company background

Unit 3 Organization and Culture of a CompanyBackground1.Corporate cultureHumans are social beings. This is how ideas and beliefs spread. In anideal culture, people do the right thing, even when no one’s looking. Not because they’ll be punished or rewarded but because it’s the culturally accepted thing to do.Bottom-line advantages of a strong corporate culture include:Motivation.Low employee turnover/ reduced payroll cost.Attendance.Productivity.Creative/ independent problem solving.Ethics.Personal accountability.Enterprise value.2. Different departments in a companyHR Department人力资源部R&D Department 研发部PR Department 公关部Marketing Department 市场部Finance Department 财务部Quality Control Department 质管部Sales Department 销售部Customer Service Department 客服部Logistics Department 后勤部Purchasing Department 采购部Production Department 生产部Legal Affair Department 法务部IT Department 信息技术部Network Operational Department 网络运营部Administration Department 行政部Suggested teaching planItems Objectives Suggested Time Getting Ready To learn the different departments in acompany and their basic functions.10 min.Text A To get a general idea about Google’sorganization cultureTo master the important expressions andstructures in the text and be able toapply them in practice80 min.Language Focus To have a good command of the core vocabulary and structures in Text A45 min.To learn to use possessivesText B To have an overview of what motivates youat work and get some inspiration45 min.Vocational Focus To learn some basic information about company o rganization and the features ofeach departmentTo learn how to introduce a department toothers90 min.Skill Focus —Listening and Speaking To learn the differences between somesimilar sounds in EnglishTo learn to express company rulesTo practice speaking skills45 min.Skill Focus —Practical Writing To learn how to describe people, usingpossessives40 min.Practical Learning To get familiar with different jobs indifferent departments5 min.Getting Ready 1. Have the students think about the questions—What departments do you know in a company? What are theirbasic functions? Give some h ints if necessary. (2 min.)2. Have the students complete the sentences according totheir understanding. (4 min.)3. Have the students listen to the recording and checktheir answers. (4 min.)Listening Scripts of Getting Ready1. The Sales Department sells the products.2. The Production Department manufactures the product.3. The IT Department is in charge of the computer systems.4. The Market Research Department finds out what peoplewill buy.5. The Customer Service Department deals with questionsandcomplaints.6. The R&D Department researches and develops newproducts.7. The Logistics Department stores and delivers theproducts.8. The PR Department is responsible for the image of thecompany.9. The Marketing Department advertises the products.10. The Quality Control Department checks whether theproducts are good or not.11. The Finance Department deals with money.12. The Purchasing Department buys materials andequipment.13. The HR Department is responsible for employing newpeople and training the staff.14. The Import Department buys goods from other countries.15. The Export Department sells products to foreigncountries.Key to Getting Ready1.Sales2.Production3.IT4.MarketResearch5.Customer Service6.R&D7.Logistics8.PR9.Marketing 10.Quality Control 11.Finance12.Purchasing 13.HR 14.Import 15. ExportText A 1.Have the students first listen to the recording of thenew words and expressions, and then have them read themaloud and get familiar with their meanings. (10 min.)2. Have the students listen to the recording of the text,and read the text more carefully and do the exercise in“Understanding your reading”. (25 min.)3. Have the students check their answers with each otherand then ask some students to give their final answer.(10 min.)4. Ensure the students have a deep understanding of thetext by explaining the language points. If time permits,have the students practice using them by composing newsentences. (25 min.)5. After an in-depth reading of the text, have the studentswork in groups to summarize the secret of Google’scorporate culture. (10 min.)Key to Text A Exercise1. F2. T3. T4. F5. FLanguage Points Paragraph 11 .in a row连续，接连This is her third win in a row. 这是她连续获得的第三次胜利。

介绍一家中国企业英语作文A Glimpse into a Prominent Chinese EnterpriseIntroduction:In the dynamic business landscape of China, numerous enterprises have emerged and thrived. Today, I would liketo introduce a noteworthy Chinese firm that has gained international recognition for its innovative approach and commitment to excellence - ABC Company.Company Background:ABC Company was founded in 1990 in the bustling city of Shanghai, China. The company's early focus was on manufacturing electrical appliances for the domestic market. However, due to its proactive management strategies and dedication to quality, it soon expanded its operations and diversified into other areas.Product Range:ABC Company boasts an extensive array of products thatcater to diverse consumer needs. From cutting-edge smartphones and tablets to home appliances likerefrigerators and washing machines, they consistentlydeliver innovative solutions. Furthermore, they have also broadened their scope by venturing into emerging markets such as artificial intelligence technology.Corporate Culture:At ABC Company, a deep-rooted culture of innovation prevails. The company nurtures a work environment that encourages employees to think outside the box and push boundaries. They invest heavily in research and development, attracting some of the brightest minds in the industry.This emphasis on creativity has played a pivotal role in their success both domestically and internationally.Sustainability Initiatives:One aspect that sets ABC Company apart from itscounterparts is its strong commitment to environmentalsustainability. Recognizing the urgent need for eco-friendly practices, they have implemented variousinitiatives throughout their operations. From energy-efficient manufacturing processes to waste reduction strategies, they constantly strive to minimize their ecological footprint while maintaining financial prosperity.Global Reach:Despite being rooted in China, ABC Company has rapidly expanded its presence globally. They have established strategic partnerships with leading international companies which facilitate access to new markets around the world. Through these collaborations, they have successfully localized their products while retaining their core values.Social Responsibility:ABC Company believes in giving back to society and plays an active role in philanthropy. They have initiated several community-driven programs aimed at promoting education and fostering sustainable economic development. By investing inthe communities where they operate, they strive to create a more inclusive and prosperous society.Conclusion:In conclusion, ABC Company's rise to prominence within the Chinese business landscape is attributed to its unwavering passion for innovation, commitment to sustainability, and social responsibility. Through their diverse product range and global reach, they continue to shape the industry while striving for excellence. As China's economy evolves, ABC Company stands as a shining example of Chinese enterprise success on both domestic and international stages.。

初级新编剑桥商务英语第三版听力原文全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Title: Original Listening Text from Cambridge English for Business 3rd EditionUnit 1: Introducing the BusinessPart 1: Company BackgroundNarrator: Welcome to the first unit of Cambridge English for Business 3rd Edition. In this unit, we will be introducing the concept of a business and discussing the background of a company. Let's listen to a conversation between two colleagues, Mike and Sarah, as they discuss their company's history.Mike: So Sarah, can you tell me a bit about the background of our company?Sarah: Sure, our company was established in 1998 by a group of entrepreneurs who saw a gap in the market for innovative technology solutions. Since then, we have grown to become a global leader in the IT industry.Mike: That's impressive. What are some of the key milestones in our company's history?Sarah: Well, in 2005, we launched our flagship product, which revolutionized the way businesses handle data storage. And in 2010, we expanded into new markets in Asia and Europe, further solidifying our presence in the industry.Mike: It sounds like our company has come a long way since its inception. What sets us apart from our competitors?Sarah: I think it's our commitment to innovation and excellence. We are constantly striving to stay ahead of the curve and deliver cutting-edge solutions to our clients. This has helped us build a strong reputation in the market.Narrator: Thank you for listening to this conversation on company background. In the next part, we will discuss the importance of market research in business. Stay tuned!Part 2: Market ResearchNarrator: In this part, we will explore the concept of market research and how it can benefit businesses. Let's listen to a discussion between two marketing executives, Jane and Tom, as they talk about the importance of conducting market research.Jane: Tom, why do you think market research is essential for businesses?Tom: Well, market research provides valuable insights into consumer preferences, market trends, and competitor strategies. By understanding the needs and wants of their target audience, businesses can tailor their products and services to meet customer demand effectively.Jane: That makes sense. How can market research help businesses make informed decisions?Tom: Market research allows businesses to gather data on consumer behavior, competitor performance, and market conditions. This information can help businesses identify new opportunities, anticipate market trends, and make strategic decisions that will drive growth and profitability.Jane: It sounds like market research can be a powerful tool for businesses. How can small businesses benefit from market research?Tom: Even small businesses can benefit from market research by gaining a deeper understanding of their target market, identifying niche opportunities, and assessing thecompetitive landscape. This can help them make informed decisions and compete effectively in the market.Narrator: Thank you for listening to this discussion on market research. In the next unit, we will explore the role of communication in business. Stay tuned!End of Unit 1This is just a sample of the original listening text from Cambridge English for Business 3rd Edition. The full version of the textbook contains a wide range of listening materials that cover various business topics in depth. We hope you found this sample text helpful in improving your listening skills and understanding of business concepts. Thank you for listening!篇2Cambridge English for Business is a series of self-study or classroom courses for professional English learners. The series is designed to improve communication skills and provide a strong foundation in the language for work-related purposes. The third edition of Cambridge English for Business offers updated content and a variety of activities to help learners engage with the material.One key component of the Cambridge English for Business series is the listening section. Listening is a crucial skill for effective communication in the business world, as it allows professionals to understand instructions, conversations, and presentations. The listening section in the third edition of the series is designed to expose learners to a range of accents and speech patterns, helping them become more comfortable with understanding English spoken in different ways.Each unit in the Cambridge English for Business series includes a listening task that focuses on a specific aspect of business communication. For example, learners may listen to a simulated business meeting, a customer service call, or a presentation. The materials are authentic and relevant toreal-world business situations, providing learners with valuable exposure to business English in context.In addition to listening practice, the Cambridge English for Business series also includes activities to help learners develop their listening skills. These activities may include pre-listening tasks to set the context, comprehension questions to check understanding, and post-listening activities to reinforce learning. Learners have the opportunity to practice listening for gist,specific information, and detail, as well as to improve their ability to identify key points in a conversation or presentation.Overall, the listening section in the third edition of Cambridge English for Business is a valuable resource for professionals looking to improve their listening skills in a business context. With a focus on authentic materials, relevant content, and varied activities, the series provides learners with the tools they need to succeed in the global business environment.篇3Cambridge English for Business第三版是一套专门设计用于商务英语听力训练的教材。

ISO14001-2004环境手册ISO14001-2004 Environmental Manual1. Company BackgroundDXC was established in November 1996. The company is one of the largest magnetic products manufacturers in the world supplying magnets, magnetic material and assemblies into Automotive, Consumer and Industrial products, Medical applications, Military& Aerospace, Reprographic systems, Security systems& Telecommunications. The manufacturing plant adopts lean production method anda 6-Sigma quality control system, the company obtained the ISO9001:2008certification on Mar of 2003 , the ISO/TS 16949:2009 certification on Oct of 2006 and ISO14001:2004 certificate in Jan of 2008.Our Research & Development center is established in USA and Sales & Marketing is set in Hong Kong.Company Location2. Scope of the Environmental Management System2.1 Scope2.1.1 This environmental manual provides a general framework for theenvironmental management system corresponding to all activities,products and services of Manufacture of soft magnetic powder cores,samarium cobalt permanent magnets and precision mechanical andelectrical assemblies for the reprographics industry of DXC so as toimprove environmental management, protect environment, preventpollution and achieve continual improvement.2.1.2 The environmental management system applies to:2.2 Environmental Policy and Environmental Objectives2.2.1 The following Environmental Policy is reviewed and endorsed by the topmanagement of DXC.Environmental Policy StatementDXC is committed to leadership in the production of soft magnetic powdercores, including excellence in environmental management.To achieve and maintain this objective of excellence in environmentalmanagement within the soft magnetic powder core industry, it is DXC’senvironmental policy that:Protecting the Environment Today To Ensure TomorrowWe can understand it from the following:Environmental Performance•DXC will establish goals and targets for environmental performance, and will implement measures intended to achieve these goals and targets.•DXC will periodically conduct a comprehensive assessment of the nature and scale of environmental concerns related to its business.•DXC believes that effective environmental management is closely linked with efficient business practices, and will continue to place a high priority on improved environmental management practices that are also efficient business practices.Regulatory Compliance•DXC will make all efforts to be aware of, and to comply with, relevant world wide environmental legislation.Employee Awareness。

公司简介英语作文Title: Introduction to Our Company。

Introduction:Welcome to our company! We are excited to provide you with an overview of who we are, what we do, and our mission and values.Company Background:Our company was founded in [year] with a vision to [briefly describe the founding vision or purpose]. Since then, we have grown steadily, expanding our operations and establishing ourselves as a leader in [industry/sector]. With a focus on innovation, quality, and customer satisfaction, we have built a reputation for excellence in the market.Our Products/Services:At our company, we specialize in [briefly describe your main products or services]. Whether it's [specificproduct/service], [another specific product/service], or [another specific product/service], we strive to meet the diverse needs of our customers. Our products/services are known for their reliability, performance, and value, making them the preferred choice for [target audience].Key Features:1. Innovation: We are committed to continuous innovation, leveraging the latest technologies and trendsto develop cutting-edge products/services that anticipate and exceed market demands.2. Quality: Quality is at the heart of everything we do. From design and manufacturing to customer support, we maintain the highest standards to ensure the satisfaction and loyalty of our customers.3. Customer Focus: Our customers are our top priority.We listen to their feedback, understand their needs, and tailor our solutions to deliver maximum value and satisfaction.4. Sustainability: We are dedicated to environmental sustainability and social responsibility. Through responsible business practices and eco-friendly initiatives, we strive to minimize our environmental footprint and contribute to the well-being of society.Mission Statement:Our mission is to [state your company's mission in a concise and impactful manner, focusing on its core purpose and values].Core Values:1. Integrity: We conduct our business with honesty, transparency, and ethical integrity.2. Excellence: We pursue excellence in everything we do,striving to exceed expectations and deliver superior results.3. Collaboration: We foster a culture of collaboration, teamwork, and mutual respect, recognizing that our collective efforts drive our success.4. Innovation: We embrace innovation as a catalyst for growth and adaptation, constantly seeking new ideas and opportunities to improve and evolve.5. Social Responsibility: We are committed to making a positive impact on society, supporting community development, and promoting diversity, equality, and inclusion.Conclusion:Thank you for taking the time to learn about our company. We are proud of our accomplishments and excited about the future opportunities that lie ahead. Whether you are a customer, partner, or potential employee, we lookforward to the possibility of collaborating with you and achieving shared success.。

用英语介绍企业的英文作文Title: Introduction to a Business。

Introduction:In today's dynamic business environment, the success of any enterprise hinges on its ability to adapt, innovate, and deliver value to its stakeholders. One such enterprise that epitomizes these qualities is [Company Name]. Established in [Year], [Company Name] has steadily grown to become a prominent player in [Industry/Market]. This essay aims to provide an insightful overview of [Company Name], highlighting its core values, business model, key achievements, and future prospects.Company Background:[Company Name] was founded with a vision to [Mission or Vision Statement]. Since its inception, the company has remained committed to [Core Value 1], [Core Value 2], and[Core Value 3]. With a strong emphasis on [Specific Industry/Market], [Company Name] has carved a niche for itself through its relentless pursuit of excellence and customer-centric approach.Business Model:At the heart of [Company Name]'s success lies its robust business model, which revolves around [Business Model Description]. By leveraging [Key Strengths], [Company Name] has been able to capitalize on emerging opportunities and mitigate potential risks. The company's strategic alliances with [Partnerships] have further bolstered its market position and enabled it to offer a diverse range of products/services to its clientele.Key Achievements:Over the years, [Company Name] has achieved significant milestones, including [Achievement 1], [Achievement 2], and [Achievement 3]. These accomplishments underscore the company's ability to deliver value and stay ahead of thecompetition. Moreover, [Company Name]'s unwavering commitment to sustainability and corporate social responsibility has earned it accolades from industry peers and regulatory bodies alike.Future Prospects:Looking ahead, [Company Name] is poised for continued growth and expansion. With a focus on [FuturePlans/Objectives], the company aims to [Future Goal 1], [Future Goal 2], and [Future Goal 3]. By harnessing the power of innovation and technology, [Company Name] seeks to remain at the forefront of [Industry/Market] and drive positive change in the global business landscape.Conclusion:In conclusion, [Company Name] stands as a testament to the power of vision, perseverance, and adaptability. Through its unwavering commitment to excellence and customer satisfaction, the company has established itself as a trusted partner for its stakeholders. As it embarks onthe next phase of its journey, [Company Name] remains steadfast in its pursuit of greatness, poised to shape the future of [Industry/Market].。

Sport ObermeyerSupply Chain ManagementMGT 690June 5, 20102Company Background•Sport Obermeyer designs and merchandises high-end skiwear from its Aspen, Colorado headquarters.•The products are sold in U.S. department stores and specialty ski shops.•Although it has a global supply network, most production is done in Hong Kong and China by its partner, Obersport.3Obersport•Established in 1985.•It is a joint venture between SportObermeyer and a Hong Kong based partner.•Obersport handles the raw materials and production for all of Sport Obermeyer’s production in the Far East.•Production is done in independentsubcontractors located in Hong Kong and China.4The Supply ChainLining Fabric Shell Fabric Insulation Materials Snaps Zippers OthersCut/SewDistribution CenterRetailersTextile Suppliers Obermeyer Obersport Retailers5Planning Cycle•Design begins in February of the year before the garments will appear in stores.•As soon as designs are finalized, samples are produced and shown to retailers during the Las Vegas show. The show is usually held in March.•Concurrently, materials and components are ordered for the initial production order. •Usually receive 80% of the annual order volume the week after Las Vegas show.6Planning Cycle Cont.•During June and July the garments are transported to Obermeyer’s Denverwarehouse. This takes approximately six weeks.•Around the end of August, Obermeyer ships orders to retailers.•Products go on sale during September. Peak times are December through January.7Time Line(See Table 2-14, p. 68)8Production Planning•Annual production is approximately 200,000 units.•Maximum production capacity available for cutting and sewing is 30,000 units a month.•The minimum production quantity per style in China is 1200 units and Hong Kong is 600 units.•Estimates that earnings are 24% of wholesale price for each unit sold and losses from discounted units are 8% of wholesale price.9Production Planning10 Styles of Women’s Parkas(See Table 2-20, page 75)•How should Wally think about how much of each style he should order in November?10What makes it difficult for Sport Obermeyer to manage its supply chain?•Long lead times high inventory–Global supply chain (distance / time)•Early commitment •Large lot sizes •Short life cycle •Uncertain demand–Perishable product: one season –Historic data useless –Late demand signal•Limited capacity11How many units of each style Obermeyer should order during the initial phase of production? (use the sample data in Table 2-20). [Note: no minimum quantities]•Class responses varied significantly–Focus on reducing risk –Gail: 500, 629, 1017–Assalut: 1300, 1845, 2525–Daphne: 1150, 989, 2300•Most generally agreed that orders should be placed for styles with the lowest variability and cost (lowest risk)12Speculative v ReactiveCapacityInitial Forecast Las Vegas OrdersSpeculative Production CapacityReactive ProductionCapacity13Which Units are Lowest Risk?•Highest demand–More likely that unit will sell•Less variable (lower σ/µ)•Less expensive–Lower overage costs–In speculative capacity, you are worried about being over –being under not a problem, because you can always use reactive capacity14Production Planning•Use a risk-based production sequencing strategy:–Produce the least risky items during the first production period using speculative production capacity . That is capacity employed prior toobserving additional indicators of market demand.–After observing retailer demand in Las Vegas, Wally should update demand forecasts for the remaining units and produce those with the greatest expected return during the second production period using reactive production capacity .15How Should We MeasureRisk?•In the first production period, we are primarily concerned with markdown risk:–If we under-produce during the initial production period, we have a second production opportunity.•What is the relationship between risk and –Product price–Demand uncertainty –Expected demand16Production PlanningNo Minimum Order Quantities•If all styles have the same wholesale price, an effective strategy is to produce up to the same demand percentile for each style.–Why?•That is, for style i make•In this case, the strategy takes into account demand uncertainty and expected demand .•Find the best k so that total production is no more than 10,000 units.i i k σµ−17Production PlanningNo Minimum Order Quantities18Production PlanningWith Minimum Order Quantities•Ranking products by risk is complicated significantly when imposing minimum order size constraints. Why?•Ideally, we would like to make a specific quantity of a style and then “finely tune” the supply of that style by making a few or many units during the second period when market information is available.•However, in each production period, large production minimums force us to make either many units of a given style or none.•Thus, our ability to finely tune the supply of each product is diminished by imposing large minimum order quantities.19Production PlanningWith Minimum Order Quantities•Consider the following styles:–Anita (Avg= 3296, Std Dev=2094, CV= 0.65)–Gail (Avg= 1017, Std Dev= 388, CV= 0.38)•If only one production run is allowed, which should Sport Obermeyer produce first?–Without minimum order quantity, Sport Obermeyer should produce Gail before Anita–With minimum order quantity of 1200 units, Sport Obermeyer should produce Anita before Gail20Effect of Minimum Order Quantity onStockout and Markdown Costs21Does your answer change if all ten styles in the sampleare made in Hong Kong?•Hong Kong requires lower order quantities•More flexibility in ordering higher risk styles (i.e. those with lower forecasted demand or higher cost)•Higher overall costs2223What operational changes would you recommend toWally to improve performance (and lower risk)?•Reduce lead times–Computerize processes–Reduce minimum production lot-sizes–Do not commit initial production orders to unproven factory (rework, ramp-up)–Look for subcontractors who can delivery at a faster rate to fill in gaps –Use standardized products24Effect of Minimum Order Quantity onStockout and Markdown Costs25How should Obermeyer management think aboutsourcing in Hong Kong versus China in the short-term?China •Lower overall costs •Better for lower risk designs Hong Kong •Shorter production time •Smaller orders better for initial forecast•Better for higher risk designs26How should Obermeyer management think aboutsourcing in Hong Kong versus China in the long-term?Hong Kong•Higher quality products•Low unemployment means higher wagesChina•Unstable political environment •Import quotas •Higher minimum order quantities •Work to increase efficiency/skills27If Wally wants to improve his ability to produce what the market wants, which constraints should he address?•U.S. government import quotas •Long lead times …reduce–Materials –Products•Large minimum order quantities •Short product life cycle (1 year)•Long planning cycle (2 years)…reduce•Early ordering commitment (without actual demand data)…reduce •Limited capacity28Reactive Capacity: Effect on Costs29Increasing Reactive Capacity–How can we increase reactive capacity?•Increase total capacity.»How? What can be done with the excess?•Increase the number of working hours.»What are the dangers of this approach?•Use more subcontractor capacity during the peak season.–How does this impact in-house capacity?•Decrease manufacturing lead time.•Decrease raw material lead time.»How?•Obtain market information earlier.»How?Increasing Reactive CapacityNew Info / 2prod’n orderAdditional Reactive capacityBase caseMaterial LTProd’n LTProd’n OrderOriginal Reactive capacitySpeculative production capacity32What recommendations would youmake to Wally?•Develop improved forecasting technique •Collect/use POS data•Seek out partnerships to facilitate shorter lead times for raw materials•Work on better integration of supply chain–Try to reduce the number of vendors for greige fabric and other materials•Work with Chinese facilities to reduce minimum orders and improve worker skills33Accurate Response•Develop a probabilistic forecast•Assess markdown and stockout costs •Determine appropriate production quantities–Produce lower risk items early•Evaluate early demand indicators •Update forecast demand•Determine final production quantities34Strategies for AccurateResponse•Reduce minimum order sizes •Increase reactive capacity–Lead time reduction–Early market intelligence35Other Coordination Issues toThink About•What business is Sport Obermeyer in?–What must management be good at?•What business is Obersport in?–What must management be good at? –What services does it provide Sport Obermeyer?–Could Sport Obermeyer deal directly with the factories in Lo Village?How Obermeyer Responded37Obermeyer’s First Response•Operational Changes–Slashed time for order processing and computing rawmaterial requirements by introducingcomputerized systems –Pre-positioned raw materials in Far East –Began using air freight as delivery due dates approached•Early Write Program–Invited 25 largest retail customers to Aspen for sneak preview ofupcoming line in order to solicit early orders –Since 1990 theseorders have resulted in 20% of Obermeyer’s total sales38Results of First ResponseReduced delivery lead times by more than a monthGained important early demand information •But was it enough?No–about half of production still based on forecastsTrack record not particularly good39Additional Changes•Kept raw materials and production capacity undifferentiated as long as possible•Booked production capacity well in advance without specifying exact styles until later (assumed risk of supplying raw materials to factories)•Merged design and production departments to broaden strategy•Encouraged designers to use same types of raw materials•Recorded orders for out of stock products40Did it pay off? Obermeyer ResultsBeforeAccurate ResponseAfterAccurate ResponseTotal production (units)121,432124,805Over-production (units)25,09422,036Under-production (units)7,493792Over-production as % of sales 1.74% 1.30%Under-production of % of sales 1.56%0.18%Total cost as % of sales3.30%1.48%41Obermeyer Results (cont.)•Improved profits by 50% by reducing inventory costs to 1.48% of sales (from 3.3% of sales) -Profit margins in industry around 3% of sales•No. 1 customer rating.Obermeyer 2.94Bogner2.88White Stage 2.82Helly Hansen 2.80Nordica 2.63Marker 2.56North Face 2.55Columbia 2.52Descente 2.48Roffe 2.40Couloir 2.37……Head1.74Dealer Confidence IndexApparel, 1/94Sports Research Inc.42Summary•Intelligent forecast process:–obtain early signal;–forecast uncertainty as input to production planning;–forecast update.•Power of risk-based production planning.•Use inventory to establish de-coupling point in supply chain (e.g., stock of raw materials in HK).•Material commonality to improve flexibility.•Coordinated demand and supply roles.。