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Unit 1Chapter 1 Napoleon¡¡¡¡Napoleon, born in 1769 in Corsica, was a French soldier who became emperor of the French Empire. He was sent to the military school in France at the age of 10. Actually, Napoleon was not very excellent in most of his subjects but mathematics and military science. When 16, he enrolled in the French army. In that year, he began his military career that brought him fame, power, riches, and, finally, defeat. Napoleon was promoted to the general of the French army at the very young age of 24. a few years later, he became the emperor of the French Empire. Napoleon was really an outstanding military leader and his soldier was extremely loyal to him. Consequently, he gained lots of victories. Once he took control of most of the Europe. However, he was battled by many countries including England, Russia and Austria. He was defeated when attacked Russia. In this campaign he lost most of his army.¡¡¡¡ In 1821, Napoleon, the great conqueror, died alone, abandoned by his family and friends. And he was only 51 years old when died. Chapter 2 PompeiiMore than 2000years ago, Pompeii was a very beautiful city, located on the Bay of Naples. A large number of wealthy Romans spent their summers in this city, to flee the metropolitan noise and heat, same as the modern people do.In 79 CE, a young boy came to visit his uncle in Pompeii. One day, the young boy was looking into the sky. He saw a very large dark cloud rising high into the sky. Rock and ash overflew through the air. What the young boy found was the eruption of volcano, Vesuvius. Even worse, the city of Pompeii lay at the foot of Vesuvius.At the first eruption, about 18000 people were able to escape the terrible catastrophe, to escape death. Unluckily, there were still over 2000 people dead, buried alive under the volcanic ash. The explosion terribly lasted for three days. When the explosion was over, Pompeii was covered by 20feet of volcanic rock and ash. The city of Pompeii was buried and forgotten for 1700 years.It was not until in 1748 that an Italian farmer discovered a part of the city of Pompeii. Before long, archaeologists set out to excavate in the area. As time passed, plenty of th city was uncovered. Nowadays, tourists around the world come to visit the ruins of Pompeii.Unit 2Chapter4 The InternetThe process that information leaves one computer to another computer through networks relies on routers, specialized computers. Their job is to conduct the informant through the networks. Firstly, the information is separated into very small packets, with the address ofthe sender and of the receiver, and the information on how to replace the packets together. Then, the packets are packed off via the Internet. Thirdly, when a packet arrives at a router, the router gets the destination address and then decides the best route to reach the destination for the packet. All the packets might reach the destination in the same route or in different routes. Finally, all packets are placed in to the correct order, when they reach their destination.Unit 3Chapter7 A Tidal WaveMany scientists call tidal wave tsunami, which is the meaning of storm wave in Japanese. A tidal wave is a vey big and fatal wall of water that dashes in from the sea toward the shore. Compared with true tide, which is the regular rise and fall of ocean water at certain time each day, a tidal wave comes up very abruptly and unexpectedly. A tidal wave is caused by an under-water earthquake, called seaquake, the word ¡°sea¡± which means ocean, and the word ¡°quake¡± which means ¡°shake¡± or ¡°tremble¡±. During a tidal wave, the ocean floor shakes and trembles and sometimes shifts. The shifting produces the tidal wave that removes across the ocean at a rapid clip.Tidal waves have killed many people in the past. Nowadays, scientists use a seismograph to predict when a tidal wave will attack land. It is out of the question that it can stop a tidal wave, but it is possible to warn people that a tidal wave is coming, which can save many lives. Unit4Chapter 11 Lincoln and KennedyKennedy and Lincoln were different in living era, family and education backgrounds. Kennedy was born in 1917, lived in the 20th century. He came from a wealthy family which provided him the chance to go to expensive private schools, and graduate from Harvard University. Lincoln was born in 1809 and lived in the 19th century. His family was not rich so that he attended school only one year. But he taught himself law, and then became an outstanding lawyer.However, there are also interesting similarities in their lives. Lincoln began his career as a congressman, so did Kennedy. Lincoln was elected to the House in 1847, and Kennedy was in 1947. It was just 100 years apart. In addition, Lincoln was elected president in 1860, and Kennedy was in 1960. It was also just 100 years apart. Furthermore, they both were president during the period of civil ferment. Lincoln was president during the American civil war, and Kennedy was during the civil rights demonstration.Another interesting similarity was that they both were assassinated while in office. More impressively both of them were shot when they were sitting next to their wives. At last, these two outstanding Americans both had a marvelous impact on the social and political lifeand the imagination of the American people.。
