高考英语一轮复习 Unit 2 Robots 新人教版选修7

课时作业(三十二) [选修7 Unit 2 Robots](限时：45分钟)Ⅰ.语法填空Do you know about firefighters? One of the greatest heartbreaks forfirefighters occurs when they fail to rescue a child from a burning building1.________ the child, frightened by smoke and noise, hides under a bed or in a closet and is later found2.________ (die)．Saddest of all is when children catch 3.________ glimpse of the masked firefighter but hide because they think they have seen a monster (怪物). Toprevent such tragedies, firefighter Eric Velez gives talks to children in his community, explaining that 4.________ should never hide during a fire.He displays firefighters' equipment, including the oxygen mask, 5.________ he encourages his audience to play with and put on, “If yo u see us，” Velez tells them, “don't hide! We have come to rescue you.” Velez gives his presentations(作口头报告) 6.________ English and Spanish.Velez and 7.________ firefighters throughout North America, who give similar presentations, will never know how many lives they save through their talks. Butit is a fact that informative speaking 8.________ (save) many lives.For example, one day Pete Gentry's brother was choking on some food.9.________ (fortune), he was rescued by Pete Gentry using the method 10.________ (teach) by a student speaker, Julie Paris. It was just several months after he listened to an informative speech in North Carolina.Ⅱ.阅读理解AWASHINGTON—It's a great achievement that inspires notions (观念) of robotswith consciousness and independent minds.When people or animals get hurt, they can usually compensate for minorinjuries and keep limping along, but for robots, even slight damage can make them stumble and fall. However, a recently­made robot has demonstrated a novel ability: it can heal its own damage.The new robot, which looks like a splay­legged(弓形腿的), four­footed starfish, can sense injury to itself and adapt. That ability sets the new robot apart from earlier machines. Because the robot can recov er from unfamiliar places. “There is a need for planetary robotic rovers (行星机器探测车) to be able to fix things on their own，” says Josh Bongard, a professor in the University of Ver mont, who is one of the device's creators. “Robots on other planets must be able to continue their mission without human help if they are damaged and cannot communicate their problem back to earth.”A typical robot functions according to a computer program, but the new robot works differently. First, sensors in its four legs observe the robot's movements and signal to its built­in computer. From the information it collects, the robotcreates its own programs that allow it to adapt to different situations. For example, when the researchers shortened one of the robot's legs, the smart machine simply adjusted its way of walking—it used three legs instead of four.The researchers are looking for other places to put the resilient robot to work. One spot is the ocean floor. That dark and dangerous undersea place might be a good choice for a robot the scientists call the Starfish. “We never officially named the robot, but we usually refer to it as the Starfish, even though a real starfish has five rather than four legs，” says Bongard. “Also, a real starfish is much better than our robot at recovering from injury, because it can actually grow its legs again.” Scientists have created robots that help humans in many ways: by exploring space, fighting fires, and even performing surgery.11．The newly­designed robot distinguishes itself from the former ones because it________．A．can communicate with people on the Earth about their problemsB．works according to a certain computer programC．can find its problems and solve them automaticallyD．can explore unfamiliar places12．An example is given in the fourth paragraph in order to explain that the robot ________．A．is used to create new programsB．has typical robot functionsC．has sensors to observe its movementsD．can gather information and adapt to new conditions13．The underlined word “resilient” in the last paragraph means the robotis________．A．creative B．newly­madeC．able to recover D．informative14．Which of the following is TRUE about the robot “Starfish”？A．It was spoken highly of by people for its special ability.B．It will stumble and fall if damaged.C．It can grow its legs again once they are broken.D．It has started to work on the ocean floor.15．What might be the best title of the passage?A．How does the Starfish robot workB．Do­It­Yourself robots repairC．Robots designed to work on other planetsD．New robots helping us in many waysBIn the fall of 1985，I was a bright­eyed girl heading off to Howard University, aiming at a legal career and dreaming of sitting on a Supreme Court bench somewhere. Twenty­one years later I am still a bright­eyed dreamer and one with quite a different tale to tell.My grandma, an amazing woman, graduated from college at the age of 65. She was the first in our family to reach that goal. But one year after I started college, she developed cancer. I made the choice to withdraw from college to care for her. It meant that school and my personal dream would have to wait.Then I got married with another dream: building my family with a combination of adopted and biological children. In 1999, we adopted our first son. To lay eyes on him was fantastic—and very emotional. A year later came our second adopted boy. Then followed son No. 3. In 2003, I gave birth to another boy.You can imagine how fully occupied I became, raising four boys under the age of 8! Our home was a complete zoo—a joyous zoo. Not surprising, I never did makeit back to college full­time. But I never gave up on the dream either. I had only one choice: to find a way. That meant taking as few as one class each semester.The hardest part was feeling guilty about the time I spent away from the boys. They often wanted me to stay home with them. There certainly were times I wanted to quit, but I knew I should set an example for them to follow through the rest of their lives.In 2007, I graduated from the University of North Carolina. It took me over 21 years to get my college degree!I am not special, just single­minded. It always struck me that when you're looking at a big challenge from the outside it looks huge, but when you're in the midst of it, it just seems normal. Everything you want won't arrive in your lifeon one day. It's a process. Remember：little steps add up to big dreams.16. When the author went to Howard University, her dream was to be________.A．a writer B．a teacherC．a judge D．a doctor17．Why did the author quit school in her second year of college?A．She wanted to study by herself.B．She fell in love and got married.C．She suffered from a serious illness.D．She decided to look after her grandma.18．What can we learn about the author from Paragraphs 4 and 5?A．She was busy yet happy with her family life.B．She ignored her guilty feeling for her sons.C．She wanted to remain a full­time housewife.D．She was too confused to make a correct choice.19．What does the author mostly want to tell us in the last paragraph?A．Failure is the mother of success.B．Little by little，one goes far.C．Every coin has two sides.D．Well begun，half done.20．Which of the following can best describe the author?A．Caring and determined.B．Honest and responsible.C．Ambitious and sensitive.D．Innocent and single­minded.Ⅲ.基础写作近年微博(microblog)在中国越来越流行。

Unit 2 Robots一、单句语法填空1．Having________ (pile)the fallen leaves in the yard，the cleaner left with a smile. 2．If you ________ (obey)the law，you would be punished.3．After ________ (divorce)her husband，she swore never to marry again.4．It's surprising that he ________ (desire)so much money.5．Before driving into the city，you are required to get your car________ (wash)．6．This new medicine ________ (test)out on the animals for several times so far. 7．With the old people and young children________ (leave)alone at home，more and more peasants come to big cities to make a fortune.8．She was very beautiful but she did not like____________(envy)by so many people. 9．Tim refused ____________(accompany)by his father when he went for a haircut. 10．Often the robots would favour designs that were________ (grand)than their owners wanted.答案1.piled2.disobeyed3.divorcing4.desired5.washed6.has been tested7.left8.to be envied9.to be accompanied 10.grander二、完形填空完型填空。

课时作业 32Ⅰ.阅读理解(2019·陕西省榆林市第一中学高三检测)Robots come in many shapes and sizes, but scientists in Zurich, Switzerland, have developed one new robot called Pleurobot, which looks and acts just like a salamander (火蜥蜴)．To create the robot, scientists took hun dreds of X­rays of real salamanders. They studied the images of these animals to see which joints (关节) and muscles the animals use as they move. Then the scientists built the Pleurobot's skeleton to move just like the real thing. This makes the robot's movements incredibly lifelike.According to experts, salamanders were among the first animals to develop a skeleton and nervous system that allowed them to travel on land. “By studying the modern salamander, we have a time window to the ancestors of all vertebrates(脊椎动物), including humans，” Auke Ijspeert, the designer of the robot, told scholastic News Online.Both people and salamanders have a spinal cord (脊髓). An injury to the spinal cord can result in the inability to move. Now, there is no cure for paralysis (瘫痪). Ijspeert hopes that the Pleurobot can help change that. Because these studies could help researchers develop new ways to help people who have been paralyzed by spinal cord injuries.Scientists think that the Pleurobot could also be used for search­and­rescue tasks too dangerous for humans. Because the robot is low to the ground and has a wide range of motion, it could be used to get into dangerous places, like fallen buildings, to look for survivors. Thanks to its waterproof suit, the robotic salamander could even participate in underwater missions.Experts are now working on a smaller, sturdier (harder to break) model of the Pleurobot. They expect this one to be even better suited for getting into small spaces to do dangerous work.这篇文章主要讲了瑞士的科学家发明了一款新的机器人，这款机器人看起来有些像火蜥蜴。

Unit 2 Robots(60分钟81分)Part A一、阅读理解(共8小题;每小题2分,满分16分)AMost people agree that honesty is a good thing.But does Mother Nature agree?Animals can’t talk,but can they lie in other ways?Can they lie with their bodies and behaviors?Animal experts may not call it lying,but they do agree that many animals,from birds to chimpanzees,behave dishonestly to fool other animals.Why?Dishonesty often helps them survive.Many kinds of birds are very successful at fooling other animals.For example,a bird called the plover sometimes pretends to be hurt in order to protect its young.When a predator(猎食动物)gets close to its nest,the plover leads the predator away from the nest.How?It pretends to have a broken wing.The predator follows the “hurt” adult,leaving the baby birds safe in the nest.Another kind of bird,the scrub jay,buries its food so it always has something to eat.Scrub jays are also thieves.They watch where others bury their food and steal it.But clever scrub jays seem to know when a thief is watching them.So they go back later,unbury the food,and bury it again somewhere else.Birds called cuckoos have found a way to have babies without doing much work.How?They don’t make nests.Instead,they get into other birds’ nests secretly.Then they lay their eggs and fly away.When the baby birds come out,their adoptive parents feed them.Chimpanzees,or chimps,can also be sneaky.After a fight,the losing chimp will give its hand to the other.When the winning chimp puts out its hand,too,the chimps are friendly again.But an animal expert once saw a losing chimp take the winner’s hand and start fighting again.Chimps are sneaky in other ways,too.When chimps find food that they love,such as bananas,it is natural for them to cry out.Then other chimps come running.But someclever chimps learn to cry very softly when they find food.That way,other chimps don’t hear them,and they don’t need to share their food.As is mentioned above,animals behave dishonestly for survival.Is it OK to lie for us human?(2015·福建永安质检)1.The writer uses the three questions at the beginning of the passage to .A.ask the readers to answer the questionsB.draw the readers’ attention to the topicC.seek answers to the questionsD.show he is at a loss about the questions2.Which of the following is not an example of animal’s dishonest behaviors?A.The plover pretended to have a broken wing to protect its baby birds.B.A scrub jay dug out its buried food and reburied it somewhere else.C.The adoptive parents feed their baby birds of cuckoos.D.A losing chimp starts fighting again after taking the winner’s hand.3.The underline d word “sneaky” in Paragraph 5 most probably means .A.selfishB.friendlyC.entertainingD.dishonest4.What is the common reaction of most chimps when they find their favorite food?A.They let out a loud cry.B.They cry in a very low voice.C.They hide their food immediately.D.They share their food with other chimps.【文章大意】本文是说明文。

Unit 2 Robots一、刷黑板——词汇全听写先过识记默写关Ⅰ.阅读词汇(英译汉)[第一屏听写]1．household adj.家庭的；家用的n. 一家人；家庭2．fiction n. 小说；虚构或想象出来的事3．bonus n. 额外津贴；奖金；红利4．apron n. 围裙5．scan vt.细看；仔细检查；粗略地看；浏览；扫描[第二屏听写]6．haircut n．发型；理发7．cushion n. (坐、跪时用的)软垫；靠垫；垫子8．necklace n. 项链9．counter n. 柜台；计数器10．armchair n. 扶手椅；单座沙发11．cuisine n. 烹饪(风味)；菜肴12．mailbox n. (美)邮筒；信箱[第三屏听写]13．holy adj.神的；上帝的；圣洁的14．biography n. (由他人撰写的)传记；传记文学15．biochemistry n. 生物化学16．chapter n. (书中的)章；篇；回17．theoretical adj.理论(上)的；假设的18．framework n. 框架；结构19．digital adj.数字的；数码的；手指的；脚趾的Ⅱ.高频词汇(汉译英)[第四屏听写]1．desire n．渴望；欲望；渴求vt.希望得到；想要2．satisfaction n. 满意；满足；令人满意的事物3．alarm vt.使警觉；使惊恐；惊动n. 警报；惊恐4．alarmed adj.担心的；害怕的[第五屏听写]5．sympathy n．同情(心)6．overweight adj.超重的；体重超常的7．favour n. 喜爱；恩惠vt.喜爱；偏袒8．clerk n. 售货员；职员；旅馆接待员9．pile n. 堆；摞；叠vi.堆起；堆积vt.把……堆起；积聚[第六屏听写]10．absurd adj.荒谬的；可笑的11．accompany vt.陪伴；伴奏12．awful adj.极坏的；极讨厌的；可怕的；(口语)糟透的13．affair n. 事务；事情；暧昧关系14．declare vt.宣布；声明；表明；宣称15．envy vt.忌妒；羡慕[第七屏听写]16．thinking n．思想；思考17．elegant adj.优雅的；高雅的；讲究的18．aside adv. 在一边；向一边19．grand adj.大的；豪华的；雄伟的20．receiver n. 收件人；接收机；电话听筒21．affection n. 喜爱；爱；感情22．bound adj.一定的；密切相关的[第八屏听写]23．part­time adj.兼职的24．staff n. 全体员工；手杖25．navy n. 海军；海军部队26．junior adj.较年幼的；资历较浅的；地位较低的n. 年少者；晚辈；等级较低者27．talent n. 天才；特殊能力；才干[第九屏听写]28．divorce n．离婚；断绝关系vt.与……离婚；与……脱离29．obey vt.&vi.服从；顺从30．disobey vt.&vi.不服从；违抗31．assessment n. 评价；评定32．test_out 考验出；检验完33．ring_up 给……打电话[第十屏听写]34．turn_around 转身；翻转35．leave_..._alone 不管；别惹；让……一个人待着；和……单独在一起36．set_aside 将……放在一边；为……节省或保留(钱或时间)37．in_all 一共；总计38．be_bound_to 一定做……二、刷清单——热身自盘点再过基本应用关(一)核心单词(二)常用短语(三)经典句式一、过重点单词——纵引横联超人一点1．desire n ．渴望；欲望；渴求 vt.希望得到；想要[教材原句] Do you think it is possible for a robot to have its own needs and desires ?你认为机器人有可能有自己的需求和愿望吗？①The second st age of my program is to recruit (招募) high school students who have a strong desire to_help (help) pupils in poor areas.②I desire_to_contact (contact) him for some suggestions on improving my listening.③She has a strong desire for knowledge and wants to go to college very much.④We desire that immediate help (should)_be_given (give) to the local villagers who have been trapped by the flood.⑤The teacher desired the children to_listen (listen) to him carefully.[名师指津] desire不用于进行时态。

人教版高三英语一轮复习单元巩固提升选修7 Unit 2 RobotsⅠ.单词拼写1．We always ________ (渴望；渴求) to live in peace with our neighbours.答案：desire2．The singer was ________ (伴奏) on the piano by her sister.答案：accompanied3．I have a lot of ________ (同情) for him；he brought up his two children on his own.答案：sympathy4．When they asked him for his opinion，he ________ (声明) strongly against the policy.答案：declared5．________ (离婚) is on the increase nowadays in our country.答案：Divorce6．His sister is an ________(高雅的)artist.答案：elegant7．Soldiers are expected to ________ (遵守) orders without questioning them.答案：obey8．Much to his ________ (满意)，we finished the work ahead of time.答案：satisfaction9．Environmentalists are ________ (惊恐的) by the dramatic increase in pollution.答案：alarmed10．To their disappointment，their father never showed them much ________ (爱；感情)．答案：affectionⅡ.完成句子1．________ ________ ________，or you'll break it.别碰它，否则你会把它弄坏的。

Unit 2 Robots(一)课前自主学习Ⅰ.阅读单词——————知其意1．fiction n． 小说；虚构或想象出来的事2.overweight adj.[纵联 1]超重的；体重超常的3.elegant adj.[纵联 2]优雅的；高雅的；讲究的4．scan vt.细看；仔细检查；粗略地看；浏览；扫描5．absurd adj.荒谬的；可笑的6．awful adj.极坏的；极讨厌的；可怕的；(口语)糟透的7．affair n.事务；事情；暧昧关系8．cuisine n.菜肴；烹饪(风味)9．grand adj.大的；豪华的；雄伟的10．biography n.(由他人撰写的)传记；传记文学11．navy n.海军；海军部队12．chapter n.(书中的)章；篇；回13．thinking n.思想；思考Ⅱ.重点单词——————写其形1．desiren.渴望；欲望；渴求vt.希望得到；想要2.bonusn.[纵联 3]奖金；额外津贴；红利；额外收获3．sympathyn.同情(心)4．pile_ n.堆；摞；叠vi.堆起；堆积vt.把……堆起；积聚5．envyvt.忌妒；羡慕6．affectionn.喜爱；爱；感情7．bound_ adj.一定的；密切相关的8．part­timeadj.兼职的9．junior_ adj.较年幼的；资历较浅的；地位较低的n.年少者；晚辈；等级较低者10．staffn.全体员工；手杖11．divorcen.vt.[纵联 4]与…离…婚离；婚断；绝与关…系…脱离 Ⅲ.拓展单词——————通其变1．satisfaction n．满意；满足；令人满意的事物→satisfyvt.使满足；使满意→satisfyingadj.令人满意的→satisfiedadj.满意的2．alarm vt.使警觉；使惊恐；惊动 n.警报；惊恐→alarmed_ adj.担心的；害怕的→alarmingadj.使人害怕的；扰乱人心的3．favour n．喜爱；恩惠 vt.喜爱；偏袒→favourable_ adj.赞成的；有利的→favouriteadj.最喜爱的4．accompany vt.陪伴；伴奏→companyn．陪伴；伴随→companion_ n．伙伴；伴侣；同伴5．declare vt.宣布；声明；表明；宣称→declarationn．宣言；公布6．talent n．天才；特殊能力；才干→talentedadj.有才能的[纵联 5]7．obey vt.& vi.服从；顺从→disobeyvt.& vi.不服从；违抗8．assessment n．评价；评定；评估→assessvt.评价；评定；估价；估定纵联 1.凡事不可过度(over­) ①overweight adj.超重的　②overload vt.超载 ③overwork vt.& vi.工作过度④overeat vi.吃得过饱 ⑤overvalue vt.高估⑥overuse vt.过度使用⑦overconfident adj.过度自信的⑧overdraw vt. 透支 纵联 2.令人佩服的优良“品质” ①elegant 高雅的②mature 成熟的 ③sensible 明智的④selfless 无私的 ⑤modest 谦虚的⑥noble 高贵的 ⑦generous 慷慨大方的⑧determined 坚定的 纵联 3.“奖金利润”咱都要！ ①bonus 红利；奖金②profit 利润 ③interest 利息④award 奖；奖金 ⑤prize 奖；奖项 纵联 4.“婚姻”词汇知多少 ①divorce n．离婚②marry v．结婚 ③marriage n．婚姻④wedding n．婚礼 ⑤bridegroom n．新郎⑥bride n．新娘 纵联 5.“天才”这边看过来 ①talent n．天才；才干②talented adj.有才能的 ③gift n．天才；才能④gifted adj.有天赋的 ⑤genius n．天才；天赋单元话题——机器人科技 子话题 1　机器人相关技术 ①chip n．芯片②artificial adj.人工的 ③intelligence n. 智能④programme n．程序 ⑤function n．功能⑥develop v．研发；开发 ⑦application n．应用程序⑧automatic adj.自动的 ⑨control v．控制⑩model n．模型 子话题 2　机器人开发和研究①analyze v．分析②observe v．观测；观察 ③explore v．探索④solve v．解决 ⑤simplify v．简化⑥equip v．装备；配备 ⑦create v．创造⑧invent v．发明 ⑨inspire v．鼓舞；启示⑩research n．&v.研究[学考对接·活学活用] 高考采撷(一)　阅读中的词汇应用 1．(2018·浙江高考语法填空)Few people I know seem to have much desire❶ or time to cook.Making Chinese dishes❶ is seen as especially troublesome ... While regularly eating out seems to have become common for many young people in recent years, it's not without a cost.The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be affordable but doing this most days adds up.There could be an even higher cost on your health.Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in weight❶ problems. ①句中 desire 的词性为：名词，意为：欲望；其他表示“渴望”的名词还有 hunger, eager, thirst ②写出加彩单词在本单元的近义词：cuisine ③写出 weight 在本单元的派生词：overweight，意为“超重的” 2． (2011·天 津 高 考 阅 读 D)Blessed is the person willing to act on their sudden desire❶ (create) something unique.Think of the movies, books, teachers, and friends that have affected❶ you most deeply.They touched you because their creations were motivated by inspiration, not desperation.The world is changed not by those who do what has been done before them, but by those who do what has been done inside them.Creative people have an endless resource of ideas.The problem a creator faces is not running out of material; it is what to do with all the material knocking at the door of imagination. Study your role models, accept the gifts❶ they have given, and leave behind what does not serve you.Then you can say, “I stand on the shoulders of my ancestors' tragedies and declare victory, and know that they are cheering me on.” ①用 create 的适当形式填空：to_create②写出 affect 在本单元的同根名词：affection③写出加彩单词在本单元的近义词：_talent高考采撷(二)　写作中的词汇应用(根据汉语及提示词翻译句子)1．(2018·天津高考书面表达)得知你在设计机器人方面颇有天赋，我很想邀请你前来参加。