately 货到付款[例] Our customer requested spot cash delivery for the pilot order.spread (n.) difference between selling and buying prices of shares（证券）买卖报价的差额spreadsheet (n.) the display, with multiple columns and rows, that such a program allows to be printed.空白表格（用于会计等）[例] I have all these spreadsheet ready for our meeting tomorrow afternoon.staff (n.) people employed by a company员工[例] All staff are considered to be punctual and hard-working.[同义词]employee, manpower, personnelstag 1. (n.) person who buys shares and then sells them immediately证券投机商[同义词]speculator2. (v.) to buy a new issue of shares and then sell immediately赌买某公司的股票而立刻出卖以赚钱[例]He lives on staging in new issues.stagnant (adj.) not moving, inactive停滞的[例] The market is stagnant.[同义词]static, motionlessstagnate (v.) remain in the same position, not improve or develop停滞stagnation(n.) the state of remaining in the same position 停滞状态stake (n.) a share or an interest in an enterprise, especially a financial share 股份[例] I have a stake in that company.stand (n.) table for display in an exhibition展台[例] to set up a stand at a business exhibition in a foreign citystandardize (v.) to cause to conform to a standard 标准化[例] Our products are all standardized ones.start-up capital the capital used to start up a business启动资金[例] The start-up capital is quite little, so this project is not so risky.statistics (n.) numerical data 统计数据[例] The statistics show that margin profit of our company is declining .statute(n.) law passed by Parliament法令, 条例[例]The law is decreed by statute.[同义词]decree, edictstatutory (adj.)referring to a law passed by Parliament法定的[例] Everyone has his or her statutory rights.stock (n.) 1. quantity of goods for sale;inventories库存[例] out of stock2. fixed interest securities (US bonds)证券[例] He made fortune from investing in the stock market.stock exchange market in which securities are traded证券交易所stockbroker (n.) person who buys and sells shares for clients股票经纪人[同义词]market makerstock controller person who controls inventories库存管理员strategic (adj.) referring to a plan of action战略的[例] We discussed the strategic plans in this project.strategy (n.) future action to achieve objectives战略，策略[例] We will learn strategy management this semester.[同义词]tacticsstreamline (v.) to improve精简、改善使提高效率[例] We must streamline our production procedures.strength (n.) an attribute or a quality of particular worth or utility; an asset 长处[例] Everyone has his or her strengths and weakness.stress (n.) worry caused by difficulties紧张[例] A second drawback of conflict is the emotional stress for the participants.strike (n.) work stoppage organized by workers or trade union罢工[例] Everyone in that section is on strike.strongroom (n) a strongly built fireproof room designed for the safekeeping of money or valuables 保险库[例] He stores all his valuables in the strong roomsubcontract (v.) to arrange with another company to do some work, to send production work to another company 转包合同[例] He subcontracted the installation of the shower to a plumber.subcontractor (n.) company which does work for main contractor 转包商subordinate 1. (n.) person below another in the company hierarchy下属[例] To get on well with your subordinate is not a very easy thing.[同义词]inferior, junior, subaltern2. (adj.) lower下属的[例] subordinate position[同义词]inferior, lesser, lowersubscribe (v.) 1. pay in advance for a number of issues of a publication订阅2.认购（股票）apply for shares [例] subscribe to a new share issuesubscriber (n.) person who pays for a publication in advance订户subscription (n.) 1. money paid in advance for a new publication订金2. the act of subscribing to a new share issue认购（新股）subsidiary (n.) company which is at least 51% owned by a parent company子公司[例] The multi-international company’s profits are mostly from its overseas subsidiaries.[同义词]associate companysubsidise (v.) help or support financially资助[例] The Government subsidises new investment in depressed areas.subsidy(n.) money given to support unprofitable enterprises补助金[同义词]allowancesummarise (v.) explain in short总结[例] Please draw attention to summari es the project’s key idea due to the time limits.[同义词]sum up, epitomizesuperior(n.) person above another in the company hierarchy上级[同义词]chief, manager, directorsupervise (v.) to have the charge and direction of; superintend督导，管理[例] The teacher supervised our drawing class.[同义词]direct, superintend, administersupervisor (n.) person who is in charge of others主管[例] The supervisor will not be represented by the same union as the people supervised.supervisory (adj.) which involves being in charge of others管理的[例] supervisory postsupply1. (n.) provision供给[例] We are subject to the laws of supply and demand.2. (v.) provide something供给supplier (n.) person/company which supplies goods or services供应商[同义词]stockistsurvey(n.) investigation调查[例] Recent surveys have shown that employers are reluctant to improve health and safety conditions.sustainable (adj.) be available in the future 可持续的[例] sustainable developmentsuspension (n) a debarment, as from office or privilege停职[例] He will be on suspension because of his dereliction of dutySWOT analysis(n.) analyzing a company or project by its Strengths , Weaknesses ,Opportunities and Treats SWOT分析[例] The process of utilizing the SWOT approach requires an internal survey of strengths and weaknesses of the program and an external survey of threats and opportunities.synergy(n.) producing better results by working together rather than separately协同(增效)synthetic(adj.) man-made 人造的[例] These products are made of synthetic material.[同义词]artificial。

市场营销专业术语中英文对照标准翻译在市场营销专业中，以下是一些常见的术语及其中英文对照翻译：
1. 市场营销 - Marketing
2. 目标市场 - Target Market
3. 市场细分 - Market Segmentation
4. 品牌定位 - Brand Positioning
5. 市场调研 - Market Research
6. 市场份额 - Market Share
7. 市场营销策略 - Marketing Strategy
8. 市场营销环境 - Marketing Environment
9. 市场营销 mix - Marketing Mix
10. 产品定价 - Product Pricing
11. 市场营销推广 - Marketing Promotion
12. 市场营销计划 - Marketing Plan
13. 渠道管理 - Channel Management
14. 品牌价值 - Brand Value
15. 竞争分析 - Competitive Analysis
16. 销售预测 - Sales Forecasting
17. 市场营销活动 - Marketing Campaign
18. 市场营销目标 - Marketing Objectives
19. 市场份额增长 - Market Share Growth
20. 市场定位 - Market Positioning
这些术语可以帮助您理解和沟通市场营销的概念和策略。

请注意，有时候术语的翻译可能存在一定的灵活性，具体使用时需要结合实际情境和语境进行理解。

单元一 1. marketing mix：营销组合 2。

market a brand： 3。

product:产品 4。

range：范围、幅度 5. quality:质量 6。

branding：品牌化 7。

reputation：声誉、名望 8。

support:支持、支撑 9. price：价格 10. place：渠道 11。

location：位置，当地 12. outlet：批发商店 13. accessibility：可接近的,可得到的 14。

promotion：促销 15。

promotional mix：促销组合 16。

promotional tool:促销工具 17。

TV advertising：电视广告 18。

talk about:谈论 19。

people:人 20. physical presence：实体存在 21. process：处理、方法、步骤22。

physical evidence：物证 23。

tangible：有形的 24. launch：发表 25. distribution:分布、分配 26。

delivery：交付（贸易） 27. advertising：广告 28。

direct marketing:直接营销 29. customer：顾客 30。

competitor：竞争者 31. premium pricing：保险定价32。

special deals:特殊交易单元二 1. customer need:顾客需求 2. solve a problem:解决问题 3。

meet these need:满足他们的需求 4。

cost to user:消费者 5. perceive the cost：理解消费、认知消费 6. convenience：便利 7。

convenient:方便的 8. make an effort：作出努力 9. communication：通讯 10。

1.She accessed three different files to find the correct information.2.The time has come for the film to consolidate after several years of rapid expansion.3.Please write to confirm your reservation ,i.e.send a letter to support a booking made by telephone.4. The company is in debt to the extent of 20000 dollars.They are faced with the situation of bankruptcy.5.It is absolutely vital that the matter is kept secret,so be sure not to have anyone else know it.6.Do your have sufficient fund to conduct the experiment which you have been doing for a few months?7.Please ensure that all the lights are switched off at night before you leave the laboratory.8.They have made great achievement in meeting their export targets this year.9. He has bought an up to date dictionary published by Oxford University press.10.You will be informed when the book becomes available ,so please leave your address to us.11. Although they come from different family background,they both have similar tastes in music.12. They are compiling statistics for a report on traffic accidents in the past three years.13. The two substances are now in contact with each other,and a chemical reaction is occurring.14. As we all know,he is a man hard to deal with.we don't like him at all.15. She has nothing to complain as to her salary,for she has a well-paid job.1.The sales representative achieved only half of what I’d hoped to do.2.Her principal objective was to become a scientist with international fame.3.The sales manager bought a book for me, which is arguably a potential best seller.4.Nick felt that nothing he did would satisfy his new demanding boss.5.The company is in the process of moving to new office.6.He was trying his best to develop a national corporation into a worldwide business.7.His recent excellent performance has established himself as the most influential football player in his team.8.The US has so far been extremely unwilling to involve itself in the crisis in Bosnia.9.The restaurant【charged】us $40 for the wine which was actually only $8 in the supermarket.10.I have something【personal】to discuss with you if you are available at 5in the afternoon.11.Mahler’s music was a【major】influence on the young composer.12.London is a well-known city which is【known as】being foggy.13.It would be wise to【insure】your large property against storm damage.14.He keeps asking lot of questions【referring to】yesterday’s lecture over the dinner table.15.Such measures are【vital】to national security in our country.1.Needless to say in these cases the buyer and the seller must assume any respective risk of export andimport prohibition.2.After our careful investigation , we were assured that everything possible was being done.3.After their respective investigation , the two independent investigators have reached virtually the sameconclusions.4.All the staff make copies of their computer disks as a safeguard against accident.5.His second novel established his fame as a writer , after that he became a well-know writer of his age.6.The design and styles of these products are as per current fashions , which are popular in the market .7.As their teacher has n’t instructed them where to go , the students have to wait for instruction .8.I have authorized him to act for me while I am away ; you may contact him if necessary be .9.I haven’t got a car ,so I have to depend on the buses to go to work every day.10.We are sorry to inform you that the listed terms of payment don’t correspond to customary businesspractice .11.The term market differs from the term “marketing” . The former refers to a place where people buyingand selling meet , while the latter shows a theory and practice of commercial selling .12.It was stipulated that the goods should be delivered within three days .13.No work is done in the scientific sense of the word when a man is standing and holding a weight. Thus,the force which is applied results in no work.14.The buyer and the seller must respectively undertake any risk of export and import prohibition.15.They were determined to carry out the tasks assigned them no matter what obstacles they would have toface.1.Personal feelings should not come into play when one has to make business decisions.2.The tension in this city was building up quickly as the crises approached.3.The terrible accident that happened yesterday resulted in the death of two passengers.4.The Children’s Palace in Shanghai is recreation center catering for children from 7 to 17 years old.5.The people put up their right hands to signify that they agreed with the speaker.6.When the revolutionary situation changes revolutionary tactics must change accordingly.7.The nurses are working carefully at the hospital for they know that good care can prolong a sick person’slife.8.He has acquired a good knowledge of French after living in France for years.9.Our presumption is that there would be no survivors,but the case is different.10.She seemed greatly reassured after conversing with Professor Smith.11.Though it is customary to tip waiters in your country,it is not so widely accepted in china.12.The teacher suggested that we should give up these tactics which are unlikely to help you.13.Our business segments operate across four regions. Their activities are supported by a number of keycorporate functions.14.The authorities relaxed restrictions on foreign at the beginning 2007, them from having to apply forpermission to travel and conduct interviews.lions of people have to spend more time and energy on studying new skills…they can keep a favorablein job market.1. A cook who changes recipe or even makes one is using the ……novel taste sensation.2.This fear mechanism is critical to the survival of all animals ,but no one can say for surewhether …..know they’re afraid.3.Many papers describing special features of roll deposits have been written in the last five or six years.4.Therefore, I do not hesitate to recommend him as an ideal candidate for the post you advertised.5.The rapid development of our mother country and the remarkable growth in our income make goingabroad to study available,which is almost impossible to average Chinese student in the past.6.Fully prepared candidates lost nearly 5% to 10% of the full scores ….because they underestimate theirown abilities , on the one hand…..7.Sincerity ,a deep genuine ,heart felt sincerity is a trait of true and noble manhood.8.Few Americans attributed this solely to such …..or the turning of the business.9.Share the dream falls within Olympic……“one world one dream” slogan.10.While studying he can focus his attention to his work ,..out the noise outside.11.We went over every detail of his story in an effort to discover whether was ture or not.12.Having …..in this city …..we task the liberty of acquainting you of it and solicit the preference of yourorder.13.This echo-location in bats is often compared with rader,…which is similar.14.Sartre’s particular interest is in what he sees as the …..one human ..and another.15.Some other people may prefer reading ..or newspapers.what I want to emphasize is that no matter whatyou are interest in…1.It is a paradox that such a rich country should have ..poor people living in it.2.The husband cast her in a leading part when she was a young of 16.3.My husband loves..life while I enjoy a more domestic life.4.The Sahara Desert is a natural barrier between …and …Africa.5.She never took a taxi ,even though she could afford to.6. A new secretary is a quick, efficient worker ,and the boss…7.Emotional or mental problems can arise from a physical caues.8.Whereas we went a flat ,they would rather live in a house.9.In addition to these arrangements ,extra …..will be on duty until midnight.10.He studied the German market to find … there for profitable11.It didn’t occur to him that his wife was having a affair.12.She tried in vain to point out to him the …his action.13.The management wanted some 250 workers to give up their incentive pay,which would have cut ….$5 aman.14.In order to maintain ……eat ..food and get sufficient exercise.15.The manager tried to even out the distribution of work among his employees.1.The majority of the citizens would stay at home to spend their holiday.2.His early works were very popular with ….circles.3.At the beginning ,his mainly invested money …he has []his business to keep the pace.4.His casual clothes were not [appropiate] for such a occasion.5.It is reported that the …….will to monument and [deliver]address to the press.6.Every Chinese knows that Taiwan is a [inseparable]part of china.7.He was pointed to [represent] our school to attend the …8.Hearing the news ,she didn’t say a word ,and just nodded her head [indicating]9.He told me he liked drawing the [rout] on the map …was in England.10.If you want to mark your opinion sound ,you must [specity]the reasons ..11.Exceptional talent does not always win its reward [unless]12.A big ..may bring you the [temporary]comfort,but ..can give happiness.13.There is a little doubt that [immediate]action14.Solving problems in the help you to understand other people’s feeling and learn to be[considerate]15.Inflation could affect china’s ….has put a high [priority]on curbing price hikes.1.channel of distribution分销渠道2.marketing mix 营销组合3.manufacturing cost 生产成本4.market decision 市场决策5.market development 市场开发6.market leadership 市场领导7.market niches市场缺口8.market penetration市场渗透9.market-positioning strategy市场定位战略10.market share市场份额11.marketer市场营销人员12.marketing approach市场营销方法13.marketing concept市场营销概念14.marketing department市场营销部15.marketing function市场营销功能16.price cutting 削价17.product development 产品开发18.trading profit 营业利润19.advertising 广告推销20.cash flow现金流modity商品petition竞争23.determinant决定因素24.distribution分销25.economy of scale规模经济26.brand name 品牌名27.brand strategy 品牌战略28.consumer 消费者29.consumption消费30.contractual cost合同费用31.counterstrategy对策32.customer benefits顾客利益33.DMU决策机构34.Dumping倾销35.entry strategy进入市场战略36. financial resources金融资源37.product range产品范围38.profit margin利润率39.promotion促销40.target market目标市场41.standardization标准化 42.ordinary brand大众品牌1.They will find out who did it whether or not you tell them so you’d better explain to them about it.2.We have decided that whether there is any telephone questionnaire or not we are carrying out the market survey.3.Tell me whether you are interested or not in developing a new product for our firm.4.The chairman intends to know whether the market research can give him a powerful piece of information or not1.The idea is not to find out if someone will buy your product, but that there is continuous.2.He is not a engineer, nor a manager, not a salesman, but a physics professor in an university.3.You’ve bought the wrong shirt. It’s not the red one I wanted but the blue.4.It is well known that the famous film star is not single, but married.1.The small business owners well aware that they are unlikely to involve compete with big companies.2.The market research everyone, every store or every product.3.As their best player is absent, their team is unlikely to win the game.4.She is unlikely to tonight because she has to meet a client.1.This communication between buyer and seller known as marketing.2.The producers who establish these prices are known a price leaders.3.Samuel Clemens, who was known became a famous American writer.4. As we know, Kent is know as the garden of England.As far as the buyer is concerned (就买方而言),he needs to be assured of the cargo supplied.As far as the modes of payments are concerned(就国际惯例的付款方式而言)it can be divided into three categories as remittance , collection and letter of credit.As far as inner paking is concerned (就内包装而言) , we use a beautifully designed gift box ,and you will find them ideal for gift presenting.On cash with order, so as to get a five percent discount (为了得到百分之五的折扣)we have to pay when we order.Banks are allowed to buy and sell foreign exchange freely so as to meet the needs of international banking business.(为了满足国际银行业务的需求)The teacher explained the question again so as not to be misunderstood(为了不会产生误会).It is must be remembered (必须记住)that the costs of the L/C differ from bank to bank.It is the general practice that (按一般惯例)the insurance be covered in the covered in the same currency as in the letter of credit.It is well know that (众所周知)paper was first made by Chinese.。

国际贸易英语常用词汇1. import - 进口2. export - 出口3. trade - 贸易4. tariff - 关税5. customs - 海关6. duty - 关税7. quota - 配额8. subsidy - 补贴9. free trade - 自由贸易10. protectionism - 爱护主义11. trade deficit - 贸易逆差12. trade surplus - 贸易顺差13. trade agreement - 贸易协定14. trade barrier - 贸易壁垒15. trade war - 贸易战16. embargo - 禁运17. dumping - 倾销18. trade liberalization - 贸易自由化19. trade imbalance - 贸易不平衡20. market access - 市场准入21. intellectual property - 学问产权22. patent - 专利23. copyright - 版权24. trademark - 商标25. standardization - 标准化26. quality control - 质量把握第1页/共6页27. logistics - 物流28. exchange rate - 汇率29. currency - 货币30. foreign direct investment - 外商直接投资31. multinational corporation - 跨国公司32. supply chain - 供应链33. container - 集装箱34. trade fair - 贸易展览会35. trade mission - 商务访问团36. goods - 商品37. services - 服务38. negotiation - 谈判39. agreement - 协议40. contract - 合同41. invoice - 发票42. payment - 付款43. delivery - 交货44. insurance - 保险45. dispute - 争议46. arbitration - 仲裁47. compliance - 符合48. documentation - 文件49. logistics provider - 物流服务供应商50. transportation - 运输51. export license - 出口许可证52. import license - 进口许可证53. trade finance - 贸易融资54. letter of credit - 信用证55. bill of lading - 提单56. customs clearance - 海关清关57. incoterms - 贸易术语58. CIF - 成本加保险加运费价59. FOB - 离岸价60. EXW - 工厂交货价61. DDP - 目的地交货价62. L/C - 信用证63. T/T - 电汇64. B/L - 提单65. NAFTA - 北美自由贸易协定66. WTO - 世界贸易组织67. ASEAN - 东南亚国家联盟68. EU - 欧洲联盟69. APEC - 亚太经济合作组织70. GATT - 关税和贸易总协定71. World Bank - 世界银行72. IMF - 国际货币基金组织73. developing countries - 进展中国家74. developed countries - 发达国家75. emerging markets - 新兴市场76. market economy - 市场经济77. command economy - 方案经济78. mixed economy - 混合经济79. inflation - 通货膨胀80. recession - 经济衰退81. economic growth - 经济增长82. purchasing power - 购买力83. economic indicators - 经济指标84. GDP - 国内生产总值85. inflation rate - 通货膨胀率第3页/共6页86. unemployment rate - 失业率87. interest rate - 利率88. exchange rate - 汇率89. stock market - 股市90. commodity - 商品91. consumer goods - 消费品92. capital goods - 生产资料93. raw materials - 原材料94. agricultural products - 农产品95. energy resources - 能源资源96. manufacturing - 制造业97. agriculture - 农业98. services sector - 服务业99. technology - 技术100. innovation - 创新101. demand - 需求102. supply - 供应103. market - 市场104. price - 价格105. cost - 成本106. profit - 利润107. competition - 竞争108. market share - 市场份额109. marketing - 市场营销110. branding - 品牌建设111. advertising - 广告112. promotion - 推销113. distribution - 分销114. consumer - 消费者115. producer - 生产者116. retailer - 零售商117. wholesaler - 批发商118. e-commerce - 电子商务119. online shopping - 网上购物120. market research - 市场调研121. target market - 目标市场122. market segmentation - 市场细分123. product life cycle - 产品生命周期124. branding - 品牌建设125. customer relationship management - 客户关系管理126. business-to-business - 企业对企业127. business-to-consumer - 企业对消费者128. business-to-government - 企业对政府129. supply and demand - 供需关系130. economic sanctions - 经济制裁131. quota system - 配额制度132. foreign exchange - 外汇133. trade deficit - 贸易逆差134. protectionist policy - 爱护主义政策135. foreign investment - 外国投资136. market share - 市场份额137. global market - 全球市场138. economic integration - 经济一体化139. international trade rules - 国际贸易规章140. trade dispute - 贸易纠纷141. trade organization - 贸易组织142. trade policy - 贸易政策143. balance of trade - 贸易平衡144. current account - 经常账户第5页/共6页145. capital account - 资本账户146. foreign exchange rate - 外汇汇率147. interest rate - 利率148. central bank - 中心银行149. monopoly - 垄断150. globalization - 全球化。