汉译英翻译专题49页PPT

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• 长嗟短叹 －－ sighing deeply
• 发号施令－－ issue orders
• 土崩瓦解－－ fall apart
•2021/3/7两面三刀－－ two-fCaHEcNeLI d tactics
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4. 语态转换
• 在英汉两种语言当中都有主动和被动两种语态 。在英语中被动语态的使用频率要远远高于汉 语。如果一味按照汉语原句的语态来翻译，会 使译文显得十分别扭。
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CHENLI
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Practice Please.
• 1. 我不觉得用英语与外国人交谈有什么困难。 • I don’t think it difficult to speak to a
foreigner in English.
• 2. 虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。
• Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.
• 这个小男孩在放学回家的路上受了伤 。
• The little boy was hurt on his way home from school.
• 门锁好了。The door has been locked up.
• 新教材在印刷中。
• New 2021/3/7 textbooks are CbHEeNLiIng printed.
2021/3/7
CHENLI
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2. 减词:
• 汉语喜欢重复，英语崇尚简洁。汉语的重复作为一种修辞 手段有两种作用。一是为了强调，重复表达一个意思，或 增添修饰语，加强语气。二是为了便于词语搭配，或平衡 节奏，增加可读性。这些在汉语里习以为常的重复词语或 句式，到了英语里要么不合逻辑，要么累赘冗长。所以翻 译时都要有所删减省略。

注意词汇的深层逻辑
春运
不能简单地说成是 spring transportation (春季 的运输)
而是the rush / peak season of passenger transportation during the Spring Festival / Chinese New Year
11) 在我们肉眼看来似乎静止不动的一杯水中，却有数不清的水分子 正在进行着大量的无规则的热运动。
Although the water in a glass looks to be totally motionless to our naked eyes，a great deal of thermal movement of its countless molecules is going on disorderly inside.
馆：
博物馆museum
图书馆library
旅馆hotel
宾馆guest house
大使馆embassy
领事馆consulate
茶馆tea house
饭馆restaurant
理发馆barber’s shop 体育馆gymnasium
展览馆exhibition hall 文化馆cultural center
With foreign trade as the locomotive（机车） / flagship.
家庭经济情况不好
economic condition
改为：financial condition
备课要做好三件事情：备学生，备教材，备 教法。
Preparing a lecture requires doing three things well: getting to know the students; arranging suitable teaching material, and choosing effective (optimal) teaching methods.

• None of your cheek; dry behind the ears
• breast the tape ; • 童话：the pumpkin has not turned into a coach;
动物惯用法：bell the cat; cat and dog life; let the cat out of the bag; like a cat on hot bricks before road test; plat cat and mouse game with her.
• Blaze new trails and forge ahead • Bend the law for personal gain and
engage in fraud • A farsighted decision • Peaks rising one after another
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• Raise money to set up new schools • Teach students according to their aptitude • Abusing power to make profits
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• 练习 • Return cultivated land to forest or pastures • Men and women of vision • Enjoy banquet on public funds • A far cry from the burning need
英汉词汇翻译
2020/10/13
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• 名山大川 • 辞旧迎新
1 并列
反腐倡廉 集思广益 政通人和 求同存异

A translation is taken to be any target-language utterance which is presented or regarded as such within the target culture, on whatever grounds. —Gideon Toury
Translation is an art that involves the re-creation of a work in another language for readers with a different background. —Malcolm Cowley
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Definitions of translation
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The Book of Changes says that rhetoric should uphold truthfulness. Confucius says that expressiveness is all that matters in language. He adds that if one’s language lacks grace, it will not travel far. These qualities, then, are the criterion of good writing and, I believe, of good translation too. Hence besides faithfulness and expressiveness, a translator should also aim at elegance. (王佐良 译）
Translation is the production of a functional target text maintaining a relationship with a given source text that is specified according to the intended or demanded function of the target text. —Christiane Nord

being mountainsW, fohreestns, wriveershaandd ptleacae,sIfocr ootuheldr usneos.t take my 中国乒乓球大奖赛ey的e最s 后fr一o天m，h刘e国r梁sm在男al子l,单d打el比ic赛a中te一h举a夺n魁ds后,，th干e脆利落地夺得大奖赛的4项冠军。
汉译英长句翻译 – 合并法
– 顺译法 – 倒置法 – 插入法
第，共6页。
汉译英长句翻译 进行汉译英长句翻译时，应该先通览原文的大概意思，再弄 清楚原文的句法结构，分析句子各个层次的含义和相互间的逻 辑关系，再根据英语表达特点，正确翻译出原文含义。翻译完 毕后，应再次审读译文，检查译文的内容是否详尽、结构是否 合理、语言是否地道。常见的汉译英长句翻译技巧有以下几种:
合并法
顺译法
倒置法 插入法
第2页，共6页。
合并法： 合并法是把若干个短句合并成一个长句。英语强调形合，结
构较严密，因此长句较多。所以汉译英时可采用连词、非谓语动 词、定语从句、独立结构等方式把汉语短句连成长句。
中国是个大国，百分之八十的人口从事农业，但耕地只占土地面积的十分 之一，其余为山脉、森林、湖泊和其他用地。
China is a large country with eighty percent of the population engaged in agriculture, but only one tenth of the land is farmland, the rest
China is a large country with eighty percent of the population engaged in agriculture, but only one tenth of the land is farmland, the rest being mountains, forests, rivers and places for other uses.

驾驶员在飞机坠毁后，竟然还能活着， 这看来是不可想象的事。
❖ 6. It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings.
真奇怪， 她竟然没有看出自己的缺点。
❖ 7. It is rumored that the meeting will be held in June.
10点30分的时候， 街上来往的车辆稀少了。
❖ 3. Americans have a great range of customs and habits that at first may seem puzzling to a visitor.
美国人有很多风俗习惯在陌生人看来里令人费解 的。
❖ 4. Parents love their children and the love is perfect.
❖ 2. I tried vainly to put the pieces together. 我想把这些碎片拼在一起， 可是拼不起来。（分译状语）
❖ 3. The computer can give Mary the right lesson for her: neither too fast nor too slow. 计算机能给玛丽上课，上得恰到好处， 既不太快， 也不太 慢。（分译定语）
❖ 1. Throughout his life, Benjamin Franklin continued his education, learning from human contact as well as from books. 富兰克林的整个一生都在受教育， 他不仅从书本中学习呒而 且也从与人交往中学习。（分译分词短语）

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翻译中的选词和选义 Die & “死
”
To go to sleep To be no more To close one’s eyes To lay down one’s life To pass away To breathe one’s last To go west To come to a violent death To give up the ghost To kick the bucket To kick up one’s heels To release souls from
译：1）这是一位举止得体的姑娘。（不宜译成：有好举止的姑娘） 2）这些都被标为新鲜的鸡蛋。（不宜译成：好鸡蛋） 3）狗经常被认为是人们的忠实朋友。（不宜译成：好朋友） 4）纳赛尔是个高明的棋手。（不宜译成：好棋手）
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词的搭配意义 ——“sophisticated”
Sophisticated man Sophisticated woman Sophisticated columnist Sophisticated electronic device Sophisticated man weapon
出席会议的有4国政府的首脑。
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一词多译 “man”
Man and wife Officers and men His man Friday Man-of-war Be a man!
丈夫和妻子 官和兵 他的仆人“礼拜五” 战舰 要像个男子汉！
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一词多译 “good”
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一词多译 “head”
1) He was badly wounded in the head. 2) You should use your head a bit. 3) He has a good head for mathematics. 4) The dinner cost us five dollars a head. 5) He was standing at the end of the staircase. 6) Let’s discuss the question under five heads. 7) Heads or tails? 8) Where is the head? 9) Go and ask the head of our department. 10) Present at the meeting were the heads of government of the four

on science and education; the strategy of country development by developing
science and education; the strategy of giving priority to the development
(rive tiredly 按照交通法规术语应该翻译为Drowsy driving
is dangerous . 或 Drive alert, arrive alive
以外贸为龙头
不能直接翻译为with foreign trade as the dragon head， 这样翻译是很难让外国人明白的，因为以……为龙头这个 说法是源自耍龙灯的习俗，而多数外国人不一定熟悉中国 人的这一习俗。为了取得好的翻译效果，最好是用能够跨 越文化障碍的表达方法，如火车头或旗舰：
馆：
博物馆museum
图书馆library
旅馆hotel
宾馆guest house
大使馆embassy
领事馆consulate
茶馆tea house
饭馆restaurant
理发馆barber’s shop 体育馆gymnasium
展览馆exhibition hall 文化馆cultural center
汉译英：词和短语的翻译
CONTENTS
词汇—短语—句子
定语结构的转换
词的翻译
葡萄 grape； 葡萄干
raisin 酿酒厂
brewery 炼油厂
refinery 宗教religion； 邪教cult 鸟bird，小鸟fledgling 老虎tiger，虎崽cub 洒水车sprinkler；垃圾车

4. 副词转译为动词（adv.---v.）
• What film will be on this evening? • 今晚放映什么影片？ • That book will be out pretty soon. • 那本书不久就要出版了。 • In those years the republicans were in. • 那些年是共和党执政。 • Double windows were fixed to keep the cold out. • 安装双层窗御寒。 动名词转译成动词（gerund---v.） • The origin of this particular culture is far from clearing. • 这种奇特的文化根源远没有弄清楚。
1. 名词转译成动词（ n.---v. ）
• • • • • • • • • 英语中具有动作意义的名词，汉译时往往可转化为动词。 Families upstairs have to carry pails to the hydrant downstairs for water. 住在楼上的人家得提着水桶去楼下的水龙头打水。(5 verbs) They went on strike in demand of a 40 percent wage increase. 他们举行罢工，要求工资增加40%。 Give me liberty or give me death. 不自由， 毋宁死。 He is an enemy to reform. 他反对改革。
2. 形容词转译为名词 （adj.---n. ） 有些形容词在翻译时如不易或不能用适宜的汉语形容词表 达，可改用名词表达。 • The day was cloudy but the sun was trying to come through. • 天上有云，不过太阳就要破云而出了。 • Obedience is obligatory on a soldier. • 服从命令是军人的天职。 • Many Western people are religious. • 很多西方人/西方人多数都是虔诚的教徒。 • In the fission(裂变) process the fission fragments are very radioactive. 在裂变过程中，裂变碎片具有强烈的放射性。 It is a fact that glass is much more soluble than quarts(石 英). 事实上，玻璃的可溶性比石英大得多。

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大学英语四级考试新题型评分标准
档次
评分标准
13-15分 译文准确表达了原文的意思。用词贴切，行文流畅 ，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。
10-12分 译文基本上表达了原文的意思。文字通顺、连贯， 无重大语言错误。
7-9分 译文勉强表达了原文的意思。用词欠准确，语言错 误相当多，其中有些是严重语言错误。
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汉语 VS 英语 不同表达习惯
• 一、英语重结构，汉语重语义
• 二、英语多长句，汉语多短句
• 三、英语多从句，汉语多分句
• 四、主语，宾语等名词成分“英语多代词，
汉语多名词”
• 五、英语多被动，汉语多主动
• 六、英语多变化，汉语多重复
• 七、英语多抽象，汉语多4-6分 译文仅表达了一小部分原文的意思。用词不准确， 有相当多的严重语言错误。
1-3分 译文支离破碎。除个别词语或句子，绝大部分文字 没有表达原文意思。
0分
未作答，或只有几个孤立的词，或译文与原文毫不
相关。
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样卷
• Part IV Translation (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your
英汉结构差异
连接方式： • 汉语隐形，即连接词很少出现或不出现，这体现为
意合(parataxis); • 英语显性，即连接词出现，体现为形合(hypotaxis)
组句方式： • 汉语：动词多，短句多，常按时间顺序或前因后果
的逻辑关系排列，呈链状； • 英语：常按句内主次从属关系排列，在句子主体上

1.Do more practice, and you'll soon be skilled in it.1.多做些练习，不久你就会很熟练的。

As children get older, they become more and more interested in the things around them.2.随着年龄的增长，孩子们对他们周围的事物变得越来越感兴趣了。

Some people waste food while others don't have enough.3.有些人浪费粮食，然而有些人却吃不饱。

①Mr.Green dressed up as a policeman in dark glasses.4.格林先生装扮成一名戴墨镜的警察。

②The girl who is dressed in red is my daughter.5.那个穿红衣服的女孩是我的女儿。

③The man wearing a black jacket is dressing the boy.6.穿黑夹克衣服的人正在给那个男孩穿衣服。

①It wasn't until the programme came to an end that Jenney turned off the radio.7.一直到节目结束，珍妮才把收音机关闭了。

①You'd better hide your secrets from strangers.8.你最好对陌生人隐瞒你的秘密。

②I run swiftly up the stairs and hide behind my bed.9.我快速跑上楼，躲在我的床后。

①We should see failure as the way to success.10.我们应当把失败看作是通往成功的道路。

②After he had been in prison Peter was regarded as the black sheep of the family.11.彼得坐过牢之后，被看作是家庭中的不肖子孙。