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非谓语动词概述在句子中充当除谓语动词以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词包括不定式（to do）,动名词（-ing），现在分词（-ing），过去分词（-ed）。
他们不受主语人称和数的限制，在句子中不能充当谓语动词，但是可以充当句子的其他成分，并且有时态和语态的变化，所以要正确使用非谓语形式，一定要理解不同形式所表现的意义，要明确非谓语动词与逻辑主语之间是“主动”还是“被动”关系，所表示的动作是“过去”，“现在”，还是“将来”，以及和谓语动词所表现的动作是同步发生还是有先后之分。
不定式一、不定式的句法功能1.不定式做主语To see is to believe眼见为实To work means to earn a living工作就是为了谋生Tip:不定式做主语，太长的时候，通常用形式主语it来代替。
It is impossible for us to live without clean water.没有干净的水，我们是不可能生存的（it来代替to live without clean water）2.不定式做宾语We need to take measures to prevent people from damaging environment.我们应该采取措施阻止人们破坏环境I want to watch TV.我想看电视3.不定式做表语（说明主语的内容、性质、特征）主语通常是表意向、打算、计划的词，如：wish,idea,task,purpose,duty,dream,aim 等，常用to do 不定式做表语My dream is to be a teacher.我的梦想是成为一名老师My duty is to take good care of my little sister.我的责任就是照顾我的妹妹4.不定式做定语（后置定语，来修饰名词）常见不定式做后置定语的词：way,ability,chance,time,place,the first,the second,the only,the last 等I have a lot of homework to do .我有许多作业要做He is the first to come and the last to leave.他是第一个来的，最后一个走的She has enough money to buy a computer.她有足够的钱买一台电脑5.不定式做宾补（V+sb to do sth）My mother tells me to do my homework first.我的妈妈告诉我要先做作业He invited us to go for a picnic last weekend.上周末他邀请我们去野餐6.不定式做状语（状语是用来修饰动词的）（1）做目的状语I come here to tell you that I have finished doing my homework.我来是为了告诉你我的作业已经写完了（to tell you...做目的状语）He bought a bag of food to eat他买了一包食物吃（to eat 做目的状语）（2）做结果状语He got to the station,only to find the train has already left .他到达车站，发现火车已经离开了（火车离开是结果状语）He is too young to go to school.他太小了而不能上学（不能去上学是结果）（3）原因状语I am sorry to hear that you lost your wallet.听说你的钱包丢了我很难过（难过的原因是钱包丢了）They were excited to hear the news.他们听到这个消息很激动（激动的原因是听到了消息）二、接不定式作宾语的动词（V+to do sth）afford（支付得起）,agree（同意）,aks（要求）choose（选择）,continue（继续），decide（决定）dare（敢于）,expect（期望）,fail（失败）help（帮助）,hope（希望）,learn（学）,like（喜欢）manage（成功）,offer（提供）plan（计划）prepare（准备）,promise（承诺）,prefer（更喜欢）refuse（拒绝）,want（想要）,wish（希望）三、接不定式作宾补的动词（V+sb to do sth）tell,ask,want,wish,warn,teach,expect,encourage,allow,advise,remind,require,requ est,permit,persuade,order,need,leave,invite,hate,force,command,beg等四、不带to的动词不定式（1）感官动词hear,see,watch,notice,feel等后跟不带to的不定式感官动词+sb+do sth表示：动作的全过程感官动词+sb+doing sth表示：动作正在进行（2）使役动词make,let,have（使，让）+ sb do sth 让某人做某事。
Unit 4词汇篇__________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________熟练掌握本单元重点词组句型。
一．短语归纳used to do 过去常常be used to doing …习惯于作be used to do 被用来作pay ( more )attention to sth. ( doing sth.) 对…（更加）注意give up doing = stop doing 放弃做…instead of ( doing ) …代替, 而不是lose interest in 对…失去兴趣be afraid ( terrified ) of doing sth. 惧怕做be terrified of sth. / sb.=be afraid of 惧怕某人/ 物…go to sleep = fall asleep 入睡all the time = always 一直，总是with the lights on 开着灯….with the door open ( closed ) 开（关）着门take the bus to school = go to school by bus 坐公车去上学spend time doing = take time to do 花时间做…go right home 直接回家daily life 日常生活chat with sb. about sth 和…聊关于…in the last ( past ) few years 在过去的几年里（用于现在完成时）make you stressed out 使你紧张all day (long) = the whole day 整天as +原级+ as sb. can / could =as+原级+ as possible 尽可能…地in the end = at last = finally 最后，终于to one’s surprise 令某人吃惊的是in surprise 吃惊地even though = even if 尽管no longer = not…any longer 不再no more=not…any more 不再take pride in = be proud of 对…感到自豪the pride of 是…的骄傲change one’s life 改变某人的生活change one’s mind 改变某人的主意an eight-year-old boy 一个八岁大的男孩子after his father's death a few years ago 在几年前他爸死后can /can't afford to buy …能／不能买得起…get into trouble 遇到麻烦be in trouble 处于困境中waste time （money ）浪费时间It is necessary to do…做…是必要的1.Peter used to _____ shy and have short hair, but now he is outgoing and _______ long hair.A. be; hasB. be; haveC. is; hasD. is; have2. Most of the girls are _____ of the dark, but Lucy is ______ in them. A. terrified; interested B. interested; terrified C. terrifying; interesting D. interesting; terrifying3.. ----Would you like to play computer games with me? ----Sorry, I have ______ playing them.A. made upB. given upC. looked upD. picked up4. Five minutes later, the teacher went on _________ about the story.A. talkB. to talkC. talkingD. talked5. Li Ming, you should _____ more attention to your pronunciation. A. give B. send C. pay D. Take解析：本题考查used to结构的肯定句及一般现在时。
第七讲特殊句式PartⅠ真题变式体验1．[2015·湖南高考］________ after talking to two students did I discover that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.答案：Only 根据“did I discover"且句子为陈述句可知此处考查倒装句。
“only＋状语"位于句首时,引出部分倒装，故答案是only。
2．[2015·江苏高考］It might have saved me some trouble ________ I known the schedule.答案：had 根据句式结构分析，两个句子中无连词，且“I”后的“known”为过去分词，可判断为省去if的虚拟语气引出倒装的情况，主句是与过去相反,从句应为过去完成时,故填had。
3．［2015·重庆高考］Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century ________ his musical gift was fully recognized。
答案：that 根据“it was＋________＋句子”结构去掉“it was”与空格发现句子仍成立。
可知此题考查强调句型，故填that。
4．［2015·湖南高考］Always ________ in mind that your main task is to get his company running smoothly.答案：keep 根据句子结构分析可知，此处考查祈使句,“keep in mind”记住.句意：记住你的主要任务是使他的公司运行顺利。
5．［2014·天津高考]Give me a chance, ________ I'll give you awonderful surprise.答案：and'本题考查特殊句式中的“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”句式.故填and.句意：给我一次机会，我会给你一个惊喜.6．[2014·福建高考]The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely，________ ever，reaching 30 ℃in summer。
中考英语二轮复习——第7讲、句型专题（讲义含答案）中考二轮复习——第7讲、句型专题（讲义）【知识点睛】简单句：由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成的句子。
五种基本句型S+V 主语+谓语 We exercise.S+V+O 主语+谓语+宾语 I like apples.S+V+P 主语+系动词+表语 They are students.S+V+O+O 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 She gave me a pen.S+V+O+OC 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 He made the boy laugh.并列句：由并列连词(and, so, but, or等)把两个或以上的简单句连在一起构成的句子。
He did the work and he did it well.I like music, but I don’t like this song.复合句：由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子。
宾语从句Do you know where he is?状语从句 Lily was listening to music while Lucy was watching TV.定语从句That is the boy I met yesterday.一、简单句（一）句子改错1.Many people against the plan.________________________________________________________________________2.My family is planning to spend one day in the countryside.________________________________________________________________________3.Do you want to make your health?________________________________________________________________________4.In my opinion, we should to be honest to other people.________________________________________________________________________5.Share with friends helped me bring back my confidence.________________________________________________________________________6.One of your problems is worry about studies and felt tired.________________________________________________________________________7.When we are tired or nurvous, music can make us relaxed.________________________________________________________________________8.I think happy is only a feeling.________________________________________________________________________9.In zhengzhou, you shouldn’t kiss other for the first time.________________________________________________________________________10.I want to take part in the run matches because I’m good at runing.________________________________________________________________________（二）翻译句子11.躺在床上看书对眼睛不好。
句型【知识点睛】复合句并列句简单句简单句：由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成的句子。
五种基本句型S+V 主语+谓语 We exercise.S+V+O 主语+谓语+宾语 I like apples.S+V+P 主语+系动词+表语 They are students.S+V+O+O 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 She gave me a pen.S+V+O+OC 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 He made the boy laugh.并列句：由并列连词(and, so, but, or等)把两个或以上的简单句连在一起构成的句子。
He did the work and he did it well.I like music, but I don’t like this song.复合句：由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子。
宾语从句Do you know where he is?状语从句 Lily was listening to music while Lucy was watching TV.定语从句That is the boy I met yesterday.一、简单句（一）句子改错1.Many people against the plan.________________________________________________________________________ 2.My family is planning to spend one day in the countryside.________________________________________________________________________ 3.Do you want to make your health?________________________________________________________________________ 4.In my opinion, we should to be honest to other people.________________________________________________________________________ 5.Share with friends helped me bring back my confidence.________________________________________________________________________ 6.One of your problems is worry about studies and felt tired.________________________________________________________________________ 7.When we are tired or nurvous, music can make us relaxed.________________________________________________________________________ 8.I think happy is only a feeling.________________________________________________________________________ 9.In zhengzhou, you shouldn’t kiss other for the first time.________________________________________________________________________ 10.I want to take part in the run matches because I’m good at runing.________________________________________________________________________（二）翻译句子11.躺在床上看书对眼睛不好。
________________________________________________________________________12.汤姆喜欢听音乐。
________________________________________________________________________13.他尽了自己的最大可能吃了第九个苹果。
（try one’s best）________________________________________________________________________14.他把这本书递给了汤姆。
________________________________________________________________________15.我父母希望我成为一名老师。
________________________________________________________________________16.周日晚上郑州将会有一场音乐会。
________________________________________________________________________二、并列句/复合句（一）用合适的连词组合成一句话17.Tom didn’t visit the museum yesterday. He stayed at home._______________________________________________________________________18.I was very nervous in my English test. I failed._______________________________________________________________________19.We walk together with friends. We share something interesting. We know each other better. _______________________________________________________________________（二）翻译句子20.我们没有放弃，我们更努力的去做。
________________________________________________________________________21.游泳能帮助减肥，还有益于身体健康。
_______________________________________________________________________22.我们作业多，没时间锻炼。
_______________________________________________________________________23.早点儿起，不然就迟到了。
_______________________________________________________________________24.不但莉莉可以去北京，而且露西也可以去。
_______________________________________________________________________三、复合句（一）句子改错25.Some people think having after-school classes is very important. But some people think isnot good._______________________________________________________________________26.You may get some things are not the real things you want._______________________________________________________________________27.Sometime, in the web site to see things and buy back is not the same._______________________________________________________________________28.You can buy some quality good things on the internet._______________________________________________________________________29.Fangfang thought her English is good and she doesn’t need to study hard._______________________________________________________________________30.Because Fangfang didn’t prepare well, and she was too nervous, so she didn’t fin ish the contest._______________________________________________________________________（二）翻译句子31.百分之五的学生不确定自己是否开心。
______________________________________________________________________32.我觉得他没有说真话。
______________________________________________________________________33.当你考试失利或被别人误解时，不要悲伤，要微笑。
______________________________________________________________________34.一些学生不喜欢英语，因为英语中有许多单词和语法要记。
