研究生入学考试英语翻译详解

2013年研究生入学考试英语一翻译试题详解46. Directions: Translate the following text from English to Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET2. (10 points)It is speculated that gardens arise from a basic need in the individuals who made them: the need for creative expression. There is no doubt that gardens evidence an impossible urge to create, express, fashion, and beautify and thatself-expression is a basic human urge; (46) Yet when one looks at the photographs of the garden created by the homeless, it strikes one that , for all their diversity of styles, these gardens speak of various other fundamental urges, beyond that of decoration and creative expression。

One of these urges had to do with creating a state of peace in the midst of turbulence, a “still point of the turning world,” to borrow a phrase from T. S. Eliot. (47)A sacred place of peace, however crude it may be, is a distinctly human need, as opposed to shelter, which is a distinctly animal need. This distinction is so much so that where the latter is lacking, as it is for these unlikely gardens, the former becomes all the more urgent. Composure is a state of mind made possible by the structuring of one’s relation to one’s environment. (48) The gardens of the homeless which are in effect homeless gardens introduce form into an urban environment where it either didn’t exist or was not discernible as such. In so doing they give composure to a segment of the inarticulate environment in which they take their stand。

2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案Section I Use of English1-5 ACBAD 6-10 ADCDC11-15 DBBCB 16-20 CABADSection II Reading Comprehension21-25 ACDDC 26-30 BAB C D31-35 DCDCA 36-40 CACBD41-45 FEACGPart C English-Chinese Translation46. 但尽管说英语的人数在进一步扩大，仍有迹象表明，英语的全球优势地位在不久的将来会逐渐减弱。

47. 有些人可能认为英语的全球地位很稳定，英国年轻人不需要额外的语言能力。

大卫的分析因此会结束这些人的自满情绪。

48. 很多国家正把英语纳入小学课程，但是似乎并没有人给予英国的学童和学生更大的鼓励，让他们能去熟练地掌握其他语言。

49. 英语的一些机构负责向其他国家的人民和广泛的教育行业提供语言服务，大卫·格兰多指出的这些变化都给这些机构带来了明确而重大的挑战。

50. 预测到需求可能产生变化，给这些组织奠定了基础，可以做出规划，来迎接可能是一个截然不同的运营环境。

Section III Writing略2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案Section I Use of English1-5 CADBD 6-10 BCDBA11-15 BBACD 16-20 ACBACSection II Reading Comprehension21-25 DCADB 26-30 DABCA31-35 BCDDB 36-40 BAACD41-45 EGABDPart C English-Chinese Translation46.莎士比亚出生之时，欧洲宗教戏剧正在消逝，在古典悲剧和戏剧的推动下，很多新的戏剧形式应运而生。

47.任何文法学校的学生都知道戏剧是一种文学形式，它曾给希腊和罗马带来荣耀，也许同样会给英格兰带来殊荣。

研究生入学统一考试试题及答案（英语一）(5)43【G】解析：43段尾空，应重点看本段上一句。

同时下段开头出现了代词such background，而G中最后一句中的background与之形成逻辑对应关系。

故选择G。

另外，G中Rather表示转折，与43空前句开头的not 构成“not rather”的“不是而是”结构44【B】解析：44段中空，看上下句。

此段空前句中有关键词background，空后句中有关键词interpretation; background逻辑上对应G中最后一句中的background，而interpretation 逻辑对应B中最后一句中的interpretations. 故选择B。

另外，B中Factors such as the place and period in which we are reading, our gender, ethnicity, age and social class 是44空前who we are的具体阐述。

45【A】解析：45段中空，看上下句。

最后一段首句主语是we, 所有选项中只有A和G的主语是we;但是G中首词是转折词Rather，与首句逻辑矛盾，故排除G选择A。

另外，A中具体描述了许多不同的阅读目的和方式，此为对45空前句How we read a given text 和our particular interest in reading it 的具体阐述。

A 中的信息是45空后句such dimensions of reading 的指代对象。

Part C TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration -one of the great folk wanderings of history-swept from Europe to America. 46) This movement, driven by powerful motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.47) The United States is the product of two principal forces-the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world. 48) But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, theinterplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American.49)The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory whichis now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the fifteenth- and sixteenth-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six- to twelve-week voyage, they subsisted on meager rations. Many of the ships were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes tempests blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought interminable delay.To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief. Said one chronicler, "The air at twelve leagues' distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden." The colonists' first glimpse of the new land was a vista of dense woods. 50) The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture,ships and potash, dyes and naval stores.46) This movement, driven by powerful motivations, built a nationout of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.【参考译文】在多种强大的动机驱动下，这次移民在一片荒野上建起了一个国家，其本身塑造了一个未知大陆的性格和命运。

翻译长难句三步法（杜绝逐字逐句）第一步：拆-主干+修饰（找信号词）副词、介词、从句、to do/doing/done、逗号第二步：译-分别；第三步：合-译文组合成句（逐层合并）调整顺序+独立成句2014年20141-Many people would define optimism as being endlessly happy, with a glass that’s perpetually half full.分拆：1-Many people would define optimism as being endlessly happy2- with a glass that’s perpetually half full.分译：1-大多数人会定义乐观主义为无止境的快乐2-带着一个永远是半满的玻璃杯。

润色：大多数人将乐观定义为无尽的快乐正如杯子里总有半杯水那样。

组合：大多数人将乐观定义为无尽的快乐，觉得杯子里总有半杯水。

2-But that’s exactly the kind of false cheerfulness that positive psychologistswouldn’t recommend.分拆：1-But that’s exactly the kind of false cheerfulness2- that positive psychologists wouldn’t recommend.分译：1-但是，那确实是一种错误的庆祝2-积极的心理学家们是不会推荐的。

润色：但那确实是错误的快乐积极的心理学家们并不推荐。

组合：但这恰恰不是真正的快乐，积极心理学家们并不提倡。

3-”Healthy optimism means being in touch with reality,”says T al Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor.分拆：1- ”Healthy optimism means being in touch with reality,”2- says T al Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor.分译：1-“健康的乐观主义意味着接触现实，”2- 一位来自哈佛大学的教授Tal Ben-Shahar 说道润色：健康的乐观意味着与现实相关哈佛大学的教授Tal Ben-Shahar 说组合：哈佛大学的教授T al Ben-Shahar 说：“健康的乐观意味着与现实相关”.4-According to Ben-Shaher, realistic optimists are those who make the best of things that happen, but not those who believe everything happens for the best. 分拆：1- According to Ben-Shaher2- realistic optimists are those3- who make the best of things that happen4-but not those who believe everything happens for the best.分译：1-根据BS2-现实的乐观主义者是那类人3-他们充分利用发生的事情4-而不是那类相信一切发生都会是最好的人润色：按照Ben-Shaher的说法现实的乐观主义是那些人那些从发生的事情中力求得到最大收获的人但不是那些指望凡事都有最好结果的人组合：按照Ben-Shaher的说法，现实的乐观主义是那些不管发生什么事情都力求从中得到最大收获的人，而不是那些指望凡事都有最好结果的人。

XX年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题及参考答案解析日常问候用语是考生必须熟练运用的知识，这与考生的口语操练有很大关系。

说促进听，是许多英语学习者的心得。

而且日常问候要视人而定，如英国人见面谈天气，美国人见面问身体等。

下面作详细介绍：1.问候类(Greetings)英语中的问候用语非常繁多，正式的通常有： How do youdo?(初次见面通常用语) How are you?(比较熟悉的人之间用语) How are you getting along with...?(你近来...可好?) Howare you doing?(您工作还顺利吧?) How is everything?(一切还好吧?) How is your vacation/holiday(s)/Christ ___sDay/weekend?(假期怎么样?)当今美国社会流行口语用语，大致有： What's up?(近来可忙?) Hello?Hi? What's going on?(近来可好?) How is life? How is it going?anything new? Pleased to meet you again!对以上问候的对答通常有How do you do! Fine!Thank you，and you? Every is fine! I'm just great! Very(quite)well，thank you! Couldn't be better，thank you! Not bad! Can't plain! Just so so.值得一提的是，随着美语越来越广泛地渗透，听力中用美语朗读且以美国社会为背景的题材的趋势愈加明显。

考生要注意日常口语对话，及时吸取信息，将对听力有很大的帮助。

请看下面的对话：A：Good morning, Ms Lucy. This is Betty, can you still remember me?B：Betty? Is it really? Surely I remember you. You are my good friend, and I haven??t seen you for ages, but how are you?A：Fine, I??m just fine, Ms Lucy...2.告别类(Farewell)有聚总有散。

博士研究生入学英语考试翻译写作讲义一、英译汉（一）、英译汉的考试重点、难点和注意事项：1、考研翻译的考点。

1、句法类考点1）、定语从句2）、名词性从句3）、状语从句4）、被动语态2、词法类考点1）、分词2）、代词3）、固定词和短语的翻译2、考研翻译最基本的五种翻译技巧1）分拆：把原句化整为零，按意群切分。

2）倒置：按中文顺序颠倒原文的意群。

3）重组：脱离原文的句子结构，重新组织译文。

4）增词法和减词法：根据需要来增减词。

5）词类转译：某些词的词性会产生变换，比如将英文中的介词转译成动词。

3、基本的翻译步骤（一）理解原文理解原文就是吃透原文，理解原文的真正含义及其所包含的外延。

分析其相关内容，如原文有没有褒贬，对其中的修饰语的分寸如何把握等等，还要理解上下文及其关系。

（二）正确表达正确表达是在充分理解原文的基础上进行的，就是译者把自已对原文所理解的内容用准确、通顺、符合英语表达习惯的英文重新再现出来。

表达的好坏主要取决于对原文理解的深度以及对英文的掌握程度和熟练程度。

在翻译时，要根据上下文及内在的逻辑关系，选择适当的句子结构及词汇。

（三）核校译文在翻译完之后，要对照原文，对译文作核实、校对，看看译文是否符合上述翻译的基本原则；在人名、地名、日期、方位、数字方面的否有错漏；译文的段、句或重要的词是否有错漏；是否有译错的或不妥的句子、词组或词；译文的句子结构、时态、语态、标点符号、大小写等是否正确。

力求方方面面都注意到这样才能得到满意的译文，也就能够得高分。

（二）、英汉两种语言的表达差异：1．英语重结构，汉语重语意It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources, and to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques.直译：它同样适用于将历史仅仅看作是对历史材料来源的内部的和外部的批评的传统历史学家，和把历史研究活动等同于具体研究方法的社会科学历史学家。

北京外国语大学2000年研究生入学考试试卷英语翻译专业I.Translate the following sentences into Chinese.Explain what translation technique you use in translating the italicized parts and give your reasons in one or two sentences.（30%）1.She lived and died a virgin.2.There is a wonderful universe out there that you couldn’t even begin to dream about.3.Some of them suggested there might be a diplomatic price to pay4.The wait got the best of me,and I left my husband holding our place while I looked for a seat.5.The budget battle was a nail-biter for President Clinton and the two Democrats shepherding the bill through Congress.6.You are telling me.7.A big elephant is no more animal than a little cat is8.Jane’s kindly and gentle nature could not but revolt at her sister’s callous behavior.9.The line outside the stock exchange was filled with excited talkers and check writers.10.Today well lived makes every yesterday a memory of happiness and very tomorrow a vision of hope.Ⅱ.Translate the following two passages into Chinese:（30%）1.The opening of doors is a mystic act:it has in it some flavor of the unknown,some sense of moving into a new moment,a new pattern of the human rigmarole*.It includes the highest glimpses of mortal gladness:reunions,reconciliation’s,the bliss of lovers long parted.Even in sadness,the opening of a door may bring relief:it changes and redistributes human forces.But the closing of door is far more terrible.It is a confession of finality.Every door closed brings something to an end.And there are degrees of sadness in the closing of doors.A door slammed is a confession of weakness.A door gently shut is often the most tragic gesture in life.Every one knows the seizure of anguish that comes after the closing of a door,when the loved one is still near,within sound of voice,and yet already far away.*Rigmarole:an elaborate or complicated procedure2.If language were simply a nomenclature for a set of universal concepts,it would be easy to translate from one language to another.One would simply replace the French name for a concept with the English name.If language were like this the task of learning a new language would also be much easier than it is.But anyone who has attempted either of these tasks has acquired,alas,a vast amount of direct proof that languages are not nomenclatures,that the concepts…of one language differ radically from those of another…Each language articulates or organizes the world nguages do not simply name existing categories,they articulate their own.Ⅲ.Translate the following sentences into English:（20%）1．这孩子不太听话。