全国高等教育自学考试英语二复习资料全

xx 年 4 月自学在即，下面为大家准备了最新自考英语(二)复习资料，希翼对大家的自考英语(二)考试有所匡助!1. weaken: v 削弱、减弱，字根： weak: a 虚弱的构词形式： adj/n + en 或者 en + adj/n =vShorten, enlarge, enable, enrich, loosen, tightec.2. nationwide: a 全国范围的，通过该词我们可以得到：worldwide:全世界范围的， regionwide, etc.3.legal: a 合法的，反义词： illegal,不合法的;legalize: v 使…合法化。

TheNetherlandsbecame the first country to legalize euthanasia.4. ensure: v 确保、担保，常见用法如下：1). The police can ensure the witness from danger.2). We can ensure that the work will be done intheright way.5. oppose: v 反对、对抗;名词： opposition, 形容词：opposed1). What he said was totally opposed to the facts.2). Many people oppose building a new highway becauseof the great cost.6. tradition: n 传统，由此可以联想到：traditional: a; traditionally: ad; 反义词为： modern1). Chinese medicine is believed to beeffective for many diseases.2). It's important to keep up the fine of plainliving and hard work.3). Christmas is a holiday for a family to gettogether.Answers: Traditional, tradition, traditionally7. consideration: n 考虑、体谅、照应，由此可以联想到：Consider: v 考虑;considerate: a 体谅的， be considerate of; considerable: a 相当多的。

• UNIT 1•重点单词和短语• objective accomplish predict accompany attain scheme skilledargue define• interview prospect• course of action in the way<by the way, in no way, in a way> make a guess atcontribute to and the like <and so on>• seek to do sth. in part point of view vary from…to …• apply for <to>• have no idea bring about take the trouble to do• put oneself in one’s place•to one’s advantage at a disadvantage ask for in hand turn down<up, on, off, out, over, back>•重点、难点句子详解• 1.A decision is a choice made from among alternative coursesof action that are available.•解析：courses of action意思是行动方案、做事步骤；made是过去分词；from among为二重介词•例：We’ll inform you as soon as tickets become _____.<06-4>• A. valuable B. capable C. acceptable D. available<D>•2. … some suggest that the mana gement process is decision making.•解析：suggest表示认为、提出、暗示意思,后面不用虚拟语气,表示建议意思,后面用虚拟语气.•例：It is suggested that the meeting <should> be held<hold>at some other time.•3. … decision making includes limiting alternatives as well as identifying them.•解析：as well as意思是既…又…• 4. In fact, I did have several questions, but you have already answered them all.•解析：助动词do在肯定句中用在动词之前表示强调,意思是确实.•5. … but do not let it worry you too much.•解析：动词let, make, have, hear, see, observe等词之后的宾语补足语为省略to 的不定式结构.•6. There is little likelihood that …•对比：There is a/ every/no likelihood that/of•例：The two sisters are ___ in many ways, not only in appearance but also intemperament.<06-4>• A. like B. likely C. alike D. lively <C>•• UNIT2•重点单词和短语• exert collapse shrink basis launch convince operaterevolve glitter unlikely <be likely to> whereasconcerned <be concerned about>plateau• in theory apply to depend on research intoswallow up make useof together with in every respect in other words consist of a greatmany under the circumstances make a difference aboveall as a rule• seek to do sth. in part point of view vary from…to …•例：I hope my boy friend will be handsome, strong and ___ kind. <06-4>• A. above all B. in all C. at all D. after all<A>•重点、难点句子详解• 1. Einstein claimed that matter and energy are interchangeable…•例：爱因斯坦声称物质和能量是可以相互转化的,因此没有绝对的时间和空间.<05-4-68>• 2. It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes.•例1：It is on Friday ___ we will hold the meeting.• A. that B. when C. in that time D. what <A>•例2: As a painter, Ted was very ___ about the colors he used.<03-10>• A. specific B. special C. peculiar D. particular <D>• 3. The earth is one of mine planets which move in orbit roundthe sun.•对比：The earth is the only one of the nine planets which haslife on it.• 4. The total water area is about three times as large as theland area.•解析：数词+times + as +形容词+as是表示倍数的表达法. •例：It is important to note that a reading of 4 indicates an earthquake ten times as strongas one with a reading of 3. <unit 6 text B>• 5. The more we learn about other people, the better we understand their ideas, and, as arule, the better we like those people themselves.•解析：the+比较级,the+比较级结构,意思是越…越…,第一个从句中谓语动词不用倒装,第二个从句谓语动词可以用倒装,也可以用正装语气.•例：___ we are, ___ we become.• A. the oldest; the wiser B. older; wiser• C. the older, the more wise D. the older; the wiser<D>• UNIT 3•重点单词和短语• deteriorate debate <on/upon> request ensure oppose<beopposed to> burden sensitive privilege appoint biasaccessible• recruit• be affected with carry out in addition to in this case open upcare for take into account have …at heart be sensitive to opt out offor short amount to• on <the> average compete with blame sb. for sth. by nature when itcomes to• be related to be worth doing••重点、难点句子详解• 1. It is very easy in society now for the elderly, the disabledand the dependent to feel thatthey are burdens.•例：It is important ___ there in time.• A. for you to get B. to you to get C. your getting D. of yougetting <A>•2. And it may be worth remembering that …•解析：be worth意思是值得,后面接名词、代词以与主动形式的动名词.• 3. Many people, though, are totally against the practice of euthanasia.•解析：Though是一个起连结性作用的副词,意思相当于however, but.•4. "Well, it’s not as if I’m planning to murder a crowd ofpeople with a machine gun.〞•解析：As if 引出的从句,谓语动词根据实际情况选择用虚拟语气形式还是一般陈述语气.•例：It seems as if it were spring now. 使用虚拟语气•• UNIT 4•重点单词和短语• domestic exploit campaign execute convict incidencedeserve• despite deport minimum maintenance guilt immigrantweed deny degrade inhumane civil liberty disaffectionargument circus•• bring over watch over in unison call up pay back up to a greatdeal of •be supposed to convict … of feel like protect …from • risk doing sth.• deal with according to be deserving of threatento do sth. agree to dosth.• distinguish from react to clean up•重点、难点句子详解• 1. And they can have their passports removed, making leaving or "escaping〞 virtuallyimpossible.•解析：making…是分词短语,表示结果,impossible做宾补.removed是过去分词作宾补,表示有完成和被动的含义.• 2. It is, they say, the right to change employers which distinguishes employment fromslavery.•解析：they say是插入语,本句是一个强调句式,which可以改成that,句子会更正式.• 3. Six out of every ten prisoners in chains are black, which is why the chain gangs call upimages of slavery in centuries gone by.•解析：数字+out of every+数字,意思是每…个中就有…个；which引导非限定性的定语从句修饰前面整个句子;gone by是分词短语修饰centuries 表示已经完成.• 4. What they will do is make prisoners more angry, more hostile…•解析：what引导的主语从句中带有实义动词do,表语不定式可以带to,也可以省略to.•• UNIT 5•重点单词和短语• folk transformation distinct sentiment originate spontaneoussynthesis• readily amplifier electronics studio penetrating therebyparticipate• multimedia live inspire invariably improvise constructivecreative• preliminary painstaking conception temper mold diversifiedconventional harmony evident• take over take on take up take over take place build out of inexistence• in a sense at a stretch serve as in advance forthe sake of be born• in fashion begin with it goes without saying that•重点、难点句子详解• 1. What happened, as well as it can be put into words, was this.•解析：第一个as 是副词,第二个as 是连词,well是副词修饰put,注意区别as wellas;•例: Those stories, as well as this boring one, have been told almost hundreds of times.• 2. Electronics did, in fact, make possible sounds that no instrument up to that time couldproduce.•解析：make是谓语动词,sounds that no instrument up to that time could produce是宾语,possible是宾补前置了,英语中有时为了句子结构的平衡,可对句子结构进行调整.• 3. It is difficult to summarize the composing methods of so diversified a group.•解析：so/too+形容词+a/an +名词以与such+a/an+形容词+名词是固定搭配,例如：He was not so big a fool as he looked.• 4. The creative act with Palestrina is not thematic conception so much as the personaltreatment of well-established pattern.•解析：not …so much as …意思是与其说…不如说…,不像…那么…• UNIT 6•重点单词和短语• efficiency appliance specific shade prevalent increasinglyswitch• defective spray personnel completion assemble cast reductioncritical• intensify warning precede speculate partial reliability forecastdecay• subside analyze shift• expose sth./sb. to to a degree convert …to/into prevent…from• in between• be responsible for in question differ from work on in that• plenty of•be capable of too …to be on the alert set up associate with• be involved in•重点、难点句子详解• 1. Thus, people who need to exert much energy in their work will find relaxation mostdesirable in leisure.•解析：exert oneself to do sth.意思是努力做某事；find+宾语+补语〔adj, -ing, -ed, 不定式,介词短语〕.• 2. Hence, it can be argued that the people with whom we come into contact in these various contexts are…•解析：It can be argued that…是以it作形式主语的被动语态结构,类似的还有：It issaid that, It is believed that, It is reported that, It is thought that; with whom …是介词+关系代词的限定性定语从句,修饰people. Come into contact with 与…接触• 3.It is not how much time you allocate for study that counts but how much you learnwhen you do study.•解析：这是一个强调句式,被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语、状语以与从句,可用that,which,who 引导.• 4.This will not only keep the study habit alive but also keep you up to date on your classassignments and projects.•解析：keep +宾语+adj.意思是使…保持某种状态；up to date 意思是最新的,切合目前情况的.•• UNIT 8•重点单词和短语• internal external overcome destination reset neutral feasibleproceeding• alarm promote interact fade duration moderate distractionexceptional• remedy productivity appreciate mislead typical• effect on blame sth. on sb.= blame sb. for sth. as fresh as paint now that• leave alone out of step in time a short cut come across due to attendto• fall apart be true of lack of at hand at once play a role in be faced with• account for to date= so far = up to now•重点、难点句子详解• 1. Confused? So was John Foster Dulles, the American Secretary of State.•解析：confused是are you confused?的省略句；当以So开头表示与前边情况类似的句子时,要用倒装语序.例如：My brother can speak French, so can my sister.• 2. It is not feasible to wait four days until the body is used to the new time zone.•解析：it是形式主语,真正的主语是不定式结构,until 与not 连用,翻译为直到…才,例如：Don’t open the door until the train stops.• 3. There is evidence , of course, that motivation plays an important role in overcoming theeffects of distractors and that there are considerable differences in …•解析：两个that引导的同位语从句,说明evidence;• UNIT 9•重点单词和短语• dependency upwards liability revision lengthenalter proportionappreciation acknowledge neglect esteem handle appropriatewithdraw• worthless•approximate to be classified as rather than in one’s thirties in terms of•take advantage of cope with no other …than look down on view as•exchange …for•例：It would be better to make a decision now, ___ leave it until next week. <06-4>• A. other than B. rather than C. less than D. more than B•重点、难点句子详解•1. …because lots of de pendent babies are more of a liability than numbers of the inactiveaged.•解析：be+of+名词,表示具有与该名词同源的形容词的性质.例: The girl is ofbeauty.= The girl is beautiful. A number of = numbers of表示一些、若干,谓语动词用复数the number of表示…的数目,谓语动词用单数.• 2. There is often resistance to the idea that it is because the birthrate fell earlier in Westernand Northwestern Europe than elsewhere, rather than becauseof any change in the deathrate, that we have grown so old.•解析：the idea后的that 引导同位语从句,同位语从句部分是一个it is …that …结构的强调句型,强调部分是原因状语从句；rather than意思是"而不是〞.• 3. Children need help understanding that their self-esteemand the self-esteem of thosethey interact with have a direct effect on each other.•解析：that引导的宾语从句,包含一个省略that的定语从句,they interact with修饰those; have an effect on/upon …对…有影响.• UNIT10•重点单词和短语• strategy representative democratic nominee certainty declinecongress• loyalty provision election stir pursue dominate competitoropposition• nominate collectively automatically contest assault •stand no chance of identify…as impact on either…or … draw away from• focus on lose sth. to sb. in number break up in the running in /out ofpower • in favor of come into power carry on a number of as a consequence of• as a result of break down•重点、难点句子详解• 1. Although presidential elections occur every 4 years.•解析：occur意思是发生,occur to 被想起,例如：An idea has occurred to me.• 2. In deciding whether to pursue a course of action, they try to estimate its likely impacton the voters.•解析：course of action 意思是行动方案；• 3. The advantage of the second party over the third is so great that it is the only party thatis likely to be able to overturn the party in power.•解析：have an advantage over …优于；so …that 如此…以至于引导结果状语从句,that 引导的状语从句中,包含一个that引导的定语从句.• 4. Usually the small parties collectively poll less than 5 per cent of the vote cast innational election.•解析：cast是过去分词.• UNIT 11•重点单词和短语• disorder irrelevant misleading simulate replace undergo negativeremark• relief deprive prevail delightful literal nevertheless touchingcontented• imperative devotion refine•do research into aim for take…for granted feel bitter at sacrifice to becentral to• do experiment on be irrelevant to bring out goings and comings at easeplea for• not<never> for a moment catch/seize hold of•例：你所说的与我们正在讨论的毫不相干.〔06-4〕•重点、难点句子详解• 1. The famous example of thalidomide is a case for more animal testing, not less.•解析：for意思是in favor of; support; case 案例、病例、实例•例：Doctors believe that bad nerves are the cause of sleeplessness in ninety-nine ___ outof a hundred.• A. examples B. events C. instances D. cases <D>• 2. When it comes to research into heart disease and its effects on the body, or disease ofthe brain for example, we do not have adequate substitutes for the use of animals.•解析：when it comes to是一个固定句型,意思是当谈到…的时候；substitute for意思是代替、替换,for 后面是被替换的对象；例如：Honey can substitute for sugar.• 3. Many other new techniques are now available that enable more research to be done inthe test tube…•解析：that 引导的是定语从句,修饰techniques; available 意思是可以应用、使用.• UNIT 12•重点单词和短语• symptom intellectual detail enhance initial confront sensitivitysurrounding character modest miserable administration respectivelyvolunteer identity primarily psychology undertake gamble• be contrary to put off be confronted with draw on dream of at seaimpress on•in reality let go of gaze on be aware of in one’s mind’s eye go overfree from•put aside=set aside be beneficial to add up to at one’s best influence on inturn• in general make a difference•例：1. With all this done, I have been freed <free> from all troubles and responsibilities.<05-4>• 2. Although she is very busy, Mum ___ some time every dayto read to us.• A. sets off B. sets for C. sets aside D. sets upC•重点、难点句子详解• 1. Not only are they less able to deal with the pressure of day-to-day existence, but also…•解析：not only放在句首,后面的谓语动词采取倒装形式.• 2. In another experiment at Yale University, Dr. Jerome found that daydreaming resultedin improved self-control and enhanced creative thinking ability. •解析：improved, enhanced都是过去分词做定语,修饰后面的名词词组；result in 意思是导致、结果是.• 3. "you can relate this to wakening psychology, where being alone leads to moreunhappiness.〞•解析：where翻译成在刚睡醒的状态下,引导定语从句修饰wakening psychology.• UNIT 13•重点单词和短语• compel voluntary coincide with eliminate subtle outrage tightenexcessive competition encounter series assembly disapproval response• at a guess go in for expect to do so far as sb. knows attitude towards take it easy• on and off put an end to expect sth. of sb. in return have an edge on/over• so long as apply oneself to at present on occasion sit down on in vain• with a view to•重点、难点句子详解• 1. because they can put their aggression into their work, be it physical like the work of asmith, or mental like the work of a scientist or an artist.•解析：be it…or…意思就是whether it is …or …,就是一个让步状语从句,省略引导词, be提前；参见教材166页,注释3.• 2. Since the bosses cannot do without profit, workers have an edge.•解析：do without没有也行；have an edge有优势.• 3. Most people not directly engaged in daily work express disapproval when they hear ofpeople working on and off.•解析：engaged in是过去分词短语,修饰people.• UNIT 14•重点单词和短语• device capture belonging convince suspectprofound wrathrestriction• illegal ban suicide indication eruption extentqueue flee pledgerejection• inflict• to no avail comment on convince sb. to do sth.deny sth. to sb. commitsuicide• cut off•重点、难点句子详解•1. That’s where her path crossed that of Michael LaSane, who, police say, wanted justsuch a car to celebrate his 17th birthday.•解析：where引导的是表语从句,cross one’s path意思是与某人相遇； that代指path.•2. He will not make a ___ on LaSane’s side of the conversation. <03-10>• A. statement B. reference C. comment D. note ©• 3. And it is this that inflicts the true terrible wound on South African society.•解析：这是一个强调句式,inflict sth. on sb. 使某人遭受打击、惩罚.• 4. The tensions are real, the threat of a violent eruption constant.•解析：the threat of a violent eruption后面省略了谓语动词is.• UNIT 15•重点单词和短语• sensible persist profusion logic evaluate ultimate obscure concreteconquer prolong proof possess expansion secondary promotiondiploma• award sociology establishment journalism diversity economics• pull down mistake for come to terms with end in reflect on come about• enable to do respect for make over speculate on on the contrary as for/to• demand for go to law against go along with•重点、难点句子详解• 1. Facts are terrible things if left spreading and unexamined. •解析：if从句后面省略了they are.•2. It could obscure man’s awareness of the need to come to terms with himself.•解析：come to terms with习惯于、满足于• 3. And it requires som ething far scarcer than money…•解析：far修饰比较级,much, a lot, a little, even, still后面都可以修饰比较级.• I. Vocabulary and Structure•题型概述：• 10题,10分,考察词汇、语法的灵活使用.•考查的知识点：•大纲所要求的词汇、语法,重点考查其在实际句子中的灵活应用. •出题来源：•以课本课文为主,尤其是下半年考题.•复习重点：•背诵生词词组,复习语法,熟悉课文,同时做课后练习.•答题方法：•从三个方面考虑答题：语义线、语法线、结构线,三线合一选择出最佳答案.•答题时间：• 15分钟• II. Cloze•题型概述：•完形填空是测试语言知识的有效手段,试题为一篇200-250词长度的文章,其中留出10个空格,要求考生从短文后面所附的选择项中选出最佳答案填入空格中,使短文意思通顺,前后连贯,结构完整.•考查的知识点：•本题考查的重点为语法,一些常用词和惯用词的搭配使用、固定用法.以与阅读理解能力.•出题来源：•选自教材以外.•复习重点：• 1〕明确考查的目标； 2〕把握文章大意；• 3〕注意句子的语法结构；4〕认真对比备选答案•答题方法：• 1〕瞻前顾后,注意文章的连贯,理解透彻掌握大意、观点；2〕圈点标注；3〕分析句子结构；4〕对比答案•答题时间：• 15-20分钟• III. Reading comprehension•题型概述：•英语二的阅读理解部分属于综合能力考查题目,要求考生掌握基本阅读技能,能正确理解语言难度略低于课文内容,生词不超过3%的一般题材的文章,共3篇,15题,30分.•考查的知识点：•词汇、语法,考查逻辑分析能力、记忆信息的能力,语言的使用能力,洞察力、领悟力.•出题来源：•体裁以议论、说明为主；题材主要是文化、教育、习俗、历史,甚至家庭的一些东西以与科普知识,绝对不会考一些特别专业的天文地理知识.•复习重点：• 1〕读懂长句；2〕读懂细节并短时记忆；3〕理解把握住作者的观点、文章大意；•答题方法：• 1〕圈点到位； 2〕把握问题题干中的信号词；3〕反复对比答案,择优而选•答题时间：• 40-50分钟,也可以稍微多一点• IV. Word spelling•题型概述：•本题型是直接考查考生对大纲所要求的生词的掌握情况,要求根据汉语意思和词性以与首字母提示和规定的字母数量来写出所需要的单词.20小题,每题0.5分.•考查的知识点：•大纲以与课文所要求的生词.•出题来源：•大纲中,以与课文中出现的单词,有时也包括上册书中的.•复习重点：•背诵单词.•答题方法：•看汉语意思与词性,然后试填,遗留下来的最后再填,最后检查一遍.•答题时间：10分钟• V. Word form•题型概述：•本题型10题10分,这个题型考查考生的综合语言应用能力.效度很高.•考查的知识点：•尤其是考察动词时态、语态,非谓语动词,虚拟语气,形容词副词比较级,单词各种变形.•出题来源：•少量来自课本课后习题.•复习重点：•重点语法的复习,平时多练习.•答题方法：•你要先判断是考动词、形容词、虚拟语气还是词形变化.然后做出相应形式变化.•答题时间：10-15分钟• VI. Translation from Chinese into English/from English into Chinese•题型概述：•本题型是直接考查考生的英汉互译能力.汉译英是5个句子,每题3分,共15分.英译汉是一篇150字左右的英文文章翻译成汉语,15分.•考查的知识点：•词汇、语法,翻译能力.•出题来源：•汉译英出自教材,5个句子基本出自课后翻译练习与其变形. •英译汉出自课外材料,一篇文章,长度为150字左右.•复习重点：•汉译英的复习要吃透课本,做好课后翻译练习,注意word study 的用法和例句,平时多训练.•英译汉的复习要仔细理解下册书中关于翻译的方法讲解,重在领会翻译的精神和要求.。

全国高等教育自学考试英语（二）主要内容•试卷分析和最新出题思路•重点语法•备考要诀及学习方法最新出题思路（1）与课文的关系往年与课文有关的大题：第一、第四、第五和第六大题近年与课文有关的大题：第四和第六大题建议：熟读课文，掌握课文中的大纲词汇，特别留意课文中体现重点语法和经典句型的句子。

(2) 与课文无关的大题：第二、第三、第七大题。

文章选材：主要涉及社会文化、风俗习惯、教育、历史、和生活常识等内容。

建议：广泛阅读此类题材的文章，最好是中英文对照版本。

推荐杂志：《英语沙龙》，《大学英语》，《英语学习》。

每道题的考点：第一题：词汇语法题主要考点：定语从句、名词性从句的引导词；状语从句的连接词；词汇辨析；固定搭配；常用句型。

近年来词汇题比重增加。

建议：通过学习教材上下册，熟练掌握基本语法，背熟大纲词汇，加强同义词、近义词、和形似词的比较，牢记固定搭配。

历年试题举例：1. At the end of 1994 the British government introduced new measures to help____domestic workers from abuse by their employers.[A] protect [B] suspect [C] expect [D]inspect Ａ2. I’m wondering why he hasn’t turned ___ at the meeting.[A] down [B] up [C] out [D] over Ｂ3. By using both ears one can tell the direction ___ a soundcomes.[A] in which [B] from which[C] over which[D] with which Ｂ第二题：完型填空题主要考点：除了第一大题已提到的考点外，还注重考察介词、连词、副词、代词等虚词的用法。

《英语（二）》复习资料语法主要考哪些项目？英语（二）最常考的语法项目包括：动词时态和语态、非谓语动词、虚拟语气、定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句、比较级、语序、主谓一致、强调句、基本句型。

* 最常考的时态：现在完成时、过去完成时、过去时、一般现在时和将来完成时。

* 最常考的非谓语动词：独立结构、动名词作某些动词的宾语、非谓语动词作定语和状语。

* 最常考的虚拟语气：与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的从句和主句。

* 最常考的定语从句：where 引导的定语从句、名词/代词+ of + which引导的定语从句。

* 名词性从句：what，whether 引导的主语或宾语从句、that 引导的同位语从句。

* 状语从句：now that，in that，in case，as，while 引导的状语从句。

哪些词最有可能考单词拼写？严格来说，只要是考纲中包括的词都有可能出现在单词拼写大题中，但是从历年考题可以看出，某些词的命中率要高于其它词，有些词甚至反复考过，这说明考生在背单词的时候还是可以在全面覆盖的基础之上突出重点、提高效率的。

在这里我们不可能一一罗列重要的词汇，下面是我总结的英语（二）常考单词的特点：* 绝大部分是长度在5-8个字母之间的中等难度的词，如：victim，gesture等；* 拼写和读音不完全对称的词，如：dumb，subtle等。

* 个别非常简单、但课文中不是很常见的名词，如：tube.* 从词性上来看，最常考的依次是名词、形容词、动词、和副词。

在复习这些单词时，一定要以考试大纲为准，而不能只背教材后面的生词表。

一方面，教材后面的生词表中包含了不少超刚词，完全不会考到；另一方面，对英语（二）来说，从下册教材生词表中出的单词只占三分之一，不可能涵盖所有要考的内容。

同样在复习时一定要讲究准确性，确保背一个记准一个，而不能只是记个大概，最后写出来每个都差不多但每个都有错。

复习建议针对上述预测，我们如何制定冲刺阶段的复习计划呢？下面是我推荐的三步复习法。

Text B Worlds within WorldsNew Words1.planet n.行星2.revolve vi.旋转；绕转3.solar a.太阳的，日光的；利用太阳光的rgely ad.1.大量地；2.主要地5.glitter vi.闪闪发光，闪烁n.闪光6.cloudless a.无云的，晴朗的7.unlikely a.未必可能的；靠不住的8.astronaut n.宇航员9.thrilling a.1.令人激动的；2.颤动的，震颤的10.outer a.外部的11.whereas conj.而，却；反之12.lesser a.较小的，更少的，次要的13.concerned a.1.有关的；2.关切的，担心的14.microscopic a.1.显微镜的；2.微观的；3.微小的，细微的15.whilst conj.1.当…时；2.然而；3.虽然，尽管16.plateau ([复]plateaus或plateaux) n.高原17.tropical a.1.热带的；2.炎热的18.coloured a.有色的19.religion n.宗教；宗教信仰20.circumstance n.[pl.]情况，环境；境遇Phrases and Expressions1.a great many 很多2.above all 首先，首要3.as a rule 通常；一般说来together with 和First of all let us consider the earth (that is to say, the world) as a planet revolving round the sun.The earth is one of nine planets which move in orbit round the sun.These nine planets, together with the sun, make up what is called our solar systems.How this wonderful system started and what kept it working with such wonderful accuracy is largely a mystery but astronomers tell us that it is only one of millions of similar systems in space, and one of the smallest.The stars which we see glittering in the sky on a dark and cloudless night are almost certainly the suns of other solar systems more of less like our own, but they are so far away in space that it is unlikely that we shall ever get to know verymuch about them.About our own solar system, however, we are learning more every day.Before the American and Russian astronauts made their thrilling journeys into outer space it was difficult for us to realize what our earth looked like from hundreds of thousands of miles away, but the photographs which the astronauts were able to take show us the earth in space looking not very different from what the moon looks like when we look at it from the earth.The earth is, however, very different from the moon, which the American astronauts have found to be without life or vegetation, whereas our earth is very much alive in every respect.The moon, by the way, is called a satellite because it goes round our earth as well as round the sun.In our words, it goes round the sun with our earth.The surface of our earth is covered by masses of land and larger areas of water.Let us consider the water areas first.The total water area is about three times as large as the land area.The very large separate areas of water are called "oceans" and the lesser areas are called "seas."In most of the oceans and seas some of the water is found to be flowing in a particular direction ―that is to say, from one part towards another part of the ocean or sea concerned.The water which is flowing in this manner is said to be moving as a "current." There are many thousands of currents in the waters of the oceans and seas, but only certain of the stronger and better marked currents are specially named and of great importance.There currents are important because they affect the climate of the land areas close to where they flow and also because they carry large quantities of microscopic animal and vegetable life which forms a large part of the food for fishes.The nature and characteristics of the surface of the land areas of the earth vary a great deal from area to area and from place to place.The surface of some areas consists largely of high mountains and deep valleys whilst, in other areas, most of the surface consists of plains.If one made a journey over the Continents one world find every kind of surface including mountain ranges, plains, plateaux, deserts, tropical forestlands and empty areas covered permanently by ice and snow.When thinking and learning about the world we should not forget that our world is the home of a vary great many different people ― peoples with different coloured skins, livi ng very different lives and having very different ideas about a great many important things such as religion, government, education and social behaviour.The circumstances under which different people live make a great difference between the way in which they live and the way in which we live, and it ought to be our business to try to understand those different circumstances so that we can better understand people of other lands.Above all, we should avoid deciding what we think about people different from ourselves without first having learned a great deal about them and the kind of lives they have to live.It is true to say that the more we learn about other people , the better we understand their ideas and, as a rule, the better we like those people themselves.词汇讲解：1.revolve v.旋转，绕转The earth revolves round / around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。

《英语二》资料汇总2. 自考英语（二）复习词组词组按照第一个词的字母顺序排列。

动词不定式前的符号to均略去，形容词前面也不加系动词be A1.a few 几个2.a good deal 许多3.a good many 许多4.a great amount of 大量的5.a great deal 大量的6.a great many 很多7.a little 一些，一点点8.a lot of 许多，大量的9.a number of 若干，许多10.a variety of 种种，若干不同的11.above all 首先，首要12.according to 根据13.after all 毕竟，终究14.ahead of 在……前15.all at once 突然16.all but 几乎，差一点，除了……都17.all in all 总的说来18.all of a sudden 突然19.all over 到处，遍及20.all right 行，可以21.all the better 更好，愈加22.all the more 更加，愈加23.all the same 仍然，尽管如此24.all the time 一直，始终25.all together 同时，一起26.along with 与……一道，与……同时27.among other things 除了其他方面，此外28.and so forth 等等29.and so on 等等30.and the like 等等，诸如此类31.anything but 除……外什么都32.apart from 除去，撇开，除……之外33.as a matter of fact 事实上，其实34.as a result 作为结果，因此（插入语）35.as a result of 作为……的结果36.as a rule 通常，一般来说37.as a whole 总的来说，作为一个整体38.as far as 就……而言，至于39.as far as…be concerned 就……而言40.as follows 如下41.as for 至于，关于42.as if 好像，似乎，仿佛43.as long as 只要，如果，既然，由于44.as regards 在……方面，关于45.as soon as 一……就46.as such 像这样的，就这点而论47.as though 好像，似乎，仿佛48.as to 至于，关于49.as usual 照理，像平常一样50.as well 也，又，同样地51.as well as 除……之外（也），既……又52.as yet 到目前为止，到当时为止53.aside from 此外，除……还有54.at a disadvantage 处于不利地位55.at a guess 凭猜测56.at a loss 困惑不解，茫然不知所措57.at a stretch 连续不断地58.at a time 同时，一次59.at all 丝毫（不），一点（不）60.at all costs 无论如何，不惜任何代价61.at all events 不管怎样，无论如何62.at all times 时常，有时63.at any rate 无论如何，至少64.at best 最多，充其量65.at ease 舒适66.at first 起初，最初67.at first sight 一眼看去68.at first thought 乍一想69.at hand 在附近，近在手头70.at intervals 不时，处处71.at large 普遍地，一般地，自由地72.at last 最终，终于73.at least 至少，起码，无论如何74.at length 终于，详细的75.at most 至多，不超过76.at no time 从不，决不77.at once 立刻78.at present 现在，目前79.at one time 曾经，有一时期80.at random 随机地，任意地81.at sea 在海上，在航海中，迷惑，茫然82.at what 而且83.at the cost of 以……为代价84.at the mercy of 受……支配，受……控制85.at the moment 此刻，目前86.at the rate of 以……速度或比率87.at the same time 同时，然而，不过88.at the sight of 一看见就89.at times 有时候B1.back and forth 来回地，反复地2.back up 支持3.bear… in mind 记住4.because of 因为，由于5.before long 不久6.long before 很久以前7.beyond （all） doubt 无疑8.beyond question 毫无问题，无可争辩9.both…and （两者）都10.break away 破除，脱离11.break down 把…分解为12.break in 打断（说话），闯进13.break into 强行进入14.break…into 分成（部分）15.break off 弄断，打断16.break out 突然发生，爆发17.break through 突破，打通18.break up打碎，结束，驱散，散开，分解19.bring…into effect 使…发生作用20.bring…into play 发挥，发扬，调动（积极性等）21.bring about 带来，造成，引起22.bring down 降低，减少，击落23.bring forward 提出（建议论据等）把…提前24.bring out 使显现，显示，生产，使产生25.bring over 把…带来，使转变26.bring up 抚养27.build up 建立，增强28.but for 倘没有，要不是29.by accident 偶然地30.by all means 尽一切办法31.by and by 不久，迟早32.by chance 偶然33.by far 最，…得多34.by hand 用手，用体力35.by means of 通过，利用，用…36.by mistake 错误地37.by nature 生来，天生，就其本性而言38.by no means 决不39.by reason of 由于40.by the way 顺便（说），附带地说41.by virtue of 借助，由于42.by way of 经过，经由，通过…方法C1.call for 要求；邀请2.call off 取消3.call on 拜访，访问4.call up 打电话；召集；使想起5.can not help but 禁不住6.carry on 经营；进行；继续7.care for 照顾；喜欢8.carry off 拿走9.carry out 执行，贯彻；进行到底10.carry over 延期；运输11.catch one‘s breath 喘息；屏息12.catch one‘s eye 引人注目13.catch sight of 看见，发现14.catch up with 赶上15.check in 办理登记手续16.check out 办理结帐手续17.cheer up 高兴，振作起来18.chear up 清理e about 发生e around 顺便过来e into force 开始有效e into play 开始起作用e into power 上台；开始掌权e off 从…离开；进行e on 来吧e out 出版，发表e round 顺便过来e though 经历e to 苏醒，共计e to terms with 达成协议e true 实现e up 出现e up against 碰到e up to 达到e up with 追上，提出ment on 对…评论37.concerned with 关于；涉及；忙于；关心；关切38.contrary to 与…相反39.convict…of 证明…有罪，宣判…有罪40.cope with 对付；处理41.count on/upon 指望，依靠42.cover up 掩饰，掩护43.cut down on 减少对…之消耗量44.cut in 打断，插嘴45.cut off 切去，割掉；切断；使孤立46.cut out 删掉47.cut short 缩短，打断…（谈话）D1.day by day 日复一日2.deal with 对待，处理3.die down 枯萎，凋谢4.die out 消失，灭绝5.dig into 深入钻研6.dig out 发掘出，发现7.do away with 废除8.do one‘s best 尽全力；尽量9.do with 处理；忍受10.do without 没有…也行，将就11.draw in 进站12.draw on 吸收；依靠；临近13.draw up 起草，制订14.drop by 顺便访问15.drop in 顺便访问16.drop off 减弱17.drop out 退出18.due to 因为E1.each other 彼此2.either…or 或者…或者，不是…就是3.end in 以…告终4.end up 结束5.even if 即使6.even though 即使7.every now and then 时时，不时的8.every other 每隔一个9.except for 除了…外；除去；撇开F1.face to face 面对面2.fall apart 四分五裂；崩溃3.fall back on 依靠，求助于4.fall by the way 半途而废，中途退出5.fall in with 偶尔遇到；同意6.fall out 脱落7.far from 远非，离…很远8.feel like 喜欢9.feel bitter at 对…怀恨10.figure out 弄清楚，算出11.fill in 填空，填写12.fill out 填空，填好13.find fault （with）找茬，挑错14.first of all 首先，第一15.for a moment 一会儿16.for ever 永远17.for ever and ever 永远18.for good 永远19.for example 举例，例如20.for instance 例如，比如21.for noting 无故地，白白地22.for one reason or another 因某种理由19.for example 举例，例如20.for instance 例如，比如21.for noting 无故地，白白地22.for one reason or another 因某种理由23.for short 简称，缩写24.for some reason （or other）由于种种原因25.for the moment 目前，现在26.for the most part在很大程度上，多半27.for the present 目前，暂时28.for the sake of 为了…的目的，为了…好处29.for the time being 目前，当时30.free from 没有…的，不受…的31.from behind 从……后面32.from now on 从现在起33.from then on 从那时起34.from time to time 时时，不时地35.from under 从下面36.from within 从里面G1.get across 使…穿过，渡过2.get along 有进展3.get along with 在…有进展，与…交往4.get at 获得，领会5.get away 离开，逃脱6.get by 从…走过，从…通过7.get down 下来，写，记下8.get down to 认真对待9.get hold of 抓住，理解10.get in 进入11.get into 进入…状态，研究12.get off 起飞，离开13.get on 获得进展14.get on with 在…获得成功，于…友好相处15.get out 离去，退出16.get over 克服困难，从（疾病中）恢复过来17.get rid of 除去，摆脱18.get the better of 胜过19.get through 结束，通过20.get together 聚集一起21.get up 起床，站起来22.give away 分配，颁发23.give back 归还，送回24.give full play to 充分发挥25.give in 屈服，让步26.give off 发出（光，气体等）27.give out 用尽，用完28.give rise to 产生29.give up 放弃30.give way 让步，让路31.go after 追逐，追求32.go ahead 开始，进行33.go along with 赞同，附和，支持34.go around （消息等）流传35.go in for 从事，以…为兴趣，爱好36.go into 进入，调查37.go off 爆炸38.go on 进行，继续39 go over 越过，仔细检查39.go through 经过，经历，审查40.go without 没有…也行41.go wrong 出毛病H1.had better 应该，还是…好2.had rather 宁肯，宁愿3.had rather…than 宁肯…也不愿4.hand down 把…留下来5.hand in 交来，交上6.hand on 依次传递7.hand on to 把…传递给8.hand out 分发9.hand over 交出，转交10.hang on 抓住不放，（电话不挂）等一会儿11.hang up 把…挂起来，挂断（电话），延迟，拖延12.have…in mind 记住…，考虑到13.have an advantage over 胜于，优于14.have an edge 具有优势15.have nothing to do with 与…无关16.have…at heart 对…甚为关心17.head for 朝…方向走去18.heart and soul全心全意地，全身心地19.hold back 退缩，阻止20.hold on 坚持，继续21.hold on to 抓住，抓牢22.hold out 维持，坚持23.hold up 举起，提出24.hurry up 匆匆完成I1.if only 只要…就好了2.in a hurry 匆匆，匆忙3.in a moment 立即，立刻4.in a sense 在某种意义上5.in a way 在一定程度上6.in a word 简而言之7.in accordance with与…一致，依照，根据8 in addition 另外，加之9 in addition to 加之，除…之外，并且10.in any case 无论如何，不管怎样11.in any event 无论如何，不管怎样12.in between 在中间，每间隔，在…期间13.in case 若，万一，如果14.in case of 假如，防备15.in charge of 负责，主管16.in common（with）与…共同，与…一样17.in conclusion 最后，在结束时18.in consequence 因此，结果19.in consequence of 由于20.in contrast 成对比21.in contrast to 和…成对照22.in contrast with 和…成对照25.in debt 负债26.in depth 深入地27.in detail 详细地28.in due course 在适当的时候29.in due time 在适当的时候30.in effect 实质上，实际上，有效31.in fact 实际上32.in favour of 赞成，支持，有利于33.in front of 在…前面34.in general 一般说来35.in hand 手头上有36.in hono（u）r of 为纪念，为庆祝37.in large measure 很，大半，大部分38.in （the） light of 根据39.in line with 与…相一致40.in memory of 纪念41.in need of 需要42.in no case 决不43.in no time 立即，马上44.in no way 决不45.in one‘s mind’s eye 在…脑海里46.in order that 为了47.in order to（+inf.）为了48.in other words 换句话说，也就是说49.in part 部分地，在某种程度上50.in particular 特别，尤其51.in passing 顺便52.in person 亲自53.in place of 代替54.in power 掌权的，执政的55.in practice 实际上56.in proportion to 与…成比例57.in public 公开地58.in pursuit of 追求，寻求59.in quantity 大量地60.in question正在被谈论，被争论，成问题61.in reality 实际上，事实上62.in regard to 关于63.in relation to 有关，涉及64.in return 作为报答65.in return （for）报答，回报66.in search of 寻找，寻求67.in series 串联电路的，成串联的68.in short 简言之69.in sight 在视线之内70.in spite of 尽管，虽然71.in step （with）与…同步72.in terms of 根据，按照，在…方面73.in that 在于，原因是74.in the end 最终，终于75.in the event of 万一76.in the face of在…面前，当着…的面，不顾77.in the final analysis 归根结底78.in the first place 首先79.in the last analysis 归根结底80.in the least（用于否定句）一点，丝毫81.in the long run 从长计议，从长远来看82.in the meantime 在此期间，与此同时83.in the running 参赛，参加竞选84.in the short run 短期看来85.in the strict sense 在严格的意义上86.in the way 挡住路，碍事87.in time 及时，终于88.in touch 与…联系89.in turn 依次，轮流，反过来90.in unison（with）与…完全一致91.in vain 无效地，无结果地，徒然92.in view of 鉴于，考虑到93.inasmuch as 因为，由于94.in so far as 在…范围内，到…程度95.instead of 代替，而不是K1.keep off 挡住，防止进入，不进入2.keep on 继续，保持3.keep…out 防止，不让…入内4.keep one‘s word 守信用5.keep pace （with）跟上…步伐6.keep to 坚持，固守（习惯）7.keep up赶上，不落后，遵守，继续，保持Lst but not least 最后但并不是最不重要的（一点）y aside 搁置一旁y down 铺设，规定y off 划分y out 安排，设计，展开6.learn by heart 记住，背诵7.learn by rote 死记硬背8.leave alone 不管，听其自然9.leave behind 丢弃，留下10.leave off 停止11.leave out 遗漏，省略12.let alone 不打扰，更别提13.let go （of）松手放开14.let off 排放，开枪，开炮15.let out 放掉，发出16.line up 排队，排成一行17.little by little 一点一点地，逐渐地18.live on 靠…生活19.live up to 符合，达到…要求20.look after 照看，目送，寻求21.look at 看着，对待22.look back 回头看，回顾23.look down on/upon 轻视24.look for 寻找，寻求25.look forward to 向前看，期待，预料26.look into 观察，调查27.look on 旁观，观看28.look out 留神，注意29.look over 仔细察看，巡视30.look through 浏览，详细核查31.look up向上看，（在字典中）查找，向上看32.lose heart 灰心，泄气33.lose sight （of）看不见，忽略34.lots of 很多M1.make a difference between 区别2.make a guess at 猜测3.make certain 弄确实，查明；确信4.make for 有助于，有利5.make fun of 嘲弄6.make one‘s way 前进7.make out 弄清，认出8.make over 转让，移交；改造，重做9.make sense 讲得通，有意义10.make sure 弄确实，查明；确信11.make the best of 充分利用12.make the most of 充分利用13.make up 组成，构成；编造；化妆14.make up for 补偿，弥补15.make up one‘s mind 下定决心16.make use of 利用17.make away前进，获得成就18.make way for 让路给…19.many a 许多20.mistake…for 错把…当做…21.more or less 或多或少N1.needless to say 不用说2.neither…nor 既不…也不3.no less than 不少于4.no longer 不再5.no matter how（what，who，when，where，whether/if）不论怎样（什么，谁，何时，何处，是否）6.no more （…） than 至多，不多于，仅仅7.no other…than 除…外没有，只有，正是，就是，8.no sooner…than 一…就9.none other than 不是别的…而正是10.not （never） for a moment决不，从来没有11.not only … but（also）不仅…而且12.not so much … as 与其…不如13.not that 并不是说14.not that…but that 不是因为…，而是因为15.nothing but 只有，只不过16.now and then 时而，不时17.now that 既然，由于O1.of course 当然2.of late 近来3.of little account 不重要的，价值不大的4.of no avail 无效，无用5.of on's own accord 自愿6.of…importance 有…重要性7.of…value 有…价值8.off and on 不时，断断续续地，间歇地9.off duty 下班10.on （an） average 平均11.on account of 由于，因为12.on and off 不时，断断续续地，间歇地13.on any account 无论如何14.on behalf of 代表15.on board 在船（车，飞机）上16.on business 因事，因公17.on condition that 如果，在…条件下18.on earth 究竟，到底19.on hand 在手头，在近处，现有20.on no account 决不21.on occasion 有时，间或22.on one's head 归罪于某人，（责任）落到某人身上23.on one's own 靠自己，独立完成24.on purpose 故意地25.on sale 出售，廉价出售26.on schedule 按计划27.on second thoughts再次考虑，仔细考虑28.on the average 平均29.on the contrary 相反地30.on the ground（s） of 根据31.on the （one） hand 一方面32.on the other hand 另一方面33.on the part of 就…而言34.on the point of 就要…的时候35.on the spot 在现场，当场36.on the whole 整体来看，总的来说37.on time 准时38.once （and） for all 一劳永逸地，永远地39.once again 再次40.once in a while 偶尔41.once more 再一次，又一次42.once upon a time 曾经，以前43.one another 彼此44.or else 否则，不然45.or so 大约，左右46.other than 不同于，除了47.out of 从，来自，由48.out of breath 喘不过气来49.out of control 失控50.out of date 过时51.out of doors 在户外52.out of doubt 无疑53.out of order 出故障，秩序混乱54.out of place 位置不当，不相称的55.out of power 丧失权利56.out of sight 看不见57.out of step 步伐不一致；不协调58.out of the question 不可能的，办不到的59.out of touch 脱离接触，失去联系60.over and above 在…之上；在…之外（还）61.over and over（again）反复，一再62.owing to 由于，因为P1.pass away 去世2.pass on 把…传给别人3.pay attention to 注意4.pay back 偿还，回报5.pay off 还清（债务）；取得成功6.pick out 挑出，拣出；辨认出7.pick up 拾起；（中途）搭车；学会8.play…part 起…作用9.play into sb‘s hands 为某人谋方便；有利于某人10.play…role 起…作用11.plenty of 大量的；丰富的12.point of view 观察点；观点13.prior to 在…前，先于14.pro or con 正面或反面的理由；赞成或反对15.provided that 假如，在…条件下16.pull down 拆除，推翻17.pull in （车）进站，（船）到岸18.pull out 抽出；（车，船）驶出19.pull up 提出；插入；实行20.put an end to 结束，终止，废除21.put aside 放在一边，撇开；储存22.put down 放下，记下；镇压23.put forward 提出24.put in 花费，付出25.put into effect 实施26.put into operation实施27.put into practice实施28.put off 延期；消除29.put on 穿上，戴上；上演30.put out 扑灭；关灯；公布，出版31.put to use 使用32.put up 举起；建造；张贴33.put up with 忍受Q1.Quite a few 不少，相当多R1.rather than 与其…（不如）；不是…（而是）2.regardless of 不顾；不管3.result from 由…造成4.result in 导致，产生5 right away 立即，马上6 run into偶然碰上；遇到（困难）；共计7 run out （of）用光8 run over 跑过去；撞倒；溢出9 run through 刺穿，贯穿S1.set…off 送别，送行2.see…through 看透，看穿3.see to 负责，注意，照料4.send for 派人去请；召唤；索取5.send in 递送；呈交，提交6.send off 寄出；为…送行；解雇7.serve as 用作8.set about 开始，着手9.set apart 使分离；使显得突出10.set aside 搁置一旁；留出，拨出11.set back 推迟；阻碍12.set down 记下13.set free 释放14.set off 出发；激起，引起15.set out 动身，启程；开始16.set up 建立，树立，创立17.settle down 定居；沉淀18.side by side 一起，肩并肩地19.sit down on 反对20.slow down 减速21.so as to （+inf.）以便22.so…as to （+inf.）这样…以致23.so far 迄今为止；就此范围来说24.so far as…be concerned 就…而论25.so far as…know（s）就某人所知26.so long as 假如；只要27.so that 为了，以便28.sooner or later 迟早；终归29.stand for 代表；主张，支持30.stand out 突出，引人注目31.stand up to 抵制，抵抗32.stand up for 支持，为…辩护33.step by step 一步一步地，逐步地34.stick to 坚持，忠于；紧随35.stick with 坚持；继续36.straight away 立即37.such as 例如，诸如38.sum up 总结，概括T1.take advantage of 利用，占…便宜2.take after 与（父母）相象3.take apart 拆开，拆卸4.take care of 照管5.take charge 开始管理；接管6.take （a） delight in 以…为乐7.take down 取下，记下；拆开8.take in 欺骗，愚弄；领会，理解9.take effect 生效，起作用10.take…for granted 认为…理所当然11.take…into account 考虑12.take on 具有；担任（工作等）；雇佣13.take one's time 不着急，不慌忙14.take over 接管，接任；把…从…处运到另一处15.take part （in）参加16.take place 发生17.take the place of 代替18.take the trouble to （+inf.）不辞劳苦，费力19.take to 开始从事；养成…的习惯；培养20.take turns 依次，轮流21.take up 开始从事；占据22.thanks to 由于23.that is 也就是说，即24.that is to say 也就是说25.the instant （that）一…就26.the moment （that）一…就27.the same as 与…一样28.think of 想起；考虑；关心29.think of…as 认为…是30.think over 仔细考虑31.throw away 仍掉，抛弃32.throw doubt on/upon 对…产生怀疑33.throw off 仍掉；摆脱34.throw light on/upon 阐明35.time and again 一再36.to advantage 有利地，有效地37.to excess 过分，过度，过量38.to no avail 完全无用，毫无效果39.to the advantage of 对…有利40.to the best of 就…所及41.to the fore 在前面，到前面；在显著地位42.to the point of 到…程度43.to the point that 到…程度44.to…degree 达到…程度45.touch on./upon 触及，涉及46.true of 符合于…，对…适用47.try on 试穿（衣服）48.try one's best 尽力而为49.try out 试用，试验50.tune in （to）调谐，收听（电台）51.turn down 翻下；调小或调低；拒绝52.turn in 上交，交还53.turn loose 放开，释放；听凭，放纵54.turn off 关掉（灯，水管等）；拐弯55.turn on 打开（灯，水管等）56.turn out 关掉（收音机，灯等）；生产，制造；驱逐；结果是57.turn out （to be）结果（是）58.turn over 仔细考虑59.turn to 转向，求助于60.turn up 出现，出席，来到；开大，调大（灯火等）U1.unaware of 不知道…，没觉察到…2.under way 进行中3.up to 多达；直到；取决于，决定于4.up to date最新的，新式的；切合目前情况的5.upside down 颠倒，倒置e up 用完，耗尽W1.wait for 等待2.wait on 服侍3.warm up 热身，使暖起来4.watch out （for）密切注意5.watch over 看守，照管，监视6.wear out 穿破，用坏；耗尽；（使）疲乏7.what about…？（征求意见时用语）怎么样？8.what if…？如果…将会怎么样？9.whether…or 不管是…还是10.wipe out 消灭11.with a view to 以…为目的12.with a （the） view of 以…为目的13.with a view towards （to）以…为目的14.with regard to 关于，对于15.with relevance to 与…有关16.with respect to 关于，至于17.with the exception of 除了…，除…之外18.without question 毫无疑问19.word for word 逐字地20.work at 从事，致力于21.work on 从事；对…有影响22.work out 作出；制定出23.work up 详细研究；引起，激起24.work with 对…行得通，对…起作用25.would rather 宁可，宁愿26.would rather…than 宁愿…而不Y1.year in and year out 一年一年地，年复一年3. “英语（二）”常考词汇第一单元1.常考单词：goal，objective，accomplish，predict，accompany，implement，tendency，achievement，argue，budget，define，entity2. 常考词组：in the way，in part，point of view，contribute to，to apply for，in hand，to turn down3. 常考句子：1）A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available.2）Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance.3）If there is no choice，there is no decision to be made.4）For managers every decision has constraints based on politics，procedures，laws，precedents and the like.5）For example，managers sometimes treat problems in an either/or fashion.6）Decision makers must have some way of determining which of several alternatives is best - that is，which contributes the most to the achievement of organizational goals.7）In the larger scheme of things，however，increased funding for research to improve the products might be more beneficial to the organization.8）Some of these objectives are more important than others，but the order and degree of importance often vary form person to person and from department to department.第二单元1.常考单词：escape，explode，collapse，shrink，gravity，measurement，basis，launch，convincing，companion，speculation，swallow，operate，to make use of，a great many，above all2. 常考句子：1）Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape.2）The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point.3）Some people think that the Start of Bethlehem could have been a supernova.4）If a man fell into a black hole，he would think that he reached the center of it very quickly.5）It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes.6）On the other hand，scientists have suggested that every advanced technology could one day make use of the energy of black holes for mankind.第三单元1.常考单词：weaken deteriorate debate legal request criterion ensure oppose tradition consideration disabled burden vulnerable prohibition sensitive2. 常考词组：to debate on to make request for be opposed to to take … into account3. 常考句子：1）Affected with a serious disease，van Wendal was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery and that his condition was rapidly deteriorating.2）Van Wendel's last three months of life before being given a final，lethal injection by his doctor were filmed and first shown on television last year in the Netherlands.3）The programme has since been bought by 20 countries and each time it is shown，it starts a nationwide debate on the subject.4）What those people who oppose euthanasia are telling me is that dying people haven't the right.第四单元1.常考单词：demestic statistics diplomat exploit campaign execute convict despite deserving shelf minimum status deport2. 常考句子：1）There are estimated to be more than 20，000 overseas domestic servants working in Britain.2）Of these 20，000，just under 2，000 are being exploited and abused by their employers.3）The sad condition of women working as domestics around the world received much media attention earlier this year in several highly publicized cases.4）A Filipino maid was executed in Singapore after being convicted of murder，despite protests form various quarters that her guilt had not been adequately established.5）She used to work for a very low wage at a tea factory in Sri Lanka.6）Because she found it difficult to feed her four children，she accepted a job working as a domestic in London.7）So if they do complain，they risk being deported.第五单元1.常考单词：Musician，rhythmic，distinct，consciousness，originate，readily，instrument，electronic，thereby，passive，participant2. 常考词组：to take place to take over to take on in a sense at a stretch to serve as in advance for the sake of3. 常考句子：1）The new music was built out of materials already in existence.2）Folk music，old and modern，was popular among college students.3）They freely took over elements form jazz，from American country music.4）With records at home，listeners imitated these lighting effects as best they could.第六单元1.常考单词：efficiency increasingly install personnel expose reduction completion specific switch critical intensity scale defective2. 常考词组：in that in question plenty of3. 常考句子：1）Most of today's robots are employed in the automotive industry，where they are programmed to take over such jobs as welding and spray painting automobile and truck bodies.2）Robots，already taking over human tasks in the automotive field are beginning to be seen，although to a lesser degree，in other industries as well.3）The robots used in nuclear power plants handle the radioactive materials，preventing human personnel from being exposed to radiation.4）Robots differ from automatic machines in that after completion of one specific task，they can be reprogrammed by a computer to do another one.5）Engineers skilled in microelectronics and computer technology are developing artificial vision for robots.6）With the ability to “see”，robots can identify and inspect one specific class of objects out of a stack of different kinds of materials.7）Anyone wanting to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics.第七单元1.常考单词：research attach underlie relevant positive possession desirable relaxation occupation urban acquire participation2. 常考词组：be concerned with be relevant to to set … as objective3. 常考句子：1）People in advanced industrial societies are increasingly concerned with opportunities for leisure.2）The importance people attach to paid holidays and the rapid development of services for mass entertainment and recreation are signs of this increasing concern.3）The specific use of leisure varies from individual to individual.4）Since leisure is basically self-determined，one is able to take to one's interests and preferences and get involved in an activity in ways that will bring enjoyment and satisfaction.5）Basically，such attitudes amount to a recognition that leisure is an important area of life and a belief that Leisure can and should be put to good use.6）For example，the degree to which and the ways in which a school encourages participation in games，sports and cultural pursuits are likely to contribute to the shaping of leisure attitudes on the part of the students.7）Schools usually set as their educational objective the attainment of a balanced development of the person.8）The more seriously this is sought，the more likely positive attitudes towards leisure as well as academic work will be encouraged.第八单元1.常考单词：flight negotiation transport overcome internal external rhythm feasible assumption promote2. 常考词组：effect on to blame… on to advantage now that out of step to leave … alone3. 常考句子：1）The problem of Jet Lag is one every international traveler comes across at some time. （para.1）2）The effects of rapid travel on the body are actually far more disturbing than we realize. （para.2）3）He later blamed his poor judgement on Jet Lag. （para.3）4）Now that we understand what Jet lag is，we can go some way to overcoming it.（para.4）5）The other belongs in our internal clocks which，left alone，would tie the body to a 25 hour - yes，25 - rhythm.（para.5）6）In time the physiological system will reset itself，but it does take time. （para7）7）One reason for this discrepancy is that different bodily events are controlled by different factors. （para.8）8）It is not feasible to wait four days until the body is used to the new time zone. （para.9）第九单元1.常考单词：classify approximate proportion appreciation acknowledge alter lengthen wealthy neglect expectation2. 常考词组：to approximate to resistance to to cope with attribute … to3. 常考句子：1）Nation classified as “aged” when they have 7percent of more of their people aged 65 or above. （para.1）2）The nearer a society approximates to zero population growth，the older its population is likely to be - at least，for any future that concerns us now.3）The older you are now，of course，the greater this proportion will be，and greater still if you are a woman.4）If you are now in your thirties，you ought to be aware that you can expect to live nearly one third of the rest of your life after the age of 60.第十单元1.常考单词：election vote certainty loyalty decline democrat strategy pursue impact headquarters economy stir congress representative2. 常考词组：to identify……as impact on3. 常考句子：1）Candidates try to project a strong leadership image. （para.4）2）Whether voters accept this image，however，depends more on external factors than on a candidate's personal characteristics. （para. 4）此句注意主语从句作主语。

2024年高等教育自学考试自考《英语二》复习试题与参考答案一、阅读判断（共10分）First Question: Reading Comprehension and JudgmentPassage:In today’s rapidly evolving world, technology is playing an increasingly important role in our daily lives. One area where this is particularly evident is education. Traditional classroom learning is being complemented by digital tools that allow for personalized learning experiences. Online courses, educational software, and mobile applications are changing the way students learn and teachers teach.Technology has made it possible for students to access educational resources from anywhere at any time, provided they have an internet connection. This flexibility has opened up opportunities for those who might not otherwise be able to attend traditional schools due to geographic or financial constraints. However, while technology offers many benefits, it also poses challenges. Not all students have equal access to these technological resources, which can lead to disparities in educational outcomes. Furthermore, the reliance on technology raises questions about the skills that students will need in the future, as well as the roles of educators in guiding them.Despite these challenges, the integration of technology into education continues to grow. As we move forward, it will be essential to ensure equitable access to technology and to prepare students for a future where digital literacy is as crucial as traditional academic skills.Questions:1、The passage states that technology plays a minor role in education.Answer: False2、According to the text, online courses are one example of how technology complements traditional learning.Answer: True3、Technology has made education less accessible to people with financial limitations.Answer: False4、The passage suggests that the use of technology in education does not create any disparities.Answer: False5、Educators will need to adapt their roles to include guiding students in developing digital literacy.Answer: True第二题Read the following passage and then answer the questions below it.The internet has revolutionized the way we communicate and accessinformation. It has become an indispensable part of our daily lives, offering convenience and efficiency like never before. However, along with its benefits, the internet also brings challenges and risks.1、The internet has made our daily lives more convenient.2、The internet has had a significant impact on how we communicate.3、The passage suggests that the internet is not without its drawbacks.4、The passage implies that the internet is a necessary component of our lives.5、The author does not explicitly mention any risks associated with the internet.Answer the following questions based on the passage:1、（T/F）The internet has made our daily lives more convenient.2、（T/F）The internet has had a significant impact on how we communicate.3、（T/F）The passage suggests that the internet is not without its drawbacks.4、（T/F）The passage implies that the internet is a necessary component of our lives.5、（T/F）The author does not explicitly mention any risks associated with the internet.Answers:1、True2、True3、True4、True5、True二、阅读理解（共10分）Title: The Power of ReadingReading has been a vital part of human civilization since ancient times. It is a means of acquiring knowledge, understanding different perspectives, and expanding our horizons. In today’s fas t-paced world, where information is readily available at our fingertips, the significance of reading as a habit cannot be overstated.Books have the power to transport us to faraway lands, introduce us to fascinating characters, and spark imaginations. They can evoke emotions that range from joy and laughter to sadness and contemplation. Moreover, reading regularly can improve cognitive abilities, enhance vocabulary, and foster empathy.In an era where technology dominates our lives, it is easy to overlook the benefits of traditional reading. However, research has shown that digital distractions can hinder deep thinking and concentration. On the contrary, reading physical books or even e-books without distractions can significantly improve focus and comprehension.Beyond personal growth, reading is also a crucial skill for academic and professional success. It is a fundamental requirement for many educationalprograms and job positions. Students who read regularly perform better academically and develop critical thinking skills that are highly valued in today’s workforce.Furthermore, reading promotes lifelong learning. It encourages us to seek answers, question assumptions, and stay curious. As we grow older, our interests may evolve, but the joy of discovering new ideas through reading remains constant.Questions:1.What is the primary purpose of the passage?A) To criticize the use of technology in education.B) To promote the benefits of reading as a habit.C) To argue against the availability of information online.D) To describe the history of reading in human civilization.2.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a benefit of reading regularly?A) Improved cognitive abilities.B) Increased focus and concentration.C) Enhanced physical fitness.D) Fostered empathy.3.According to the passage, why might digital distractions hinder deep thinking and concentration?A) Because they provide too much information at once.B) Because they make it difficult to stay focused on one task.C) Because they are not as effective as traditional reading methods.D) Because they are not suitable for academic or professional success.4.What is the importance of reading for academic and professional success?A) It is not essential but helpful.B) It is a fundamental requirement for many educational programs and job positions.C) It is only important for students, not professionals.D) It is not relevant in today’s technological world.5.What does the passage suggest about the joy of reading?A) It decreases as we grow older.B) It remains constant regardless of our age or interests.C) It is only present in physical books, not e-books.D) It is limited to certain types of books or genres.Answers:1.B) To promote the benefits of reading as a habit.2.C) Enhanced physical fitness.3.B) Because they make it difficult to stay focused on one task.4.B) It is a fundamental requirement for many educational programs and job positions.5.B) It remains constant regardless of our age or interests.三、概况段落大意和补全句子（共10分）First Question: Summarize the Main Idea and Complete the SentencesRead the following passage carefully and then summarize its main idea. After that, complete each of the sentences (1-5) below according to the information given in the passage. Write no more than 8 words for each blank.Passage:In recent years, there has been a significant shift towards online learning as an alternative or complement to traditional classroom-based education. Online learning offers unprecedented flexibility and accessibility, allowing students from all walks of life to pursue further education without being physically present at educational institutions. However, this new mode of education also presents unique challenges. For one, it requires a high level of self-discipline and time management skills from learners. Additionally, the lack of face-to-face interaction can sometimes lead to feelings of isolation among students. Despite these drawbacks, many educators believe that online learning is here to stay and will continue to evolve, offering increasingly sophisticated tools and resources to enhance the learning experience.Questions:1、The passage mainly discusses ________.Answer: The rise of online learning and its implications.2、One advantage of online learning is ________.Answer: Flexibility and accessibility.3、Online learning requires students to have ________.Answer: Self-discipline and time management skills.4、A disadvantage of online learning might be ________.Answer: Feelings of isolation due to lack of face-to-face interaction.5、According to the passage, the future of online learning is expected to ________.Answer: Evolve with better tools and resources.第二题Reading Content:In this fast-paced modern world, continuous learning and personal development have become crucial. Higher education self-study examination, also known as self-study examination, has emerged as a popular and effective way for individuals to advance their education and career. This type of examination allows students to study independently and take exams at their own pace, providing flexibility and convenience. The English Second level self-study examination is specifically designed for those who wish to improve their English proficiency through self-study.1.The main idea of the paragraph is that:A) Self-study examination is a traditional method of learning.B) Higher education self-study examination is a flexible and convenient option.C) English proficiency is not a priority in modern education.D) The paragraph is about the history of self-study examinations.Answer: B) Higher education self-study examination is a flexible and convenient option.2.According to the paragraph, self-study examination:A) Is only available for students who attend regular classes.B) Requires students to follow a strict schedule.C) Allows students to study independently and at their own pace.D) Is less effective than traditional classroom learning.Answer: C) Allows students to study independently and at their own pace.3.The paragraph mentions that the English Second level self-study examination:A) Is designed for students who are already proficient in English.B) Is a way for students to improve their English proficiency.C) Is more difficult than regular English courses.D) Is only offered in certain countries.Answer: B) Is a way for students to improve their English proficiency.4.The author implies that:A) Self-study examination is not as popular as traditional education.B) Self-study examination is only for those who are highly motivated.C) Self-study examination is not as effective as classroom learning.D) Self-study examination is not suitable for everyone.Answer: B) Self-study examination is only for those who are highly motivated.5.The paragraph suggests that:A) Higher education self-study examination is a recent development.B) Self-study examination is becoming less popular.C) The English Second level self-study examination is the most difficult.D) Self-study examination is a sustainable and effective way of learning.Answer: D) Self-study examination is a sustainable and effective way of learning.四、填空补文（共10分）Reading Passage:In many countries around the world, higher education is seen not only as a personal investment but also as a public good. Universities and colleges serve as centers of learning, innovation, and cultural exchange. However, access to higher education is often limited by financial constraints. To address this issue, some governments provide (1)_______aid to students in the form of grants and loans. Additionally, universities themselves may offer scholarships based on academic merit or (2) _______. Despite these efforts, disparities in access remain, particularly between urban and rural areas, and among different socio-economic groups. Some argue that technology, especially online learning platforms, can play a crucial role in (3)_______the gap and providing more inclusive access to higher education. Yet, there are concerns about the quality and (4)_______of online education compared to traditional classroom settings. Therefore, it is essential to find a balanced approach that leverages technology while maintaining educational standards and (5) _______.Questions:(1)The government provides_______aid to students.A)financialB)emotionalC)physicalD)technical(2)Scholarships may be offered based on academic merit or _______.A)athletic abilityB)family connectionsC)musical talentD)political influence(3)Technology can help in_______the gap in education access.A)increasingB)wideningC)bridgingD)deepening(4)Concerns are raised about the quality and_______of online education.A)costB)durationC)effectivenessD)popularity(5)A balanced approach should maintain educational standards and _______.A)affordabilityB)entertainmentC)traditionD)accessibilityAnswers:1.A) financial2.A) athletic ability3.C) bridging4.C) effectiveness5.D) accessibility五、填词补文（共15分）第一题阅读以下文章，然后根据文章内容选择合适的词填入空格中。

自考英语2复习资料自考英语2复习资料在历次自考中都占据重要的地位，自考的成或败很大程度上也取决于考生的英语，下面请看店铺带来的自考英语2复习资料自考英语2复习资料一、自考英语2复习资料二、常考句型1、范万德尔重病在身，再也不能说清楚话，他知道他没有康复的希望，身体状况正在急剧恶化。

P2Affected w ith a serious disease, van Wendal was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there w as no hope of recovery and that his condition was rapidly deteriorating.2、在让自己的医生注射最后结束生命的那一针之前，范万德尔生命中的最后三个月被拍摄了下来，去年在荷兰电视上首次播出。

P3 Van Wendel’s last three months of life before being give n a final, lethal injection by his doctor w ere filmed and first shown on television last year in the Netherlands.3、从那时开始，已有20 多个国家买下了这个节目，每次播放都引起了对这一的'全国性大辩论。

P3The programme has since been bought by 20 countries and each time it is shown, it starts a nationw ide debate on the subject.4、那些反对安乐死的人实际在告诉我，临终者没有这个权利。

P9What those people who oppose euthanasia are telling me is that dying people haven’t the right.三、习题1.词汇英译汉. weaken . deteriorate .debate . legal. request . criterion . ensure . oppose tradition consideration disabled . burdenvulnerable prohibition sensitive词组：. to debate on . to make request for be opposed to . to take … into account2.句子英译汉（重点句）Affected w ith a serious disease, van Wendal w as no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there w as no hope of recovery and that his condition w as rapidly deteriorating.Van Wendel’s last three months of life before being given a final, lethal injection by hisdoctor w ere filmed and first shown on television last year in the Netherlands.The programme has since been bought by 20 countries and each time it is show n, it starts a nationw ide debate on the subject.What those people w ho oppose euthanasia are telling me is that dying people ha ven’t theright.The guidelines demand that the patient is experiencing extreme suffering , that there is nochance of a cure, and that the patient has made repeated requests for euthanasia .I think that anything that legally allow s the shortening of life does make those people more vulnerable.3.句子汉译英 P.59安乐死的确能解除临终病人的痛苦。

自学考试《英语（二）》复习资料【2020年最新】自学考试《英语（二）》复习资料I. ReadingSection A Task1 Directions: after reading the following passage, you will find 5 questions or unfinished statements, numbered 11 to 15. For each questions or statement there are 4 choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should make the correct choice and mark the corresponding letter on the paper.If you are a male and you are reading this, congratulations: you are a survivor. According to statistics. You are more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer as a woman, and nine times more likely to die of AIDS. Assuming you make it to the end of your natural term, about 78 years for men in Australia, you will die on average five years before a woman. There are many reasons for this typically, men take more risks than woman and are more likely to drink and smoke but perhaps more importantly, men don't go to the doctor. “Men aren't seeing doctors as often as they should，”says Dr.Gullotta，“Thi s is particularly so for the over-40s, when diseases tend to strike.”Gullotta says a healthy man should visit the doctor every year or two. For those over 45. it should be at least once a year. Two months ago Gullotta saw a 50-year-old man who had delayed doing anything about his smoker's cough for a year. “When I finally saw him it had already spread and he has since died from lung cancer，”he says，“Earlier detection and treatment may not have cured him，but it would have prolonged this life.”According to a recent survey，95%of women aged between 15 and early 40s see a doctor once a year, compared to 70% of men in the same age group.“A lot of men think they are invincible（不可战胜的）”Gullotta says“They only come in when a friend drops dead on the golf course and t hey think.”Geez., ifit could happen to him.Then there is the ostrich approach，“some men are scared of what might be there and would rather not know，”says Dr. Ross Cart mill.“Most men get their car serviced more regularly than they service their bodies，”Ca rtmill says.He believes most diseases t hat commonly affect men could be addressed b y preventive check-ups. Regular check-ups for men would inevitably place strain on the public purse, Cartmill says.“But prevention is cheaper in the long run than having to treat the diseases. B esides, the ultimate cost is far greater: it is called premature death.”1.Why does the author congratulate his male readers at the beginning of the passage?A.They are more likely to survive serious diseases today.B.Their average life span has been considerably extended.C.They have lived long enough to read this article.D.They are sure to enjoy a longer and happier live.2. What does the author state is the most important reason men die five years earlier on average than women?A. Men drink and smoke much more than women.B. Men don't seek medical care as often as women.C.Men aren't as cautions as women in face of danger.D.Men are more likely to suffer from fatal diseases.3.Which of the following best completes the sentence“Geez, if it could happen to him”（line2，para，8）?A. It could happen to me, too.B. I should avoid playing golf.C. I should consider myself lucky.D. It would be a big misfortune.4. What does Dr. Ross Cartmill mean by“the ostrich approach”（line 1 para.9）?A. A casual attitude towards one's health conditions.B. A new therapy for certain psychological problems.C. Refusal to get medical treatment for fear of the pain involved.D. Unwillingness to find out about one's disease because of fear.5. What does Cartmill say about regular check-ups for men?A. They may increase public expenses.B. They will save money in the long run.C. They may cause psychological strains on men.D. They will enable men to live as long as women.Task 2 Directions: This task is the same as Task 1. The 5 questions or unfinished statements are numbered 16 through 20.Do you know how to use a mobile phone without being rude to the people around you?Talking during a performance irritate(激怒) people. If you are expecting an emergency call, sit near the exit doors and set your phone to vibrate. When your mobile phone vibrates, you can leave quietly and let the others enjoy the performance.Think twice before using mobile phones in elevators, museums, churches or other indoor public places—especially enclosed spaces. Would you want to listen to someone’s conversation in these places? Worse yet, how would you feel if a mobile phone rang suddenly during a funeral! It happens often than you think. Avoid these embarrassing situations by making sure your mobile phone is switched off.When eating at restaurant with friends, don’t place yourmobile phone on the table. This conveys the message that your phone calls are more important than those around you.Mobile phones have sensitive microphones that allow you to speak at the volume you would on regular phone. This enables you to speak quietly so that others won’t hear the details of your conversations. If you are calling from a noisy area, use you hand to direct your voice into the microphone.Many people believe that they can’t live without mobile phone. Owning a mobile phone definitely makes life more convenient, but limit your conversations to urgent ones and save the personal calls until you are at home.Choose the best answers to the following questions.6. What should we do when you need to answer a phone call during a performance?A. Call back after the performance.B. Answer it near the exit door.C. Talk outside the exit door.D. Speak in low voice.7. Putting your mobile phone on a restaurant table may make your friends think _______.A. you prefer to talk to your friends at the tableB. you value your calls more than your friendsC.you are enjoying the company of your friendsD.you are polite and considerate of your friends8. When you are calling in a noise area, you are advised to _______.A. use a more sensitive microphoneB. shout loudly into your microphoneC. go away quietly to continue the phone callD. use your hand to hand to help speak into the phone9. The author implies that the use of mobile phones in such p-laces as museums should be _______.A. limitedB. expectedC. discouragedD.recommended10. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. You should limit your mobile phone calls to personal affairs.B. You should speak quietly into your phone while in a church.C. You are supposed to turn off your mobile phone at a funeral.D. You are supposed to use your mobile phone as much as possible.Task 3 Tap DancingMost of the arts in America are a combination of ideas and influences from many sources. Tap dancing certainly fits in this category. It is truly an American art, but it has been influenced by English and Irish dance steps as well as steps from Africa. Some historians argue that tap dancing was first done by slaves on Southern plantations in North America, and that originally steps were done wearing soft-soled shoes. Irish step dancing, which also involves intricate food patterns, contributed the movement of the free leg to one side and the swing of the elbows out ward. Wooden clog shoes were worn as tap dancing evolved, but for long time the steps were done flat-footed.Tap dancing developed into the form we recognize today in the early 20th century. Metal tapd were added to dance shoes, and a number of new techniques were perfected. One of the most important was the change from the flat-footed step to dancingon the balls of the feet. This is commonly attributed to dancer Bill Robinson. Another was the “cramp roll”, in which the dancer would rapidly move from the ballof the right foot to the ball of the left, and then to the heal of each foot. This separation of the steps into distinct areas of the foot, an innovation by dancer John Bubbles, allowed dancers to improvise even more new patterns. Slides across the floor and movements up and down stairs further enlivened tap. So did relaxed arm and shoulder movements. Challenges became a common part of dance routines, with dancers competing very hard to outperform each other with new and difficult steps. Many dancers excelled at tap and contributed to its development. Besides Bill Robinson and John Bubbles, well-known tappers have included Sammy Davis, Jr., Fred Astaire, Eleanor Powell, Gregory Hines, and Savion Glover.11. This text is mainly about。

⾃考英语（⼆）最新复习资料课程代码： 0012 ⼤学英语⾃学教程（上册）课程⾃学辅导材料配套教材：《⼤学英语⾃学教程》（上册）主编：⾼远出版社：⾼等教育版次： 1999年版适⽤层次：本科内部教学使⽤⽬录UNIT ONE内容提要 (1)重点和难点 (1)复习思考题 (4)UNIT TWO内容提要 (6)重点和难点 (6)复习思考题 (8)UNIT THREE内容提要 (10)重点和难点 (10)复习思考题 (12)UNIT FOUR内容提要 (14)重点和难点 (14)复习思考题 (17)UNIT FIVE内容提要 (18)复习思考题 (21)UNIT SIX内容提要 (23)重点和难点 (23)复习思考题 (24)UNIT SEVEN内容提要 (26)重点和难点 (26)UNIT EIGHT内容提要 (29)重点和难点 (30)复习思考题 (31) UNIT NINE内容提要 (32)重点和难点 (33)复习思考题 (34) UNIT TEN内容提要 (35)重点和难点 (36) UNIT ELEVEN内容提要 (39)重点和难点 (40)复习思考题 (41) UNIT TWELVE内容提要 (42)重点和难点 (43)复习思考题 (44) UNIT THIRTEEN 内容提要 (45)重点和难点 (46)复习思考题 (48) UNIT FOURTEEN 内容提要 (49)重点和难点 (50)复习思考题 (51) UNIT FIFTEEN内容提要 (52)重点和难点 (53)复习思考题 (53) UNIT SIXTEEN内容提要 (54)重点和难点 (55)UNIT SEVENTEEN内容提要 (56)重点和难点 (57)复习思考题 (58)UNIT EIGHTEEN内容提要 (58)重点和难点 (59)复习思考题 (60)TEST PAPER (1) (62)TEST PAPER (2) (72)KEYS (83)Unit One内容提要:重点和难点Text A1.conversely : ad. 相反地You can add the water to the powder or, conversely, the powder to the water.可以将⽔加到粉末⾥，或者相反，将粉末加到⽔⾥。