2018年12月四级翻译解析(新东方版)

2018年12月大学英语四级考试精编解析(第三套)Part Ⅰ Writing范文The Challenges of Starting a Career After GraduationThe recent years have witnessed a sharp rise in the number of college students who successfully start their careers after graduation. However, many others fail to do so because the transition from a student to an employee is actually full of challengesFirst of all, you might not be popular with every colleague, which is frustrating for a newcomer of the workplace. So you’d better try to make a good impression on all of your workmates, especially your boss. Furthermore, there probably is a gap between what you learned at school and what you are acquired to do at work. You have to learn quickly and avoid making too many stupid mistakes. Finally, you may find you are always on a tight budget because of the low salary for a new graduate and all kinds of living expenses, which make it difficult to make the ends meet.As the old proverb goes, “Well begun is half gone.” If you can handle these challenges skillfully after graduation, you will clear the path for further career development, either job promotion or starting your own business. So hang on and never give up!Part II Listening Comprehension说明：由于2018年12月四级考试全国共考了两套听力，本套真题听力与前两套内容相同，只是选项顺序不同，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。

英语四级真题2018年12月（第三套）试卷及答案解析2018年12月四级考试真题（第三套）Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the challenges of starting a career after graduation. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section A．Directions: In th· is section, you will hear three news reports.A t the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions.Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the en mar e corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with best answer from the four choices marked A) , B) , C) and D) . Th k tha single line through the centre.说明：2018年12月四级真题全国共考了两套听力。

本套的听力内容与第二套的完全一样，只是选项的顺序不一样而巳，故在本套中不再重复给出。

Part ill Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. Yo u are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is ident加d by a letter: Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2 with a single line through the centre. Yo u may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.A few months ago, I was down with a terrible cold whichended in a persistent bad cough. No matter how many different 26 I tried, I still couldn't get rid of the cough. Not only did it 27 my teaching but also my life as a whole. Then one day after class, a student came up to me and 28 traditional Chinese medicine. From her description, Chinese medicine sounded as if it had magic power that worked wonders. I was 29 because I knew so little about it and have never tried it before. Eventually, my cough got so much 30 that I couldn't sleep at night, so I decided to give it a try. The Chinese doctor took my pulse and asked to see my tongue, both of which were new 31 to me because they are both non-existent in Western medicine. Then the doctor gave me a scraping (刮）treatment known as "Gua Sha". I was a little 32 at first because he used a smooth edged tool to scrape the skin on my neck and shoulders. A few minutes later, the 33 strokes started to produce a relieving effect and my body and mind began to 34 deeper into relaxation. I didn't feel any improvement in my condition in the first couple of days, but after a few more regular visits to the doctor, my cough started to 35 . Then, within a matter of weeks, it was completely gone!A)deepen B) e xperiences C)hesitantD)" mconvemence E) l essen F) l icensesG) p ressured H) r ecommended!)remediesJ) s cared K) s ensitive L) s inkM) t emporary N)tremble O)worseSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. I dentify the paragraph from which the information i.s derived. You maychoose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Is it really OK to eat food that's fallen on the floor?A) W hen you drop a piece of food on the floor, is it really OK to eat if you pick it up within five seconds? An urban food myth contends that if food spends just a few seconds on the floor, dirt and germs won't have much of a chance to contaminate it. Research in my lab has focused on how food becomes contaminated, and we've done some work on this particular piece of wisdom.B)W怕le the "five-second rule" might not seem like the most pressing issue for food scientists to get to the bottom of, it's still worth investigating food myths like this one because they shape our beliefs about when food is safe to eat.C) S o is five seconds on the floor the critical threshold (门槛）that separates a piece of eatable food from a case of food poisoning? It's a bit more complicated than that. It depends on just how many bacteria can make it from floor to food in a few seconds and just how dirty the floor is.D) W ondering if food is still OK to eat after it's dropped on the floor is a pretty common experience. And it's probably not a new one either. A well-known, but inaccurate, story about Julia Child may have contributed to this food myth. Some viewers of her cooking show, The French Chef, insist they saw Child drop lamb on the floor and pick it up, with the advice that if they were alone in the kitchen, their guests would never know.E) I n fact it was a potato pancake, and it fell on the stovetop, not on the floor. Child put it back in the pan, saying, "But you can always pick it up and if you're alone in the kitchen, who's goingto see it?" But the misremembered story persists. It's harder to pin down the origins of the oft-quoted five-second rule, but a 2003 study reported that 70% of women and 56% of men surveyed were familiar with the five-second rule and that women were more likely than men to eat food that had dropped on the floor.F) S o what does science tell us about what a few moments on the floor means for the safety of you food? The earliest research report on the five-second rule is attributed to Jillian Clarke, a high school student participating in aresearch project at the University of Illinois.Clarke and her colleagues introduced bacteria to floor tiles (瓷砖）and then placed cookies on the tiles for varying times. They reported bacteria were transferred from the tiles to the cookies within five seconds, but didn't report the specific amount of bacteria that made it from the tiles to the food.G)But how many bacteria actually transfer in five seconds? In 2007, my lab at Clemson University published a study in the Journal of Applied Microbiology. We wanted to know if the length of time food is in contact with a contaminated surface affected the rate of transfer of bacteria to the food. To find out, we introduced bacteria to squares of tile, carpet or wood.Five minutes after that, we placed either bacon or bread on the surface for 5, 30 or 60 seconds, and then measured the number of bacteria transferred to the food. W e repeated this exact procedure after the bacteria had been on the surface for 2, 4, 8 and 24 hoursH) W e found that the number of bacteria transferred to either kind of food didn't depend much on how long the food was in contact with the contaminated surface—whether for a fewseconds or for a whole minute. The overall number of bacteria on the surface mattered more, and this decreased over time after the initial introduction. It looks like what's at issue is less how long your food stays on the floor and much more how contaminated with bacteria that patch of floor happens to be.I) W e also found that the kind of surface made a difference as well. Carpets, for instance, seem to be slightly better places to drop your food than wood or tile. When a carpet was contaminated, less than 1 %of the bacteria were transferred.But when the food was in contact with tile or wood, 48-70% of bacteria were.J) L ast year, a study from Aston University in the UK used nearly identical parameters (参数）to our study and found similar results. They also reported that 87 %of people asked either would eat or had eaten food fallen on the floor. K) Should you eat food fallen on the floor then? From a food safety standpoint, if you have millions or more bacteria on a surface, 0.1 %is still enough to make you sick. Also, certain types of bacteria are extremely harmful, and it takes only a small number to make you sick. For example, 10 bacteria or less of an especially deadly strain of bacteria can cause severe illness and death in people with compromised immune systems. B ut the chance of these bacteria being on most surfaces is very low.L) A nd it's not just dropping food on the floor that can lead to bacterial contamination.Bacteria are carried by various "media", which can include raw food, moist surfaces where bacteria have been left, our hands or skin and from coughing or sneezing (打喷咙）. Hands, foods and utensils (器皿）can carry individual bacteria living in communities contained within a protective film. These microscopic layers of deposits containingbacteria are known as biofilms and they are found on most surfaces and objects. Biofilm communities can harbor bacteria longer and are very difficult to clean. Becteria in these communities also have an enhanced resistance to sanit也ers(清洁剂）and antibiotics compared to bacteria living on their own.M) S o the next time you consider eating fallen food, the odds are in your favor that you can eat it without getting sick. But in the rare chance that there is a micro-organism that can make you sick on the exact spot where the food dropped, you can be fairly sure that the bug is on the food you are about to put in your mouth.N) R esearch or common sense tells us that the best thing to do is keep your hands, utensils and other surfaces clean.36.A research project found bacteria made their way to the food on the floor in five seconds.37. W hether food is contaminated depends much on the number of bacteria that get onto it.38.Food contamination may result from various factors other than food dropping on the floor.39.Males are less likely than females to eat food that may have been contaminated.40. T he author's research centers around how food gets contaminated.41.Keeping everything clean is the best way to stay healthy.42.Chances are you will not fall sick because of eating food picked up from the floor.43.For a long time people have had the experience of deciding whether or not to eat food picked up from the floor.44.Some strains of bacteria are so harmful that a tiny few can have deadly consequences.45.Researchers found how many bacteria got onto the food did not have much to do with how long the food stayed ona contaminated floor.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. E ach passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. Fo r each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) a nd D). Yo u should decide on the best choice and markthe corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.The latest in cat research reveals that the lovely animal seems to have a basic grasp on both the laws of physics and the ins and outs of cause and effect.According to a newly published study, cats seem to be able to predict the location of hiding prey (猎物）using both their ears and an inborn(天生的）understanding of how the physical world works.In a recent experiment, Japanese researchers taped 30 domestic cats reacting to a container that a te皿member shook. S ome containers rattled (发出响声）；others did not. W hen the con血ner tipped over, sometimes an object fell out and sometimes it didn't.It turns out that the cats were remarkably smart about what would happen when a container was tipped over. When an object did not drop out of the bottom of a rattling container, they looked at it for a longer time than they did when the container behaved as expected."Cats use a causal-logical understanding of noise or soundsto predict the appearance of invisible objects," lead researcher Saho Takagi says in a press release. T he researchers conclude that cats'hunting style may have developed based on their common-sense abilities to infer where prey is, using their hearing.Scientists have explored this idea with other endearing creatures: babies. L ike cats, babies appear to engage in what's called "preferential looking"—looking longer at things that are interesting or unusual than things they perceiveas normal.When babies'expectations are violated in experiments like the ones performed with the cats, they react much like their animal friends.Psychologists have shown that babies apparently expect their world to comply with the laws of physics and cause and effect as early as two months of age.Does the study mean that cats will soon grasp the ins and outs of cause and effect? Maybe. Okay, s o cats may not be the next physics faculty members at America's most important research universities. But by demonstrating their common sense, they've shown that the divide between cats and humans may not be that great after all.46. What do we learn from a newly published study about cats?A) They can be trained to understand the physical world.B) They know what kind of prey might be easier to hunt.C) They have a natural ability to locate animals they hunt.D) They are capable of telling which way their prey flees.47.What may account for the cats'response to the noise from the containers?A) Their inborn sensitivity to noise.C) Their special ability to perceive. B) Their unusual sense ofdirection.D) Their mastery of cause and effect.48. W hat is characteristic of the way cats hunt, according to the Japanese researchers?A) They depend on their instincts.C) They wait some time before attack.49.In what way do babies behave like cats?A) They focus on what appears odd.C) They do what they prefer to do.50. W hat can we conclude about cats from the passage?A) They have higher intelligence than many other animals.B) They interact with the physical world much like humans.C) They display extraordinarily high intelligence in hunting.D) They can aid physics professors in their research work.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage. B) They rely mainly on their hearing.D) They use both their ears and eyes.B) They view the world as normal. D) They are curious about everything.Imagine you enter a car with no steering wheel, no brake or accelerator pedals (踏板）. Under a voice-activated command, you say an address. "The fastest route will take us 15.3 minutes. Should I take it?" You say "yes" and you are on your way. T he car responds and starts moving all by itself. All you have to do is sit back and relax.How weird would it be if, one day in the future, everyone had such a car? No crazy driving, no insults, no cutting in; traffic laws would be respected and driving much safer. O n the other hand, imagine the cost savings for local police enforcement and townbudgets without all those speeding and parking tickets.A new technology has the potential to change modem society in radical ways.There's no question that self-driving vehicles could be an enormous benefit. T he potential for safer cars means accident statistics would drop: some 94% of road accidents in the U.S. involve human error. Older drivers and visually-or physically-impaired people would gain a new level of freedom. Maintaining safe speeds and being electric, self-driving cars would drastically reduce pollution levels and dependency on non-renewable fuels.Roads would be quieter, people safer.But we must also consider the impact of the new technology on those who now depend on driving for their livelihoods. According to the U.S. Department of Labor, in May 2015 there were 505, 660 registered school bus drivers. T he American Trucking Association lists approximately 3.5 million professional truck drivers in the U.S ..The companies developing self-driving vehicles should be partnering with state and federal authorities to offerretraining for this massive workforce, many of whom will be displaced by the new technology. This is similar to what's happening in the coal and oil industries, a situation that fuels much of the current political discontent in this country.New technologies will, and should, be developed. T his is how society moves forward. However, progress can't be one-sided. It is necessary for the companies and state agencies involved to consider the ethical consequences of these potential changes to build a better future for all.61. W hat would be the impact of the extensive use of driverless cars?A) People would be driving in a more civilized way.B) It wouldsave local governments a lot of money.C) More policemen would be patrolling the streets.D) Traffic regulations would be a thing of the past.52.How would the elderly and the disabled benefit from driverless cars?A) They could enjoy greater mobility.C) They would have no trouble driving.B) They would suffer no road accidents.D) They could go anywhere they want.53.What would be the negative impact of driverless cars?A) The conflict between labor and management would intensify.B) The gap between various sectors of society would be widened.C) Professional drivers would have a hard time adapting to new road conditions.D)Numerous professional drivers would have to find new ways of earning a living.54. W hat is the result of the introduction of new technologies in energy industries?A)Political dissatisfaction.C) Fossil fuel conservation.B) Retraining of employees.D) Business restructuring.55.What does the author suggest businesses and the government do?A)Keep pace with technological developments.B) Make new technologies affordable to everyone.C) Enable everyone to benefit from new technologies.D) Popularize the use of new technologies and devicesPart IV Translation (30 minutes) Directions: For t如s part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese intoEnglish. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.过去几年里，移动支付市场在中国蓬勃发展。

作文一：Directions：For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay onThe challenges of starting a career after graduation.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Nowadays, more and more graduates are inclined to start a career after graduation, however, considering the current employment circumstance, it is undoubtedly that setting up a business of their own would be bound to meet quite a lot of challenges.To be specific, there proves to be a cruel reality that we cannot ignore that entrepreneurship requires some basic qualifications, including appropriate opportunities, initial capital, social resources and management ability, the majority of which, unfortunately, happens to be the student entrepreneurs’ shorta ge. In addition, the fiercer competition and mature market inevitably and correspondingly evolve into the emerging handicap to launch a business successfully, which present higher demand for students.Therefore, as an undergraduate, in my own view, we should make a rational plan, accumulate related experience and build up a network before starting our own business.作文二：Directions：For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay onThe challenges of starting a career after graduation.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Personally speaking, influenced by the inevitable result of social advancement, the phenomenon of starting a career after graduation has been a prevalent tendency in our society. And it also has been a hot topic among the individuals. As for me, I deem that starting a career after graduation has numerous challenges .When it comes to the challenges when we start a career after gradution , the driving challenges can be summarized as below. For one thing , we have to solve the problem of money, because it is the base of a successful career. For another, the firece competition which we confront with may be a kind of difficulty for every student.I think starting a career after graduation has numerous challenges to be solved, and positive attitude and careful consideration are essential for students.作文三：Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay onThe challenges of studying abroad.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.With economic globalization and cultural integration go side by side, an increasing number of college students are inclined to study abroad, including senior middle school students.The challenges of studying abroad can be listed as below. Initially, different habits and customs can cast some unexpected effects on our life. We are not used to living in a completely strange environment. Similarly, teaching philosophy and methods among diverse countries are contradictory sometimes, which is not suitable for juveniles. At last, studying abroad needs huge expense. Not only should our parents take pressure, but also we do heavy part-time jobs after school.By and large, were it left to me to comment, I would recommend that students are expectedto fully consider whether studying abroad is the best choice for themselves and their family.翻译一：由于通信网络的快速发展，中国智能手机用户数量近年来以惊人度增长。

【2018年12月四级试卷一参考答案】【听力参考原文】News 1A device that weighs less than one kilogram is part of a mission that will allow scientists to deliver fourth generation or 4G mobile coverage to the moon in 2019. If successful, the tiny device will provide the moon with its first ever mobile phone network. The lunar network will support high definition streaming of video and data between the moon and earth. The network is part of a mission to the moon. This is a project with the goal of landing the first privately paid for mission to the moon. The 4G mission is set to launch from Cape Canaveral in the United States on a space X Falcon 9 rocket in 2019. Mission to the moon intends to establish and test the first elements of a communications network on the moon. The scientists working on the project opted to build a 4G rather than a fifth generation or 5G network. This is because fifth generation networks are still in testing and trial phases. This means that a 5G network may not yet be stable enough to work on the moon‘s surfaceQuestion 1：What are scientists planning to do？Question 2：Why did scientists choose to set up a 4G network in their mission？一个重量不到一公斤的设备是一项任务的一部分，该任务将允许科学家在2019年向月球提供第四代或4G移动覆盖。

2018年12月大学英语四级翻译三套真题试卷解析（新东方版）Part IV Translation （30 minutes）Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer sheet 2.越来越多的中国人现在的确离不开手机了。

他们中的许多人，包括老年人，都使用手机应用程序保持联系并拓宽朋友圈。

他们也用手机购物，查找信息，因为手机便于携带。

此外，使用手机应用程序通信比传统电话便宜。

然而，这种新趋势导致人们在社交时过度依赖手机，事实上，一些年轻人已经变得十分上瘾，以至于忽略了与家人和朋友面对面的交流。

【译文】More and more Chinese people can't separate from mobile phones. Many of them, including old people, use the mobile apps to stay/keep in touch and broaden their circle of friends. They also use their mobile phones to shop and find information because they are easy to carry(portable). In addition, communication using mobile apps is cheaper than traditional phones. However, this new trend has led people to rely too much on mobile phones when they socialize. In fact, some young people have become so addicted that they neglect face-to-face communication with family and friends.越来越多的中国人现在的确离不开手机了。

2018年12月大学英四级阅读试卷解析Section A（空气污染篇）millions die early from air pollution each year. Air pollution costs the global economy more than $5 trillion annually in welfare costs, with the most serious 26__ occurring in the developing world. The figures include a number of costs 27__ with air pollution. Only considering lost income alone amounts to $225 billion a year.The report includes both indoor and outdoor air pollution. Indoor pollution, which includes28__ like home heating and cooking, has remain 29__over the past several decades despite advances in the area. Levels of outdoor pollution have grown rapidly along with rapid growth in industry and transportation. Director of Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Chris Murray 30__ it a s an “urgent call to action.” “One of the risk factors for premature deaths is the air we breathe, over which individuals have little 31__,” he said.The effects of air pollution are worst in the developing world, where in some places lost labor income 32__ nearly 1% of GDP. Around 9 and 10 people in low and middle income countries live in places where they 33__ experience dangerous levels of outdoor air pollution.But the problem is not limited 34__ to the developing world. Thousands die prematurely in the U.S. as a result of related ailments. In many European countries, where diesel 35__ have become more common in recent years, that number reaches in the tens of thousands.题目解析：本次四级选词填空相比往年的难度并没有过多差异，单词的考察的还是不同词性用法以及词正确形式的使用。

2018.12四级翻译王泓锦由于通信网络的快速发展，中国（的）智能手机用户数量近年来以惊人速度增长。

这极大地改变了许多人的阅读方式。

due to / owing to / because of + n./v-ingbecause + 句子 = 原因状语从句Due to the rapid growth of communication network, the number of smartphone users in China has increased at an surprising rate in recent years, which has made major changes to the way many people read.growth = developmentat … rateextremely/very quickly / fastDue to the rapid growth of communication network, the number of smartphone users in China has increased at an surprising rate in recent years. This has changed a lot the way of reading of many people.extremely/considerablya lot他们现在经常在智能手机上看新闻和文章，而不买传统报刊。

Nowadays they often read news and articles on their smartphones instead of buying traditional newspapers and periodicals.instead of doing sth.rather than do sth.passagesmagazines大量移动应用程序(apps)的开发使人们能用手机读小说和其他形式的文学作品。

四六级英语讲座第001讲：四级翻译解析（2018-12“手机阅读”）我们的第一讲从是2018年12月四级真题的三篇翻译开始。

首先，通过对历年四六级翻译试题的研究，加上四六级阅卷和培训的经历，可以很明确地说，作为衡量“非英语专业”大学生综合运用英语能力的水平测试，四六级英语主要考查知识广度、做题速度，而知识深度和精度是次要的。

也就是说，所考查的知识和能力相对“浅显”，以高中所学的语法结构为核心，扩充了“两会”和“三会”级别的词汇量，在其他的题型中适当增加了难度。

从下面的翻译解析中就可以很清楚地看出这一点。

第一篇需要翻译的段落。

由于通信网络的快速发展，中国智能手机用户数量近年来以惊人的速度增长。

这极大地改变了许多人的阅读方式。

他们现在经常在智能手机上看新闻和文章，而不买传统报刊。

大量移动应用程序的开发使人们能用手机读小说和其他形式的文学作品。

因此，纸质书籍的销售受到了影响。

但调查显示，尽管智能手机阅读市场稳步增长，超半数成年人仍喜欢纸质书。

分析：由于通信网络的快速发展，中国智能手机用户数量近年来以惊人的速度增长。

后半部分是主句，前半部分是原因状语（可以作为从句或也可以作为结构来翻译）。

“由于”后面是“通信网络的快速发展”，因此可将“由于”用介词短语表示。

可供选用的有thanks to, owing to, because of等，其中的to 和of 均为介词。

由于该句偏向积极因素，因此选择thanks to合适一些。

“快速发展”译为rapid development, 其中rapid作名词时，表示急流，高速交通工具，高速交通网；作形容词时，表示快速的，险峻的，[摄] 感光快的。

参考例句：This signals a rapid change of mind by the government.（这标志着政府思想的急剧转变）。

因此，译为thanks to the rapid development of communication networks.中国智能手机用户数量近年来以惊人的速度增长。

Section A几个月前，我因为患了重感冒病倒了，结果一直咳嗽得很厉害。

无论我尝试了多少种不同的[26]治疗方法，我仍然咳嗽不止。

这不仅给我的教学[27]带来了不便，也给我的整个生活造成了麻烦。

后来有一天下课后，一个学生过来向我[28]推荐中医。

从她的描述中，中医听起来似乎有种神奇的魔力，能创造奇迹。

我[29]犹豫不决，因为我对中医知之甚少，而且以前从未尝试过。

最后，我咳嗽得愈加[30]厉害，以至于晚上无法入睡，所以我决定试试中医。

中国医生给我把了脉，并要求查看了我的舌头，这些对我来说都是新的[31]体验，因为它们在西医中都是不存在的。

后来医生给我做了刮痧疗法。

起初我有点[32]害怕，因为他用一个边缘光滑的工具刮我脖子和肩膀上的皮肤。

几分钟后，[33]有力道的刮痧开始产生缓解作用，我的身心开始[34]陷入更深层的放松之中。

在最初的几天，我感觉身体状况没有任何好转，但是经过几次定期就诊后，我的咳嗽开始[35]缓解。

后来，在大约几个星期之内，咳嗽完全消失了！Section B掉在地上的食物真的可以吃吗？A)当你把一块食物掉在地上时，如果你在五秒内捡起来，真的就可以吃吗？城市中有一个关于食物的传言认为，如果食物在地板上只停留了几秒钟的时间，灰尘和细菌就不会有太多机会污染它。

[40]我的实验室的研究集中在食物是如何被污染的，我们在这一特殊的学问方面已经做了一些研究工作。

B)虽然“五秒钟规则”或许看上去并非食品科学家最迫切需要弄清楚的问题，但像这种关于食物的传言仍然值得研究，因为它们使我们形成了关于食物何时可以安全食用的看法。

C)那么，在地板上停留5秒钟是把一块可食用的食物和一起食物中毒案例区分开来的关键参数吗？事情比这要更加复杂一点。

[37]这取决于到底有多少细菌能在几秒钟内从地板附着到食物上面，以及地板有多脏。

D)[43]想知道食物掉在地上后是否还能吃是很多人都有过的经历。

而且，这很可能也不是什么新鲜事了。

精心整理2018年12月英语四级真题答案解析（第1套）来源：文都教育Part?I Writing??????the society, it is obvious that college graduates lack related experience, which will increase the rate of failure they may encounter during starting a career. Being short of entrepreneurial experience is one of difficulties that collegegraduates need to overcome. In addition, the collection of money is another problem they should solve urgently. Otherwise, there is no possibility of starting a career.Although starting a career after graduation has so manyA) Shrinking potato farming.C) It is afraid of the spread of disease.A) Global warming.C) Dull.D)she take notes.A) It keeps her mind active.B) It helps her better remember what she learns.A)To spend her honeymoon.D) Excited but somewhat sad.A) It starts the moment they are born.D) Set a good example for them to follow.B) Their home life.Part III Reading comprehension SectionAF) damageSection B[D] Nadeau says sugar and... [B] Scott is delighted to get... [G] In Southern California...39. [A] Several times a month, you can...40. [I] Many people don’t know how to cook...41.[F] In the big picture, says Dr. Richard...42.[C] Nadeau notices the pre-made...C) The cost may go up due to desalination.Passage two51.D) Computers can become highly intelligent.52. B) They weigh the gains and losses before reaching adecision.53. B) How to ensure that super-intelligent Al machines act ethically.54. A) She could not distinguish good from bad.Therefore, the sale of paper books has been affected. But the survey shows that despite the steady growth of the mobile phones’ reading market, more than half of adults still like to read paper books.。

【导语】2018年12⽉英语四级考试已结束，四六级频道在考后特别整理了2018年12⽉英语四级听⼒真题及答案解析（新东⽅在线版），仅供⼤家参考，祝⼤家顺利通过四级考试！ 新闻： News Report One 参考答案： 1. Set up a mobile phone net work on the moon. 2. It is stable. 主旨内容： 科学家们想要在⽉球上安置⼀个设备，这样就是第⼀次在⽉球上可提供移动信号,且⽉球络将⽀持⽉球和地球之间的⾼清视频和数据流。

参考原⽂： A device that weighs less than 1 kilogram is part of a mission that will allow scientists to deliver fourth generation or 4G mobile coverage to the moon in 2019. If successful, the tiny device will provide the moon with its first ever mobile phone network. The lunar network will support high definition streaming of video and data between the moon and the earth. The network is part of a mission to the moon. This is a project with the goal of landing the first privately paid for mission to the moon. The 4G mission is set to launch from Cape Canaveral in the United States on a space X Falcon Nine Rocket in 2019. Mission to the moon intends to establish and test the first elements of a communications network on the moon. The scientists working on the project opted to build 4G rather than the fifth generation or 5G work. This is because fifth generation networks are still in testing and trial phases. This means that a 5G network may not yet be stable enough to work on the moon’s surface. Question 1. What are scientists planning to do? Question 2. Why did scientists choose to set up a 4G network in their mission? 解析： 本篇新闻难度适中，第⼀题类似主旨题，问到了科学家的计划，在新闻导语第⼀句即给出了本篇新闻的主旨内容，即在⽉球上安置⼀个可⽀持4G的设备。

1 / 4 2018年12月英语四级真题答案解析（第1套）来源：文都教育Part I Writing 【创业——参考范文】The Challenges of Starting a Career after Graduationb5E2RGbCAP Facing the rising employment pressure, a host of college graduates choose to start a career instead instead of of looking for a a regular regular job job in in a a company. company. company. As As As we we we all all know that, that, starting starting starting a a a career career career is is beneficial to realize one ’s own dreams and value. However, it is also widely acknowledged that stating a career will be inevitably confronted with numerous challenges. p1EanqFDPw When When it it it comes to comes to the challenges that that we we we may may may meet in meet in the the process of process of starting starting a career, the a career, the main ones can be listed as follows. First of all, as freshmen who have just entered into the society, it is obvious that college graduates lack related experience, which will increase the rate of failure they may encounter during starting a career. Being short of entrepreneurial experience is one of difficulties that that college college graduates graduates need need need to to to overcome. overcome. overcome. In In addition, the the collection collection of money is another problem they should solve urgently. Otherwise, there is no possibility of starting a career. DXDiTa9E3d Although starting starting a career a career after after graduation graduation has so many many challenges challenges challenges to to to be be be solved, solved, solved, college college graduates graduates still still need need take take take a a a positive positive attitude towards it. Moreover, prudent consideration and entrepreneurial spirit are also necessary for graduates to start a career. RTCrpUDGiT Part IIListening Comprehension【四级听力参考答案】1.C) Set up a mobile phone network on the moon. 2.A) It is stable.3.B) No injuries were yet reported. 4.B) Pull down the deserted shopping mall. 5.A) Shrinking potato farming. 6.C) It is afraid of the spread of disease. 7.A) Global warming. 8.C) Dull. 9.D)she take notes. 10.A) It keeps her mind active. 11.B) It helps her better remember what she learns. 12.A)To spend her honeymoon. 13.A) In memory of a princess. 14.D) It has walls decorated with jewels. 15.B)They are mostly crowded. 5PCzVD7HxA 16. C)They provide residents with the resources needed.17.B)By inspiring their creativity. 18.D)Their number increased modestly. 19.C)It is an unusual cross breed. 20.A)They are as loyal as doges. 21.C)They shower with them. 22.D) Excited but somewhat sad. 23.A) It starts the moment they are born. 24.D) Set a good example for them to follow. 25.B) Their home life. Part III Reading comprehensionSectionA 26.F) damage 27.B) associated 28.M) sources 29.D) constant 30.G) described 31.E) control 32.H) equals 33.K) regularly 34.I)exclusively 35.O) vehicles Section B 36.[D] Nadeau says sugar and... 37.[B] Scott is delighted to get... 38.[G] In Southern California... 39. [A] Several times a month, you can... o cook... 40. [I] Many people don’t know how t41.[F] In the big picture, says Dr. Richard... 42.[C] Nadeau notices the pre-made... 43. [J] Studies have explored evidence that... 44. [E] Nadeau is part of a small revolution... 45. [G] In Southern California... Section C Passage one 46.B)By drawing water from the depths of the earth。

Part I Writing(30 minutes)The Challenges of Living in a Big City【1】With the development of economy and urbanization, the number of cities is constantly increasing in China.【2】While big cities are attracting more and more people, they also bring many challenges,such as traffic jam and pollution,just to name a few.【3】The first problem that really bothers me is the traffic congestion in the rush hour. I hate waiting for buses and being , I have to get up very early if I have an appointment in the morning.【4】Next is that the large population in a big city makes it 【5】so crowded that you can't find a peaceful place unless staying at home. The supermarkets are always crowded, so are the cinemas and parks. parks.【6】Another consequence for such a large population is that it intensifies the inadequacy of quality medical and educational resources, thus decreasing residents' sense of happiness.【7】 As a result, although I am frequently asked whether I like to live in a big city or not, my answer is always no, definitely not, How about you话题词汇: unsatisfactory不满意的leisure娱乐opportunity机会fast pace快节奏pressure压力lifestyle生活方式environment环境urban城市的health健康Part III Reading ComprehensionSection A【词性分析】:名词: A) ability能力;才能; E) control控制;管制;F) damage伤害;损害; M) sources来源;根源;O) vehicles 交通工具,车辆动词:B) associated与…相关;联系;E) control管理;控制;克制;F) damage损害;对……有不良影响G) described 描绘,描述; H equals相当于;比得上;) innovated创新,革新;L) relates相联系;把…系起来;M) sources来自……;找出…的来源;N) undermine逐渐削弱形容词:D) constant持续不断的;始终如一的副词:C) consciously有意识地,自觉地; 1) exclusively仅仅,唯独;K) regularly经常;定期地Millions die early from air pollution each year. Air pollution costs the global economy more than $5 trillion annually in welfare costs, with the most serious 26-damage occurring in the developing world.The figures include a number of costs 27-associated with air pollution. Lost income alone amounts to $225 billion a year.1.die v. 死亡，熄灭; 凋零n.骰子2.trillion[ˈtrɪljən]n. 万亿; 兆adj.万亿的3.welfare [ˈwelfeə(r)] n. 福利; 幸福; 繁荣; 安宁4.alone [əˈləʊn] adj. 单独的; 独一无二的; 独自的adv. 单独地; 独自地; 孤独地; 只，只有;The report includes both indoor and outdoor air pollution. Indoor pollution, which includes 28-sources like home heating and cooking, has remaine d 29-constant over the past several decades despite advances in the area. Levels of outdoor pollution have grown rapidly along with rapid growth in industry and transportation.5.source [sɔrs] n. 根源，本源; 源头，水源; 原因v. 来源; 起源; 寻求来源6.remain [rɪˈmen]n.剩余物，残骸; 残余; 遗迹; 遗体v.留下; 保持;依然; 搁置; 剩余，剩下; 逗留7.constant [ˈkɒnstənt] adj. 不断的，持续的; 永恒的，始终如一的; 坚定; 忠实的n.常量; 不变的事物The weather is a constant topic of conversation in Britain. 在英国，天气是交谈中永恒的话题。

Part I WritingDirections:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short easy on how to best handle the relationship between doctors and patients. You should write at least120 words but no more than 180 words.题目解析：一、审题：四级写作的第一步即读懂题目要求。

读题目时我们需要在题干中去找“关键词”。

本次作文中读完题目，建议同学们用笔勾画出来五个关键词，即五个要点，顺序依次是“30 minutes”、“essay”、“how”、“the relationship between doctors and patients”、“write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words”其中关于考试时间和作文字数的要求每年都一致。

接下来审题的重点：这次写作要求我们写一篇常见的议论文，并且去简述如何处理医生和病人的关系。

读完题目之后，我们了解到这次的写作主题即“医患关系（the relationship between doctors and patients）”。

二、谋篇：四级写作的第二步即布局三段结构，这次写作中强调“如何处理医患关系”，所以我们在第二段写作时，可以从两个维度出发—医生和患者—去叙述如何正确处理两个主体之间的关系。

三、框架：全文分为三个段落。

第一段为话题引出段（可结合情景作文第一段，先表明自己的观点）；第二段为原因分析段（主要从医生/患者两个方面进行原因论述）；第三段为意义阐述段。

四、填充：具体的范文如下，仅做参考。

写作范文：On the Relationship between Doctors and PatientsIn the present age, it is generally acknowledged that the relationship between doctors and patients is playing indispensable roles in our lives. As far as I am concerned, we should balance this kind of relationship from two aspects, doctors and patients.The causes of this perspective are multiple. In the first place, the reason has been cited as amajor reason that doctors cannot be understood, for patients always maintain doctors can cure all kinds of disease. This is mainly due to the fact that although medical technology and science are advanced at an amazing rate, there exists a multitude of various kinds of diseases we cannot cure. Furthermore, the reason can contribute this perspective that patients are believed to be lack of the fundamental medical knowledge, which results in this relationship are worried. Plenty of evidence has shown that an increasing number of patients often go to extremes if their diseases cannot be cure instantly.When it comes to our modern society, it is universally acknowledged that dealing with the relationship between doctors and patients in a reasonable way plays a vitally important role in our lives. Undoubtedly, if we spare no efforts to do so, our future will be hopeful and promising.Part II Listening ComprehensionSection ANew report 11.答案: B) Her little brother.Q: Who did Edison raise money for解析: 新闻首句原则,了解大致内容是Edison卖柠檬水和画画为生病需要做心脏手术(surgery)的弟弟筹资。

Part I WritingDirections:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short easy on how to best handle the relationship between doctors and patients. You should write at least120 words but no more than 180 words.题目解析：一、审题：四级写作的第一步即读懂题目要求。

读题目时我们需要在题干中去找“关键词”。

本次作文中读完题目，建议同学们用笔勾画出来五个关键词，即五个要点，顺序依次是“30 minutes”、“essay”、“how”、“the relationship between doctors and patients”、“write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words”其中关于考试时间和作文字数的要求每年都一致。

接下来审题的重点：这次写作要求我们写一篇常见的议论文，并且去简述如何处理医生和病人的关系。

读完题目之后，我们了解到这次的写作主题即“医患关系（the relationship between doctors and patients）”。

二、谋篇：四级写作的第二步即布局三段结构，这次写作中强调“如何处理医患关系”，所以我们在第二段写作时，可以从两个维度出发—医生和患者—去叙述如何正确处理两个主体之间的关系。

三、框架：全文分为三个段落。

第一段为话题引出段（可结合情景作文第一段，先表明自己的观点）；第二段为原因分析段（主要从医生/患者两个方面进行原因论述）；第三段为意义阐述段。

四、填充：具体的范文如下，仅做参考。

写作范文：On the Relationship between Doctors and PatientsIn the present age, it is generally acknowledged that the relationship between doctors and patients is playing indispensable roles in our lives. As far as I am concerned, we should balance this kind of relationship from two aspects, doctors and patients.The causes of this perspective are multiple. In the first place, the reason has been cited as amajor reason that doctors cannot be understood, for patients always maintain doctors can cure all kinds of disease. This is mainly due to the fact that although medical technology and science are advanced at an amazing rate, there exists a multitude of various kinds of diseases we cannot cure. Furthermore, the reason can contribute this perspective that patients are believed to be lack of the fundamental medical knowledge, which results in this relationship are worried. Plenty of evidence has shown that an increasing number of patients often go to extremes if their diseases cannot be cure instantly.When it comes to our modern society, it is universally acknowledged that dealing with the relationship between doctors and patients in a reasonable way plays a vitally important role in our lives. Undoubtedly, if we spare no efforts to do so, our future will be hopeful and promising.Part II Listening ComprehensionSection ANew report 11.答案: B) Her little brother.Q: Who did Edison raise money for解析: 新闻首句原则,了解大致内容是Edison卖柠檬水和画画为生病需要做心脏手术(surgery)的弟弟筹资。

【导语】2018年12⽉英语四级考试已结束，四六级频道在考后特别整理了2018年12⽉英语四级阅读真题及答案解析（新东⽅在线版），仅供⼤家参考，祝⼤家顺利通过四级考试！ 今年四级考试在阅读这个版块⾥，总体难度仍然呈较为平稳的发展态势。

⽆论是选词填空、长篇阅读还是仔细阅读，与在四级课堂上讲到的解题技巧都有很⾼的契合度。

⾸先⼀起来谈谈选词填空这个题型。

总的来说，考点仍然是课堂上反复跟⼤家强调的，⽤我们上课讲到的快速解题法则很快能得到正确答案。

⾸先第⼀步分析选项词性。

今年名词考2个，动词考5个，形容词考1个，副词2个。

如此⼀来，我们很快把15选1缩⼩到了最多是7选1，最少的情况是1选1。

另外，请注意，名词通过单复数，动词通过时态和⾮谓语动词还可以进⼀步缩⼩范围。

选词填空答案如下： 26. F Damage 27. B associated 28 .M sources 29 .D constant 30 .G described 31 .E control 32 .H equals 33 .K regularly 34. I exclusively 35 .O vehicles 长篇阅读难度持平，⽤定位法则快速找定位即可，特别要注意的是题⼲中只出现的⼤写专有名词、数字、时间、连词符和只出现过⼀次的表达。

今年的匹配题⽐较难，少数题⼲出现了同义替换的现象，⼤多数还是按照我们说的⽤到的是类似的表达和词性的替换。

匹配题答案如下： 36-40 DBGFI 41-45 FCJEG 36. More than half of the food Americans eat is factory-produced 37.There is a special program that assigns doctors to give advice to shoppers in food stores. 38.There is growing evidence from research that food helps patients recover from various illnesses. 39. A healthy breakfast can be prepared quickly and easily. 40.Training a patient to prepare healthy fod can change their life. 41. One food-as-medicine program not only prescribes food for treatment but teaches patientshow to cook it. 42. Scott is nat keen on cooking food herself thinking it would simply be a waste of time43. Diabetes patients are advised to eat more plant-based food ing food as medicine is no novel idea but the movement is making headway these days. 45. Americans high rates of various illesses result from the way they eat. 再来谈谈仔细阅读部分。

2013年12月大学英语四级考试翻译题目许多人喜欢中餐，在中国，烹饪不仅被视为一种技能，而且也被视为一种艺术。

精心准备的中餐既可口又好看，烹饪技艺和配料在中国各地差别很大。

但好的烹饪都有一个共同点，总是要考虑到颜色、味道、口感和营养(nutrition)。

由于食物对健康至关重要，好的厨师总是努力在谷物、肉类和蔬菜之间取得平衡，所以中餐既味美又健康。

Most people like Chinese food. In China, cooking is considered as not only a skill bu t also an art. The well-prepared Chinese food is both delicious and good-looking. Alth ough cooking methods and food ingredient vary wildly in different places of China, it is common for good cuisine to take color, flavor, taste and nutrition into account. Sinc e food is crucial to health, a good chef is insistently trying to seek balance between ce real, meat and vegetable, and accordingly Chinese food is delicious as well as healthy.信息技术(Information Technology)，正在飞速发展，中国公民也越来越重视信息技术，有些学校甚至将信息技术作为必修课程，对这一现象大家持不同观点。

一部分人认为这是没有必要的，学生就应该学习传统的课程。

另一部分人认为这是应该的，中国就应该与时俱进。

个人资料整理，仅供个人学习使用2018年12月四级英语翻译真题之考点归纳总结来源文都教育2018年12月大学英语四级考试已经完满结束，现在我们就来一起来看下此次四级考试里的三篇翻译题目是如何进行考察的。

而且，就之前的考情来看，四级考试的翻译总是以三联且平行的形式展开。

为了让各位奋战在四级考试前线的童鞋们能够更好的了解出题人的“险恶”意图，文都四六级老师就来带领各位同学们一起来看一下这次四级考试的的三篇翻译真题！首先，我们先来看一下三篇翻译的主题：阅读方式（第一篇）、移动支付（第二篇）和过度依赖手机（第三篇）。

总的来看，都属于与我们日常生活息息相关的话题，且话题内容都是属于写作中的热点主题词汇。

就主题“阅读方式”和“过度依赖手机”而言，都是文都考研名师何凯文老师为大家敲过黑板划过重点的核心表述。

“移动支付”这一主题则与考研英语一大作文考察过的科技利弊主题息息相关（因此，考研英语写作的主题也是各位同学需要关注的内容）。

其次，在卷面考察中，“越来越的人（an increasing number of people或者a growing number of people）”出镜率也是相当的高。

此外，“逐渐成为一种趋势”、“以惊人的速度增长”、“沉溺于”及“依赖于”等的表述也是频繁出现在历年四级真题翻译中。

所以进行四级翻译备考，对历年的翻译真题进行梳理也是考生必不可少的工作。

四级的翻译真题是汉译英，因此，对于大多数考生而言，真正的难度在于考生如何利用大脑中有限的可用词汇及句式与考题相结合。

其实，各位考生不妨将翻译部分的处理参照写作模块来完成。

尤其是在句式结构及表达上，四级模块的写作部分也有相应的众多表述。

且在第二点里提及的出镜率相当高的这些表述也是写作中的高频表达。

例如：越来越多的中国人现在离不开手机了An increasing number of Chinese people are inseparable from mobile phones.过去几年里，移动支付市场在中国蓬勃发展In the past few years, mobile payment has been thriving in China.随着移动互联网的出现，手机购物逐渐成为了一种趋势With the advent of the mobile Internet, shopping through the phone has gradually become a tendency.以上就是文都四六级老师给大家带来的关于这次四级翻译部分的归纳总结，希望能够对接下来需要参与四级考试的同学们能有所帮助。