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第三层级|注意“行文逻辑”——争满分语法填空和短文改错这两种题型主要是从词法、句法和行文逻辑三个角度考查考生在语篇中综合运用英语的能力, 同时兼顾句型结构、习惯搭配等。
相对于词法、句法来说, 行文逻辑题是考生失分最多的题目。
究其原因, 这类题目的解题信息不局限于某句或某个句群, 大多是需要从全文的角度去审视、去思考, 对于这类较难题目, 考生在做题时, 一定要注意以下三点：一、注意时态是否一致有目的地去检查文中的每一个谓语动词的时态与上下文、语境以及该句的时间状语是否相一致。
若全文都是在使用过去时态, 则考查角度一般就是针对过去时态的。
[典例1](2016·全国卷Ⅰ)So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research. I __62__ (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador ...[易误点拨]分析句子成分可知句子缺少谓语动词, 需要考虑其时态、语态及主谓一致。
I与allow之间是被动关系, 故用被动语态；又因上一句主句用过去时, 可确定此句也用过去时。
再根据主语I, 可知应填was allowed。
本题容易受下文将来时态的影响而错填别的时态。
[典例2](2016·全国卷Ⅰ)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that (→where) I live. Though not very big, but (去掉but) the restaurant is popular in our area. It is always crowded with customers at meal times. Some people even had (→have) to wait outside. My uncle tells me that the key to his success is honest (→honesty). Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or (→and) high quality oil are using (→used) for cooking. My uncle says that he never dreams (∧of) becoming rich in the (→a) short period of time. Instead, he hopes that our (→his) business will grow steady (→steadily)．[易误点拨]全文的时态为一般现在时, 第四句中用了过去时had, 应该引起重视, 重点核查。
第四讲词义猜测题——上下文中求答案[考查内容] [设问方式] 根据上下文猜测词义是阅读能力的一部分，也是高考阅读理解测试中重要的一项。
要做好这类题目，考生要记住：在完整的语篇中，单词和词组的意义总是受特定的语境、上下文限制的，因此考生可以根据上下文，并利用所掌握的语法、词汇和构词法等知识确定它们的意义。
词义猜测可以是对一个单词的意义的推断，也可以是对一个短语或句子的意义的推断；既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新义，还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。
在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，而要根据短文提供的语境，通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或短语的含义。
By saying that “...” in the first (second ...) paragraph, the author means that ________. In Paragraph ..., “...” can be replaced by“______”．The meaning of “...” in Paragraph ... is related to ________.Which of the following has the closest meaning to ... (Paragraph ...)？As is used in Line ..., the word “...” refers to ________.The underlined sentence in the ... paragraph probably means that ________.词义猜测题7大猜词技巧要做好词义猜测题，考生除了必须熟练掌握《考试大纲》规定的词汇外，在平时的训练中还要注意积累生词和短语，掌握构词法的基本知识，对于各种前、后缀的变化形式了然于心，还要学会根据上下文语境进行合理推测，掌握一定的解题技巧。
专题十五 连词与状语从句
我喜欢画画和跳舞。
你错就是我错。
She isn’t a teacher but a 她不是老师而是医生。
你答应了，然而你什么也
因为太累了，我停下来休
_______you nor
but also
D.so
can’t find
我知道汤姆来自美
我不知道一会儿后是否会下雨。
not is still a
他是否会来还是个问题。
当我爸爸回来的时候，我正在看电视。
完成家庭作业后你可以
我会一直等你，直到你
因为我有太多事情要做。
他因为年龄问题而丢了工作。
们的会议吧。
不得不乘出租车
不然她会
driving.
不是你错了，就是他错了。
songs but 她不但英文歌唱得好，舞也跳。
五四语法六连词语法考点剖析考点一并列连词1．表示并列关系的有and“和”，both... and...“两者都……”， neither... nor...“两者都不……”，not only... but also...“不但……而且……”等。
Hold on to your dream, and one d ay it may just come true.坚持你的梦想，总有一天它会实现。
Neither he nor his children like eating fish.他和他的孩子们都不喜欢吃鱼。
Both she and I are good at singing.她和我都擅长唱歌。
2．表示转折关系的有but“但是”，yet“然而”，while“然而”，however“然而”等。
It's a beautiful place, but there were so many people that I couldn't find a proper place to take photos.这是一个漂亮的地方，但是有太多的人在那儿，以至于我找不到合适的位置拍照。
3．表示选择关系的有or“或者；否则”，either... or...“或者……或者……”，not... but...“不是……而是……”等。
You can use it or throw it.你可以用它也可以扔了它。
Either you or your mother is wrong.不是你错了，就是你妈妈错了。
4．表示因果关系的有for“因为”，此时for是并列连词不放在句首。
The ground was wet, for it rained last night.地面是湿的，因为昨天晚上下雨了。
★neither... nor, either... or, not only... but also连接两个成分作主语时，谓语动词要和最近的主语保持一致；both... and...作主语时谓语动词只能用复数。
第三讲阅读七选五稳准解题技法——画→析→找→验“画→析→找→验”解题示范[例](2018·全国卷Ⅲ)[1]Before there was the written word, there was the language of dance. Dance expresses love and hate, joy and sorrow, life and death, and everything else in between.[2]__36__ We dance from Florida to Alaska, from north to south and sea to sea. We dance at weddings, birthdays, office parties and just to fill the time.[3]“I adore dancing，”says Lester Bridges, the owner of a dance studio in Iowa. “I can't imagine doing anything else with my life.” Bridges runs dance classes for all ages.“Teaching dance is wonderful.__37__ It's great to watch them. For many of them, it's a way of meeting people and having a social life.”[4]__38__ “I can tell you about one young couple，”says Bridges.“They're learning to do traditional dances. They arrive at the class in low spirits and they leave with a smile.__39__”[5]So, do we dance in order to make ourselves feel better, calmer, healthier? Andrea Hillier says，“Dance, like the pattern of a beating heart, is life. Even after all these years, I want to get better and better.__40__ I find it hard to stop! Dancing reminds me I'm alive.”A．So why do we dance?B．Dance in the U．S. is everywhere.C．If you like dancing outdoors, come to America.D．My older students say it makes them feel young.E．I keep practicing even when I'm extremely tired.F．Dancing seems to change their feeling completely.G．They stayed up all night long singing and dancing.第一步：画出文章结构1．析空格特征1．根据第三步做出的初步判断，把36.B37.D38.A39.F40.E代入原文后，五个答案皆符合上下文语境。
连词not only…but (also),不但…而且 (强调后者，就近原则)注意：not only… but also关联两个分句时，一个分句因有否定词not而必须倒装。
Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some.neithe…nor意思为"既不……也不……" (就近原则)Neither you nor he is to blame.as well as 也 (强调前者，就远原则)The students as well as their class teacher like watching football matches very much.I have one of his plays as well as a few of his novels.表示选择的并列结构1) or意思为"否则"。
I must work hard, or I'll fail in the exam.2) either…or意思为"或者……或者……"。
注意谓语动词采用就近原则。
Either you or I am right.表示转折或对比1) but表示转折，while表示对比。
some people love cats, while others hate them.2) not…but… 意思为"不是……而是……"not和but后面的用词要遵循一致原则。
They were not the bones of an animal, but (the bones) of a human being.表示因果关系1) forfor是并列连词，不能置于含两个并列分句的句子的句首，只能将其放在两个分句中间。
2) so, therefore方式从句 as if, as though地点从句 where, wherever比较从句 than, as常用连词的用法辨析1． while, when, as这三个连词都可引导时间状语从句，但用法有所不同。
