情态动词 + have done

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情态动词 + have done

情态动词 + have done ①表示对过去情况的推测 ② 表示某种情绪、态度

must have done “一定已经做了……” 对过去肯定情况的较大把握的推测

can’t have done “不可能已经做了……” 对过去的否定情况的较大把握的推测

can have done “可能已经做了……” 用于疑问句中,不用于肯定的陈述句中

could have done

“可能已经做了……” 对过去情况的推测

“本能做……(实际没做)” 对过去未能实现动作的责备或惋惜之情

May / might have

done “可能已经做了……” 对过去情况的推测,

“本可以做……(实际没做)” 对过去未能实现动作的责备或惋惜之情

should / ought to

have done “本应该做……(实际没做)” 对过去未能实现动作的责备或惋惜之情其否定句“本不应该做……(实际做了)”

needn’t have done “本不必做……(实际做了)” 对过去未能实现动作的责备或惋惜之情

*couldn’t have done 只能表示对过去的否定情况的较大把握的推测=can’t have done

*表示推测时,“情态动词+have done”和“情态动词+do”的显著区别在于:前者表示过去的、有结果的事情的推测;后者表示对现在或将来的推测。

Harry is feeling uncomfortable. He _______________(dink) too much at the party last night.

Why are your eyes are so red? You ____________________(sleep) well last night.

We _______________________(visit) the museum but we spent too much time shopping.

He _______________________(arrive) in Beijing.

He might have given you help, even though he was very busy.

Yesterday was the deadline, and he should have completed his work.

We needn’t have bought so much food now that Tom won’t come and have dinner with us.

*should 的其它用法 表示惊异、遗憾、不满,意为“竟然,竟会”

【实战演练】

1. – I phoned you yesterday morning. A girl answered, but I didn’t recognize the voice.

-- Oh, it ______________(be) my younger sister. She was in my room at that moment.

2. (2014 陕西高考 改编)My book, The House of Hades, is missing. Who ____________(take) it.

3.(2013 新课标全国 改编)Since nobody gave him any help, he __________________(do) the

research on his own.

4. (2011 新课标全国 改编)They ___________(arrive) at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.

5. The boy _____________(take) your book for he has been off for a week.

6. Although you_______ find bargains in London, it’s not generally a cheap place to shop.

7. I can’t believe it _____________(happen) in broad daylight.

8. It’s strange that such a rich man ____________(be) so greedy.

9. I am ashamed, sir, that I wasted the many hours when I __________________( study) in class.

10. Oh, dear! It’s already twelve o’clock. Hurry up! Mother _______________(wait) anxiously.