上海中考英语语法重点整理复习课程

上海重点初中英语语言点及语法总结归纳一、基本句型和基本语法：1.基本句型：-英语句子结构：主语+谓语+宾语-句子类型：陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句2.基本语法：-一般现在时：用于表示客观事实和真理-一般过去时：用于表示过去发生的动作或状态-现在进行时：用于表示现在正在进行的动作-一般将来时：用于表示将来的动作或状态二、词性和词组：1.名词：表示人、动物、事物或抽象概念的名称2.形容词：修饰名词，表示事物的特征或性质3.副词：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，表示程度、方式或时间等4.动词：表示动作或状态，分为不及物动词和及物动词5.代词：代替名词使用，分为人称代词、物主代词、指示代词和不定代词等6.介词短语：表示时间、地点、原因、目的、方式等关系7. 固定短语：常用的固定搭配，如"look forward to"、"take place"等三、语法：1.一般现在时的用法：- 表示客观事实和真理，如"The sun rises in the east."- 表示经常、频率或习惯性的动作，如"I usually go to bed at 10 o'clock."- 表示通用真理，如"Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius."- 表示感觉、态度或观点，如"I like reading books."2.一般过去时的用法：- 表示过去具体的动作或状态，如"I played football yesterday."- 表示过去的习惯动作，如"Every day, he went to school by bus."- 表示过去的经常性动作，如"We often visited our grandparents on weekends."3.现在进行时的用法：- 表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，如"She is watching TV now."- 表示将来的安排或计划，如"I am meeting my friends this afternoon."- 表示不断重复的动作，如"He is always talking in class."4.一般将来时的用法：- 表示将来即将发生或计划中的动作，如"We will go shopping tomorrow."-表示将来的打算或意愿- 表示将来的预测或推测，如"It will rain tomorrow."5. 过去进行时的用法：表示过去一些时间正在进行的动作或事情，如"She was reading a book yesterday evening."总结：以上是对上海(牛津版)初中英语教材的重点语言点和语法进行的总结归纳。

中考英语冲刺讲义-第2讲教师版一'专题知识梳理1）语态注意be动词时态；注意情态动词+be done注意be动词的单复数注意过去分词的拼写2）常考动词辨析read, watch, look, see4 个参力口: take part in,join,join in,attend4 个花费:cost,take,spend,payraise 和risespeak, say, tell, talkfill, be full ofborrow, lend, keep3 个至0达:get to,reach,arrive in/atbring, take, carryoffer, provide:offer sb sth=offer sth to sb;provide sb with sth二provide sth for sb.used 的用法:used to do;be used to do=be used for doing;be used to doing;be used to sth succeed 和manage to take place/hold/happenlie 和lay3）非谓语/动词搭配3.后加doing二' 专题精讲三' 专题过关1 Please _________ your coat. Ifs very hot inside the room.A) show off B) take off C) turn off D) put off2.The successful space walk of Zhai Zhigang is helpful to ________ a space station.A) look up B) take up C) set up D) pick upI can't the maths problem within an hour. Ifs very difficult. A) take out B) work out C) put out The school sports meeting will be _______ because of the heavy rain.A) put off B) put on C) put outMany students have toA) stay up B) put up C) give upLadies and gentlemen, attention, please. The plane will ______A) take off B) take up C) set out The medicine _______ to be effective. He stopped coughing that night.A) turned over B) turned out C) turned on ---Don't _______ , children. I'm sure you will win. ---Thank you, Mrs. White. We ?ll try our best. A) put up B) give up C) wake up You should ________ the right meaning of the word in the dictionary. A) look for B) look after C) look upAn English short play will beA) put on B) put inC) put upD) put downPlease raise your hand if you have any question, The underlined word means " __________ '，.A)look up B) pick up C) put up D) take up The old man at the bus stop found it difficult for him to _________ the crowded bus.A) get up B) get on C) get off D) get along You should never jump to conclusions. Please ________ before you decide. A) show it off B) throw it away C) give it up D) think it over The kind girl promises to ______ charity as her job when she grows up. A) take up B) take off C) take out D) take away The airplane to Beijing ________ from Pudong Airport on time this morning. A) took away B) took outC) took upD) took off It was cold in the morning, so he ________ his hat and coat before going out. D) look outD) put up their hobbies because of their busy schoolwork. B) put up C) give up D) look up in ten minutes. D) set upD) turned intoD) go upD) look atat the Children's Palace during the winter holidays.A) turned onB) lived on C) put on I think I will _______ fishing as a hobby after I retire in a few years. A) take up B) take off C) take out Don't _______ y our coat, Jane! It's easy to catch a cold in spring. A) take off B) take away C) take out Don't _______ t oo late, or you'll feel tired in tomorrow's class. D) got on D) take away D) take downA) stay up B) take up C) wake up D) get up-一 Mind your steps! Don't you see the words “ ______ the grass 95? …Oh, I am sorry. A) Take outB) Take offC) Keep outD) Keep off21.His idea _____ to be right though some people complained much about that at first.A） turned over B） turned down C） turned up D） turned out22.If we take a shower instead of a bath, more water ___________ .A） will save B） is saved C） will be saved D） saves23.Uncle Tom grows tomatoes in the field every year.（该为被动语态）Tomatoes ___________________ b y Uncle Tom in the field every year.24.People have painted buildings beautifully in many new housing estates.（改为被动语态）Buildings have ___________________ beautifully in many new housing estates.25.The government has made laws to stop people from drink-driving.（改为被动语态）Laws ___________________ made to stop people from drink-driving by the government.26.They will repair my newly-bought camera in four days.（改为被动语态）My newly-bought camera ___________________ repaired in four days.【答案】1-5BCBAC 6-10ABBCA 11-15CBDAD 16-20CAAAD 21-22DC23-26are grown;been painted;has been;will be阅读回答问题技巧1.读懂问题，分清问题的种类，避免答非所问。

上海中考英语必考语法点梳理⼀. 宾语从句1. 宾语从句的含义在整个句⼦中做宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。

如：She knew that the teacher had seen the film.她知道这位⽼师看过这部电影。

（“that the teacher had seen the film”做knew 的宾语，同时⼜是由连接词that 引导的从句，所以它叫做宾语从句。

）2. 宾语从句的分类（1）动词宾语从句：顾名思义，它是位于动词后⾯的宾语从句。

例如：He asked whose handwriting was the best in our class．他问我们班上谁的书法最好。

（2）介词宾语从句：顾名思义，它是位于介词后⾯的宾语从句。

例如：I agree with what you said just now.我同意你刚才说的话。

（3）形容词宾语从句：顾名思义，它是位于形容词后⾯的宾语从句。

例如：I am afraid that I will be late. 恐怕我要迟到了。

3. 引导名词性从句的连接词（1）that：没有含义，在宾语从句中不做成分（2）whether/if：表⽰是否，在宾语从句中不做成分。

I don't know if /whether he still lives here after so many years. 我不知道这么多年后，他是否还住在这⾥。

（3）连接代词：what, which, who, whom, whose（在宾语从句中做主、宾、表和定语）连接副词：where, when, how, why（在宾语从句中做状语）The small children don't know what is in their stockings．（what 在宾语从句中做主语）这些⼩孩⼦不知道什么在他们的长筒袜⾥。

Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning？（why 在宾语从句中做原因状语）你能告诉我为什么你今天早上开会迟到吗？4. 在做宾语从句的题⽬时应注意两点（1）时态①当主句是现在时态时，宾语从句可以根据需要使⽤任何时态。

一、名词1、以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加es，如：country--countries。

请区别：如果是元音字母加y结尾的名词，则只须加s。

如：monkey--monkeys。

2、man--men，woman--women，policeman--policemen,Frenchman--Frenchmen请区别：German(德国人)—Germans (3)child—children3、有些名词看似复数形式，实际上是单数。

这一点是同学不易掌握的，应特别加以记忆。

如：news(消息)，maths(数学)，physics(物理) No news is good news.4、常见的不可数名词有：water，rice，fish，meat，等。

应特别记work,homework,housework ,medicine,news,money,chalk,weather,cotton,wood二、冠词1、在复数姓氏前加the，表示××一家人，常看成复数。

如：The Browns are going to Shanghai for a holiday this summer.2、特别注意不能用定冠词the的几个方面：(1)在节日、星期、月份、季节、年等词前不用冠词。

(2)如：in summer,in August请区别：in the spring of 1945. (这里表示特指，故加the)(2)一日三餐和球类运动名不用冠词。

如：have breakfast ,play football形容词1、不规则变化，须熟记：good/well-better-best many/much-more-most far-farther-farthestbad/badly/ill-worse-worst little-less-least2、注意点：1.形容词最高级前一定要用the,副词最高级前可省略。

初中英语（牛津版）知识点总结中考上海卷考试手册-英语卷一、考试性质和命题指导思想上海市初中毕业英语科统一学业考试是义务教育阶段的终结性考试。

它的指导思想是有利于推进中小学实施素质教育，有利于推进中小学课程改革，有利于促进初中教育教学改革，有利于切实减轻中学生过重的学业负担，有利于培养学的创新精神和实践能力，有利于促进学生全面和谐、富有个性的发展，有利于学生在高中教育阶段的可持续发展。

考试结果既是衡量初中学生是否达到毕业标准的重要依据，也是高中阶段各类学校招生的重要依据。

考试对象为2012年完成上海市全日制九年义务教育学业的九年级学生。

二、考试目标英语科统一学业考试旨在测试考生的英语基础知识和运用英语进行交际的能力。

在语言知识和语言能力之间侧重对语言能力的考核。

语言知识包括语音、词汇、语法以及语言功能。

语言能力包括运用语言获取和了解信息的能力，以及按情景或要求传递信息、表达思想的能力。

依据《上海市中小学英语课程标准（征求意见稿）》（2004年11月版）规定的六年至九年级教学目标，确定语言知识和语言能力的考试目标如下:I.语言知识主要测试学生在具体语境中对常用词汇、基础语法和常用语言功能的记忆、理解和应用。

II.语言能力1.听主要测试学生理解口头英语的能力（1）从所听材料中获取事实信息的能力；（2）理解所听材料的基本内容及上下文关系的能力；（3）推断所听材料的隐含意思的能力。

2.读主要测试学生理解书面英语的能力。

（1）从各类语篇中获取事实信息的能力；（2）根据上下文理解词句意义的能力；（3）理解和归纳语篇主旨大意的能力；（4）推测语篇隐含意义的能力。

3.写主要测试学生根据要求进行书面表达的能力（1）运用词汇和语法知识写出正确的句子的能力；（2）用通顺连贯的语言围绕一个主题进行表达的能力。

三、考试内容以上海市中小学课程教材改革委员会制定的《上海市中小学英语课程标准》（征求意见稿）规定的教材内容为考试的范围，包括《英语》（牛津上海版）六年级到九年级（共八本）（上海教育出版社和牛津版大学出版社共同出版）及《英语》（新世纪版）六年级到九年级（共八本）（上海外国语教育出版社出版）。

冠词一、固定词组1. 有些固定词组中有the : in the middle of, go to the cinema/ movies, play the violin/ piano/ guitar, in the end, the same2. 有些词组中不用任何冠词：by bus, play football, play chess, go to school, go to bed, at first, lose weight3. 有些词组中加a: catch a bus, in a hurry, take a walk,二、专有名词前1.国家、城市等专有名词前不加the : Shanghai, in New York, in America，但是the United Sates 要加the2. 由普通名词构成的专有名词前加the Great Wall,3. 江河、海洋、山川前加the: the Yangtze River, the Pacific, the Yellow Mountains 三．一日三餐、四季、一星期七天及十二个月，next前不加任何冠词1. for breakfast/lunch/supper2. in spring/ summer /autumn /winter3.on Monday /Tuesday /Wednesday /Thursday /Friday /Saturday / Sunday4.inJanuary,February,March,April,May,June,July,August,September,October,November,De cember四、宇宙中独一无二的事物，序数词，形容词最高级，only所修饰的名词前用the1. the sun, the moon, the earth2. the eighth, the twelfth, the twentieth, the fourth3. the biggest, the most popular4. the only key五、形容词加the, 表示这一类人the blind, the deaf, the old, the rich, the poor六、单词前面用“an”还是“a”取决于单词开头的读音是否是原音1. a: a useful dictionary, a university student, a European village, a one-eyed captain, a uniform2. an: an hour, an honest girl, an e-mail, an important letter, an exchange student, an unclean X-ray photograph, an MBA course,There is __an __”f” in the word “first”. ( f, h, l, m, n, s, x, r, )介词分类记忆：一、时间介词具体哪一天on, 几点钟前用at, 年、月份前用in, 早上、下午、晚上用in, 但是具体某一天的早上、下午、晚上用on。

L1Part1 Intensive ReadingCan ChatGPT Help Deliver Bad News?As an oncologist(肿瘤科医生),I've delivered bad news countless times. It's always hard to find the right words.One memory stays with me to this day. I was one of the trainees at a munication skills program. Professional actors came to us at various stages of their “illness." In small groups, we learned how to deliver bad news to them.On the final day, there was an exam. My “patient” was a middleaged man with terminal cancer(晚期癌).He had tried many different treatments, but nothing had worked. “I got this," I thought. Break the news gently but honestly to avoid confusion. Pause and look at him. “I can see that this must be difficult for you," I began. “I, too,wish things were different."Above all, don ’t be clever. Just be honest and kind. The man started crying. My pulse (脉) quickened.“I'm sorry.“ But I have so much to live for ...”We could try other treatments elsewhere. Stop, I can't say that.Silence. plete silence.“And the holiday with my grand kids ...”Take this opportunity. Give him hope. Ask what he might do on the holiday.The learning was there, but I was stuck for words. Thank God, l thought, the man wasn’t really sick.The feedback (反馈意见) was terrible. From the moment he met me, my “patient”felt bad because of my uneasiness (优虑不安).“How easy it is to destroy the human spirit (精神)!" I thought. Good munication is key to patient satisfaction. However, it’s surprising how little time is spent teaching doctors how to do it well.Training programs are rare.But now we have ChatGPT. Will it help? To find out, I did a little experiment. “I'm an oncologist. Help me deliver bad news,” I typed in. “ What can I get wrong with my munication? I need tips on how to support my patients who are receiving bad news.” The answers were detailed and helpful. But my favorite line was, “Before we go on, I want to make sure you're fortable having this conversation now. Make sure to stop me. We can take this at your pace(节奏).”I was embarrassed. I couldn’t remember the last time I had said those words.Sure, ChatGPT won 't offer a gentle touch or sense the tears. And some might warn against relying on it for human jobs. But until there are professional programs for all young doctors to learn how to deliver bad news, I’ll tell them to use ChatGPT' in times of need.Part2 Choose1. Tom is not at school. Do you know what happened ______?A.with himB. to himC. to heD. for he2. My mother is ______. I have to look after her.A. in the hospitalB. at a hospitalC. in hospitalD. in a hospital3. Did you hear someone ______ at the door?A. knocksB. to knockC. knockedD. knocking4. The teacher told the children, “It is very important ______ careful ______ fire.”A. to be; withB. is; withC. being; withD. to be; to5. She saw ______ boy playing with his dog.A. a eightyearoldB. an eightyearsoldC. an eightyearoldD. a eightyearsold6. The story sounds ______.A. InterestinglyB. interestingC. interestedD. danger7. John told me to ______ the pictures ______ tomorrow.A. take; hereB. bring; thereC. taking; thereD. bring; here8. There ______ a lot of ______ in the kitchen and it was very ______.A. was; smoke; hotB. were; smokes; hotC. was; smoke; hotterD. were; smoke; hotter9. Do you ______ drive on the left in English?A. have toB. mustC. shouldD. may10. It's very hot today. Please keep the windows ______.A. openingB. openC. opensD. to open11. — May I play with my dog?— I'm afraid not. You can't play with it ______ you finish your homework.A. whenB. untilC. afterD. because12. I'm afraid I won't ______ finish reading the book in two days.A. canB. couldC. be able toD. may13. They have ______.A. enough food to eatB. food enough eatC. enough food eatingD. food enough eating14. — Must I clean the cage today?— No, you ______.A. mustn'tB. can'tC. needn'tD. may not15. — May I take my pet to school?— No, you ______.A. may notB. might notC. needn'tD. can't16. She ______ so much ______ her mother.A. looks; likeB. looks; forC. looks; afterD. looks forward; to17. Mr. White likes to live in a ______ place.A. quiteB. quietC. quickD. quietly18. Kate has a cat ______ Mimi.A. calledB. callC. to callD. calling19. The teacher told the children to keep the classroom ______.A. to cleanB. cleansC. cleanD. cleaned20. He doesn't smoke and hates women ______.A. smokesB. smokeC. smokedD. smoking21. — How often do you clean the fish tank?— ______.A.This afternoonB. Only onceC. Once a monthD. For two days22. Tom's gold fish died because he gave them ______ food.A. too muchB. much tooC. a fewD. too many23. I need ______ candles. Please pass them to me.A. two moreB. one moreC. more twoD. more one24. I ______, because I don't want to be late for school.A. am used to getting up earlyB. used to getting up earlyC. am used to get up earlyD. used to get up early25. All the students in my class did their homework except ______.A. Jane and IB. Jane and mineC. I and JaneD. Jane and me26. Will you please give the boy ______ to eat?A. favorite somethingB. different anythingC. popular everythingD. something delicious27. Mr. Wang told his son ______ football on the road.A. not playB. to not playC. not to playD. doesn't play28. Both ______ watches were broken.A. Jim and Tom'sB. Jim's and Tom'sC. Jim's and TomD. Jim and Tom29. — Don't forget to bring your son here next time, please.— ______.A. No, I don'tB. No, I won'tC. No, I canD. Yes, I do30. I saw the boy ______ the classroom.A. enter intoB. enterC. to enter intoD. to enter31. Miss Li is ______ our teacher ______ our friend.A. neither; norB. either; orC. not only; but alsoD. either; nor32. He began learning English ______ the age of five.A. ForB. onC. inD. at33. His job is ______ cars.A. to repairB. repairedC. repairsD. repair34. We should protect our eyes ______ sunglasses.A. in wearB. by wearingC. with wearingD. to wear35. He visited Uncle Li ______ a cold morning.A. onB. inC. atD. for36. They often ______ school activities after school.A. joinB. doC. take part inD. play with37. I have seen the movie ______ times.A. the number ofB. a number ofC.muchD. a number38. The boy is made ______ the room every day.A. cleanB. cleaningC. to cleanD. cleans39. You can find some ______ on the Internet.A. informationsB. informationC. pictureD. story40. The ______ girl is looked well by her grandmother.A. fiveyearsoldB. five year oldC. fiveyears oldD. fiveyearold41. Great changes ______ in the last ten years.A. have taken placeB. have been taken placeC. took placeD. were taken place42. ______ does your brother ______?A. How; look likeB. What; look likeC. What; lookD. How; looks43. You must have left your glasses ______.A. somewhere elseB. anywhere elseC. somewhere otherD. some other where44. I will talk with you about it ______ time.A. the otherB. othersC. anotherD. the others45. When I was walking in the street, I saw him ______ his brother.A. to quarrel withB. quarrels withC. quarrel withD. quarrelling with46. All the students like the teachers who ______ their lessons interesting.A. makesB. makeC. makingD. to make47. We'd better go and tell her the ______ news. I'm sure she will be very ______ it.A. surprised; surprising inB. interested; interesting inC. interesting; interested atD. surprising; surprised at48. We can watch the TV programmes from other countries ______ the satellites.A. becauseB. because ofC. ifD. that49. The teacher told us not ______ our dictionaries to school the next day.A. to bringB. to takeC. bringD. take50. I will go to visit my uncle ______ next week.A. sometimesB. some timesC. some timeD. sometimePart 3 ReadingAElectricity is the flow of electrical power or charge. It is a secondary energy source which means that we get it from the conversion (转化) of other sources of energy, l 1 coal, natural gas, oil, nuclear power and other natural sources, which are called primary sources. The energy sources we use to make electricity can be renewable (可再生的) or nonrenewable, but electricity itself is neither renewable nor nonrenewable.Electricity is a basic part of nature and it is one of our most widely used forms of e 2 . Many cities and towns were built along waterfalls that turned water wheels to work. Thomas Edison helped c 3 everyone's life he perfected his invention the electric light bulb.A 4 electricity is very important in our daily life, most of us hardly stop to think what life would be like w 5 electricity. Yet like air and water, we tend to take electricity for granted. Everyday, we use electricity to do many j 6 for us from lighting and heating / cooling our homes, to powering our televisions and puters. Electricity is a useful and convenient form of energy used in the applications of light, heat and p 7 .BPeople think that a good conversationalist should be an attentive listener. Ask questions that other people will enjoy answering. Encourage them to talk about themselves and what they have done. Diogenes, the Greek philosopher also said,“The reason why we have two ears and only one mouth is that we may listen m 1 and talk less!”Try listening! Here are some e 2 about listening: (A neighbor of mine talking about her child) One evening last week I was sitting with Hannah, and she said to me,“You are a smart Mum!” And I said,“Why do you say that suddenly?”And she said,“Although you are always busy,you always stop what you are doing to lis ten to me.”“You have to force your buyer to talk, to enter the c 3 , if you expect to talk your way to successful sale, the only way you can do this is to stop talking yourself and listen.”(From How to Talk your Way to Success in Selling) Airline employees are taught how to listen to plaints. If they are able to show sympathy and to listen long enough, the passengers’ problems will begin to seem less important.Psychologists (心理学家) and d 4 also know that listening is part of their job. If they listen with care and concern the patient, they may even solve the problem! Here are some advice they give：◆ S 5 the other person that you are listening.◆ Look at them.◆ Smile and nod quite often.◆ S 6 your head or raise your eyebrows if you don't follow what they are saying.◆ Don't tap your foot because this will show impatience.◆ Don't look at your watch u 7 you really have to know the time.。

上海初中英语语法知识点1.词性和词义-名词：用于表示人、动物、事物、地点、时间等概念，并且可以充当主语、宾语等。

-代词：用于代替名词，可以充当主语、宾语等。

-形容词：用于描述名词的特征、性质、状态等。

-副词：用于修饰动词、形容词、其他副词等，表示时间、程度、方式、地点等。

-动词：用于表示动作或状态。

-介词：用于表示名词或代词与其他词之间的关系，常常用来表示时间、地点、方式、原因等。

-连词：用于连接词与词、词组与词组或句子与句子。

-数词：用于表示数量。

-冠词：用于限定名词。

2.句子结构-主语：表示动作所作用的对象或发出动作的人或物。

-谓语：表示主语的动作、状态或存在。

-宾语：表示动作的对象，又称受词。

-表语：说明主语的身份、特性、状态等。

-定语：对名词或代词进行修饰。

-状语：对动词、形容词、副词、句子进行修饰。

-补语：对谓语动词进行补充，使句子完整。

-定语从句：用来对名词进行进一步的说明和限定。

3.时态和语态-一般现在时：表示经常性的动作、习惯性的动作或真理。

-现在进行时：表示具体正在进行的动作。

-一般过去时：表示过去发生的动作或状态。

-过去进行时：表示在过去其中一时间正在进行的动作。

-一般将来时：表示将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。

-祈使句：表示请求、命令、建议等。

-被动语态：表示动作的承受者是谁，强调是动作的承受者，而不是动作的执行者。

4.动词时态和语态的使用-一般现在时：常用于表示经常性动作或客观事实。

-现在进行时：表示现在正在进行的动作或状态。

-一般过去时：表示过去一些时间的动作或状态。

-过去进行时：表示过去一些时间正在进行的动作。

-一般将来时：表示将来一些时间要发生的动作或进行的状态。

-被动语态：用于强调动作的承受者。

5.形容词的比较级和最高级-比较级：用于表示两个事物比较的程度。

-最高级：用于表示三个或以上事物比较的程度。

6.介词的使用- 表示地点：at, in, on, to, from, between, among等。