(完整版)2018年江苏高考英语专题一语法知识:第6讲名词性从句
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一、冠词/代词和介词注意:最近几年,江苏高考卷中并未出现考查冠词的题目;代词的考查题出现了两次,都是对不定代词的考查;单一的介词考查题也很少。
尽管如此,这三个考点的基础知识都应该牢固掌握,才能做到以不变应万变。
1、冠词:1)注意“抽象名词具体化”的现象,可以翻译成: 一种,一个,一次,一阵,一场等。
(Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times.)2)动词+sb.+介词+the+身体某一部位抓(catch,hold,take,seize,)+by the+身体部位拍打(hit,strike,touch)+on the+身体部位看(look,stare,gaze)+ in the+身体部位2、代词:1)it作代词有几个小注意点:1)指代婴儿或身份不明的人2)习惯用语,本身并没有实际意义(You can make it. He has had it.)3)用于某些固定句型中,几乎成了一种习惯用法(I will appreciate it if you….. I can’t help it if you…. I hate it when….When it comes to…..)2)those可以用来替代前面提到过的事物,即同类名词但不是同一个,相当于the+可数名词复数。
ones则是泛指,替代前面出现的可数名词复数。
3、介词:介词的宾语除了我们最熟知的名词/代词,还有1)adj/adv(be far from perfect;dropped from above) 2)介词短语(From under the table ran out a cat.)3)不定式或动名词( had no choice but to wait) 4)名词性从句(I had no idea of what he wanted.)二、名词注意:对名词的考查一直是江苏高考的重点,2015年高考卷上出现了两个名词词义辨析题,而名词与介词的搭配也是频繁出现。
(完整版)高中英语名词性从句讲解(可编辑修改word版)名词性从句讲解在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。
它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
名词性从句是中学阶段的一个重要语法项目,在历年的高考中几乎都涉及到,并且每年的命题各有变化。
分析历届高考试题名词性从句考查的焦点主要有以下六个方面1. 考查名词性从句的语序问题2. 考查引导词that 与what 的区别3. 考查it 在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法4. 考查whether 与if 的区别5.考查名词性从句中的疑问词+ever 引导的名词性从句与no matter+疑问词引导的状语从句的区别6.考查名词性从句的虚拟语气问题语法要点剖析一、名词性从句主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句,在整个句子中所起的作用,相当于一个名词。
因此,这四种从句通称为名词性从句。
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:连接词:that, whether, if (不充当从句的任何成分)连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which.连接副词:when, where, how, why1.主语从句作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。
主语从句通常由从属连词that,whether,if 和连接代词 what,who,which,whatever,whoever 以及连接副词how,when,where,why 等词引导。
that 在句中无词义,只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句的成分。
例如:What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么,还不清楚。
It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。
Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.英语晚会将在哪里举行,还没有宣布。
专题06 从句(定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句)Part01 定语从句1:考点梳理1.引导定语从句的关系词;1.限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别;2.“介词+关系代词”的结构;3.关系词之间的异同及选用。
考点1定语从句的种类(1)限制性定语从句从句在句中是不可缺少的部分,去掉后主句意思往往不明确,与主句之间不用逗号隔开。
This is the house which we bought last month.(2)非限制性定语从句从句是对主句或先行词的补充和说明,去掉后不影响主句的意思,与主句之间往往用逗号隔开。
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.当先行词是专有名词或被物主代词/指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。
Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词,对其进行修饰,这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.考点2 关系代词与关系副词关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代词who 人主语Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?whom,which和that在从句中作宾语时,常可以省略,但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略,也不可以用thatwhom 人宾语Mr Smith is the person with whom I am working.The boy (whom) she loved died in the war.whose 人、物定语I like those books whose topics are about history.The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate.that 人、物主语、宾语A plane is a machine that can fly.She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.which 物主语、宾语The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.The picture which was about the accident was terrible.as 人、物主语、宾语He is such a person as is respected by all of us.This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.as作宾语一般不省略关系副词when 时间时间状语I will never forget the day when we met there.可用on which替换where 地点地点状语This is the house where I was born.可用in which 替换why 原因原因状语I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.可用for which替换考点3关系代词that和which的特殊用法1. 限制性定语从句中,只用关系代词that的情况:(1)先行词是all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much, few等不定代词。
(完整版)⾼考英语语法知识点总结专题⼀定语从句⼀、关系代词引导的定语从句1、that 指⼈或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语which 指物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语(作宾语时可以省略)who 指⼈在从句中作主语,宾语或表语whom 指⼈在从句中作宾语whose 指⼈或物在从句中作定语as 指⼈或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语but 指⼈或物在从句中作主语,宾语或表语注意:指物时,whose+名词=the+名词+of which 或of which+the+名词2、as 的⽤法(1)常⽤于下列结构:such…as; so…as;the same…as; as…as注意:the same…as 表⽰同⼀类,不同⼀个the same…that 表⽰同⼀个(2)as与which的区别a、位置不同as可放在主句后,主句前或主句中间;which只能放在主句后。
b、as起连接作⽤,表达说话⼈的观点、看法,并指出主句内容的根据或出处,意为“正如,正像”。
Which相当于并列句,可以⽤and this来代替,意为“这⼀点,这件事’”。
注意:as常⽤于下列结构:as we know/ as is known to all, as we all can see, as has been said before/above, as might be excepted, as is often the case, ⼀般不能⽤which代替as。
C、在从句中作主语时,which既可作系动词be的主语也可作实义动词的主语,⽽as只可作系动词be的主语。
3、but⽤作关系代词,相当于who/that…not例:In China there is no one but knows Lei Feng.⼆、只⽤that不⽤which的情况1、.先⾏词为all , much, everything, nothing , something ,anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时2、先⾏词被only, any, few, little, no , all, just , very ,right等修饰时.3、当先⾏词是最⾼级或被形容词最⾼级修饰时。
(完整版)高考英语【名词性从句】专题十名词性从句第一节基本知识与基本概念【什么是名词性从句?】顾名思义,主语从句在句子中作主语。
有时本身出现在主语的位置上,也有时出于句子结构的考虑退到句子的尾部,前面用形式主语it代替。
从句作主语时,谓语动词一般为单数形式。
如: What I saw was beyond any verbal description.That his hair was turning grey worried him a bit.Why the company denied the contract is still unknown.When and where the government will build a city square is under discussion.It is pretty annoying that a small part of the machine is missing.It remains to be seen whether the new novel will be well received.【宾语从句】在句子中作宾语的从句就是宾语从句。
由于这是同学们接触比较早的一种从句,应该问题不大。
所以在近年的高考题中,以宾语从句的知识作为考点的题目较少。
但是,宾语从句也有自己的特殊情况,如介词的宾语,形容词的宾语,宾语从句提前和并列的宾语从句等现象。
如:We assumed that there would be more than 100 guests.He told the police in detail what he saw and heard.Nobody is sure what humans will look like in a million years.That will depend on whether they can get the chance.Whether I will have the time I am not sure at the moment.The conductor complained that we were not gifted in singing and that he would never come again.【表语从句】表语从句的最重要脸谱就是它们应该出现在系动词的后面。
2018年江苏高考英语重点语法知识讲解(易错点)一、冠词/代词和介词注意:最近几年,江苏高考卷中并未出现考查冠词的题目;代词的考查题出现了两次,都是对不定代词的考查;单一的介词考查题也很少。
尽管如此,这三个考点的基础知识都应该牢固掌握,才能做到以不变应万变。
1、冠词:1)注意“抽象名词具体化”的现象,可以翻译成: 一种,一个,一次,一阵,一场等。
(Being able to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times.)2)动词+sb.+介词+the+身体某一部位抓(catch,hold,take,seize,)+by the+身体部位拍打(hit,strike,touch)+on the+身体部位看(look,stare,gaze)+ in the+身体部位2、代词:1)it作代词有几个小注意点:1)指代婴儿或身份不明的人2)习惯用语,本身并没有实际意义(You can make it. He has had it.)3)用于某些固定句型中,几乎成了一种习惯用法(I will appreciate it if you….. I can’t help it if you…. I hate it when…. When it comes to…..)2)those可以用来替代前面提到过的事物,即同类名词但不是同一个,相当于the+可数名词复数。
ones则是泛指,替代前面出现的可数名词复数。
3、介词:介词的宾语除了我们最熟知的名词/代词,还有1)adj/adv(be far from perfect; dropped from above) 2)介词短语(From under the table ran out a cat.)3)不定式或动名词( had no choice but to wait) 4)名词性从句(I had no idea of what he wanted.)二、名词注意:对名词的考查一直是江苏高考的重点,2015年高考卷上出现了两个名词词义辨析题,而名词与介词的搭配也是频繁出现。
高考英语名词性从句语法知识点讲解主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句作及物动词宾语作介词宾语that一般不省略可以省略一般不省略一般不省略一般不省略Whether/if(是否)放于句首时只用whether用whether/if均可,但有区别只用whether只用whether只用whether特殊疑问词注意语序要用陈述语序名词性关系从句注意语序要用陈述语序一、that 从句1、主语从句(1)that从句作主语时,常用it作形式主语,常见的句型有:It+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural,surprising,good,wonderful,funny,possible,likely,certai n,probable,etc.)+that从句It+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honor, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that从句It+be+过去分词(said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)+that从句(2)that可以省略,但that从句位于句首时,that不能省略。
2、宾语从句(1)常见的可以接that从句作宾语的动词有see, say, know, imagine, discover, believe, tell, show, think, consider, be sure, be afraid等。
在可以接复合宾语的动词之后,如think, make, consider等,可以用it作形式宾语。
(2)That从句一般不能充当介词宾语,偶尔可作except, in 的宾语。
3、表语从句(that不可省略)4、同位语从句连词that引导同位语从句时,应在某些抽象名词之后,如:fact, hope, desire, thought, suggestion, idea, news, problem, possibility等,对前面的名词起补充说明的作用,that在从句中不担当任何成分,不能省略。
高中语法精讲—名词性从句了解这样的从句前,我们先回忆下英语中常见的句子成分:主语谓语宾语表语定语状语补语同位语(再念叨一遍:理解英语中的句子成分对于长难句的理解是很有用的,阅读能力会进步飞快)那么问题来了:这些句子成分中,哪些可能是名词呢?换句话说,名词能做哪些成分呢?主语,宾语,表语和同位语是名词最中意的位置啦!如果把名词改为句子,那不就是从句了吗?有名词性功能的句子我们就给个高大上的名字——名词性从句:包括主语从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句来看个句子:Playing football is interesting.这里动名词做主语。
那按刚才说的,名词改为句子:That we play football together is interesting.that 引导的从句that we play football together在句子中是整个作了主语,所以这句就是主语从句一、名词性从句1、名词性从句中的易错点(1)that的用法。
①主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。
如:That they are good at English is known to us all.The problem is that we don’t have enough money.She expressed the hope that they would come to China one day.②宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省,在以下几种情况中that不能省略:(A)当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时,that不可省略;(B)当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时,that不能省;(C)当that作介词宾语时,that不可省掉。
如:He judged that,because he was a child, he did not understandwineEveryone knew what happened and that she was worried.The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.③that从句作主语和宾语时,可以用it 来替换成以下几种结构表达。
2018年江苏高考英语重点语法知识讲解(易错点)1一、冠词/代词和介词注意:最近几年,江苏高考卷中并未出现考查冠词的题目;代词的考查题出现了两次,都是对不定代词的考查;单一的介词考查题也很少。
尽管如此,这三个考点的基础知识都应该牢固掌握,才能做到以不变应万变。
1、 冠词: 1)注意“抽象名词具体化”的现象,可以翻译成: 一种,一个,一次,一阵,一场等。
(Beingable to afford a drink would be a comfort in those tough times 。
) 2)动词+sb.+介词+the+身体某一部位抓(catch ,hold ,take,seize,)+by the+身体部位 拍打(hit ,strike ,touch )+on the+身体部位 看(look ,stare ,gaze )+ in the+身体部位2、 代词:1)it 作代词有几个小注意点:1)指代婴儿或身份不明的人 2)习惯用语,本身并没有实际意义(You can make it. He has had it 。
) 3)用于某些固定句型中,几乎成了一种习惯用法(I will appreciate it if you….. I can’t help it if you…。
I hate it when…。
When it comes to…..)2)those 可以用来替代前面提到过的事物,即同类名词但不是同一个,相当于the+可数名词复数。
ones 则是泛指,替代前面出现的可数名词复数。
3、 介词:介词的宾语除了我们最熟知的名词/代词,还有1)adj/adv(be far from perfect; dropped fromabove ) 2)介词短语(From under the table ran out a cat.) 3)不定式或动名词( had no choice but to wait) 4)名词性从句(I had no idea of what he wanted.)二、名词注意:对名词的考查一直是江苏高考的重点,2015年高考卷上出现了两个名词词义辨析题,而名词与介词的搭配也是频繁出现。
名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。
名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
一.主语从句主语从句是在主句中作主语的句子,它由连接词引导,通常位于谓语动词之前。
1. 连词:在从句中不充当任何成分,常用见的引导主语从句的连词有三个,即that, whether和if.That he got the first prize excited him much. 他获得一等奖一事使他非常兴奋。
Whether you can succeed or not depends on how hard you work at it. 你能否功取决于你努力的程度。
注意:whether引导的主语从句常用置于句首,表示“是否”之意;if引导主语从句时不置于句首。
2. 连接代词:在从句中起名词或代词的作用,常作从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语,有具体意义且不能省略。
常见的连接代词有who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever, whatever, whichever.What we should do with the problem is undecided. 我们如何处理这上问题还未作出决定。
3. 连接副词:在从句中起副的作用,常作从句的状语,表示时间、地点、原因、方式等。
常见的连接副词有when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however等。
How they will solve the serious problem has not been decided. 他们将如何解决这个严重的问题还没有决定。
Why he did that wasn’t quite clear. 他为什么做那件事还不十分清楚。
落堕市安心阳光实验学校语法专项(六) 名词性从句考点一主语从句1.主语从句的引导词通常是:who,that,which,what,when,where,how,whether,why等。
What matters most in learning English is enough practice.学习英语最重要的是足够的练习。
That you are coming to London is the best news I have heard this long time.长久以来我听到的最好的消息就是你要来伦敦。
[考题印证](2013·东北三省三校高三一联改编)It is ________ Tom often breaks the school rules ________ makes his teacher unsatisfied with him.解析:考查名词性从句和强调句型。
分析句子结构可知,第二空是“it is...that”的强调句型;而第一空则是主语从句,且从句中并不缺少必要的成分,所以只能用that连接。
答案:that;that2.it作形式主语。
主语从句可以放在句子后面,而用it作形式主语放在句首,尤其是that引导的主语从句常用于此种句式中,即:It+be+adj./n.+thatclause。
It is obvious to the students that they should get well prepared for their future.显而易见,学生应该为他们的未来做好充分准备。
[考题印证](2013·东北三省四市高三二联改编)It gives his life a flying start________ he has gone abroad for further education.解析:考查名词性从句。
句意为:出国深造给他的生活带来了质的飞跃。
第6讲名词性从句1.We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to20,half of________ it used to charge.(2017·江苏,26)A.that B.whichC.what D.how答案 C解析考查宾语从句。
句意为:我们选择这家旅馆,因为这里一晚的价格降到了20美元,这是它以前要价的一半。
从句意看,本句的half of部分在句中作20的同位语,由此可知这里要用what引导宾语从句,作介词of的宾语,同时what在宾语从句中又作charge的宾语,因此选C。
2.Every year,________ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.(2017·北京,23) A.whatever B.whoeverC.whomever D.whichever答案 B解析考查主语从句。
句意为:每年,在风筝节上风筝做得最漂亮的人会赢得奖品。
whoever 无论谁,表泛指,在句中作主语,相当于anyone who。
whomever在句中只能作宾语,不合题意;whatever任何……的事物;whichever无论哪个,无论哪些。
3.Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street,not knowing ________ she was heading.(2017·北京,26) A.why B.whereC.how D.when答案 B解析考查宾语从句。
句意为:简沿着绿树成荫的街道漫无目的地走着,并不知道要去哪里。
why为什么;how怎样;when什么时候。
4.She asked me ________ I had returned the books to the library,and I admitted that I hadn’t.(2017·天津,4)A.when B.whereC.whether D.what答案 C解析考查宾语从句。
句意为:她问我是否已将那些书还给了图书馆,我承认还没还。
when 什么时候;where在哪里;what什么,均不符合语境。
5.It is often the case ________ anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.(2016·江苏,21) A.why B.what C.as D.that答案 D解析考查主语从句。
句意为:通常情况下,对于那些心存希望的人来说,一切皆有可能。
本句中的it为形式主语,真正的主语为后面的名词性从句,从句结构完整,不缺成分,故要用that引导。
6.The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is ________ one can be entirely free from dust.(2016·北京,29) A.what B.thatC.whether D.why答案 B解析考查表语从句。
句意为:雨季最令人愉快的事情是人可以完全不受灰尘的袭扰。
分析句子结构可知is后的表语从句中不缺少成分,且句意完整,故选B。
7.The manager put forward a suggestion ________ we should have an assistant.There is too much work to do.(2016·天津,11)A.whether B.thatC.which D.what答案 B解析考查同位语从句。
句意为:经理提了个建议——我们应雇个助手。
要做的工作太多了。
分析句子结构可知,空格后的同位语从句用来解释说明suggestion的具体内容,从句中不缺成分且意义完整,故选B项。
8.Your support is important to our work.________ you can do helps.(2016·北京,24) A.However B.WhoeverC.Whatever D.Wherever答案 C解析考查主语从句。
句意为:你们的支持对我们的工作很重要,无论你们做什么都会有帮助。
从句动词do需要宾语,且引导主语从句,故用whatever。
9.________ Li Bai,a great Chinese poet,was born is known to the public,but some won’t accept it.(2015·江苏,25)A.That B.WhyC.Where D.How答案 C解析考查主语从句。
句意为:李白,一个伟大的中国诗人,其出生地是众所周知的,但也有一些人不接受它。
“Where Li Bai...was born”是主语从句,表示“李白出生的地方”。
10.I truly believe ________ beauty comes from within.(2015·北京,33)A.that B.whereC.what D.why答案 A解析考查宾语从句。
句意为:我真的相信美来自人的内心。
宾语从句意思完整只缺连接词,故选A。
11.________ we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.(2015·北京,35) A.Where B.HowC.Why D.When答案 B解析考查主语从句。
句意为:我们怎样理解事物与我们所感觉到的东西有很大关系。
分析句子结构可知“________ we understand things”为主语,结合句意可知选B。
12.If you swim in a river or lake,be sure to investigate ________ is below the water surface.Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.(2015·浙江,6)A.what B.whoC.that D.whoever答案 A解析考查宾语从句。
句意为:如果你在河里或湖里游泳的话,务必调查清楚水面之下有什么。
水中经常隐藏着石头或树枝。
分析句子结构可知,此处investigate后接了宾语从句,从句缺少主语,故用what引导。
13.A ship in harbor is safe,but that’s not________ ships are built for.(2015·安徽,25) A.what B.whomC.why D.when答案 A解析考查表语从句。
句意为:船停在港口里是很安全的,但这并非建造船的目的。
that’s not 后跟从句作表语,表语从句中的for后缺少宾语,用what引导,故选A。
why和when是连接副词,不能作宾语;whom指人。
14.—I wonder ________ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.—By working out every day.(2015·福建,29)A.where B.howC.why D.if答案 B解析考查宾语从句。
句意为:——我想知道玛丽这些年是如何保持了那么好的身材。
——通过每天锻炼。
根据回答by doing可知问的是方式。
15.You have to know ________ you’re going if you are to plan the best way of getting there.(2015·湖南,26) A.what B.thatC.where D.who答案 C解析考查宾语从句。
句意为:你如果要计划到达那里的最好的方法,就得知道自己要往哪里去。
分析句子结构可知,know后的______ you’re going是宾语从句,从句中缺少地点状语,故用where。
16.Reading her biography,I was lost in admiration for ________ Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.(2015·陕西,19)A.what B.thatC.why D.how答案 A解析考查宾语从句。
句意为:读了多丽丝·莱辛的传记,我对她在文学上获得的成就钦佩不已。
分析句子结构可知,介词for后接的是宾语从句,从句中缺少achieve的宾语,故用what 引导。
17.The exhibition tells us ________ we should do something to stop air pollution.(2015·四川,8) A.where B.whyC.what D.which答案 B解析考查宾语从句。
句意为:这个展览告诉了我们为什么我们要阻止空气污染。
宾语从句缺少状语,故选项C、D错误;where表示地点,不符合题意,故选B,why表示“……的原因”。
18.We must find out ________ Karl is coming,so we can book a room for him.(2015·重庆,8) A.when B.howC.where D.why答案 A解析考查宾语从句。
句意为:我们一定要搞清楚Karl什么时候来,以便我们给他订房间。
由句意可知,要给Karl订房间,那么就要清楚他来这里的时间,故选when。
19.—What a mess!You are always so lazy!—I’m not to blame,mum.I am ________ you have made me.(2014·江苏,26)A.how B.whatC.that D.who答案 B解析考查表语从句。
句意为:——这么乱!你总是这么懒!——妈妈,要怪也不应当怪我啊。
我这么懒也是你娇惯出来的。
分析句子结构可知,I am后是表语从句,引导词what在从句中作me的补足语,相当于the one/person that,即I am the one/person that you have made me.。
20.Pick yourself up.Courage is doing ________ you’re afraid to do.(2014·福建,34)A.that B.whatC.how D.whether答案 B解析考查宾语从句。