2012年考研英语Text4阅读逐句分析
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2013年考研英语Text4阅读逐句分析
If the trade unionist Jimmy Hoffa were alive today, he would
probably
representcivil servants. When Hoffa’s Teamsters were in their prime
in 1960, only one in ten American government workers belonged to a union;
now
36% do. In 2009 the number of unionists in America’s public sector passed that
of their fellow members in the private sector. In Britain, more than half of
public-sector workers but only about 15% of private-sector ones are unionized.
36. It can be learned from the first paragraph that _________.
[A] Teamsters still have a large body of members
[B] Jimmy Hoffa used to work as a civil servant
[C] unions have enlarged their public-sector membership
[D] the government has improved its relationship with unionists
单词&词组搭配
• represent [ˌreprɪˈzent]（出现6次）v.代表，象征，维护...的利益
• prime [praɪm]（出现3次）adj.首先的，基本的；n.盛年，鼎盛时期
• civil servant（公务员）
• one in ten （十分之一）
• belong to（属于）
• public sector（公共部门）
• private sector（私有部门）
本段翻译
如果工会主义者吉米还活着的话，他很可能代表着公务员。吉米领导额卡车司机工会1960年全盛之时，仅百分之10的美国政府工作人员参加工会；如今这一比例为百分之36。09年美国公共部门中的工会会员人数已经超过私营部门中的会员人数。在英国，超过一半的公共部门雇员加入了工会，而私营部门仅为百分之15.
There are three reasons for the public-sector unions’ thriving. First, they can
shut things down without suffering much in the way of consequences. Second, they
are mostly
bright and well-educated. A quarter of America’s public-sector
workers have a university degree. Third, they now dominateleft-of-centre
politics. Some of their tiesgo back a long way. Britain’s Labor Party, as its
name implies, has long been associated with trade unionism. Its current leader,
Ed Miliband, owes his position to votes from public-sector unions.
37. Which of the following is true of Paragraph 2?
[A] Public-sector unions are prudent in taking actions.
[B] Education is required for public-sector union membership.
[C] Labor Party has long been fighting against public-sector unions.
[D] Public-sector unions seldom get in trouble for their actions.
单词&搭配
• thriving [ˈθraɪvɪŋ] v.兴旺发达
• bright [braɪt]（出现8次）adj.光亮的，聪明的
• dominate [ˈdɑːmɪneɪt]（出现8次）v.支配，控制 • tie（出现2次）n.关系，领带；v.捆
• current [ˈkɜːrənt]（出现11次）adj.目前的，通用的；n.电流，气流
• left-of-centre polics（中左政治）
• university degree（大学学历）
• go back a long way（由来已久）
• as its name implies（顾名思义）
• be associated with（与..有联系）
本段翻译
公共部门工会的持续壮大有三大原因。首先，他们可以举行罢工而无需承担太多后果。其次，他们大多头脑聪明且受过良好的教育。四分之一的美国公共部门雇员具有大学学历。第三，他们目前主导着中左政治。两者之间的一些关联可回溯到很久以前。英国工党，顾名思义，与工会主义渊源久远。工党现任领袖埃德能够荣登宝座，公共部门工会的选票功不可没。
At the state level their influence can be even more fearsome. Mark Baldassare
of the Public Policy
Institute of California points out that much of the
state’s budget is patrolled by unions. The teachers’ unions keep an eye
on schools, the CCPOA on prisons and a variety of labor groups on health care.
单词&词组
• fearsome [ˈfɪrsəm] adj.可怕的
• Institute [ˈɪnstɪtuːt]（出现9次）n.机构；v建立，实行
• budget [ˈbʌdʒɪt]（出现7次）n.预算；adj.价格低廉的
• patrol [pəˈtroʊl]（出现1次）v.巡逻，巡查
• prison [ˈprɪzn]（出现7次）n.监狱
• keep an eye on（密切留意）
• at the...level（在...层面）
本段翻译
从州级层面来看，公共部门工会的影响力甚至更为可怕。加利福尼亚政策研究所的马克指出，加州政府多数预算收到工会的监察。教师工会紧盯学校，加州监狱和平促进委员会看着监狱，而各种各样的劳工团体则监视这医疗保健部门。
In many rich countries average wages in the state sector are higher than in the
private one. But the real gains come in benefits and work practices. Politicians
have repeatedly “backloaded” public-sector pay deals, keeping the pay
increases modest but adding to holidays and especially pensions that are
already generous.
38. It can be learned from Paragraph 4 that the income in the state sector is
_________.
[A] illegally secured
[B] indirectly augmented
[C] excessively increased
[D] fairly adjusted
单词&词组
• backload v.回程转载
• modest [ˈmɑːdɪst]（出现5次）adj.些许的，不太大的，谦虚的 • pension [ˈpenʃn]（出现4次）n.退休金，养老金
• generous [ˈdʒenərəs]（出现1次）adj.慷慨的；[僻义]adj.大量的，丰富的
• work practice（工作体制）
• pay deal（薪酬）
• add to（增加）
• secure [sɪˈkjʊr]（出现7次）adj.稳固的；v.保护；[僻义] v.获得，实现（这个意思都第二次出现咯），抵押
• augment [ɔːɡˈment]（出现1次）v.提高，加强
• excessively [ɪkˈsɛsɪvli]（出现8次）adv.过度地，过分地
本段翻译
许多富裕国家公共部门的平均工资高于私营部门。但是实际收益源自福利和工作制度。政治家们一直在反复“变相提高”公共部门的薪酬：使工资保持低涨幅，却增加原本就已经丰厚的节假日，特别是退休金。
Reform has been vigorously
opposed, perhaps most notoriously in education,
where charter schools, academies and
merit pay all
faced drawn-out battles. Even though there is plenty of evidence that the
quality of the teachers is the most important variable, teachers’ unions
have fought againstgetting rid of bad ones and promoting good ones.
单词&搭配
• reform [rɪˈfɔːrm]（出现16次）v/n.改良，改革；[僻义] v.使...悔改
• vigorously [ˈvɪgərəsli]（出现1次）adv.精神旺盛地，强烈地
• oppose [əˈpoʊz]（出现14次）v.反对，抵制
• notoriously [nəʊ'tɔ:rɪəslɪ]（出现1次）adv/
声名狼藉地, 著名地
• charter [ˈtʃɑːrtər]（出现4次）n.宪章，许可状；v.给与....特权
• academy [əˈkædəmi]（出现4次）n.专科院校，协会，研究所
• drawn-out（合成词）款日持久的
• variable [ˈveriəbl]（出现3次）n.变量；adj.可变的
• promote [prəˈmoʊt]（出现12次）v.促进，推动，提升，促销
• merit pay（绩效工资）
•
be plenty of （大量）
• fight against（与……作斗争）
• get rid of（摆脱）
