下载文档原格式
一．定语从句定义及相关术语1.定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3.关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等。
关系词通常有下列三个作用：A.引导定语从句B.代替先行词,C.在定语从句中担当一个成分二．关系代词表格例如：（注意关系代词在定语从句中所充当的成分）① Do you know the professor who/that will give us a speech next week? （作主语）② I read a report about his new novel that/ which will soon be published. （作主语）③ The plan that/which they argued about was settled at last. （作宾语）④ This is the new secretary (who/whom/that) I would like to introduce to you. （作宾语）⑤ The soldier whose legs were badly wounded was operated on without delay. （作定语）三．6个关系代词的用法1）关系代词that和which的用法which, that 在代替物时，一般可以通用。
His father works in a factory that/which makes TV sets.The coat (which/that) I put on the desk is black.▲但在有些情况下，只用that1.先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词修饰时。
定语从句（Attributive Clauses）（一）定语从句的语法意义在复合句中，用一个由主谓结构的陈述句修饰某一个名词或代词的句子就叫定语从句。
被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；引导定语从句的词叫关系词（其作用一是放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，三是重复先行词的意义，故其数与先行词一致）。
（二）由关系词引导的定语从句关系词先行词从句成分例句关系代词who 人主语The boy who helped us is called Nick.whom 人宾语The girl (whom) I met looks like Lily.I know the actor to whom you just talked.that 人，物主语宾语A plane is a machine that can fly.I am not the fool (that) you thought me.which 物主语宾语This is a book which tells about Canada.The pen (which) you lent me is missing.whose 人，物定语This is the scientist whose name is known all over theworld.The room whose window is red is mine.关系副词when 时间状语Don’t forget the time when we met her.It happened on the day when I was out.where 地点This is the place where(=at/in which) we lived last year.I recently went to the town where(=in which) I was born. why 原因The reason why (=for which) he didn’t come was that hemissed his train.注意：1. whom及that, which 在从句中作宾语时，在口语和非正式问题中常可省略，但介词提前时，that 不能用，whom和which 也不能省略。
定语（一）定义及相关术语1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
定语从句用来修饰名词、代词或整个主句。
(定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、数词、分词、副词、不定式以及介词短语等来充当，也可以由一个句子来充当。
充当定语功能的句子称为定语从句。
定语从句在句中的作用相当于形容词，故又称为形容词性从句。
)2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等。
关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。
例如：特别提示：①关系词一般紧跟在先行词之后引导定语从句。
定语从句总在被修饰的先行词后面。
②在定语从句中，关系代词起着代词和连词的作用，关系副词起着副词和连词的作用。
③在定语从句中，关系词代替先行词，因此在定语从句中不能再重复作用相当于先行词的词。
下面的句子是错误的：This is the right book that you are looking for the book.(应去掉the book。
)This is the right book that you are looking for it.(应去掉it。
)（二）关系代词引导的定语从句1．who指人，在定语从句中作主语, 不可省略。
①The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩②Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. 想去博物馆的人③Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way.④That is the teacher who teaches us physics.2．whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。
1一、定语从句概述定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、数词、分词、副词、不定式以及介词短语 等来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任。
在句子中起定语作用的从句称为定语 从句。
定语从句在句中的作用相当于形容词，故又称为形容词性从句。
被定 语从句修饰的名词叫先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
二 关系词的用法。
关系词可分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系词指代先行词，放在先行词与 定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又充当定语从句中的某一种成分（主语、宾 语、状语等）。
引导定语从句的关系代词有"at ，who ，whom ，whose ，which;关系副词有 when ，where ，why 等。
关系词在句子中的指代作用及成分如下表 1.关系代词的用法(1) who, whom 的用法二者都用于指人。
who 在定语从句中作主语、宾语;whom 在定语从句中 作宾语。
在现代英语里，有时who 也可代替whom 在从句中作宾语。
作 宾语的关系代词who ，whom 可以省略(介词后作宾语的关系代词除外）。
She was the one who did most of the talking 。
大部分时间都是她在说话。
（作主语） The boy who I know studies best in his class.我认识的那个男孩在班上学习最好。
（作宾语）I happened to meet the professor (who/whom) I got to know at a party. 我碰巧遇见了那位在一次聚会上认识的教授。
（作宾语，whom 可用who 代替) whom 在从句中作介词的宾语，且介词提到whom 前面时，不能用who 代替。
Yesterday I came across a few friends with whom I went to the park .昨天 我碰见了几个朋友，我和他们一起去了公园。
《定语从句》讲义一、定语从句的定义和作用定语从句是一种在英语中非常常见且重要的语法结构。
它在句子中充当定语，用来修饰一个名词或代词，使其含义更加明确和丰富。
简单来说，定语从句就是一个句子，放在被修饰的名词或代词后面，起到描述和限定的作用。
通过定语从句，我们能够更详细、更准确地表达我们想要表达的意思。
比如，“The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting”（我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。
）在这个句子中，“that I bought yesterday”就是一个定语从句，用来修饰先行词“the book”，让我们清楚知道是哪一本书有趣。
二、定语从句的构成定语从句通常由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引导。
常见的关系代词有：that、which、who、whom、whose。
常见的关系副词有：when、where、why。
关系词在定语从句中不仅起到引导的作用，还在从句中充当一定的成分。
例如，在“The man who is standing there is my teacher”这个句子中，“who”是关系代词，在从句“who is standing there”中作主语。
三、关系代词的用法1、 that 和 whichthat 和 which 都可以用来指代物，但在一些情况下，只能用 that 不能用 which。
当先行词是不定代词（如 all、anything、nothing 等）、先行词被最高级、序数词修饰、先行词既有人又有物时，通常用 that 而不用 which。
例如：All that glitters is not gold（发光的未必都是金子。
）This is the first book that I have read（这是我读过的第一本书。
）The man and the horse that fell into the river were drowned（掉进河里的人和马都淹死了。
定语从句（一）基本概念1.由一个句子作定语，修饰句中一个名词或代词，有时也可以修饰整个句子或句中的部分内容，这样的从句就是定语从句，被其修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
2.关系词分为两大类，即关系代词和关系副词，其作用一是引出一个定语从句，二是代替其所修饰的先行词，三是在句中充当某个句子成分。
关系词的分类和基本用法（二）定语从句的注意点本部分的内容比较复杂，为便于考生一目了然，我们试图用表格的形式呈现给考生。
1.that与which, who, whom的用法区别2.as、which和that的区别3. where、when与why引导的定语从句4.“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句当关系代词作介词宾语，且该介词不是和从句的谓语动词构成固定短语时，介词可以提前，这样就出现“介词+关系代词”。
先行词指物，用“介词+which/whose”,指人则用“介词+whom/whose”, 且两个关系代词均不能省略。
介词的选择要遵循两个原则：5.定语从句与先行词被分割开来的现象定语从句一般紧接被它所修饰的先行词；但有时候它和先行词之间有可能插入其他成分，使它与先行词分隔开来，这种定语从句叫作被分隔的定语从句，在阅读文章时会经常遇到这种情况，在阅读是要注意识别先行词的修饰对象。
6.定语从句与其它从句（句型）的区别此外还要注意下列两点：▲定语从句与习惯句型用一个恰当的词完成下列句子，使之完整与正确。
①It is the first time _____ she has been in Shanghai．②It was the time _____ Chinese people had a hard life．解析：这里①小题是一个习惯句型，其结构为：It is／was the first／second ．．．time ＋that从句。
故①填that，其意为：这是她第一次在上海。
②小题the time是先行词，其后是表示时间的定语从句，故填when。
《定语从句》讲义一、什么是定语从句在英语语法中，定语从句是一种非常重要的句子结构。
简单来说，定语从句就是在一个句子中充当定语成分的从句。
它用来修饰、限定或说明先行词，即被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
例如：The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting （“that I bought yesterday”就是一个定语从句，修饰先行词“the book”）二、定语从句的构成定语从句通常由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引导。
关系代词有：that、which、who、whom、whose 等。
关系副词有：when、where、why 等。
关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分；关系副词在定语从句中充当状语。
三、关系代词的用法1、 that 既可以指人，也可以指物，在定语从句中可以作主语、宾语。
例如：The man that is standing there is my teacher （that 作主语，指人）The book that I bought is very useful （that 作宾语，指物）2、 which 指物，在定语从句中可以作主语、宾语。
例如：The house which was built last year is very beautiful （which 作主语）The pen which you gave me is very nice （which 作宾语）3、 who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。
例如：The girl who is singing is my sister （who 作主语）4、 whom 指人，在定语从句中作宾语。
例如：The man whom I met yesterday is very kind （whom 作宾语）5、 whose 表示“……的”，在定语从句中作定语。
例如：The boy whose father is a doctor studies very hard （whose 作定语，修饰“father”）四、关系副词的用法1、 when 表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。
《定语从句》讲义一、什么是定语从句在英语语法中，定语从句是一种非常重要的从句类型。
它就像是一个精准的描述工具，能够让我们对名词或代词进行更详细、更丰富的描述。
比如说，“The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting” （我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。
）在这个句子中，“that I bought yesterday”就是一个定语从句，它用来修饰先行词“the book”，让我们更加清楚地知道是哪一本书。
定语从句通常紧跟在先行词之后，由关系词引导。
关系词在定语从句中充当一定的成分，比如主语、宾语、定语等。
二、定语从句的构成定语从句由先行词、关系词和从句三部分组成。
先行词就是被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
比如上面例子中的“the book”就是先行词。
关系词则分为关系代词和关系副词。
常见的关系代词有that、which、who、whom、whose 等；常见的关系副词有 when、where、why 等。
从句则是对先行词进行补充说明或限制的部分。
三、关系代词的用法1、 that 既可以指人，也可以指物，在从句中可以作主语、宾语或表语。
例如：“The man that is standing there is my teacher” （站在那里的那个人是我的老师。
）这里的“that”在从句中作主语。
2、 which 一般指物，在从句中作主语、宾语。
比如：“The book which I bought is very useful” （我买的那本书非常有用。
）“which”在从句中作宾语。
3、 who 指人，在从句中作主语、宾语。
像：“The girl who is singing is my sister” （正在唱歌的那个女孩是我妹妹。
）“who”在从句中作主语。
4、 whom 指人，在从句中作宾语。
例如：“The man whom you met yesterday is my father” （你昨天见到的那个人是我父亲。
定语从句讲解(完整版)定语从句是一种常见的语法结构，用于对名词或代词进行修饰和限定。
在英语中，定语从句的使用可以使句子更加丰富和准确。
下面，我将为您详细讲解定语从句的构成、用法和注意事项。
一、定语从句的构成定语从句由引导词、关系词和从句组成。
引导词通常是先行词，即被修饰的名词或代词；关系词用于引导定语从句，并将先行词与从句连接起来；从句则是对先行词进行修饰和限定的部分。
1. 引导词：先行词通常是名词或代词，它可以是主语、宾语或表语。
例如：The book that you gave me is very interesting.（你给我的那本书很有趣。
）The man who is talking to the teacher is my father.（正在和老师交谈的那个人是我的父亲。
）2. 关系词：关系词用于引导定语从句，并将先行词与从句连接起来。
关系词有who、which、that、whom、whose等。
例如： The book that you gave me is very interesting.（你给我的那本书很有趣。
）The man who is talking to the teacher is my father.（正在和老师交谈的那个人是我的父亲。
）3. 从句：从句是对先行词进行修饰和限定的部分。
从句中通常包含主语、谓语和宾语等成分。
例如：那本书很有趣。
）The man who is talking to the teacher is my father.（正在和老师交谈的那个人是我的父亲。
）二、定语从句的用法1. 限定性定语从句：限定性定语从句对先行词起到限定作用，即只有满足定语从句条件的名词或代词才是先行词的准确含义。
限定性定语从句通常紧跟在先行词之后，且不能用逗号与主句隔开。
例如： The book that you gave me is very interesting.（你给我的那本书很有趣。
定语从句（讲义）大英县育才中学英语教研组何瑞志一、定语从句的意义1、定语：修饰作主语或宾语的名词、代词的句子成分，通常可以由形容词、数词、（物主）代词、分词、副词、不定式以及介词短语来充当；通常是单个的词作定语放在被修饰词前面；形容词修饰复合不定代词，介词短语，不定式、分词（短语），else,(enough),blow,above等放在被修饰词后面。
eg；1.Yangyang is a good girl. （good 作 girl 的定语，放在girl 前面。
）2.There are 70 students in our class. （70 作 students 的定语，放students 的前面。
）3.There is a tree growing against the wall.（ growing against the wall 作tree 的定语，放在tree 有后面。
）4.The book on the table is mine. （on the table 作 book 有定语，放在book 的后面。
）5.The headmaster told us something important at the meeting.（important 作something 的定语，放something 的后面。
）6.Give me something to eat. （to eat 作 something 的定语，放 something 的后面。
）2.定语从句：用一个句子来修饰名词或代词，或补充说明主句的一部分或整个句子，这个用来修饰说明名词或代词的放在名词或代词后面的句子就叫定语从句。
也称形容词性从句。
eg: The man who is talking with my father is our headteacher.（who is talking with my father是修饰the man 的定语从句）。
一．定语从句定义及相关术语1.定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
2.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3.关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等。
关系词通常有下列三个作用：A.引导定语从句B.代替先行词,C.在定语从句中担当一个成分二．关系代词表格例如：（注意关系代词在定语从句中所充当的成分）① Do you know the professor who/that will give us a speech next week? （作主语）② I read a report about his new novel that/ which will soon be published. （作主语）③ The plan that/which they argued about was settled at last. （作宾语）④ This is the new secretary (who/whom/that) I would like to introduce to you. （作宾语）⑤ The soldier whose legs were badly wounded was operated on without delay. （作定语）三．6个关系代词的用法1）关系代词that和which的用法which, that 在代替物时，一般可以通用。
His father works in a factory that/which makes TV sets.The coat (which/that) I put on the desk is black.▲但在有些情况下，只用that1.先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词修饰时。
① This is the best way that has been used against pollution.② English is the most difficult subject that you will learn during these years.2.先行词是序数词，或它前面有一个序数词时。
① This is the last place (that) I want to visit.② It is the first American movie of this kind that I’ve ever seen.3.先行词是all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none,any, few, little, no, all, much, every等不定代词时。
① You should hand in all that you have.② We haven’t got much that we can o ffer you.③The little money (that) he had was stolen.4.先行词前面有the only, the very,等修饰时。
The only thing that we can do is to give you some money.5.先行词既有人又有物时。
Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?6.主句已有疑问词which时。
避免重复使用Which is the bike that you lost?7.that 在定语从句中作表语Mary is no longer the girl that she used to be.▲不用that的情况①引导非限定性定语从句时。
例如：He takes exercise everyday, which has done a lot of good to his health.②介词后不能用。
We depend on the land from which we get our food.▲有些情况只用which①引导非限定性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子。
Bruce went towards the fire, which was still smoking.Tom came back late, which made his parents very angry.②关系代词作介词的宾语。
This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.2）关系代词who和whom的用法who指人，在句中作主语和宾语，作宾语可省略。
Whom指人，在句中只能作宾语，可省略，但在介词后面不能省略。
She has a brother who worked at that factory ten years ago.The doctor who/whom/that /x she went to the United States with last month is very famous. =The doctor with whom she went to the United States last month is very famous.3）关系代词whose的用法⑴ whose是代词的所有格，它既可以代人也可以代物。
① I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.② Please show me the book whose cover is red.⑵当whose表示物与物的所有格关系时，亦可用of which的形式。
① The building whose roof you can see from here is a new restaurant.→ The building, the roof of which you can see from here, is a new restaurant.或→ The building, of which the roof you can see from he re is a new restaurant.4）关系代词as的用法先行词前有such、the same时关系代词用asI’ve never heard such stories as he tells.He is not such a fool as he looks.This is the same dictionary as I lost last week.5）关系副词的用法含义相当于\"介词+ which\"结构，因此常常和\"介词+ which\"结构交替使用关系副词引导的定语从句① when 指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。
I still remember the day when I first came to this school.The time when we got together finally arrived.② where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。
Shanghai is the city where I was born.The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.③why 指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。
Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.when=on which where=in which reason=for whichThe day when /on which I met him first was May 1st.This is the house where/in which I lived two years ago.I don’t know the reason why /for which he didn’t come..并非先行词表示时间或地点时都分别用when或where来引导相应的定语从句，若关系词在修饰表示时间或地点的先行词的定语从句中充当主语、宾语等而不是状语时，需用which或that引导相应的定语从句。
Do you still remember the days which/that we spent together in school? 先行词the days表时间，但是其定语从句的引导词在定语从句中作宾语而不是状语，因此不能用when而应该用which或that。
This is the day when I joined the party/which he spent reading the books/which I still never forget. This is the place where I found the book./ which we once visited/which I will never forget/which I am looking forThis is the reason why he was late /that he gave at the meeting for his being late.④.以the way为先行词的限制性定语从句通常由in which或that引导，而且通常可以省略。
The way (that / in which ) he answered the questions was surprising.I don’t like the way (that / in which) you laugh at her.四．介词+关系代词关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。
介词+which（指事）介词+whom（指人）①The school (which / that) he once studied in is very famous.The school in which he once studied is very famous.②Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine (which / that) you asked for.Tomorrow I’ll bring here the magazine for which you asked.③This is the boy (whom / who / that) I played tennis with yesterday.This is the boy with whom I played tennis with yesterday.④We’ll go to hear the famous singer (whom / who / that) we have often talked about.We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.⑤The boss whose company I work in pays much attention to improving our working conditions. The boss in whose company I work pays much attention to improving our working conditions. 若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who, that；关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用that。
