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高考英语说明文阅读专题教案一、教学思路：1 . 高考阅读理解的特点是所选材料题材多样化，记叙文、说明文、议论文、应用文等特色鲜明，内容涉及科普、社会、文化、政治、经济、历史等各个方面，文章阅读量大。
主要考查考生综合运用所学知识获取信息、整理信息、理解信息以及处理信息的能力。
测试的主要要求是：①．掌握所读材料的主旨和大意，以及用以说明主旨和大意的事实和细节。
②. 既能理解具体的事实，也能理解抽象的概念。
③．既能理解字面的意思，也能理解深层的含义，包括作者的态度、意图等。
④．既能理解某句，某段的含义，也能理解全篇的逻辑关系，并据此进行推理和判断。
⑤．既能根据所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生应有的常识去理解。
根据这五项要求，我们可将阅读理解题归纳为以下几种题型：细节理解题，词句理解题，主题、主旨题，猜测词义题，推理判断题。
2．高考的要求就是我们平时课堂教学训练的方向。
高中英语课文内容包罗万象、题材广泛、体裁各样、语言知识丰富。
除了要让学生掌握英语基础知识外，我们更可以利用课文的教学，精心设计问题，按照高考的要求有针对性地对学生进行问题解答训练，提高学生的阅读速度，培养学生的阅读理解能力。
二、教材分析：本课是第四单元综合技能部分的课文，介绍了达尔文和其他科学家关于物种的研究和他们的成果。
内容涉及到遗传学和基因学的知识，文章有一定难度。
是本单元主题绿色世界的一个延伸，又为本单元紧接的写作训练作铺垫。
三、教学法分析：1、问题教学法。
精心设计问题，以问题为主线，在提出问题和解决问题过程中，培养学生阅读理解能力。
设疑与提问是英语教学课堂调控的常规武器。
它是促进师生之间信息交流反馈，推动教学流程迅速向前拓展的重要契机。
2、“自上而下的模式”。
这是哥德曼（Goodman）提出的阅读理论模式。
按这个模式，阅读者在阅读过程中不是逐字、逐句地去理解，而是结合自己的预测，在文章中找出有关的信息，来验证自己的预测。
由于强调整体篇章理解，在阅读时采取跳跃式搜索、猜测等方法，所以有利于培养学生快速阅读理解能力。
高三英语说明文阅读策略
阅读是提高英语学习者语言技能的关键途径。
在高三阶段，学生面临着大量的阅读任务，如教材、参考书、试卷等。
为了有效地应对阅读挑战，提高学习效果，高三学生需要掌握一些阅读策略。
以下是一些建议，帮助学生提高英语阅读能力。
1. 分层次阅读：根据文章的难度，将阅读材料分为不同层次。
简单的文章可以快速阅读，提取关键信息；而较难的文章则需要仔细阅读，逐句理解。
这样可以有效分配时间和精力，确保高质量的阅读。
2. 设定阅读目标：在开始阅读前，明确阅读目的。
是为了获取信息、学习新词汇、提高语法能力还是为了提高阅读速度？明确目标有助于保持专注，提高阅读效果。
3. 速读与精读相结合：针对不同类型的文章，采用不同的阅读策略。
例如，阅读新闻时，可以通过速读获取关键信息；而阅读文学作品时，需要精读，仔细品味作者的写作技巧。
4. 制作词汇卡片：阅读过程中，遇到生词要及时记录并查阅词典。
制作词汇卡片，方便复习和记忆。
5. 定期复习：阅读并不意味着一次性完成。
要定期回顾读过的文章，巩固所学知识，提高阅读能力。
6. 培养阅读兴趣：尽量选择自己感兴趣的阅读材料。
兴趣是最好的老师，可以激发阅读热情，提高学习效果。
7. 提高阅读速度：通过练习，逐步提高阅读速度。
可以使用计时器进行限时阅读，以提高专注力。
8. 学会总结与反思：阅读过程中，学会总结文章的主要观点和论据。
读完后，思考文章的优点和不足，以便在今后的阅读中进行改进。
高三学生应掌握适合自己的阅读策略，以提高英语阅读能力，为高考打下坚实的基础。
导学案How to analyze the Structure and Logic of Expository Essays?Step 1 : 2020全国卷一阅读理解D篇The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown, Ohio, for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another, employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have taken it a step further changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions. These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. “We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,” explained Michael St rano, a professor of chemical engineering at MIT.One of his latest projects has been to make plants grow (发光) in experiments using some common vegetables. Strano’s team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light, about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by, is just a start. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn tree into self-powered street lamps.In the future, the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime. The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source (电源) —such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission (传输) .Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.32. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. A new study of different plants.B. A big fall in crime rates.C. Employees from various workplaces.D. Benefits from green plants.33. What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineer?A. To detect plants’ lack of waterB. To change compositions of plantsC. To make the life of plants longer.D. To test chemicals in plants.34. What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future?A. They will speed up energy production.B. They may transmit electricity to the home.C. They might help reduce energy consumption.D. They could take the place of power plants.35. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Can we grow more glowing plants?B. How do we live with glowing plants?C. Could glowing plants replace lamps?D. How are glowing plants made pollution-free?根据理解文章结构：2020全国卷一阅读理解D篇1.What is the topic of the passage?2.What does the author inform us of ?_______A. a problemB. a phenomenonC. the result(s) of an experiment or research...D. an object3. What type of writing does the passage belong to?_________A. argumentation （议论）B. narration （记叙)C. exposition (说明）D. description （描写）Step 2 clarify the structure of the research（理清结构) ：2020全国卷一阅读理解D篇1 / 2Practice: 2022年全国甲卷BGoffin’s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skillful at tool use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut inside it. The clear front of the box had a “keyhole” in a geometric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting the correct “key” woul d let out the nut.In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. This ability to recognize that a shape will need to be turned in a specific directionbefore it will fit is called a n “allocentric frame of reference”. In the experiment, Goffin’scockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job, in most cases, by visual recognitionalone. Where trial-and-error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests.Th is indicates that Goffin’s cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of referencewhen moving objects in space, similar to two-year-old babies.The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues (线索), or also use a sense of touch in making their shapeselections.1.How did the cockatoos get the nut from the box in the experiment?A. By following instructions .B. By using a tool.C. By turning the box around.D. By removing the lid.2.Which task can human one-year-olds most likely complete according to the text?A. Using a key to unlock a door.B. Telling parrots from other birds.C. Putting a ball into a round hole.D. Grouping toys of different shapes3.What does the follow-up test aim to find out about the cockatoos?A. How far they are able to see.B. How they track moving objectsC. Whether they are smarter than monkeys.D. Whether they use a sense of touch in the test.4.Which can be a suitable title for the text?A. Cockatoos: Quick Error CheckersB. Cockatoos: Independent LearnersC .Cockatoos: Clever Signal-ReadersD. Cockatoos: Skillful Shape-Sorters2 / 2。
2024高考一轮复习“阅读理解〞导学案Topic：(说明文)understandable around the world. Esports mostly appeal to those in their early 20s, as shown by the carnival of college students. That in turn makes them a good bridge of munication between young Chinese people and their petitors around the world.More importantly, the esports industry is sustainable in spreading Chinese culture, as the large audiences mean huge mercial potential. In 2020 alone, the sales ine of the domestic esports industry reached 278.69 billion yuan, and involved 280,000 enterprises, which in turn created over 10 million jobs. According to a media report, nearly 95 percent of graduates from esports majors at the munication University of China in Nanjing, succeeded in finding a job after graduation this year, with 62 percent of them devoted to the esports industry, including video game clubs, game design panies and game petition operation panies.The inclusion of esports in major sporting events has been a muchdiscussed topic in recent years. With more Chinese gaming clubs and teams appearing , the industry is expected to further prosper (富强) and continue spreading Chinese culture to the world.1．What did people on Chinese social media cheer for? A．Eight esports would be included in Asian Games. B．EDG won the League of Legends World Championship. C．China's esports industry was recognized by the world. D．The 19th Asian Games were announced to be held in China.【答案&解析】1．细节理解题。
Reading comprehension【Learning objectives】At the end of the class, the students will be able to:1.find out the reasons of the true answers in the test paper and summarize some skills of reading comprehension by analyzing the details of the passage .2.master some useful words and phrases with the direction of the teacher. 【Learning procedures】Step1 Find out the reasons of the true answers in the test paperStep2 Summarize some skills of reading comprehension by analyzing the details of t he passage .Step3 Self-assessment1. 细节理解题Since the first Earth Day in 1970, Americans have gotten a lot “greener” toward the e nvironment. “We didn't know at that time that there even was an environment, let alon e that there was a problem with it，”says Bruce Anderson, president of Earth Day US A.But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social move ment. Business people, political leaders, university professors, and especially millions of grass-roots Americans are taking part in the movement. “The understanding has in creased many, many times，” says Gaylord Nelson, the former governor from Wiscon sin, who thought up the first Earth Day. Great improvement has been achieved. In 198 8 there were only 600 recycling programs; today in 1995 there are about 6,600. Advan ced lights, motors, and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution.(1) According to Anderson, before 1970, Americans had little idea about ________. A．the social movement B．recycling techniquesC．environmental problems D．the importance of Earth Day2. 推理判断题Serval says he was inspired by his experience as a father. He would come home from work and ask his kids if they had brushed their teeth. They said “yes，” but Serval wo uld find their toothbrush heads dry. He decided he needed a brush that really told him how well his children brushed.What can we infer about Serval's children?A．They were unwilling to brush their teeth.B．They often failed to clean their toothbrushes.C．They preferred to use a toothbrush with a dry head.D．They liked brushing their teeth after Serval came home.Monday, October 6 Rained last night, cloudy in the morning, 69°FWe spent about two hours in Nancy, then sailed on the Canal de la Marne au Rhine. K ind of a lazy day, eating breakfast, lunch, and dinner. After dinner we watched a tape o n Baccarat, where we will visit tomorrow. It was pleasant to sit out on deck (甲板) and watch the scenery go by at about 3 mph.Wednesday, October 8 Cloudy, 65°FToday we sailed from Schneckenbush to Saverne. We went through two caves, an extr emely unusual part of the journey. This river scenery is very different. We were in a m ountain valley with grassland on one side and a forest beginning to show some color o n the other.(3) What does the author think of the tour?A. Tiring.B. Expensive.C. Enjoyable.D. Quick.3. 词意猜测题A child's birthday party doesn't have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anaclerio, an Evaston mother of two, aged 4 and 18 months.(4) The underlined word “hassle” means ________.A．a party designed by specialists B．a plan requiring careful thoughtC．a situation causing difficulty or troubleWhen things are getting hard, a voice inside my head tells me that I can't achieve som ething. Then there are other distractions, such as family or hobbies. The key is to conc entrate.(5) What does the underlined word “distractions” refer to?A．ways that help one to focusB．words that help one to feel less tenseC．activities that turn one's attention away4.主旨大意题Forget Twitter and Facebook, Google and the Kindle. Television is till the most influe ntial medium around. Indeed, for many other the poorest areas of the world, it remains the next big thing---finally becomes globally available. And that is a good thing, beca use the TV revolution is changing lives for the better......Too much TV has been associ ated with violence, overweight and loneliness. However, TV is having a positive influ ence on the lives of the worldwide.(6) The author aims to_______A．stress the advantage of TV to people's livesB．tell us the bad effects of TVC．introduce the readers some websites such as GoogleD．encourage the readers to watch TVIt was Mother's Day morning last year and I was doing shopping at our local supermar ket with my five--year--old son, Tenyson. As we were leaving, we found that only minutes earlier an elderly woman had fallen over at the entrance and had hit her head on t he concrete. Her husband was with her, but there was blood everywhere and the wom an was embarrassed and clearly in shock.Walking towards the scene, Tenyson became very upset about what had happened t o the couple. He said to me, “Mum, it's not much fun falling over in front of everyone ”At the front of the supermarket, a charity (慈善) group had set up a stand selling cooked sausages and flowers to raise funds. Tenyson suggested that we should buy the lady a flower. “It will make her feel better，” he said. I was amazed that he'd come u p with this sweet idea. So we went over to the flower seller and asked her if we could buy a flower for the lady to cheer her up. “Just take it，” she replied. “I can't take you r money for such a wonderful gesture.”By now paramedics (急救人员) had arrived, and were attending to the injured woman. As we walked up to her, my son became intimidated by all the blood and med ical equipment. He said he was just too scared to go up to her.(6) What would be the best title for the passage?A．Flower PowerB．Mother's DayC．An Accidental InjuryD．An Embarrassing Moment。
Basic Reading Strategy一、略读(Skimming): 找出中心思想略读（skimming）是指抓住文中的重点词汇或段落进行更快阅读，以迅速获取文章大意或中心思想。
略读有很强的选择性，对一些不影响整体理解的细节可略过。
1、在说明文或议论文中快速找出中心思想的方法（1）、首先读第一段的前两句和最后两句。
* 快速阅读第一段，因为第一段中经常出现本文的重要内容。
* 分析第一段是提示主题还是引言。
（2）读中间段的前两句* 在第一段提示主题时：中间段会出现说明这个中心的依据。
* 第一段是引言时，主题会在本段中出现。
（3）读最后一段的前两句和最后两句* 再次提到支持主题的内容，或再次提到主题。
* 议论文时，第一段中，提出论点或说明背景，在最后一段中叙述作者的主张。
（4）通过上述内容，退出全文的要点。
2、在散文或记叙文中快速找出中心思想的方法（1）快速阅读文章的第一部分，联系内容分析主要事件。
* 扫读主语、谓语、连接词就可以对文章有大概的了解。
（2）仔细阅读最后一段* 叙述个人经历的散文或叙事文中，通常在最后一段提到教训、主题、启发等。
There’s new taxi business in Dakar, the capital of the African nation of Senegal. Its name is Taxi Sisters and all of its drivers are women. They are getting a lot of attention, because until now only men were hired to drive taxis. In fact, when it comes to driving a taxi, some people think the women can do a better job than the men.Most taxis driven by men are old, hot, and uncomfortable. Also, the men usually have had driving habits. They drive on the sidewalks and do not obey traffic lights. This makes riding in their taxis dangerous.However, Taxi Sisters cabs are brand-new, and all the vehicles have air conditioning. Most city residents are happy about the change. In addition to the added comfort, they feel that the women drive more responsibly than the men.Taxi Sisters shows improvement in the lives of women in Senegal. For a long time, there were many occupations that were reserved for men. Now people are realizing that women can do all kinds of work too.从下列选项中，找出符合各段中心思想的最佳答案（1）______ (2) _______ (3) _______ (4) ________A. A new type of taxi service for an African city.B. The change in women’s position in the workplace.C. The poor standard of service given by male taxi drivers.D. The improvement of taxi services by Taxi Sisters.* 在读完每一段的首句和末句还是无法了解段落主题时，再看一下含有连词（because, but, since 等）或副词、副词短语（thus, also, in addition to 等）的句子。
【2021英语二轮复习】阅读理解专题说明文说明文是一种以说明为主要表达方式的文章体裁。
它通过对实体事物科学地解说，对客观事物作出说明或对抽象事理进行阐释，使人们对事物的形态、构造、性质、种类、成因、功能、关系或对事理的概念、特点、来源、演变、异同等有科学的认识，从而获得有关的知识。
【考情分析】说明文所选材料题材丰富多样，涉及社会、科技、文化、生活、人物、教育、生态、安全等方面。
说明文在高考阅读理解中的重要性不容忽视。
即便是第一节中的细节理解题，大多数情况下考生也无法从文章中直接找到与选项表述完全一致的信息，而是需要在理解文章细节信息后作出归纳和判断；第二节七选五部分对考生阅读理解能力要求更高，要求考生不仅能理解文章内容，还要能理清篇章和段落的结构与层次，弄清段与段、句与句之间的逻辑关系。
此外，就全国卷而言，通常一套卷中主旨大意、词义猜测、写作意图/观点态度类高难度试题的考查数量为2道左右，说明文考查此类题目的频率较高，且命题点呈多样化。
一、文体特点与阅读策略1. 语言特点：阅读理解主要考查考生对词汇和句式的掌握和运用情况。
说明文因其生僻词汇多、句式复杂等特点，相对于其他体裁的文章来说难度更大。
2. 结构特点：说明文的特点是客观、简练，文章很少表达作者的感情倾向。
说明文通常采用以下结构形式：总分式。
事物说明文常用“总－分”式、“总－分－总”式和“分－总”式结构，完整的“总－分－总”式说明文先总体概括，再分说，最后再总结。
递进式。
事理说明文常用这种结构形式，通常由浅入深、由表及里、由现象到本质，逐层递进，一层一层地剖析事理。
并列式。
文章各部分的内容没有主次轻重之分。
对照式。
通过两个事物的比较和对照说明其异同。
不管采用何种方式行文，说明文基本上都会遵循“首段引入所要说明的话题，其他部分采用并列式段落或递进式段落对其进行说明”这一规律。
3. 备考误区（1）阅读方法错误。
比如用手指划着读或者边读边译都会减慢应有的阅读速度。
阅读理解指导课的授课方案授课老师：授课年级：高三年级授课课型：猜想词义指导课授课时长： 40 分钟（一）综合解析1．学生解析学生已经完成广东省高考要求的八个模块的学习，我校学生还学习了模块九，从语言知识的积累方面来看，绝大部分学生完好可以对付高考的阅读任务。
但是，部分学生还没有完全养成优异的英语阅读习惯和掌握做阅读理解题的方法，比方在阅读文章时边阅读边查词典，遇到生词心理害怕，惊慌失措，这些因素都限制着他们对文章的理解以及答题的速度。
鉴于此，教师有必要在课堂上帮助他们掌握常用猜想词义的解题方法，以提高他们的阅读能力。
2．题型解析依照《 2007 年一般高等学校招生全国一致考试（广东卷）英语科考试大纲》对考生阅读能力的要求，考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及通知、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。
考生应能：（1）理解主旨和要义；（2）理解文中详尽信息；（3）依照上下文推断生词的词义；（4）作出判断和推理；（5）理解文章的基本结构；（6）理解作者的妄图、见解和态度。
授课老师将在本节课主要指导学生如何在阅读过程中进行词义猜想。
3．资料解析本节指导题课采用的猜想词义训练资料均选自2007 年全国各地高考英语试题中的阅读理解部分。
难度适中，针对性强，拥有很高的训练价值，有助于激励学生学以致用，增强学生的信心，从而达到提高学生的猜想词义能力的收效。
（二）授课目1．感情度目理解是高考英的重，分重，此做得利害将直接影响高考的成，因此，教要培养学生遇不惊、遇易不松的心以及的意志。
极向上的感情、烈的学机有利于学生提高学效率；的意志和的自信心有助于学生战胜外学中遇到的困。
消极的感情如焦、害怕、、怒、沮、疑、等，会影响学潜力的。
若是学者的消极感情影响太大，再好的教、教材、授课方法也无于事。
在理解指中，教要多激励学生，激学生学情，将学生的注意力引到解技巧上来。
本旨在利用高考真帮助学生快速感知技巧，提高其信心和求知欲。
Reading comprehension strategies for expository essays( Before class )Preparation1. Read passages A and B and complete nine comprehension questions.3. Reflect on the following questions：1) Could you divide each passage into several parts and summarize the main idea of each part? Compare their structures.Passage A Passage B2) How do you usually grasp the main idea of an expository essay?____________________________________________________________________________ Could you write a summary of passage B within 30 words? Have a try.(Tips : identify key points, rewrite in a different way, connect and polish them up.)_____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 3) When you make inferences, what do you usually do?_____________________________________________________________________________ Could you design a comprehension question about inferring for passage A ? Have a try.You’d better design at least two choices.You may try like this:➢decide on your target information;➢design your question.➢create a correct choice based on your paraphrasing or inferring;➢create other false choices. Try to make them tricky._____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________Reading materialsAOur cities have never been denser, taller, or busier than they are now, and with that, comes the constant battle for land. But if we look at aerial images of any city center, we can quickly spot plenty of unused space—the rooftops.So what can we use this precious resource for? In a growing number of high-density cities, some of it is dedicated to recreation—everything from bars and pools, to soccer pitches and running tracks can now be found atop skyscrapers. But when a rooftop offers access to sunlight, there are two more obvious candidates for its use—agriculture and solar power.Green roofs have been growing in popularity for more than a decade, and in some cases, growing in scale too. Green roofs can provide a habitat for birds and insects in an otherwise hostile environment.Cities can be several degrees warmer than the surrounding countryside. Green roofs come with the added benefit of mitigating the dreaded urban heat island effect. Trees and green spaces can absorb shortwave radiation, and use it to evaporate water from their leaves—a kind of ‘double cooling’ effect.With food security and urban nutrition ever-higher on the agenda for the United Nations, there’s also a worldwide movement of using green roofs for hyper-local food production. In regions with suitable climates, hundreds of different vegetables, fruits, and salad leaves can be grown on rooftops.But what about solar power? With so many cities now stopping using fossil fuels, and the costs of solar panels dropping dramatically, PV systems have become the ‘go to’option for generating distributed power in built-up areas. And, even with standard commercial panels, the energy gains are dramatic. It is estimated that rooftop PV systems could generate almost 40% of electricity demands nationwide.There’s no doubt that in both cases, a network of ‘productive rooftops’ could benefit the local community by supplying a portion of a necessary resource—either food or electricity—while also reducing their environmental burden. But is one better than the other?This was the question posed by researchers from MIT and the University of Lisbon in a recent paper in the journal Cities. Focusing on the rooftops of a mixed-use neighborhood in Lisbon, they carried out a Cost-Benefit Analysis. Starting with existing data on everything from installation costs and resources used, to carbon footprint and yield, they modelled the impact that each installation would have on the local community over a period of 50 years.And by looking at it that way, they concluded that for Lisbon, the use of rooftops for food production could yield significantly higher local value than solar PV energy generation. Of course, this is very site-specific. There is no one-size-fits-all solution to make cities more sustainable, and anyone who tells you otherwise is massively over-simplifying a complex issue. Now, all I hope is that some of those decision makers start using it.1. According to the passage, green roofs don’t make a difference to ______.A. medicineB. agricultureC. electricityD. ecology2. What does the underlined sentence mean in the last paragraph?A. Lisbon is the perfect targeted city for researchers.B. In another city, the opposite conclusion can be drawn.C. The conclusion about Lisbon can apply to all other cities.D. It doesn’t make sense to install rooftop PV systems in Lisbon.3. The author writes this article in order to ______.A. instruct decision makers what to doB. inform us of the rise of urban rooftopsC. predict two fields where we can use rooftopsD. persuade us to make cities more sustainableBTens of thousands of young in Britain who are struggling with their mental health are seeking help online for problems such as anxiety, self-harm, and depression.Soaring numbers of under-18s are turning to apps, online counselling and “mood diaries” to help them manage and recover from conditions that have left them feeling low, isolated and, in some cases, suicidal.A generation of young people are attracted by being able to receive fast, personal care and advice using their phone rather than having to wait up to 18 months to be treated by an NHS mental health professional.The shift comes as ministers prepare themselves for publication on Thursday of the first new figures for 13 years showing how common mental health problems are in the young mainly as a result of the emergence of social media and its use in fueling feelings of inadequacy.The number of under-18s using Kooth, a free online counselling(咨询的) service, has shot up from 20,000 in 2015 to 65,000 last year, and is forecast to rise further to 100,000 this year.One hundred NHS clinical commissioning groups across England, more than half the total, have now commissioned the service. It helps young people suffering from anxiety, low mood, poor self-worth or confidence, self-harm and loneliness.“Young people like the fact they can talk to a counsellor either instantly, or within 10 minutes, for up to an hour in the evenings. They love that immedia cy”, said Aaron Sefi, the research and evaluation director at XenZone, the company behind Kooth.“They also love the anonymity involved, because they can sign up without giving their personal details. Plus, they’re in control, because they are choosing to contact us rather than being told to do so.”In addition, 123,138 people in the UK download. Calm Harm, an NHS-approved app that helps people self-harm less often or not at all, between April 2017 and this month.“Users tell us that Calm Harm helps with suicidal thoughts and intent,” said Dr. Nihara Krause, the consultant clinical psychologist who developed the app. “Currently 92% of our users, who are mainly female and often aged 15-21, say the urge reduced.”Calm Harm is among 18 apps that NHS England has endorsed(支持) to help cope with mental ill-health. They also include Bluelce, which helps young people manage their emotions using a mood diary and automatic routing(自动转接) to emergency help numbers if their urges to self-harm continue.Experts welcomed the trend but warned that online help must complement, not replace, face-to-face appointments with therapists, psychologists and psychiatrists.“Most young people spend much of their time online, and it can feel easier for them to communicate through messaging and online services than face-to-face,” said Tom Madders, campaigns director at Young Minds, which helps people under 26.“Evidence-based mental health apps and online support services can be really beneficial in helping young people to look after their own mental health, develop strategies for coping with difficult emotions, and get accessible information and advice when they need it.”Claire Murdoch, NHS England’s national mental health director, said: “Technology is constantly evolving and young people are usually at the forefront, so it’s no surprise increasing numbers are turning to services like these which can certainly play a part, particularly when backed up by face-to-face support.”The NHS’s forthcoming long-term plan, due next month, will “harn ess(利用) all of the benefits these advancements can bring”, she added.Meanwhile, 37% of the young people referred to NHS child and adolescent mental health services (Camhs) in England last year were refused help, the children’s commissioner has revealed.I n an analysis of Camhs care published on Thursday, the children’s commissioner for England, Anne Longfield, says that despite promises by politicians and NHS bosses to improve access, “a vast gap remains between what is provided and what children need”.While she found improvements in several areas of care, including care for eating disorders, new mothers and under-18s in the criminal justice system, overall “the current rate of progress is still not good enough for the majority of children who require help but are not receiving it”.4. Online help can be characterized as ______.A. instant, confidential and controllableB. attractive, convenient and symbolicC. effective, accessible and controversialD. considerate, authentic and impractical5. Teenagers suffer from mental problems mainly because______.A. they lack professional guidanceB. they tend to be more self-centredC. social media make them feel less confidentD. social media keep them distant from each other6. Calm Harm helps teenagers to ______.A. keep a journal of their moodsB. manage their feeling of stressC. reduce the urge to harm themselvesD. improve their self-identity and confidence7. Experts believe that online help can ______.A. strengthen bonds between teenagers with mental illnessesB. play a role in pushing forward the cutting-edge advanceC. replace face-to-face appointments with professionalsD. serve as a complement to face-to-face appointments8. According to Anne Longfield, NHS child and adolescent mental health services ______.A. have lived up to their expectations and promisesB. are reluctant to help teenagers with mental illnessesC. will complete their ambitious forthcoming long-term planD. need to struggle to meet the increasing needs of teenagers9. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. The popularity of online apps in treating teenagers’ mental illnesses.B. The contrasts between online help services and face-to-face support.C. The influence of teenagers’ ment al illnesses on online help services.D. The drawbacks with the existing adolescent mental health services.。
