下载文档原格式
译文赏析1.乔伊斯The Dead 段落赏析该段落选自20世纪意识流小说大师詹姆斯·乔伊斯的短篇小说集《都柏林人》中的最后，也是最重要的一篇---《死者》（The Dead）.这篇小说惯用意识流的手法，以生动、准确、朴实的语言，细腻地体现出乔伊斯关于生死的思考。
The Dead 是乔伊斯长篇小说《都柏林人》的最后一篇，也可是说是压轴篇。
文章讲述的是雪夜窗前突然痛苦绝望的Gabriel，对真爱、深思的感悟与思考。
乔伊斯仿佛在通过Gabriel向我们讲述着他的一生。
看了该段落后，又细读了该段数次，个人感觉有种想看全小说的冲动。
因为乔伊斯的意识流手法运用娴熟，结合对生与死的感悟，很容易让人有所感触。
但要想将小说里的意识流淌、深析、思想剖析翻译好，并不容易。
我尝试译出了该节选段落的大部分，因此会结合已有的大家译文和自己的译文对该节选段落的原译文进行赏析。
以下是自己的部分译文：房间里的空气让他的两肩感到寒冷。
他小心翼翼地钻进被窝，躺在妻子旁边。
他们都将一个接一个的变成幽灵。
最好在年少热情鼎盛的时刻勇敢的进入到那个世界，而不要随着年华的逝去而逐渐暗淡。
他在想，躺在旁边的妻子为何多年以来一直牢记她的情人告诉她说她不想活时的眼睛的样子。
大量的泪水涌入了加里布埃尔的眼睛。
他从来没有对任何一个女人有过这种感觉。
但他肯定这就是爱的感觉。
泪水逐渐蒙住了双眼，透过泪水，他似乎看到一个年轻人站在雨后的树下。
其他的影像也越来越近。
他的灵魂已经到达已逝的生命的栖息地。
他能意识到，但不能理解他们毫无规则、忽闪忽现的存在方式。
他自己也正在向一个无形的灰色世界滑去。
这是一个坚不可摧的世界，在那里，那些死去的人曾一度在此成长、在此生活过，而如今正在消亡，正在溶解。
微弱的光亮透过窗户玻璃照进了房间，吸引他向窗外看去，外面又开始下起了雪。
他看着窗外的雪花、银白色或暗色的雪花，在路灯的照射下斜斜地飘落。
到了他该动身去西方旅行的时候了。
美文-译文欣赏-初雪First Snow Jonathan Nicholas初雪（乔纳森尼古拉斯）He wasn't sure what had awakened him. Perhaps the child had made some small noise in her sleep. But as he peeked from beneath the covers, his gaze was drawn not to the cradle but to the window.他不清楚是什么吵醒了他，也许是孩子在睡梦中所发出的细小响动声吧。
他在被子里向孩子的摇篮望去，目光却被窗子吸引了过去。
It was then that he realized what had sneaked through the shield of his slumbers. It was the sense of falling snow.这时他明白了，是飘雪的气息溜入了他的梦境。
Quietly, so as not to disturb the child's mother, he rose from the bed and inched toward the cradle. Reaching down, he gently lifted the warm bundle to his shoulder. Then, as he tiptoed from the bedroom, she lifted her head, opened her eyes and - daily dose of magic - smiled up at her dad.为了不吵醒孩子的母亲，他轻轻的从床上下来，悄悄的走向摇篮，俯下身子，小心的将孩子抱起。
他踮着脚从卧室走出来那时，她睁开了眼睛，抬起小脑袋，向她父亲露出醉人的笑颜。
英语作文 First Snow导语：当你醒来发现自己在另一个完全不同的世界，这会不会是一件神奇的事情!下面是yuwenmi为大家的优秀英语，欢送阅读与借鉴，谢谢!The first fall of snow is not only an event but it is a magical event. You go to bed in one kind of world and wake up to find yourself in another quite different, and if this is not enchantment, then where is it to be found?The very stealth, the eerie quietness, of the thing makes it more magical. Ifall the snow fell at once in one shattering crash, awakening us in the middle of the night the event would be robbed of its wonder. But it flutters down, soundless, hour after hour while we are asleep. Outside the closed curtains of the bedroom a vast transfbrmation scene is takiag place, just as if a myriad elves and brownies were at work, and we turn and yawn and stretch and know nothing about it. And then, what an extraordinary change it is! It is as if the house continent. Even the inside, which has not been touched, seemsdifferent, every room appearing smaller and cosier, just as if some power were trying to turn it into a woodcutter’s hut or a snug logcabin. Outside, where the garden was yesterday, there is now a white and glistening level, and the village beyond is no longer your own familiar clusterof roofs but a village in an old German fairy-tale.You would not be surprised to learn that all the people there, the speetacled postmistress, the cobbler, theretired school master, and the rest, had suffered a change too and had bee queer elvish beings, purveyors of invisible caps and magic shoes. You yourselves do not feel quite the same people you were yesterday. How could you not when so much has been changed? There is a curious stir, a little shiver of excite-ment, troubling the house, not unlike the feeling there is abroad when a journey has to be made. The children, of course, are all excitement but even the adults hang about and talk to one another longer than usual before setting down to the day’s work. Nobody can resist the windows. It is like being on board a ship.。
The First Snow—Henry LongfellowThe first snow came. How beautiful it was, falling so silently all day long, all night long, on the mountains，on the meadows, on the roofs of the living, on the graves of the dead. All white save the river, that marked its course by a winding black line across the landscape; and the leafless trees, that against the leaden sky now revealed more fully the wonderful beauty and intricacies of their branches. What silence, too, came with the snow, and what seclusion! Every sound was muffled, every noise changed to some thing soft and musical. No more tramping hoofs, no more rattling wheels. Only the chiming of sleigh(雪橇)-bells, beating as swift and merrily as the hearts of children.初雪飘临，静美如斯，日夜不息，山川草木，屋椽茔冢，一片洁白/银装素裹。
阔野之中，唯余溪流，逶迤前行，枯木虬枝，灰黑天幕，愈显虬枝峥嵘/纵横。
初雪，何其沉静又何其寂寥！万籁俱静/寂，了无声息，似作轻音辽远。
01The First SnowHenry Wadsworth LongfellowThe first snow came. How beautifully it was, falling so silently, all day long, all night long, on the mountains, on the meadows, on the roofs of the living, on the graves of the dead! All white save the river, that marked its course by a winding black line across the landscape, and the leafless trees, that against the leaden sky now revealed more fully the wonderful beauty and intricacies of their branches. What silence, too, came with the snow, and what seclusion! Every sound was muffled, every noise changed to something soft and musical. No more tramping hoofs, no more rattling wheels! Only the chiming of sleigh-bells, beating as swift and merrily as the hearts of children.初雪亨利·沃兹沃思·朗费罗初雪飘临。
多么美啊！它整日整夜那么静静地飘着，落在山岭上，落在草地上，落在世人的屋顶上，落在死者的坟墓上！在一片白茫茫之中，只有河流在美丽的画面上划出一道曲曲弯弯的黑线；还有那叶儿落净的树木，映衬着铅灰色的天空，此刻更显得枝丫交错，姿态万千。
经典优美英语散文：FirstSnow初雪“不知庭霰今朝落，疑是林花昨夜开。
”诗人王维在百年前便用优美的诗句记录下了雪幽然的特点，它总是隐蔽沉静的下落，让大地银装素裹，给人以惊喜，尤为初雪最甚。
初雪来临的时候，有人在漫天飞舞的雪花中欢呼雀跃，恨不能随之飞舞;也有孩童迫不及待地冲出家门，想用初雪堆砌冬天第一个雪人;也有人望着落于手心，慢慢融化的雪花，神情恬淡而飘缈;亲爱的，你是怎样迎接每一场初雪的?This morning, when I first caught sight of the unfamiliar whitened world, I could not help wishing that we had snow oftener, that English winters were more wintry.今天早上，当我第一次看见这个陌生的银白色的世界时，我不禁衷心希望这里能够多下几场雪，这样我们英国的冬天才能更增添几分冬天的味道。
How delightful it would be, I thought, to have months of clean snow and a landscape sparkling with frost instead of innumerable grey featureless days of rain and raw winds.我想，如果我们这里经常是个冰雪积月、霜华璀璨的景象，而不是像现在这种苦雨凄风永无尽期的阴沉而乏特色的日子，那该多么令人喜悦啊!I began to envy my friends in such places as the Eastern States of America and Canada, who can count upon a solid winter every year and know that the snow will arrive by a certain date and will remain, without degenerating into black slush, until Spring is close at hand. T o have snow and frost and yet a clear sunny sky and air as crisp as a biscuit - this seemed to me happiness indeed.于是我羡慕起那些居住在美国东部各州和加拿大的我的友人们，他们那里年年都能出现一个像样的冬天，都能说得出降雪的确切日期，并能保证，直至大地春回之前，那里的`雪绝无退化为黑色泥浆的可能。
从文学翻译的角度赏析《第一场雪》摘要：《第一场雪》（First Snow）是乔纳森·尼科拉斯(Jonathan Nicholas)的作品，这篇文章既描写了冬日美丽的雪景，又刻画了孩子们雪中嬉闹的场景，写景又不仅仅是景色描写，以景入情，体现了作者对女儿疼爱有加的深厚感情，本文从原文和译文两个角度对这篇文章进行对比赏析。
关键词：乔纳森·尼科拉斯，《第一场雪》，赏析1.原文赏析《第一场雪》是乔纳森·尼科拉斯的作品，以描写初雪为背景，介绍了冬日初雪的场景，但这篇文章和我们所熟悉的朗费罗的《初雪》还是有区别的，朗费罗的作品更侧重于景色描写，体现的是自然美，而乔纳森·尼科拉斯的作品则从雪和女儿入手，全文十三个小段，其中第1、3、4、14段是对主人公和小女儿的描写；第2、6、7段描写了冬日初雪景象；第5、8、9、11、12段描写了初雪的街道、玩雪的孩子和热闹的邻家景象。
既包括对冬日雪景的赞美，又细致地描写了孩子们在雪中嬉闹以及街道、邻居家的场景，通篇穿插地讲述了主人公对小女儿疼爱有加的种种情愫。
作者无论是对主人公和女人的直接描写，还是对雪景、街道、邻家的间接描写，都是想表达主人公对女儿的浓浓的情愫和绵绵的情谊，直抒胸臆地情真意切，侧面描写地入情入景。
下面从节奏美、修辞美、感知美、形象美、意蕴美、宁静美六个方面欣赏这篇文章的英文原文。
1.1节奏美节奏是文学作品的基本要求，但是诗歌题材更加突出，本篇文章也注重节奏的美感，比如：A porch light came on......A television flickered. （A+名词+动词）They rolled in it......at one another. （ they+动词+it 运用排比节奏，语音修辞，充满节奏感。
）另外，文章也通过长短句的变化以及节奏感，突出表现主题：Across the street......to rolling in the snow. 短长句的变换，给读者以节奏感的冲击。
三一文库（）〔First Snow英语作文欣赏〕The first fall of snow is not only an event but itis a magical event. You go to bed in one kind of worldand wake up to find yourself in another quite different,and if this is not enchantment, then where is it to befound?The very stealth, the eerie quietness, of the thingmakes it more magical. Ifall the snow fell at once inone shattering crash, awakening us in the middle of thenight the event would be robbed of its wonder. But itflutters down, soundless, hour after hour while we are asleep. Outside the closed curtains of the bedroom avast transfbrmation scene is takiag place, just as ifa myriad elves and brownies were at work, and we turnand yawn and stretch and know nothing about it. And then,what an extraordinary change it is! It is as if the house continent. Even the inside, which has not been touched,第1页共3页seems different, every room appearing smaller andcosier, just as if some power were trying to turn itinto a woodcutters hut or a snug logcabin. Outside,where the garden was yesterday, there is now a whiteand glistening level, and the village beyond is nolonger your own familiar cluster of roofs but a villagein an old German fairy-tale.You would not be surprised to learn that all the people there, the speetacled postmistress, the cobbler,the retired school master, and the rest, had suffereda change too and had become queer elvish beings,purveyors of invisible caps and magic shoes. Youyourselves do not feel quite the same people you were yesterday. How could you not when so much has been changed? There is a curious stir, a little shiver ofexcite-ment, troubling the house, not unlike thefeeling there is abroad when a journey has to be made.The children, of course, are all excitement but eventhe adults hang about and talk to one another longerthan usual before setting down to the days work. Nobodycan resist the windows. It is like being on board a ship.23。
First SnowGilean Douglas初雪吉丽安·道格拉斯著One evening I look out the window of my secluded cabin, and there are soft languid flakes falling in the golden lamplight. They fall all night, while the voice of the Teal River becomes more and more hushed and the noises of the forest die away. By dawn, the whole world of stream and wood and mountain has been kindled to a white flame of beauty.一天晚上，从我那僻静的小木屋朝窗外望去，金黄的灯光中只见柔软的雪花正纷纷扬扬地飘洒。
雪下了整整一夜，奔腾的梯尔河渐渐沉寂，热闹的森林也不再喧嚣。
黎明时分，溪流河谷、树木山峰都已是银装素裹，分外妖娆。
I go out in the early morning and there is such silence that even breath is a profanation. The mountain to the north has a steel-blue light on it, and to the west the sky still holds something of the darkness of the night. To the east and the south a faint pink is spreading. I look up and see the morning star keeping white watch over a white world.一大早我便走到屋外，雪后的世界是如此静谧，即使是最轻微的呼吸也会破坏这周遭的宁静。
第一场雪THE FIRST SNOW大学英语作文The first snow came. How beautiful it was, falling so silently all day long, all night long, on the mountains, on the meadows, on the roofs of the living, on the graves of the dead! All white save the river, that marked its course by a winding black line across the landscape; and the leafless trees, that against the leaden sky now revealed more fully the wonderful beauty and intricacies of their branches. What silence, too, came with the snow, and what seclusion! Every sound was muffled, every noise changed to something soft and musical. No more tramping hoofs, no more rattling wheels! Only the chiming of the sleigh-bells, beating as swift and merrily as the hearts of children.第一场雪来了。
它是多么美丽啊，静静的日夜下着，在山间，在草地，在屋顶上的生活，在死者的坟墓上!所有白色的雪拯救了河流，一道曲曲弯弯的黑线在那整个画面上划出了记号，叶儿落光的树木的枝杈映衬着铅灰色天空显得更加的美丽和错综复杂。
第一场雪
每年的第一场雪不仅格外引人注目，而且还特别神奇。
当你准备去睡的时候，外面的一切还毫无动静；可你醒来时却发现自己已然置身于一个截然不同的世界。
如果这还算不得神奇，那神奇该往何处寻觅？它的神神秘秘，它的悄然而至，更是增添了这份神奇。
倘若全部的雪都轰轰烈烈地一次性落下，将人们从半夜睡梦中惊醒，那么，它的神奇也就被剥夺殆尽了。
可是，它偏偏是在人们熟睡的时候，无声无息地，不停不歇地，飘飘而然地——落了下来。
拉紧了窗帘的卧室外面，一场规模空前的换景工程正在进行，好像有无数的精灵和仙童在为此奔波忙碌；当我们翻身起床，打着呵欠，伸着懒腰时，对外面的一切还全然不知。
突然，最最奇妙的变化出现了——仿佛你连同你的房子被人扔在了白茫茫的南极大陆！
就算在室内这个初雪未曾触碰的地方，一切也突然变得格外不同了：每个房间好像变得更小、更舒适了，仿佛有某种力量要将它变成樵夫住的那种柴房或是一间舒适的小木屋。
外面，昨天的小花园如今已是白茫茫的一片；远处的村落也不再是那些你熟悉的层层屋顶，而仿佛成了德国远古神话里的小村庄。
此时此刻，外面的景色又变了。
轻柔的雪花，纷纷扬扬，越下越大，已很难看清村庄对面的小山谷了。
房顶上是厚厚的积雪，树木也被压弯了腰；一片灰蒙蒙中，村里教堂屋顶上那依然朦胧可见的风向标，现在仿佛成了安徒生童话里的一个小生灵；从书房里，我看到儿童室的孩子们一个个将鼻子和脸紧贴在窗玻璃上；此时，我的脑海里又响起了儿时那首反复吟唱跑调的儿歌。
那时候的我也是将鼻子和小脸紧贴在冰冷的窗玻璃上，一边看着外面飘舞的雪花，一边唱着那首跑调的儿歌。
2021年40期总第584期ENGLISH ON CAMPUS【摘要】系统功能语法认为，人类语言包含概念功能、人际功能和语篇功能。
其中，概念功能是人们在现实世界表达各种经历的功能。
及物性系统是概念功能中的核心内容。
本文分析了短文《第一场雪》的及物性，向读者展示该语篇的魅力所在，并对比分析了《第一场雪》的两个译本，认为当译文与原文的及物系统相似时，译文能够更忠实地反映原文内容和作者的思想。
【关键词】《第一场雪》；系统功能语法；及物性；及物系统【作者简介】汤素芹(1985.10.01-)，女，汉族，广东广州人，广州华商职业学院，讲师，本科，研究方向：翻译理论与实践。
一、 前言《第一场雪》(First Snow)是乔纳森·尼可拉斯(Johnathan Nicholas)写的一篇短文。
从为数不多的资料可知，这篇文章原载美国杂志《读者文摘》。
尽管知名度不高，但因言辞优美、文笔娴熟，这篇文章常常作为翻译课堂、阅读理解、文学赏析等的学习材料。
一篇名不见经传的文本能够得到如此广泛的传播，其原因值得我们探究。
本文拟分析《第一场雪》描写雪的选段，让读者领略原文的美并通过两个译本的对比浅谈及物性分析在翻译中的指导作用。
二、 系统功能语法和及物系统系统功能语法由语言学家韩礼德(M.A.K. Halliday)在20世纪50年代提出。
系统功能语法认为，任何一个语篇都是通过语言的概念功能、人际功能、语篇功能来表达意义的。
概念功能表达人们在现实世界的各种经历；人际功能表达讲话者的身份、地位、动机，讲话者利用该功能建立和维持一定的社会关系；语篇功能指的是语言成分组成为语篇的功能。
及物性是概念功能的核心内容，是描述小句的系统。
由于概念功能用于描述人类活动和自然界各种事件，所以进行及物性分析就会涉及行为的不同过程。
功能语法将这些过程分为物质、心理、关系、言语、行为、存在六种过程。
物质过程指具体动作的过程，参与者包括行事者和目标；心理过程表现心理活动的经过，主要包括感知者和现象；关系过程可以用来表达事物的属性、识别关系和占有关系；言语过程是说话者向接收者传达说话内容的过程；行为过程主要指人的生理和心理活动；存在过程表示事物的存在。
英语时文阅读之2021年的第一场雪（含国内外名作双语文章）雪Snow鲁迅Lu Xun（杨宪益、戴乃迭译）暖国的雨，向来没有变过冰冷的坚硬的灿烂的雪花。
The rain of the south has never congealed into icy, glittering snowflakes.博识的人们觉得他单调，他自己也以为不幸否耶？Men who have seen the world consider this humdrum; does the rain, too, think it unfortunate?江南的雪，可是滋润美艳之至了；那是还在隐约着的青春的消息，是极壮健的处子的皮肤。
The snow south of the Yangtze is extremely moist and pretty, like the first indefinable intimation of spring, or the bloom of a young girl radiant with health.雪野中有血红的宝珠山茶，白中隐青的单瓣梅花，深黄的磬口的蜡梅花；雪下面还有冷绿的杂草。
In the snowy wilderness are blood-red camellias, pale, white plum blossom tinged with green, and the golden, bell-shaped flowers of the winter plum; while beneath the snow lurk cold green weeds.胡蝶确乎没有；蜜蜂是否来采山茶花和梅花的蜜，我可记不真切了。
Butterflies there are certainly none, and whether or no bees come to gather honey from the camellias and plum blossom I cannot clearly remember.但我的眼前仿佛看见冬花开在雪野中，有许多蜜蜂们忙碌地飞着，也听得他们嗡嗡地闹着。
frist snow/初雪John Boynton PriestleyMr. Robert Lynd once remarked of Jane Austen´sl characters: “They are people in whose lrves a slight fall of snow is an event.” Even at the risk of appearing to this witty2 and genial critic as another Mr. Woodhouse3, I must insist that last night´s fall of snow here was an event. I was nearly as excited about it this morning as the children, whom I found all peering through4 the nursery window at the magic outside and chattering as excitedly as if Christmas had suddenly come round again. It was the first fall we have had here this winter.The first fall of snow is not only an event but it is a magical event. Y ou go to bed in one kind of world and wake up to find yourself in another quite different, and ifthis is not enchantment, then where is it to be found? The very stealth5, the odd quietness, of the thing makes it more magical. If all the snow fell at once in one shattering crash, awakening us in the middle of the night the event would be robbed of its wonder. But it flutters down6, soundless, hour after hour while we are asleep. Outside the closed curtains ofthe bedroom a vast transformation scene is taking place, just as if a myriad7 elves and brownies8 were at work, and w e turn and yawn9 and stretch and know nothing about it. And then, what an extraordinary change it is! It is as if the house you are in had been dropped down in another continent. Even the inside, which has not been touched, seems different, every room appearing smaller and cosier, just as if some powers were trying to turn it罗伯特·林德曾这样评论简·奥斯汀笔下的人物：“那是些在他们的生活里一场小雪就是一件大事的人。
