2018年高考英语一轮复习-语法专项-定语从句

(that/which) 3. Do you still remember the day ___________ we spend together? 4. Do you still remember the day _____ we studied together? when
高考题 基础篇
高考复习：定语从句 附高考真题定语从句：修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般 紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
1) Do you know the man who/that is standing over there?
2) The girl that/who/whom we were talking about is Joan.
3) Did you see the pen (that/which) I lost yesterday?
作宾语（可省）
4) He told me the date when/on which he joined the League.
5) The place where/in which he lives is far away from here. 指时间 作状语
2. (2017· 湖南高考)Happiness and success often come to those are good at recognizing their own strengths. A.whom B. who C. what D. Which
【解析】选B。考查定语从句。句意: 幸福与成功通常降临于那些 擅长于认识到自己的长处的人。who在句中引导定语从句, 且在从 句中作主语, 符合题目结构。whom引导定语从句也修饰人, 但是在 从句中作宾语或用于介词+whom结构中。

第三讲定语从句定语从句必备知识[全析考法]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 ________ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.解析：that/which 分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，在定语从句中作主语，修饰先行词study，故填that/which。

2．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 —when the government started a soil­testing program________ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers — and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.解析：that/which 空处引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语，修饰“a soil­testing program”，先行词表示物，故用that或者which。

3．(2018·浙江高考)Many westerners ________ come to China cook much less thanin their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.解析：who/that 先行词是Many westerners，指人，故用who/that 引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语。

定语从句语法知识精讲定语从句一、考点梳理。

1.考查which/who(m)引导的非限制性定语从句which引导非限制性定语从句，用以指代整个主句的内容，或主句中某个词或短语的内容。

【例】She brought with her three friends, none of I had ever met before.A. themB. whoC. whomD. these【答案】C【例】 By serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself,_____can be very eye-opening and rewarding.A. whoB.whichC.whatD.that【答案】B【解析】which在此引导非限制性定语从句，which在定语从句中作主语，表示前面所提到的情况。

【例】 Chan's restaurant on Baker Street,___________used to be poorly run, is now a successful business.A. thatB.whichC.whoD. where【答案】B【解析】which used to be poorly run为非限制性定语从句，其中的which指代前面的Chan's restaurant。

2.考查as引导的非限制性定语从句as也可指代整个主句的内容，但不同于which的是，它引导的定语从句既可以位于主句的前面，也可以位于主句的后面。

它的意思是“正如”，as在这些从句中作主语或宾语。

【例】____I explained on the phone, your request will be considered at the next meeting.A. WhenB.AfterC.AsD. Since【答案】C【解析】as引导非限制性定语从句，其意为“正如”。

were well­
educated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
5．(2015·陕西高考改编)As the smallest child of his family，Alex is always
longing for the time
[易错警示] way 后的定语从句的引导词
(1)当先行词是 way 时，若 way 在从句中作状语，则从句用 in which 或 that 引导，引导词也可省略。
(2)如果 way 作先行词，定语从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语，则用 which 或 that 引导该从句。若先行词在定语从句中作宾语，which/that 也可省略。
2．“名词/不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级＋of＋ which/whom”引导 的定语从句，表示整体与部分的关系。
She showed the visitors around the museum，the construction of which(＝ whose construction) had taken more than three years.
life should be considered. 10．—Where did you get to know her?
—It was on the farm
we worked.
sailors even the small details of
【 答 案 】 1.whose 2.when 3.which 4.whom 5.when 6.whose 7.which 8.which/that 9．which 10.where
were published in the 1990s.

高考英语一轮复习语法专题（二）定语从句------关系代词Attributive clauses一、什么是定语(attribute)？定义：定语是用来修饰名词或代词的句子成分。

He is an honest boy.We love our country.I know the girl in red.位置：单个的词作定语时，放在被修饰的名词前面；短语或从句作定语时，放在被修饰的词后面。

二、定语从句1.在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句（句意：“……的”）2.被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做“ 先行词”3.引导定语从句的词叫“关系词”。

He is an Chinese teacherwho likes singing songs.该句中，teacher 是先行词，who是关系代词，who likes singing songs 叫做定语从句三、定语从句的位置定语从句通常放在被修饰词之后。

四、定语从句中的关系词关系代词：who、whom、whose、which、that关系副词：where﹑when﹑why关系代词（who, whom, which, that, whose）的指代关系关系代词的三个作用:1. 引导定语从句。

2. 代替先行词。

3. 在定语从句中担当一个成分。

关系词：指人：who、that、whom 、whose指物：which、that、whose例：1.The girl is from America.I called her just now.我刚才叫的那个女孩来自美国。

→The girl (whom/that/whoI called just now ) is from America. whom/that/who代替the girl，作定语从句中的宾语2. They’re talking about the film.I have seen the film.他们正在讨论我看过的那部电影。

I still remember the scene in ________ we got separated on a rainy day.
12．(2017·山东济宁模拟)This means people can check out the pictures ________ appear in the brains of animals such as insects, birds, and fish.
8．(2021·课标全国卷Ⅰ)Maybe you have a habit ________ is driving your family crazy.
9．(2016·浙江杭州余杭区期末改编)The baby, ________ health was ruined after taking the medicine, was only one year old.
5．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)But my connection with pandas goes back io my days on a TV show in the mid 1980s, ________ I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
14．(2017·福建龙岩质检改编)Tibet is such a place ________ all the people across the world are dreaming of visiting.
15．(2016·湖南益阳箴言中学模拟改编)Dad decided to build a small tool room with a lock, ________ he would keep his best tools so my brother couldn't reach them.

第9练定语从句基础巩固Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．AfterlivinginAustraliaformanyyears，Louisefinallyreturnedtothecountryshewasborn. 2．Anothersayingwhichhascomefromthefableis“Godhelpsthosehelpthemselves.”3．Hisintereststartedafewyearsago，hewasincollegeandstudyingwildlifescience. 4．Therearemanygoodwebsitesyoucancheckoutthelatestinthescienceworld. 5．Untilnow，wehaveraised3,000poundsforthepoorchildren，isquiteunexpected. 6．Wearelookingforwardtothedayourteamcanbeattheotherteaminthefinalmatch. 7．Acompanyprofitsfromhomemarketsaredecliningmayseekopportunitiesabroad. 8．Theoldprofessor，childrenarestudyingabroad，isleadinganactivelife. 9．Thehard­workinggirlwasadmittedtoakeyuniversity，wehadexpected. 10．Theoldscientist，wasborninShandong，hasmadeagreatachievementinhisfield. 11．It’sablacksquaresuitc ase，isjustasbigasaschoolbag. 12．MarycametoChinawithherparents，taughtEnglishinauniversity. 13．Ablogwillbeopenedonthewebsiteofourschool，aimstohelpstudentstocommunicatebetter.14．IhaveanAmericanfriend，Marianne，livesalonebuthasapetdog，Sparky. 15．AltogetherIhadfiveroommates，twoofarrivedlater.16．People’shealthisharmedoncetheytakeinthesegases，maycauseaseriesofdiseases. 17．Thedaybeforeyesterday，Iwenttothelargestbookstoreisnearourschooltobuyabook. 18．isoftenthecase，Sallylookedinherdiary，andsaidwecouldgettogetherforlunch.技法总结在语法填空中解答定语从句类题目，首先要找准先行词，分析句子结构以确定从句所缺的成分，如果缺少主语、宾语、表语或定语，引导词需要用关系代词；如果缺少状语，引导词则用关系副词。

这正是你在找的那本书。 ⑥He talked about the people and the place that he had visited in that country. 他谈到了他在那个国家所见到的人和所参观的地方。 考点总结 1．that 多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，作宾语 或表语时可省略。 2．which 指物，在定语从句中作主语和宾语，作宾语时，在限制性定语从 句中可省略。另外，which 可用来指代前面句子的部分或全部内容。 3．下列情况只用 that 不用 which： ①先行词是 all，something，everything，anything，nothing，little，much， few 等不定代词； ②先行词被 all，any，every，no，little，much，some 等词修饰； ③先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词； ④先行词被 the only，the very(正是，恰是)，the last 修饰； ⑤先行词中既有人也有物； ⑥在 which 或 who 的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句。 考点二 关系副词引导的定语从句
他们已经到了必须分手的地步。 考点总结 1．先行词是表示时间、地点或原因(一般为 reason)的名词，从句中缺少状语 时用关系副词 when，where，why。有时可用“介词＋which”结构替换。 2．当定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，即使先行词是表示时间、地点和原因 的词仍用 which/that。 3．当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如 point ，situation，case，stage 等，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词 where 引导定语从句；如果作主 语、宾语或表语，则用关系代词 that/which。 考点三 定语从句 ①Trading leather shoes is the business to which the Greens are devoted. 皮鞋生意是格林一家所致力于的事业。 ②[2016· 浙江]The study suggests that the cultures we grow up in influence the basic processes by which we see the world around us. 研究表明我们成长的文化影响我们看周围世界的基本过程。 ③Recently I bought an ancient vase, the price of which(＝whose price) very reasonable. 最近我买了个古代的花瓶，它的价钱很合理。 ④His head soon appeared out of the window，from where he saw nothing but trees. 他的头很快从窗口探了出来，从那里除了树木他什么也看不到。(from where 相当于 from out of the window，而不是 from the window) 考点总结 1 ．若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用 whom，指物时常用 which。另外，whose 也可以放在介词后，即“介词＋whose＋名词”结构。 2．该结构中介词的选用 was “介词＋关系代词”引导的

7．(2019·天津卷改编)Their child is at the stage w__h_e_re_ she can say individual words but not full sentences.
8．(2019·北京卷) The students benefitting most from college are those __w__h_o_/t_h_a_t _ are totally engaged (参与) in academic life, taking full advantage of the college's chances and resources (资源).
中作定语，相当于 of whom 或 of 妻的隔壁，他们的孩子经常
which
制造噪音。
关系代词
用法
例句
用于限制性定语从句中，先行词指人或物，
as 在限制性定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语。You must show my
wife the same 常用句型为：①such(＋名词)＋as...(像……一
respect as you
as
样的，像……之类的)；②the same＋名词＋ show me. 对我妻
as...(和……同样的)
子你必须和对我
用于非限制性定语从句中，as 指代整个主句 一样的尊重。
的内容，意为“正如……，像……”
[点拨] 下列情况只用 that 不用 which (1)先行词是 all，few，little，much，something，anything，nothing 等不 定代词时； (2)先行词被 the only，the very，the same，all 等修饰时； (3)先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时； (4)先行词既有人又有物时。

K12课件
22
4. (2015·重庆)He wrote many children’s books, nearly half of ________ were published in the 1990s.
5. (2015·浙江)Creating an atmosphere________ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.
K12课件
7
(2)which 引导非限制性定语从句修饰前面整个句子时，只能 置于主句后，常译为“这一点，这件事”等，这时它所引导的从 句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系。
Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, which made one of the Chinese people’s long­held dreams come true.
② She showed the visitors around the museum, the construction of which(＝whose construction) had taken more than three years.
K12课件
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◎温馨提示 “介词＋关系代词”考查的重点在于“用不用介词”和 “用什么介词”。介词的确定有以下三种方式： (1)依据定语从句中动词所需要的某种习惯搭配来确定。 I bought a great many books, on which I spent all my money that I saved.(spend ... on ... )
②Sales director is a position where communication ability is just as important as sales skills.

引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词包括关系代词和关 系副词。关系词代替先行词，在从句中充当一定的成分。
高三总复习 ·人教版 ·英语
进入导航
第二部分 专题十一
系列丛书
一、关系代词 who, whom, whose 引导的定语从句 1．who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。如： The little boy who is singing there can recite quite a number of poems. 正在那儿唱歌的那个小男孩能背诵很多首诗。 2．whom 指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，可省略。如： The author (whom) you criticized has written a letter in reply. 你批评的那位作者写了一封回信。
我到了应该作出人生抉择的时刻。
高三总复习 ·人教版 ·英语
进入导航
第二部分 专题十一
系列丛书
七、关系副词 why 引导的定语从句 关系副词 why 引导定语从句时，修饰表示原因的名词。 只能在定语从句中作原因状语，很多时候可以省略。如： The reason why he didn't pass the driving test was that he lacked practice. 因为缺少实践，他没有通过驾驶考试。
我去年买的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
高三总复习 ·人教版 ·英语
进入导航
第二部分 专题十一
系列丛书
三、as/which 引导定语从句的区别 1．在限制性定语从句中，which 指代先行词是物的名词 或代词，而 as 指代先行词是物或人的词，且先行词前一般 有 as, so, such, the same 等限定语。 There are as many dictionaries as are needed. 所需要的字典都有了。

第五章定语从句He is a man who/that means what he says.他是一个说话算数的人。

The people who/that you met in thecampus yesterday are from England.Is there anyone in your department whose father is a painter?The young man with whom I travelled could speak English.The book which /that you are reading is written by a novelist.★1.This is the room ABC I cleaned just now.This is the room D I stayed just now.A thatB whichC /D where2.I’ll remember the day ABC we spent together.I’ll remember the day D we danced together.A thatB whichC /D when3.This is Mr.smith A teaches English in our school.This is Mr.smith with B we often playbasketball after school.This is Mr.smith C daughter studies in our class.This is our school C teachers are kind and friendly.A whoB whomC whoseD its一．定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的区别关系代词/关系副词：在先行词和定语从句中起连接作用的词，他们代表先行词，同时在从句中担任一定的句子成分.区别一：所指代先行词不同区别二：在句中所担任成分不同1.Is he the man who /that wants to see you?2.He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.3.Please pass me the book whose cover is green.4.The package that/which you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.5.Dong guan is the place where I was born.6.I’ll never forget the day when we first met each other.7.Do you know the reason why he left home early?8.This is the mountain village that/which I visited last year.9.I will show you the point where you fail.10.He had to face the conditions where pressure was heavy.11.I won’t forget the time that/which you have told me.12.There was a time when man ate things raw.（过去有个时期，人类吃生东西）13.She is looking forward to the day when her daughter wins the championship.14.The reason why he can not come is that he is ill.15.The reason that/which he told me is not true.方法一：看定语从句中的谓语动词，如果谓语动词是及物动词而且后面且无宾语必须用关系代词，而不及物动词用关系副词。

别
Point 3
当先行词作主语且定语从句为被动语态时，常用as引导，常用结构 有：
as is well-known/known to all 众所周知 as is expected/reported/announced 正如所预料/报道/公布的那样 as has been said before正如前面所述 as is mentioned above正如上面提到的
600分考点 完全掌握
句子是由词或短语按照一定的语法规则构成的，句子又是 构成篇章的基本单位。句子成分包括主语、谓语、宾语、表 语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语等。
1.主语
主语是句子的主体，表示句子讲的是“谁”或“什么”。主语 一般位于句首，通常由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动 名词或从句等充当。
这是解决这个问题的最好办法。
分考点2 关系代词that和which的特殊用 法
(4)先行词既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。
·She took photographs of the things and people that she
was interested in. 她把她所感兴趣的人和物拍摄下来。
(2)关系代词指物，且前有介词时，只用which，不用that。
·This is the college in which I am studying. 这是我正就读的大学。

分考点2 关系代词that和which的特殊用 法
(3)先行词本身是that时，只用which。
·What is that which you have stuffed into the plastic cup? 你刚才塞进塑料杯里的是什么东西？
(1)先行词是不定代词 all, few, little, much, something, everything， nothing, anything 等时。

高三一轮语法专题复习训练 ---定语从句
一．单句填空 （ 1）
1.I admire my English teacher. I can remember very few occasions__________she stopped working because of ill health. 2.She and her family bicycle to work, __________helps them keep fit. 3.Tai chi， _____________ is famous as a kind of martial art, has been practiced in China for centuries. 4.This is the best film_________ I have seen. 5.How many students are there in our class _________homes are very far? 6.Much to his disappointment, the suggestion he ________ ________ was turned down at the meeting（. 提出） 7.We live in an age ________ the information is more than before. 8.It ’ s helpful to put children in a situation__________they can see themselves differently. 9.I find it difficult to cooperate with those __________always stick to their own opinions. 10.The suit __________the tailor made for me doesn't fit me. 11.China Today attracts a worldwide readership,__________shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China. 12.The books on the desk,__________ covers are shiny, are prizes for us. 13.I borrowed the book sherlock Holmesfrom the library last week, __________ my classmates recommended to me. 14.He wrote many children ’ s books,nearly half of__________were published in the 1990s.

• 【解析】 句意：《今日中国》吸引了世界 各地的读者，这表明世界上越来越多的人想 了解中国。本题考查非限制性定语从句。先 行词为设空处前的一句话，关系词在定语从 句中作主语，故答案为which。
• 【答案】 which
• 6．(2015·湖南卷，29)It is a truly delightful place，________ looks the same as it must have
• 7．(2015·陕西卷，15)As the smallest child of his family，Alex is always longing for the time
________ he should be able to be independent.
• 【解析】 句意：作为家里最小的孩子，亚 历克斯总是期盼着他能够独立的时候。先行 词为time，将先行词代入定语从句后为：He should be able to be independent at the time.由 此可见关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，故 答案为when。
• 【答案】 whose
• 9．(2015·浙江卷，19)Creating an atmosphere
________ employees feel part of a team is a big
challenge.
• 【解析】 句意：创造出让员工感觉到自己 就是团队一员的一种氛围是极大的挑战。本 题考查定语从句。先行词为atmosphere，将先 行词代入定语从句后为：In the atmosphere employees feel part of a team.关系词在定语从 句中充当地点状语，故用where/in which。
• 【答案】 where/in which

mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River
are pictured by
artists in so many Chinese paintings.(全国Ⅰ真题)
【答案】 that/which
【解析】 本题考查定语从句。句意:我曾在桂林附近轻快地穿行,这是游客
【答案】 when 句意:我与熊猫结缘要追溯到20世纪80年代中叶的电视
秀节目,那时我是第一位西方电视记者。由句子结构可以判断这是一个定
语从句,主句部分主语核心是名词My connection,谓语部分核心是动词
goes,back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s作时间状语;后面从句中
in/at/on...+which”。如:
A bank is the place where they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for
it back when it begins to rain.
银行是那种在天晴之时借伞给你,到了下雨时就催你还回去的地方。
newspaper,such...as...,the same...as...等。
试做真题 透析真题 高手必备 萃取高招 对点精练
My connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-
1980s,
I was the first Western TV reporter.(2016全国Ⅰ真题)
you can hear some lovely
music.(北京真题)

定语从句一、概念：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

如：I want to marry a rich man.定语I want to marry a man who is tall, rich and handsome. （从句谓语和先行词一致）先行词定语从句定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句用关系词（_____________ _____________）来引导，关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作从句中的一个成分。

1)关系代词：______________________________________2)关系副词：______________________________________二、关系词的用法：（一）关系代词的用法：1) who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语或宾语。

例如：He is the man who/that wants to marry me.他就是那个想娶我的人。

(who/that在从句中作主语)He is the man whom/ that I want to marry.他就是我想嫁的那个人。

(whom/that在从句中作宾语)合并：1.The girl is my sister. The girl is standing on the stage._______________________________________________________2.I don’t know the boy. The boy is in blue shirt._______________________________________________________3.My brother likes the singers. The singers write their own music._______________________________________________________翻译：1那就是教我们英语的老师。