组织行为学复习资料

组织⾏为学复习资料

第⼀章chapter1 what is organizational behavior1、管理者的管理活动——what managegers do

Make decisions(做出决策)；allocate resources(分配资源)；direct activities of others to attain goals(指导别⼈的活动从⽽实现⼯作⽬标)；work in an organization2、管理的四个功能——four functions

Control ,plan, lead, organize

3、罗伯特卡茨的管理技能——katz’s essential management skills

（1）technical skills:the ability to apply specialized knoledge or expertise. （2）human skills:the ability to work withunderstand and motivate other people,both individually an in groups

（3）conceptual skills:the mental ability to analyze and dizagnose complex sitnations4、组织⾏为学——organizational behavior

英⽂：a field of study that investigates the impact,that individuals,groups and structure have on behavior withinorganizations,for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an oranganization’s effectiveness.

中⽂：组织⾏为学是⼀个研究领域，它探讨个体，群体，以及结构对组织内部⾏为的影响，⽬的是应⽤这些知识改善组织绩效。（记）

第⼆章chapter2 functions of individual behavior1、能⼒(ability)：an individual’s capacity to perform the various tasks in a job.

个体能够成功完成⼯作中各项任务的可能性。2、⼼理能⼒的7个维度（dimensions of intellectual ability）

(1)Number aptitude算数能⼒; (2)verbal comprehension⾔语理解;

(3) perceptual speed知觉速度; (4)inductive reasoning归纳整理;

(5)deductive reasoning演绎推理; (6)spatial visualization空间知觉;

(7)memory记忆⼒

3、⼈物传记的特点（biographical characteristics）

Gender; race; age; tenure; religion; sexual orientation; gender identity

4、学习(learning)

Any relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs as a result of experience.

5、经典条件反射（classical conditioning）

a type of conditioning in which an individual responds to some stimulus that would not ordinarily produce such a response.

个体对于某些刺激产⽣了这些刺激本⾝不能引起的反应。Key concepts:

Unconditioned stimulus ⽆条件刺激conditioned stimulus条件刺激Unconditioned response ⽆条件反应conditioned response条件反应6、操作性条件反射(operant conditioning)

a type of conditioning in which desired voluntary behavior leads to a reward or prevents a punishment.

通过条件作⽤，个体获得他们想要的东西或逃避他们不想要的东西。7、⾏为塑造（managerial tool）

systematically reinforcing each successive step that moves an individual closer to the desire response.

通过循序渐进地强化每⼀个连续步骤，使个体逐渐趋近理想的反应。Four methods of shaping behavior

Positive reinforcement积极强化Negavite reinforcement消极强化Punishment 惩罚Extinction忽视

第三章（chapter3）attitudes and job satisfication1、attitude

evaluative statements or judgments concering objects people or events.

关于物体，⼈物事件的评价性陈述或判断。Three components of an attitude

(1)cognitive component认知成分

t he opinion or belief segment of an attitude 观点或信仰

(2)affective component 情感成分

the emotional or feeling segment of an attitude

情感成分是态度中情绪的感受部分(3)behavior component⾏为成分

an intention to behave in a certain way toward someone or something

个体以某种⽅式对某事或某⼈做出某种⾏为的意向。2、认知失调理论（cognitive dissonance）

any incompatibility between two or more attitudes or between behavior and attitudes .认知失调是指任何的不和谐，如个体可能感受到的两种或多种态度之

间的不⼀致，也可能感受到的是⾏为与态度之间的不和谐。

如何降低失调：Consistency is achieved by changing the attitudes modifying the behaviors or through rationalization.

改变态度，改变⾏为或者为这种不⼀致找⼀种合理的理由。3、⼯作满意度（job satisfaction）

A positive feeling about the job resulting from an evaluation of it’s

characteristies.

⼯作满意度指由于对⼯作特点进⾏评估⽽产⽣的对⼯作的积极感觉。

第⼋章(chapter8) emotion and mood1. 情绪和⼼境的来源（sources of emotion and mood）

Personality; day and time of the week; weather; stress; social activities; sleep; exercise; age; gender;

2、情绪劳动(emotional labor)

An employee’s expression of organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal translations at work.

指员⼯在⼯作中的⼈际交往过程中表现出零组织满意的情绪。3、情绪和⼼境在组织⾏为学中的应⽤（OB applications of emotions and moods）Selection选拔Negotiation谈判Decision making决策Customer services客户服务

Motivation 动机Deviant workplace behaviors⼯作场所中的越轨⾏为

第⼗⼀章(chapter11) communication1、交流（communication）

The transference and the understanding of meaning.意义的传递和理解

2、交流的功能(communication functions)

Control member behavior控制员⼯⾏为

Foster motivation for whan is to be done 激励员⼯

Provide a release for emotional expression

提供⼀种情感释放的情绪表达机制Provide information needed to make decision提供决策所需要的信息

3、有效沟通障碍（barriers to effective communication）

Filtering过滤

Selective perception 选择性知觉

Information overload 信息超载

Language语⾔

Communication apprehension沟通恐惧

Gender difference性别差异

第⼗三章(chapter13) contemporary issues in leadership当代领导议题1、what is leadership？The ability to influence a group toward the achevement of goals.

能够影响⼀个群体实现⽬标的权⼒2、four characteristics of characteristic leaders领袖魅⼒领导的四个特征（1）have a vision有愿景

（2）any willing to take personal risks to achieve the vision

愿意为了实现愿景⼆进⾏个⼈冒险

（3）are sensitive to follower needs对下属需要⼗分敏感

（4）exibit behaviors that are out of the ordinary⾏为表现超出常规3、四种基本的领导素质

（1）individual competency个⼈能⼒（2）team skills团队技能（3）managerial competence 管理胜任⼒

（4）ability to stimulate others to high performance