情态动词＋have done (have been doing )
一、教学目标
情态动词＋have done (have been doing ) 的用法
二、生成问题
情态动词+have done (have been doing ) 的用法有哪些？
1、should(ought to)＋have done (have been doing )表示“本来应该做而实际上没做”，其否定式表示“本来不该做却做了”，常含有责备的语气。
You should have been here five minutes ago.五分钟之前你就应该到这里了。
How I regretted the days when I had played and should have studied.
我多么懊悔我本应该好好学习的日子都玩掉了。
We shouldn’t have been resting so long.我们真不该休息这么长时间。
2、could＋have done表示“本来有能力做而实际上没有做”。
—We could have walked to the station, it was so near.
这么近，我们完全能走着来车站。
—Yes. A taxi was not at all necessary.是呀，根本不必搭车的。
I could have won if I hadn’t fallen over.要不是摔倒，我准能赢。
3、needn’t＋have done表示“本来不必做的事，实际上做过了 ”。
I got up early, but needn’t have done so, because I had nothing to do that morning.
那天早上我起得很早，可我根本不必起这么早，因为我无事可做。
You needn’t have written such a long article. The teacher only asked for 300 words,
1 情态动词+have+done是历年高考的重点和难点之一，现将其用法总结归纳如下：
一、must+have+done表示对过去事情的肯定推测,译成“一定做过某事”,该结构只用于肯定句.
1. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的
2. You must have been mad to speak to the servant.你和仆人说话,一定是发疯了
二、 “can't+have+done”表示对过去事情的否定推测，译成“不可能做过某事”。
1. Mr. Smith can't have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the
library just now. 史密斯先生不可能去北京了，我刚才还在图书馆见过他。
2.Mary can't have stolen your money. She has gone home.玛丽不可能偷你的钱,她回家去了
三、“can+have+done”表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成“可能做过……吗？”。
1.There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out?屋里没有灯,他们可能出去了吗?
2. There is nowhere to find them. Where can they have gone?
到处找不到他们，他们可能到什么地方去呢？
四、could+have+done’是虚拟语气,表示对过去事情的假设,意思是本来能够做某事而没有做.
He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless.本来他能通过考试，但他太粗心
五、 “may+have+done”表示对发生过的事情的推测，意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”，用于肯定句中。 —What has
“情态动词+have done”的用法
“情态动词＋have done”表示对过去情况的推测或估计，是历年高考的热点。现就这一语言现象作如下归纳：
1． should (ought to) have＋过去分词
表示过去应该做而（实际）没有做的事情,含有责备或遗憾的语气，意为“本应该……”；其否定形式为“should not／ought not to have ＋ 过去分词”，表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。
Mr. White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting , but he didn’t’ show up. （04’广西卷）
A. should have arrived B. should arrive
C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving
[解析]本题中的一个关键词but暗示了“Mr. White按道理理应到了，而他没有到”。故答案选[A]。
2．needn’t have＋过去分词
表示过去没有必要做某事, 但实际上做了某事。
As you worked late yesterday, you_________ have come this morning. (06’陕西卷)
A. mayn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t D. needn’t
[解析] He needn't have come，表示“他本没有必要来（实际却来了）”，根据句意，答案应选[D]。
[注意] He didn't need to come yesterday，意为“他昨天没有必要来（实际也没来）”。
3．must have＋过去分词
用于肯定句，表示“过去一定做过某事”，表示一种很有把握的推测。
[注意] 对过去发生情况的否定推测常用can’t／couldn’t have ＋过去分词。
I have lost one of my gloves. I ________ it somewhere . （05’北京春季）
情态动词加havedone练习题
Exercises:
1.-----Guess what! I have got A for my term paper.
------Great! You _______read widely and put a lot of work into
it.
A. must
B. should
C. must have
D. should have
2. Sorry I’m late. I have turned off the alarm clock and gone
back to
sleep again.
A. mightn’t
B. shouldn’t
C. can’t
D. won’t
3. ------ The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild
animals for 13 years before she returned .
------- Oh , dear ! She ______ a lot of difficulties !
A.may go through
B. might go through
C. ought to have gone
through
D. must have gone through
4. I was on the highway when this car went past followed by
a police car. They _____ at least 150 kilometers an hour.
5. Mr. White ________ at 8:30 for the meeting , but he didn’t
show up.
A. should have arrived B. should arrive
C. should have had arrived
