并列主语主谓一致原则的认知语言学解读

主谓一致的准确理解与应用技巧主谓一致是语法中一项重要的规则，指主语的单复数形式与谓语动词保持一致。

准确理解和正确应用主谓一致是写作中必不可少的技巧。

本文将深入探讨主谓一致的含义，并提供一些应用技巧和例句，以帮助读者更好地掌握这一规则。

一、主谓一致的意义和要点主谓一致是指主语和谓语动词在人称和数上保持一致，主要包括以下几个要点：1. 人称一致：主语的人称与谓语动词的人称保持一致。

例如，当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词需使用第三人称单数形式。

例句：- The cat eats fish.（猫吃鱼。

）- She runs every morning.（她每天早上跑步。

）2. 数一致：主语的单复数形式与谓语动词的单复数形式一致。

例如，当主语是复数形式时，谓语动词需使用复数形式。

例句：- The birds are singing in the trees.（鸟儿在树上唱歌。

）- They play basketball every Sunday.（他们每个星期天打篮球。

）3. 特殊情况：有些情况下，主谓一致的规则会受到其他因素的影响。

比如：- 当主语是由单数名词复数形式构成时，谓语动词需使用单数形式。

- 当主语是由复数名词单数形式构成时，谓语动词需使用复数形式。

例句：- Physics is my favorite subject.（物理是我的最爱科目。

）- The news is not always reliable.（新闻并不总是可靠的。

）二、主谓一致的应用技巧1. 注意主语与谓语之间的距离和插入语。

在长句中，主语与谓语之间可能被插入语或修饰语所分隔，但这并不影响主谓一致的原则。

例句：- The book, along with its accompanying CD, is on the shelf.（这本书连同它的CD一起放在书架上。

）- My friend, who is an accountant, works in a big company.（我的朋友，他是一个会计师，在一家大公司上班。

主谓一致的讲解一、并列结构作主语时的主谓一致1.由and 连接主语时And 连接的两个或多个单数可数名词、不可数名词或代词作主语时根据意义或概念确定谓语用单数或复数1)并列主语表示不同的人、物或概念时谓语动词用复数Li Ming and Zhang Hua are good students.Like many others, the little tramp and the naughty boy have rushed there in search of gold.小流浪汉和调皮的小男孩也赶到那里寻找金子Both rice and wheat are grown in this area.2)并列主语表示同一个人、物或概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。

The professor and writer is speaking at the meeting.那位教授兼作家正在会上发言A journalist and authour lives on the sixth floor.一位新闻记者兼作家His lawyer and former college friend was with him on his trip to Europe.他的律师兼大学时代的朋友陪他去欧洲旅行The Premier and Foreign Minister was present at the state banquet.总理兼外长比较：the writer and the educator have visited our school.the writer and educator has visited our school.His lawyer and his former college friend were with him on his trip to Europe. 注意：指同一个人或物时，并列主语前只用一个冠词，指不同的需要分别加冠词，但两个名词具有分别的对立的意思时只需要一个冠词即可A boy and girl are playing tennis.3)并列主语前有each, every, many a , no 等修饰时谓语动词用单数Each doctor and (each) nurse working in the hospital was asked to help patients. Every man, woman and child is entitled to take part in the activity. 有权参加Every boy and (every) girl admires him for his fine sense of humour.Many a boy and (many a ) girl has made the same mistakeNo boy and no girl is there now.没有任何男孩和女孩在那里注意：many a 跟单数可数名词但是表示复数意义翻译为很多Many a student was disappointed after seeing the movie.4)并列主语为不可分的整体时，谓语动词用单数A law and rule about protecting environment has been drawn up.法规制定The knife and fork has been washed 刀叉已经被洗好War and peace is a constant theme in history战争与和平是历史永恒的主题注意;常被视为主体的结构A cup and saucer 一副杯碟A horse and cart 马车A knife and fork 一副刀叉A law and rule 法规A needle and thread 一套针线Fish and chips 炸鱼加炸薯条The stars and stripes 星条旗2.由(either)…or 或neither…nor 等连接的主语时由 either…or, neither…nor, or, not only…but(also)…连接主语时，谓语动词陈述句中就近原则Either you or Jane is to be sent to New York.要么你要么简被派往纽约Neither you nor he has finished the experiment.Neither the teacher nor the students like this piece of music. 都不喜欢这首曲子Not only the old farmer but also his family were friendly to me.Not only his friends but also he himself is looking forward to taking part in the party.3.主语由肯定否定两部分构成谓语跟肯定部分走Not you but I am to answer the questionI, not you, am to answer the question.二、单一主语的主谓一致1.名词本身自带s作主语时1）学科名词: physics 物理 mathematics/maths 数学 economics 经济学 politics政治学新闻; news体操：GymnasticsAs we know, Physics is a fundamental subject in science.物理是自然科学中的一门基础学科Mathematics is a required course for middle school students.数学是中学生的一门必修课Einstein once said ,“Politics is much more difficult than physics.”注意：当mathematics 表示运算时谓语动词用单数复数都可If my mathematics is/are right, the answer is 56.如果我的运算正确，答案就是56 The television news is at 7 o’clock in the evening every dayGymnastics is my sister’s favourite sport2)有些名词单复数同行根据是单数概念还是复数概念判断谓语 means方式方法 aircraft 飞机works 工厂 crossroads十字路口 deer 鹿 sheep 羊 fish 鱼This works was build in 1982 这座工厂是By far, three steelworks have been closed down in this cityThis means of transport has been triedAll possible means have been tried3）由两部分组成的物体名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数chopsticks筷子 compasses 圆规glasses眼镜 gloves手套Jeans牛仔裤 pants裤子scissors剪子 shoes鞋子shorts短裤 socks短袜trousers裤子My trousers are white and his clothes are black.我的裤子是白色的他的衣服是黑色的Why are your shoes so dirty?注意;如果这些词由单位词（a pair of , a suit of , a piece of , a kind of 等）修饰时，单位词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数A pair of scissors is lying in that drawer.These kinds of glasses are popular this summer.4)表示国家、人名、书名、组织机构等的专有名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数The united States is a developed countryThe New York Times is widely read in the world.5)以-s 结尾的群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等专有名词谓语动词用复数The Himalayas have a magnificent variety of plants.植物种类繁多The Niagara Falls are splendid waterfalls.6)以-S结尾的名词作主语时谓语动词用复数belongings财产 clothes衣服 plasticsearnings收入 goods货物leavings剩余 savings储存All the goods are very expensive.2.集体名词作主语时1）mankind, humanity, man 作主语时，谓语一般用单数Only man knows how to cook. 只有人懂得烹饪【注】mankind 表示“人(类)”有时表示复数意义,尤其是其表语是复数时：Mankind are intelligent animals. 人是理智的动物.2）people, police, cattle, youth等作主语时，只有单数形式, 但却表示复数意义谓语动词用复数The police are investigating the riot. 正在调查暴乱事件The cattle are grazing the the field 正在牧场吃草Many cattle were killed for this. 就因为这个原因宰了不少牲畜【注】people作民族讲时有复数形式.如： There are 56 peoples in China3）family, crowd 等作主语时，根据概念确定谓语动词这类集体名词有：Army， assembly议会集会 audience band class club committee company congress议会youth crew 全体工作人员 crowd enemy family gang团伙government group herd牧群 jury population public team强调整体用单数谓语强调个体用复数谓语The family is going to move to New YorkThe family have different opinions about their going abroadThe football club committee arranges all the matchesThe football club committee have decided to dismiss him.比较：A family , a group , a class 做主语时用单数谓语Families, groups, classes 作主语时用复数谓语A group is coming to the zoo.一队人正朝着动物园走来4）baggage / luggage(行李), clothing(衣服), furniture(家具), machinery(机器), poetry(诗), scenery(风景), jewelry(珠宝), equipment(设备)等,是不可数名词,只用单数形式,不用不定冠词(当然更不能用数词)Our clothing protects us from [against] the cold. 我们的衣服可以御寒.Have you checked all your baggage? 你所有行李都托运了吗?【注】machinery, poetry, jewelry, scenery等相应的个体可数名词是 machine, poem, jewel, scene等.如：a poem / a piece of poetry(一首诗),many machines / much machinery / many pieces of machinery(许多机器).5）hair的用法hair(头发,毛发)指全部头发或毛发时,为集合名词(不可数)；指几根头发或毛发时,为个体名词(可数)：My hair has grown very long. 我的头发已长得很长了.The police found two hairs there. 警察在那儿找到了两根头发.6）fruit的用法fruit(水果)作为集合名词,它通常是不可数的：He doesn’t eat much fruit. 他不大吃水果.He is growing fruit in the country. 他在乡下种水果.但是,当要表示种类时,它可视为可数名词,即a fruit 指一种水果,fruits 指多种水果.比较：Some fruits have thick skins. 有些水果皮很厚.3.非谓语动词或从句作主语时1）非谓语动词或从句作主语时谓语动词用单数To improve agricultural land needs a lot of money.改善耕地质量需要投入大量的资金To see is to believeSwimming is a good way to keep healthHow they will solve the problem remains to be seenWhether she will come is not known2)多个非谓语动词作主语，表达一个概念谓语用单数，表达不同概念谓语用复数Going to be early and getting up early is good for your health.早睡早起一个概念Reading books and playing table tennis are my great pleasure.读书和打乒乓球Listening, speaking, reading and writing are all important.To be strict with oneself and to be kind to others are good qualities of a person三、其他情况的主谓一致1.表示距离、时间、长度、金额、质量等的复数名词作主语时常被看作是整体谓语动词用单数这类复数名词有：miles, dollars, pounds, kilograms公斤千克, kilometres公里, centimetres,厘米 millimetres毫米, seconds, hours, years等Five dollars seems a fair price 是一个公道的价格Two kilometres is not very far for the young manFive hours is a short time for such a difficult job2.如果强调数目谓语动词用复数One hundred cents make a dollarMore than twenty years have passed since they got married.3.算数中的谓语动词一般用单数形式，有时也用复数Five times eight is/are fortyFour and eight makes/make twelveSixty minus seven leaves fifty-threeForty-eight divided by six is eight4.复合不定代词作主语时谓语动词用单数Everyone something anybody nowhereEveryone in the class was surprised at the newsListen! Someone is knocking at the door.Is anyone going to tell him the news?5.each one of…, every one of …, anyone of…, one of…, 等作主语时谓语用单数Each of the girl in our class has a balloon 我们班每个女孩都有一个气球Each of the students was asked to speak for three minutes.Every one of them is familiar to me. 我对他们都很熟悉6.each , every 作形容词修饰主语时谓语动词用单数但是each 作复数主语的同位语时谓语用复数Each/Every boy in our class has a skateboard一副滑板They each have a stateboardEach/Every student has an English-Chinese dictionaryThe students each have an English-Chinese dictionary7.none of + 不可数名词谓语用单数none of,neither of, + 可数名词复数/复数代词 + 谓语动词单数复数都可either of ,None of that money in the desk is his 不可数名词None of his classmates knows the truth.= None of his classmates know the truth Neither of the statements is true = Neither of the statements are true 两种说法没有一个真实Either of the qualifications is acceptable = Either of the qualifications are acceptable8.neither 与 either 做形容词修饰单数名词时谓语动词用单数Either qualification is acceptable两种资格中的任何一种都可以接受Neither qualification is acceptable9.分数百分数+ of + 名词，some of , plenty of, a lot of, lots of, most of, the rest of, all(of), half(of) 谓语常与of 后面的名词一致分数/百分数 + of + 复数名词/ 复数代词谓语动词用复数分数/百分数 + of + 单数名词/单数代词谓语动词用单数不可数名词Two thirds of the students support the plan复数名词One tenth of them are suffering from this kind of illness.复数代词Three fourths of the surface of the earth is sea单数名词Eighty percent of the employees in the company are from Beijing百分数复数名词Thirty percent of its area is flooded each year.百分数单数名词The rest of the money belongs to youThe rest of the students speak for it.Half of the apple is rottenHalf of the apples are rotten10.more(…) than one…结构作主语时More(…)than one…+ 单数名词谓语用单数More + 复数名词 + than one 谓语用复数More than two + 复数名词谓语用复数More than one white rose has bloomed in the gardenMore white roses than one have bloomed in the gardenMore than two white roses have bloomed 两个以上的的白玫瑰开了11.a number of + 复数名词谓语用复数许多的The number of + 名词谓语动词用单数…的数量A number of trees are green in AprilA great number of tourists have been to the Great WallA large number of worker were out of work because the factory was destroyed in flood.The number of students in the computer class is limited to ten.The number of workers who were out of work was 1,000.12.there/here…引导句子时就近原则There are some chairs and a table in the roomThere is a table and some chairs in the roomHere are some gifts for youHere is a book, a pen and some paper for you.13.当主语后接修饰语时With, along with, together with, but, besides, except, like, including, in addition to, as well as, rather than, 谓语动词与前面的主语保持一致A library with five thousand books is offered to the nation as a gift被作为礼物送给了这个国家The teacher, along with her students, is going to attend the lecture 听报告A peasant, together with some soldiers, is about to help us.All but one have arrived here.除了一个人外所有人都到了No one except two students was late for class.再没有其他人上课迟到The garage, in addition to the house, was burned.She as well as the other girls is going to another supermarked.You as well as I are wrong.The father, rather than the brother, is responsible.父亲而不是兄弟们应当负责14.The+ 形容词做主语时表示一类人用复数谓语表示抽象概念用单数谓语The injured were carried away on stretchers.用担架抬走了The old are more likely to catch cold than the youngThe rich are for the decision but the poor are against it.The young are always full of vitality充满了活力The unknown is always something to be feared 未知的东西总是令人害怕The beautiful is not always the good, and the good is not always the true.美未必是善善未必是真The true is to be distinguished from the false真应与假相区别The good is what people like 人们总是喜欢美好的东西In many stories, the good are well rewarded and the bad are punished.好人有好报坏人有怀抱15.all做主语时指一切表示单数概念用单数谓语，指具体人或物用复数谓语All has been tried一切都试过了All were silent 大家都一言不发All was silent 万籁俱寂All are here now 大家都在16.由 a kind of, this kind of, many kinds of, 名词+of this kind, a type of asort of 谓语动词根据of 后面的名词来定A new type of machine is on show now. 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主谓一致的用法主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。

1.语法一致原则：指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。

（1）以单数名词或代词，动词不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时，谓语用复数，例如：He goes to school early every morning.The children are playing outside.To work hard is necessary for a student.（2）由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

例如：Both he and I are right.Mr. Black and Mrs. Black have a son called Tom.但并列主语如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。

例如：His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.The poet and writer has come.（3）由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each, every修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。

例如：In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.Each man and each woman is asked to help.（4）主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有but ,except, besides, with 等介词短语，谓语动词仍用单数。

例如：The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.Nobody but two boys was late for class.Bread and butter is a daily food in the west.（5）一些只有复数形式的名词，如people, police, cattle, clothes等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。

主谓一致详解【基础知识】主谓一致指“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系。

对大多数人来说，往往会在掌握主语和随后的谓语动词之间的一致问题上遇到困难。

一般情况下，主谓之间的一致关系由以下三个原则支配：语法一致原则 (grammatical concord)意义一致原则 (notional concord)就近原则 (principle of proximity)（一）语法一致原则用作主语的名词词组中心词和谓语动词在单、复数形式上的一致，就是语法一致。

也就是说，如果名词中心词是单数，动词用单数形式；如果名词中心词是复数，动词用复数形式。

例如： This table is a genuine antique.Both parties have their own advantages.Her job has something to do with computers.She wants to go home.They are divorcing each other.Mary was watching herself in the mirror.The bird built a nest.Susan comes home every week-end.（二）意义一致原则有时，主语和谓语动词的一致关系取决于主语的单、复数意义，而不是语法上的单、复数形式，这样的一致关系就是意义一致。

例如：Democratic government gradually take the place of an all-powerful monarchy.A barracks was attacked by the guerilla.Mumps is a kind of infectious disease.The United States is a developed country.It is the remains of a ruined palace.The archives was lost.This pair of trousers costs fifty dollars.（三）就近原则有时，谓语动词的单、复数形式决定于最靠近它的词语。

语法中的主谓一致原则主谓一致是语法中的一个重要原则，指的是主语与谓语在人称、数和时态上保持一致。

正确的主谓一致能够使句子具有逻辑明晰、语意清晰的特点，增强句子的可读性和可理解性。

本文将介绍主谓一致原则的基本概念、适用规则以及常见错误，并提供一些实例进行说明。

一、主谓一致的基本概念在句子中，主语是执行或承受动作或状态的人或事物，而谓语是叙述或断言主语的动作或状态的词或词组。

主谓一致原则要求主语与谓语在人称、数和时态上呈现一致，使句子结构完整统一。

二、主谓一致的适用规则1. 单数主语需配以单数谓语动词，复数主语需配以复数谓语动词。

例如：- The dog barks. (单数主语+单数谓语动词)- The dogs bark. (复数主语+复数谓语动词)2. 特殊情况下的主谓一致：a) 当主语为不可数名词时，谓语动词需要使用单数形式。

例如：- The water is cold. (不可数名词主语+单数谓语动词)b) 当主语为复数名词中的每一个或某些特定成员时，谓语动词需要使用单数形式。

例如：- Each student has a book. (每一个学生+单数谓语动词)- Some of the workers is on vacation. (某些工人+单数谓语动词)c) 当主语由“either...or”、“neither...nor”、“not only...but also”连接时，谓语动词的单复数要与最靠近的名词一致。

例如：- Neither the cat nor the dogs are in the garden. (主语为“neither the cat”而非“the dogs”，谓语动词使用复数形式)3. 主谓一致与时态的关系a) 在一般现在时中，单数主语使用第三人称单数谓语动词，复数主语使用一般现在时的原形谓语动词。

例如：- She works in an office. (单数主语+第三人称单数谓语动词)- They work in an office. (复数主语+原形谓语动词)b) 在其他时态中，主谓一致需根据时态规则进行配合。

高中英语主谓一致知识点讲解本文主要讲解主谓一致，并列结构作主语时谓语用复数主谓一致中的靠近原则谓语动词与前面的主语一致等常见考点。

主谓一致是指：1）语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。

2）意义上要一致，即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。

3）就近原则，即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语，一般来说，不可数名词用动词单数，可数名词复数用动词复数。

例如：There is much water in the thermos.但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。

例如：Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.并列结构作主语时谓语用复数，例如：Reading and writing are very important. 读写很重要。

注意：当主语由and连结时，如果它表示一个单一的概念，即指同一人或同一物时，谓语动词用单数，and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。

例如：The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 钢铁工业对我们的生活有重要意义。

典型例题The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.A. isB. wasC. areD. were答案B. 注：先从时态上考虑。

这是过去发生的事情应用过去时，先排除A.，C。

本题易误选D，因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人，但仔细辨别，monitor 前没有the，在英语中，当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。

后面的职务用and 相连。

这样本题主语为一个人，所以应选B。

主谓一致中的靠近原则1）当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。

主谓一致与主语与谓语部分一致全面解读主谓一致是语法中一个重要的原则，即主语与谓语在人称和数上要保持一致。

主语与谓语要在人称和数上相对应，以确保句子的语法正确性。

主语是句子中的动作的执行者或者是句子主题的核心，而谓语则是句子中表达动作或状态的部分。

在主谓一致中，首先要注意的就是人称的一致性。

当主语是第一人称（我、我们）时，谓语动词也要使用第一人称形式（如使用I、We）。

当主语是第二人称（你、你们）时，谓语动词也要使用第二人称形式（如使用You、You）。

当主语是第三人称（他、她、它、他们、它们、她们）时，谓语动词也要使用第三人称形式（如使用He、She、It、They）。

接下来，我们要关注主语与谓语在数上的一致性。

当主语是单数形式时，谓语动词也要使用单数形式（如动词加“s”或者“es”）。

当主语是复数形式时，谓语动词也要使用复数形式（如动词不加“s”或“es”）。

除了在一般情况下主谓一致的原则外，还有一些特殊情况需要特别注意。

例如，当主语是由“and”连接的两个或多个名词时，谓语动词要使用复数形式。

当主语是由“either...or”或“neither...nor”连接的两个名词时，谓语动词要与靠近它的名词在数上保持一致。

当主语是由“every...”或“each...”开头的名词时，谓语动词要使用单数形式。

当主语是由“more than...”或“less than...”连接并进行比较的两个名词时，谓语动词要与比较级后面的名词在数上保持一致。

总的来说，主谓一致在英语语法中是一个非常基本的规则。

遵循这个规则能够使句子更加流畅、准确，并且避免语法错误的出现。

要注意主语与谓语在人称和数上的一致性，并特别留意那些特殊情况下的一致性规则。

主语与谓语部分一致也是我们解读句子时需要注意的一个方面。

主语与谓语部分一致要求句子中除了主语与谓语的人称和数要保持一致外，还要求这两个部分在时态、语态等方面也要保持一致。

初中英语语法知识汇编主谓一致性原则主谓一致性原则：是指在使用助动词be、have、do以及一般现在时态的谓语动词应同主语在人称和单复数上保持一致。

考点要求：主谓一致性原则主要从三个方面进行考虑：一、形式一致性原则--- 要求找准主语（不要认为紧靠动词的词语就是主语；也不要认为主语肯定在动词前；同时需要考虑用作主语的名词是否可数，是单数还是复数）。

初中英语中，对形式一致性原则的考察主要包括以下几个方面：1、基本要求：考虑主谓一致时，应着重考虑主语是否是第三人称单数（动词用-s形式）。

当人称代词第三人称单数（he、she、it）和表示单数的指示代词（this、that）用作主语，以及主语名词为不可数名词或单数可数名词时，助动词或谓语动词用-s形式。

e.g He is a doctor. She is a teacher.This is a book. That is a pen.It takes about an hour to get there by bus.The boy has been in the League for two years.There is some water in the glass.注意：单复数同形的可数名词以及不可数形式同复数同形的名词用作主语时，需根据其限定词的不同以及句子的意义，判定其是否为单数可数名词或为不可数名词，来确定动词是否用-s形式（people和police常用作复数）。

e.g The police are looking for the lost boy everywhere.（police用作主语时，如其前限定词没有说明“一”时，看为复数）There are several sheep on the hill.（several之后应带复数可数名词）This sheep belongs to Jim’s brother.（指示代词this和that后应带单数可数名词）There are some fish in the river. Let’s go fishing this afternoon.（根据river中的fish以及后一句中的go fishing，可得知此处的fish为可数名词，再根据some 后的可数名词应为复数，得出此处的fish为复数可数名词）The fish smells very delicious. Would you like some?（根据delicious只同食品有关，得出此处的fish不是“鱼”，而是“鱼肉”，为不可数名词）2、倒装句主谓一致的判定：所谓倒装就是把动词放在主语之前。

语法点解析主谓一致的用法与理解语法点解析：主谓一致的用法与理解主谓一致是英语语法中一个重要的概念，它指的是主语与谓语在人称和数方面保持一致。

准确理解和正确运用主谓一致是写作中的关键之一。

本文将对主谓一致的用法与理解进行详细解析。

一、基本概念主谓一致是指主语与谓语在人称和数方面保持一致。

当主语是单数形式，谓语动词也要用单数形式；当主语是复数形式，谓语动词也要用复数形式。

主谓一致是英语思维逻辑的体现，它使文章的表达更加准确、流畅。

二、人称一致人称一致指的是主语与谓语在人称方面保持一致。

一般情况下，第一人称的主语与谓语使用第一人称形式，第二人称的主语与谓语使用第二人称形式，第三人称的主语与谓语使用第三人称形式。

例1：I am a student. （我是一个学生）例2：You are my friend. （你是我的朋友）例3：He is a doctor. （他是一名医生）三、数的一致数的一致指的是主语与谓语在数方面保持一致。

当主语是单数形式，谓语动词也要用单数形式；当主语是复数形式，谓语动词也要用复数形式。

例4：The dog barks. （这只狗在叫）例5：The cats play in the garden. （这些猫在花园里玩耍）例6：She eats an apple. （她吃了一个苹果）四、特殊情况除了基本的人称和数一致规则外，还存在一些特殊情况需要特别注意。

1. 不可数名词：对于不可数名词作主语，谓语动词一般使用单数形式。

例7：The information is correct. （这些信息是正确的）2. 复合主语：当主语由两个或多个单数名词或代词构成，且被并列连词and连接时，谓语动词用复数形式。

例8：Tom and Jerry are friends. （汤姆和杰瑞是朋友）3. 带有either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also等连词的主谓一致：当主语由either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also引导时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于距离谓语动词最近的名词。

主谓一致讲解及练习3. Chinese, French, mathematics, statistics, electronics, economics, politics, linguistics,optics等表示语言或学科的单词作主语时,谓语动词用作单数。

Chinese, Japanese, French, English 表示某国人时,根据意义一致的原则决定谓语的数。

4. works (工厂),means (方法) series (系列), deer( 鹿), sheep(绵羊)根据所暗示的数来决定谓语的数。

5.以-s结尾的表示由成对部分组成的物体的名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数。

如trousers,glasses, scissors, pants等。

如果这些词与a pair of, a couple of连用，动词的数与pair,couple的数保持-致。

6. clothes, goods, wages, stairs, taxes, earnings, belongings, savings, leavings 作复数用，其后面的谓语动词要用复数。

7. news, music, equipment, luggage, information, furniture, advice, progress等不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。

1.表示国家城市、机构、组织的专有名词一般视为单数,作主语时谓语动词用单数。

2.某些表示群岛、山脉、瀑布的专有名词往往作复数用，作主语时谓语动词用复数。

3.以复数形式出现的表示书籍、报纸、杂志的专有名词一般视为单数,作主语时谓语动词用单数。

4.以复数形式出现的表示同姓的一家人或同名、同姓的若干人的名词作主语,谓语动词用复数。

1.主语之后带有as well as, as much as, rather than, more than, no less than等短语时,谓语动词的数与前面的主语保持一致。