热动专业外语复习题

热能工程专业英语abnormal abn 不规则的abnormal operating condition 异常工况abort 中断,停止above abv 在……上面abrader 研磨,磨石,研磨工具abrasion resistance 耐磨性abrupt change 突变absence 失去absence of brush 无(碳)刷absolute abs 绝对的absolute expansion 绝对膨胀absolute pressure abs p 绝对压力absolute atmosphere ata 绝对大气压absorb 吸收absorber asb 阻尼器吸收器absorptance 吸收比,吸收率ac lub oil pump 交流润滑油泵acceleration 加速acceleration limiter 加速度限制器accelerator 加速器accept 接受acceptance test 验收试验access 通道accident accd 事故accommodate 容纳accomplish 完成,达到accumulate 累积accumulator 蓄能器accumulator 蓄电池,累加器accumulator acm 收集(累加)器accumulator battery 蓄电池组accuracy 精确度，准确度acid 酸性,酸的acid cleaning 酸洗acid cleaning acd clg 酸清洗acid washing 酸洗acidic acid acd 酸化学物质acknowledge ack 确认acquisition 发现,取得action 动作，行为active 激励active current 有功电流active power 有效功率active zone 有效区active power a_pw 有功功率actual value 实际值actuator 驱动器additional safeguard oil 附加保安油address 地址adequate 适当的，充分的adjacent adj. 相邻的adjacent boiler adj. blr 邻炉adjust 调整，校正adjustable fan blade 可调扇页adjustable key 可调整销adjusting adj 调整adjustment 调整，调节admission steam 进汽admission mode 进汽方式aerial line 天线aerodynamic loss 空气动力损失aftercondenser acds 凝结器后aftercooler aclr 冷却器后agent 代理agreement 协议ai (analog input) 模拟量输入ail leak al 漏风air 空气air & gas system 空煤气系统air blast circuit breaker a blscct bkr 空气(风机)断路器air blast circuit breaker a bls cctbkr 鼓风机回路断路器abcdair chamber 空气室air compressor 空气压缩机air compressor a cprs 空压机air compressor and drier a cprs&drr 空压机及其驱动装置ac&dair conditioning (system) a cond(sys) 空气调节系统air cooled a col 空气冷却的air cooled condensing planta col cdsgpt 空气冷却设备accpair cooled condensing unit a colcdsg u 空气冷却设备accuair cooler 空气冷却器air cooler a clr 空气冷却器air cushion 气垫air gap 空气隙air handling unit a hdlg u 空气输送设备ahuair heater a htr 空气加热器air inlet valve 进气阀air nozzles 空气喷嘴air preheater 空气预热器air pressure reducer aprd 空气减压器air receiver a rcvr 储气罐air compressor 空压机air duct pressure 风管压力air ejector 抽气器air exhaust fan 排气扇air flow 风量air heater 空气加热器air preheater aph 空预器air receiver 空气罐air side 空侧airfoil 叶片剖面air-to-water cooler 空-水冷却器alarm alm 报警alarm display 报警显示alarm point 报警点alarm value 报瞥值alarm window alm win 光字牌algorithm 算法，运算法则align 对中aligning pin 对中销alignment 对中all steam admission 全周进汽all phases 3 ph 全相allowable stress 允许应力allowed temperature rise limit 允许温升限定值alloy 合金alphanumeric 字母数字alternating current ac 交流altitude 高度，海拔ambient 周围的，环境的ambient condition 环境条件ambient temperature 周围环境温度ambient temp 环境温度ammeter 电流表，安培计ammeter alternator excitation am altr xctn励磁发电机安培计aaxammeter phase r(s)(t) am phs r(s)(t) 相电流计r(s)(t) aphrammonia tank 氨水箱ampere (a) 安培amplification 放大，增益amplifier 放大器amplify 放大amplitude 振幅amplitude apt 振幅analog 模拟量analog 模拟analog input 模拟输入analog-to-digital a/d 模拟转换analogue 模数analysis 分析anchor 锚，锚定anchor bolt 地脚螺栓anglar position transmitterang posxmtr 角位置变送器apxangle 角度angle of lag 滞后角angle of lead 超前角angle valve 角伐anion 阴离子anion exchanger an xchg 负离子交换器axcanionic exchanger 阴离子交换器announce 通知，宣布annual 年的，年报annual energy output 年发电量annular 环行的annunciation of leakage 泄露报瞥annunciator lamp"alarm"anc lamp"alm" “报警”灯al"alm"anode 阳极，正极anthracite 无烟煤anticipate 预期，期望anti-foam dosing anti-fm dos 抗泡沫药剂afdanti-interference 抗干扰antimagnetic steel 反磁性钢ao (analog output) 模拟量输出aph slow motion motor 空预器低速马达apparatus apr 仪器设备apparent power 视在功率applicable apl 适用的application program 应用程序approach 近似值，接近approximate 大约arc 电弧，弧光arch firing 弧形燃烧architecture 建筑物结构area 分区area 面积，区域argon arc welding 氩弧焊armature 电枢，转子衔铁armature time constant 电枢时间常数armature winding 电枢线圈armored 铠装的，装甲的arranged horizontally 水平布置arrester 避雷器asbestos 石棉ash 灰烬，废墟ash content 灰分，含灰量ash conveyor ash cvy 灰输送器ash crusher 碎渣机ash extractor ash xtr 分离设备ash handing system 除灰系统ash hopper 灰斗ash moistening pump ash mstnpmp 灰加湿泵ampash pond 灰场ash pump ash pmp 灰渣泵apash silo 灰库ash handling 除灰ash hopper ash hop 灰斗ash settling pond 沉渣池ash slurry pump 灰浆泵assemble 安装，组装assembly 组装的assembly asmb 安装成套组件assembly plan 组装图assume 假定,采取,担任assured value 保证值asymmetric loads 不对称负载asymmetrical 不对称的、不均匀的asynchronous 不同步的、异步的asynchronous motor 异步马达atc (automatic turbine control) 汽机自启停控制atmosphere 大气，大气压atmosphere relief diaphragm 防爆门atmospheric pressure 大气压力atmospheric relief valve atm rel vlv 对空排汽门atomizer atmz 喷雾(化)器atomizing atm 雾化atomizing 雾化atomizing type deaerator 喷雾式除氧器attemperater 减温器，调温器attemperating water 减温水attemperator 减温器attemperator 恒温器、保温装置attemperator atmp(s) 减温器attempt 企图attention 注意attenuation 衰減,减少,降低attitude 状态，位置austenitic stainless steel 奥氏体不锈钢auto reclose 自动重合闸auto transfer 自动转移autoformer 自耦变压器automatic auto 自动automatic 自动的automatic change over aut chg ov 自动切换acoautomatic control damper aut ctl dam 自动控制档板acdpautomatic controller 自动控制器automatic program control aut prgm ctl 自动程序控制apcautomatic synchronizing aut syn 自动同步automatic voltage control aut v ctl 自动电压控制avcautomatic voltage regulator 自动电压调节器automatic voltage regulator aut v rglr 自动电压调节avrgautomatic voltage selection aut sel 自动选择电压avsautomatic voltage selection aut v sel 自动电压选择avsautomatic voltage regulator 自动调压器automatically 自动的auxiliary aux 辅助auxiliary 附属设备auxiliary 辅助的，厂用的、辅助的auxiliary bearing oil pumpaux brg opmp 辅助轴承油泵abopauxiliary boiler 厂用锅炉auxiliary boiler aux blr 辅助锅炉auxiliary control room aux ctl rm 辅助控制室acrauxiliary oil pump 辅助油泵auxiliary power 厂用电auxiliary station transformer aux stn xfm 辅助变压站asxauxiliary steam system 辅助蒸汽系统auxiliary system 辅助系统auxiliary system & miscellaneous 附属系统及其他auxiliary transformer aux xfmauxiliary power 厂用电availability 可利用率availability 可用性available 有效的,可用的available availability avl 有效的适用的average 平均的average velocity 平均速度avoid 避免,回避avometer 万用表,安伏欧表计avr 自动电压调节器axial 轴向、轴向的、轴(流)的axial bearing axl brgaxial cooling 轴向冷却axial displacement / axial shift 轴向位移axial fan 轴流风扇axial position indicator 轴向位置指示器axial vibration 轴向振动axial displacement axi disp 轴向位移axial-flow 轴流式axis 轴,轴线axis ax 轴线中心线axis disp protection 轴向位移，保护axle 轴，车轴，心捧babbitt-lined bearing 巴氏合金衬的轴承back ba 后back 背后，反向的back pressure 背压back up 备用back up bk up 返回back pressure 背压back up 支持，备用back ward 向后back wash 反冲洗backdraft damper bkdr dam 倒转(回转)挡板backfeed bkfdbackflow 回流backflushing bkfl 逆流清洗background bgnd 背部backup 备用back-up water 补充水backwash bkws 反冲洗backwashing 反洗、反冲backwashing bkws 反冲洗baffle 隔板bag filter 除尘布袋bailey water wall 卫燃带水冷壁balance 平衡balance diagram 平衡图balance pipe 平衡管balance pipe bal pp 平衡管balance piston 平衡活塞balance tank bal tk 平衡容器balance weight 配重balanced voltage bald v 平衡电压balancing disc 平衡盘balancing hole 平衡孔ball 球ball bearing ba brg 滚珠轴承ball collector 收球室ball mill 球磨煤机ball pulverize 球磨机ball recirculating pump blr rcclpmp 胶球清洗循环泵brpball recirculating pump ba rcclpmp brpball screen 收球网ball tube mill 钢球磨煤机ball valve 球阀bar 条、棒、巴，条杆bar br 巴(压力单位)bar absolute br abs 巴绝对压力bar chart display 棒状图显示bar gauge br gg 基准棒bar screen 蓖子筛、铁条筛bar screen material classifier 栅形滤网barrier 障碍物、屏障barrier brr (障碍物)挡板barring gear 盘车barring gear oil pump 盘车油泵base 基础、根据base controller 基本控制器base load power plant 基本负荷电厂base load 基本负荷base mode 基本方式base plate 基础台板baseplate bspl 底板支撑板basin bsn 水槽basket bkt 篮子(笼子)batch processing unit 批处理单元battery bat 电池battery earth fault bat eth flt 电池接地故障beftbe shrunk on 热套装be out of order nodr 失灵bearing bear 轴承bearing burnt-out 轴承损坏、烧瓦bearing friction 轴承摩擦bearing neck dipping inclination 轴颈垂度bearing neck up-dipping inclination 铀颈扬度bearing oil drain 轴承油出口bearing pad 轴瓦、轴衬bearing pedestal 轴承座bearing pedestal brg ped 轴承托架bearing shell 轴承壳bearing shell 轴承外壳bearing shell vibration brg shl vib 轴承罩振动bsvbearing shoe grinding 轴瓦研磨bearing span 轴承跨度bearing vibration 轴承振动bearing box bb 轴承箱bearing vibration bear vbrt 轴振bearingcooler brg clr 轴承冷却口beater head 锤头beater mill 锤击式磨煤机before 在…之前bell 铃bellow 波纹管bellow bel 在……下面belt 带，皮带belt coal feeder 皮带式给燥机belt feeder 皮带给煤机bend 挠度，弯曲bending stress 弯曲应力beneath 在…之下besel 监视孔between btw 在……之间bias 偏差bil (basic insulation level ) 绝缘基本冲击耐压水平bimetallic 双金属的bin 煤粉仓bin coal feeder 斗式给煤机bin feeder 斗式给料机bin, pulverized coal bunker bin 粉仓binary 二进制，双binary bin 二进制biological bio 生物的black box bla bx 接线盒bbblack out 大停电，全厂停电blade 叶片blade bld 叶栅blade carriers 隔板套blade frequency test 叶片频率试验blade groove 叶片槽blade top 叶顶blade vibration 叶片振动blade wheel 叶轮blading 叶栅blanket type insulation 垫子式保温blas 偏置，偏压blast 鼓风bled 放气bled steam bled stm 排放蒸气bled steam line bled stm ln 排放蒸气线bsl bleed 放气，放水bleed line 排汽管线blinking voltage blkg v 瞬间电压block blk 模块block diagram 方框图，方块图blocked blocking blk 模块化单元化blocking block 堵塞blocking signal 闭锁信号blow 吹blow down b dw 放气,排除blow down tank b dw tk 排污容器bdt blow tank 疏水箱blow down 排污blowdown pump 排污泵blowdown rate 排污率blowdown valve 排污阀blow-down valve b dw vv 放气阀(排污门) bdvblow-down valve b dw vv 排污阀bdvblower 鼓风机blowing out of boiler 锅炉吹管blowing pipe 吹洗管blowlamp 喷灯blow-out 吹管blue 蓝色bms watchdog bms看门狗，bms监视器board bd 板bobbin bbin 筒体bod (break over diodes) 击穿二极管body 本体boiler 锅炉boiler acid cleaning approach 锅炉酸洗方法boiler acid cleaning equipment锅炉酸洗设备boiler air and flue gas system 锅炉烟风系统boiler and auxiliaries （锅炉及其附属设备）boiler auxiliary equipment 锅炉辅助设备boiler blow out 锅炉冲管boiler cladding blr clad 锅炉外壳boiler cold start 锅炉冷态启动boiler control panel 锅炉控制屏boiler drain and vent system 锅炉疏水和放气系统boiler drainage system 锅炉排放系统boiler efficiency 锅炉效率boiler feed pump 锅炉给水泵boiler feed water system 锅炉给水系统boiler feed pump blr fp 锅炉给水泵bfpboiler feedpump turbine blr fp tub锅炉给水泵汽轮机bfptboiler house blr hse 锅炉房boiler proper 锅炉本体boiler roof blr rf 炉顶boiler shut-down 停炉boiler water circulating pump 炉水循环泵boiler water level gauge 锅炉水位计boiler feeder water pump turbine bfpt 小汽机boiler feedwater pump bfp 锅炉给水泵boiler hall blr hall 锅炉房boil-off 蒸发汽化bolt 螺栓bolt heating device 螺栓加热装置boost bst 增压，提高boost centrifugal pump bst cep 凝升泵boost pump bp 升压泵booster bst (加速器)升压泵booster bst 前置的booster condensateextraction pumpbst cdstxtrn pmp 凝结水升压泵bcxpbooster fan 前置泵风扇booster pump 升压泵、前置泵、注油器booster pump bst pmp 升压泵booster pump bp 前置泵boot strap 模拟线路，辅助程序bore 孔、钻孔boroscope 内孔窥视仪bottom btm 底bottom firing 炉底燃烧bounce 跳动，抖动boundary condition 边界条件bowl bowl 磨碗bowl mill bol mll 球磨机bowl mill 碗式磨box box 盒boxer firing 盒式燃烧bracket 支架，托架，括号branch brch 支路brash 脆性，易脆的brass 铜braze 钎焊、铜焊breadth 宽度break 断开，断路break-away torque 启动力矩breaker 断路器breaker coil 跳闸线路breaking brk 断路breeze 微风，煤粉brens-chluss 熄火，燃烧终结bridge 电桥，跨接，桥形网络bridge bdg 桥bridge gauge 桥规brigade 班，组，队，大队british standard blr stdd 英国标准bs british standard brt stdd 英国标准bs brittle 易碎的brittle failure 脆断、脆性破坏brittle fracture 脆性断裂broach device brch dvc 拉(削)(分)设备broadcast 广播brochure 小册子brown coal 褐煤brownout 节约用电brush 电刷，刷子brush gear 碳刷装置brush rocker 电刷摇环、刷架brush-holder 刷握buchholtz bchtz 瓦斯buchholtz protecter 瓦斯保护buchholz buhbucket 斗，吊斗buckstay 支柱buffer 阻尼器、缓冲器buffer tank bf tk 缓冲容器buffer tank 缓冲箱building bldg 安装build-up 建起built-in blt-in 内置于built-in thermocouple 嵌入式热电偶built-up 组装bulletin 公告，公报bump 碰，撞击bumpless switchover 无扰切换bundle bdl 束bunker 煤仓bunker buk 灰仓煤斗bunker house buk hse 灰仓burden 载荷burner bnr 燃烧器burner flame detector bnr flm det 燃烧器火焰检测bfdburner scanner bnr scnr 燃烧器扫描器burner throat 燃烧器喷口burner management system 燃烧器管理系统burning rate 燃烧效率burning exhaust brnht 燃尽burst 爆发，猝发burst disc 破碎盘bus 母线bus buffer amplifier 总线缓冲放大器bus connector between levels 级间总线连接器bus connector between stations站间总线连接器bus coupling module 总线耦合模件bus distribution module 总线分配模件bus end module 总线终端模件bus section 母线段busbar 母线busbar bsbr 线棒busbar frame 母线支架buscouple 母联bush bush 轴瓦bushing 衬管、套管butterfly valve bfv 蝶阀button 按钮button but 接缝bypass byps 旁路bypass byp 旁路bypass station byp stn 旁路站bypass valve byp vv 旁路阀bypass valve 旁路阀bypass/by pass byp 旁路cabinet cab 机柜cabinet 柜cable ca 电缆cable duct ca duct 电缆沟(槽)cable rack ca rk 电缆托架cable tray ca try 电缆沟槽(托架)cable trench ca trch 电缆沟calculated temperature rise 计算温升calculation cal 计算calculation calculated calc 计算calculator 计算器caliber 管径、尺寸、大小calibrated span 标定量程calibration clb 校准,分度calibration tool 校验工具caloric 热的、热量caloric value 发热量、热值calorie 卡calorie cal 大卡(千卡)calorific 发热的、热量的calorific efficiency 热效率cam 凸轮cam gear 凸轮装置camera cam 摄像机canal can 沟(槽)管路cancel 取消、省略capability 能力capability of overload 过负荷能力capacitance 电容capacitance capac 电容capacitive reactance 容抗capacitor cpct 电容器capacity 容量、出力、能量capacity cap 容量capillary 毛细管carbon packing 石墨填料carbon steel 碳钢card （电子）板、卡carriage crg 车,架,(计)累加器carrier 搬运机、载波、带电粒子carrier current crr cur 载流carrier frequency crr frq 载频(载波频率)carrier protection 高频保护carrying crr 携带,输送carrying air crra 输送空气cascade cas 串级case pipe 套管casine 壳、箱casing 汽缸、缸体casing csg 箱,壳cast 铸造cast resin type transformer 干式变送器cast steel 铸钢casting cstg 铸造casual 偶然的、临时、不规则的casual inspection 不定期检查、临时检查casualty 人身事故、伤亡、故障catalog 目录catalyzep cat 催化剂catastrophe 灾祸、事故catastrophe failure 重大事故cathode 阴板、负极cathode ctd 阴极,负极cathode ray tube crt 显示器cathodic protection 阴极保护cation cation 阳离子cation echanger catn xchg 阳离子交换机cation exchanger 阳离子交换器cat-pad 猫爪caulked into 嵌入caulking piece 嵌入片caulking tool 嵌入工具caustic cstc 腐蚀性的caution 注意cavitation 汽蚀ccs (coordinated control system) 协调控制系统ceiling clng 顶棚ceiling current 顶值电流ceiling factor 顶值倍数ceiling voltage 顶值电压celsius centigrade ℃℃cement 水泥、结合剂cement cmt 水泥center ctr 中心centering 定中心centerline 中心线centi ccentigrade 摄氏温标centimeter cm 厘米central bore 中心孔central control room cet ctl rm 中央控制室ccrmcentral control room 中控室central processing unit cpu 中央处理器centralized downcomer 集中下降管centrifugal 离心的centrifugal ctfg 切向的centrifugal force 离心力centrifugal pump 离心泵centrifugal fan 离心风机certificate 证明书、执照certification of fitness 合格证书、质量证书cfb=circulating fluidized bed 循环流化床chain chn 链条chamber 办公室、会议室change 改变change over 切换changeover 切换changeover valve chg ov vv 切操(换向)阀covvchannel chanl 通道、频道character 字符character chrt 性质,特点,字母characteristic chtt 特征,性能characteristics 特性、特性曲线charge charge 充电charge 负荷、充电、加注charge chr 电负荷,充电charge indicator 验电器、带电指示器charging,charger chrg 充电器charpy impact test 摆锤式冲击试验chart 图、图线图chassis 底座、机壳chassis earth 机壳接地chech valve chk vv 检查阀check chk 校正check 检查check chk 检查check valve 逆止阀check valve ck vlv 截止线、止回线check valve, non-return valve chkv 逆止门chemical 化学chemical chm 化合物chemical dosing chm dos 化学药剂chemical dosing pipe 化学加药管chemical dosing pump chm dospmp 化学加药泵cdpchemical feed and samplingsystem 化学加药和取样系统chemical storage chm str 化学药品存储chemical tank chm tk 化学药品罐chemical dosing 化学加药chest 室chevron dryer 人字形干燥器chief chf 总chief 主要的、首长、首领chief engineer 总工程师chief operator 值班长chilled water chl wtr 已冷却的水chilled water return chl wtr rt 冷却水返回cwrchilled water supply chl wtr spl 冷却水供给cwslchiller chlr 冷却装置chimmey chi 烟囱chimney 烟囱、烟道chlorination(plant) chlor(pt) 氯化处理(厂)chlorine 氯chrome crm 铬(钢)chromium 铬chromium steel 铬钢chronological sequence 时间顺序chronometer crnm (精密)计时器chute chu 斜槽cinder 灰渣cinder dump 灰场circuit cct 电路cct bkr tpcoil 断路器跳闸线圈cbtccircuit breaker 电路断路器circuit diagram 电路图circular current 环流circulating cir 循环circulating 循环circulating rate / ratio 循环倍率circulating water boosterpumpccl wtr bstpmp 循环水升压泵cbwpcirculating water pump ccl wtr pmp 循环水泵cwpcirculating water screen ccl wtr scn 循环水滤网cwscirculating cooling water 循环冷却水circulating water cir wtr 循环水circulating water pump 循环水泵circulation 循环circulation multiple 循环倍数circulation ratio 循环倍率civil engineering 土木工程clamp 夹具、钳clamping yoke 夹具clarification 澄清clarifier clrf 过滤器class 类、等级、程度class "f" “f”级class of insulation 绝缘等级class,classification clss 等级,分类classifier 粗粉分离器classifier clfr 粗粉分离器classifier 粗粉分离器claw coupling 爪形联轴器clean 清洗，净化，提纯clean cooling water cln clg wtr 清洁冷却水ccwclean cooling water returnpumpcln clg wtrrt pmp 清洁冷却水回收泵ccwrpclean drains return pumpcln drn rtpmp 清洁疏水回收泵cdrpclean drains tank cln drn tk 清洗疏水箱cdtkcleaning brush 清洁刷cleaning coefficient / cleanliness factor 清洁系数cleanliness 清洁度cleanse 净化、洗净、消毒clear 清除clear cler 清楚,清除clearance 间隙，空隙，清除clearance-free 无间隙clearance-free shroud 无间隙围带clearing of fault 故障清除cleat 楔子clock clk 时钟clock frequency 时钟频率clock interface unit ciu 时钟接口单元clockwise 顺时针、右旋的close cl 关close 关闭close demand cd 关命令close switch cl swth 合闸close,closed cld 关闭closed cl 闭式closed cd 已关, 关状态closed circuit cld cct 关闭回路closed circuit cooler cld cct clr 冷却器关闭回路ccc closed circuit cooling waterpumpcld cct clgwtr pmp 冷却水泵关闭回路cccwpclosed circuit cooling watersystemcld cct clgwtr sys 冷却水系统关闭回路cccwsclosed cycle cooling water ( cccw )闭式循环冷却水closed cycle cooling water system壁式循环冷却水系统closed loop control cld lp ctl 关闭回路控制clcclosed circulating water cl cir wtr闭式循环水closed cooling water 闭式冷却水closed position cp 关状态closed-loop 闭环closed-loop control 闭环控制closed-loop regulation 闭环调节cluster 电池组、组、群clutch 离合器cmt (commissioning andmaintenance tool) 调试和维修工具co2 cylinder rack co2 cyl rk 二氧化碳气屏架coal 煤coal cl 煤coal burner 煤粉燃烧器coal conveyor 输煤传送装置coal feeder 给煤机coal feeder 给煤机coal fineness 煤粉细度coal fired boiler 燃煤锅炉coal handling system 输煤系统coal hopper 煤斗coal hopper cl hpr 煤斗coal jamming 堵煤coal pulverizer, coal mill 磨煤机coal yard 煤场coal ash 煤灰coal blocking coal block 堵煤coal breaker 碎煤机coal consumption 耗煤量、煤耗coal conveyer coal cvr 输煤机coal crusher 碎煤机coal dust 煤粉coal handling 输煤设备、输煤装置coal hopper 煤斗coal mill mill 磨煤机coal yard 煤场coal-fired power plant 燃煤发电厂coarse 粗的、不精确的coarse crs 粗的coarse screen crs scn 粗网coated cot 电镀(层)coaxial cable 同轴电缆coaxial cable 同轴电缆cobblestone cs 石子code 编码，规范code 代号、密码coefficient 系数cog cog 齿cog cog 齿部cogeneration 联合供热cogeneration power plant 热电厂coil 线圈coil pipe 蛇形管cold 冷cold air duct 冷风道cold condensate (storage)tankcold cdst(str) tk 冷凝箱cc(s)tcold end 冷端cold reheat (line) cold rh (ln) 冷再(管线)cold start 冷态启动cold terminal compensation 冷端补偿cold air 冷风cold reheater crh 再热器冷段cold reserve 冷备用（锅炉）cold start 冷态启动cold test 冷态试验collar 轭部collect 收集collecting rapper cll rpcollecting pipe 集水管collecting,collector,collection cll 收集(器)collection clct 收集collector 收集器color display 彩显colour 颜色colour library 颜色库column clm 圆柱,水银柱combin 合并、联合combination cbn 组装combined reheat stop andinterceptcbn rh st &itc 再热联合截止及中间调节crs&i combined thrust and journal bearing 联合轴承combined steam valve csv 联合汽门combiner combnr 组件combustion 燃烧combustion air cmb a 燃烧空气combustion chamber 燃烧室combustion control 燃烧调节combustion efficiency 燃烧效率come into operation 投入运行comer cmr 新来者command 命令、指挥commission 试运commission 使投入、使投产commission(ing) cms 调试commissioning 调试common com 公用common 共同的、普通的common com 公共的common mode rejection ratio 共模抑制比common mode voltage 共模电压common transformer cx 公用变communication 联系、通讯communication cmn 通道communication interface 通讯接口communication protocol 通讯协议commutator 换向器company co 公司company limited co ltd 有限公司compare 比较compatible 协调，一致，兼容compendograph cpgrcompensate 补偿compensating,compensation cmpt 补偿compensation 补偿compensator cmp 补偿器complete 完成complex comp 复合complexity 复杂complicated 复杂的component cpnt 元件,部件compose cmps 合成compound cpd 混合,化合物compress 压缩compressed air cpr a 压缩空气compressed air system 压缩空气系统compressed air cpress air 压缩空气compresser 压缩机compression cprn 压缩compressor cprs 压缩机computer 计算机computer cpt 计算机computer room cpt rm 计算机室computer virus 计算机病毒computing module 计算模件concentric 同心的concentricity 同心、同心度concrete 混凝土concrete 混凝土制的concrete wall 水泥墙concurrent 同时发生的、一致的concurrent boiler 直流锅炉cond press 凝结器压力condensate cnd 凝结condensate 凝结水condensate 冷凝、使凝结condensate collection tank cdst clltk 凝水收集罐cctkcondensate extractionbooster pumpcdst xtrnbst pmp 凝结水升压泵cxbpcondensate extraction pumpcdst xtrnpmp 凝结水泵cxpcondensate extraction pump cep凝结水泵condensate flash vessel cdst fls vs凝结水扩容器cfvcondensate hardness 凝结水硬度condensate make-up tank cdst mutk 凝结水补水箱cmtkcondensate quality 凝结水质condensate return pump cdst rt pmp 凝水回收泵crpcondensate storage tank cdst str tk 凝结贮水箱cstcondensate extraction pump cep 凝结水泵condensate pump cnd p 凝结水泵condensated water cnd wtr 凝结水condensation point 凝结点condenser cnsr 凝汽器condenser 凝汽器condenser cond/cnder 凝结器condenser low vacuum 凝汽器真空低condenser neck / condenser throat 凝汽器喉部condensing turbine 凝汽器式汽轮机condensive reactance 容抗condition 条件、状况conditioning cond 状态,条件conduct 传递conduct 传导conductivity condt 导电度conductivity 导电性、导电率conduit cnd 导管conference 会议、商讨、谈判configuration 组态，配置configure 组态congealer 冷却器、冷冻器conical 锥形的conical cyclone seperator 旋风分离器conical pin 锥形销connecting line 接线connecting method 接线方式connecting tube 连接箱connection 联接connection,connector cnc 连接connector cntr 连通管connector 联接器、接线盒conpleted,complete cplt 完全的console 控制台console cns 盘,台constant 恒定的constant cnst 恒定的(值)constant pressure operation 定压运行constant-pressure valve 稳压阀construction 结构、建筑construction cstr 安装consult 商量、咨询、参考consumable 消耗品consumption 消耗，消费consumption cspt 消耗consumption steam 汽耗contact 接触，触点contact cnt 触点,接点contact free seal 无接触密封contact to earth 接地、触地、碰地contactor 接触器、触头contactor cntr 接触器container ctnr 罐container ctnr 容器contamination 杂质、脏物content 目录content ctt 内容,目录contin blwdwn 连排continue blowdown ctn bldn 连排continue blowdown flashtank ctn bldn fltk 连排扩容器continuous 连续的continuous ctn 连续的contract 合同control ctl 控制control 控制control cntr/cntpl 控制control ctl 控制control accuracy 控制精度control board 控制板control drive ctl drv 控制驱动control loop 控制回路control oil 控制油control room 控制室control room ctl rm 控制室control stage 控制级、调节级control system 控制系统control valve 控制阀、调节阀control & instrument 仪控control box ctl box 控制箱control demand ctl dmd 控制命令(对调节阀)control loop 控制环control oil 控制油control panel 控制盘control room ctl room 控制室control stage 调节级、控制级control valve 调节阀controlled rectifier unit 可控硅整流器单元controller 控制器controller ctlr 控制器control-valve ctl-vv 控制阀cvconutinuous line recorder ctnln-rcdr 连续线记录仪clrcconve cton sh 低温过热器convection (热)传导、对流convection 对流converge cnvg 汇流conversion cvs 转换convert 转换converter cvt 转换器,变压器convertor 运输机、传输机converyor air fan cvyg a fan 输送风机cafconveyor cvy 传送conveyor belt cvy blt 传送带conveyor bridge cvy bdg 传送桥cool 冷的cool down 冷却cool reheat cool rht 冷再热cooled col 冷却的cooler 冷却器cooler clr 冷却器cooler 冷却器cooler clr 冷却器cooling clg 冷却cooling 冷却cooling clg 冷却cooling air inlet temperature 冷却空气入口温度cooling chamber 冷却室cooling system 冷却系统cooling tower 冷却水塔cooling tower clg tr 冷却塔cooling water 冷却水cooling water clg wtr 冷却水cooling water pump houseclg wtr pmphse 冷却水泵房clwphcooling water return clg wtr rt 冷却水回收clwrcooling water return channel clgwtr rtchnl 冷却水回收管道clwrccooling water return pumpclg wtr rtpmp 冷却水回收泵clwrpcooling water supply clg wtr spl 冷却水供给clwscooling air (blower) fan clg air fan 冷却风机cooling fan 冷却风机cooling tower 冷却塔cooling water pump 冷却水泵coop economizer 蛇形管省煤器coordinate coord 协调coordinate boiler follow mode 协调的锅炉跟随方式coordinate control system 协调控制系统coordinate turbine follow mode 协调的汽机跟随方式coordination,coordinate crd 协调copper leads 铜引线copper loss 铜损copy 拷贝core 铁心、核心、磁心core 铁心core loss 铁（芯损）耗corner crnr 角corner 角落correction 修正、改正correction,corrected,corrector corp 校正(仪)corrosion crsn 腐蚀corrosion fatigue 腐蚀疲劳corrosion inhibitor crsn ihb 抗腐蚀剂corrosive crsv 腐蚀的cosine cos 余弦cost 价格、成本、费用cost of fuel 燃料费用cost of upkeep 日常费用、维护费用counter 计数器counter cont 计数器counter clockwise 逆时针countered 抵消countersunk 埋头孔counterweight cw 平衡重量,砝码coupler,couple cpl 耦合(器)coupling 耦合、联轴coupling cplg 耦合coupling bolt 联轴器螺栓coupling face 耦合面coupling flange 联轴器法兰cover cov 覆盖crane crn 起重机crank crk 曲柄crank shaft 曲轴creep speed 很低的转速crevice crvc 夹层crevice crvc 间隙criteria 标准criteria crt 判据critical 临界的critical crit 临界的,极限的critical speed 临界转速critical speed crit sp 临界转速critical speed 临界速度cross over cro ov 剖面,跨越cross over pipe 联通管cross section 横截面cross shaft synchronizing reactance 横轴同步电抗cross-current 涡流crossover butterfly valve 通流蝶阀cross-over line cro-ov ln 架空线coln cross-section 横断面、截面crowbar 跨接器crown crw 曲面,轮圈,齿冠crt (cathode ray tube) 阴极射线管crusher 碎渣机crusher cru 破碎机crusher house cru hse 破碎机室cube 立方（体）cubic cu 立方的,三次曲线cubic centimeter cm*3 立方厘米cubic meter m*3 米3cubic meter per hour m*3/hr 米3/小时cubic millimeter mm*3 立方微米cubical 机柜cubicle 机柜cubicle cbc 室cubicle load cbc ld 配电室负荷(负载) cubicle illumination 箱内照明culvert clv 电缆管道cu-ni alloy 铜-镍合金curdle 凝固curive crv 曲线current 电流、当前current cur 电流,(当前的)current envelope 电流包络线current limiting resistor 限流电阻current transformer 电流互感器current transformer cur xfm 电流变送器current transformer ct 电流互感器cursor 光标curve 曲线curve 曲线custom 习惯、海关custom keys 用户键customer valve cv 用户阀cut off the water supply wtr cut断水cutter 切削工具cutter cut 切削刀cxciter end(side) xct ed 励磁端(侧)cyanic 青色、深蓝色cycle 周期，循环cycle 循环、周期、周波cycle cy 周(期)循环cycle efficiency 循环效率cycle per minute cy/min 每分钟一个周期cycle per second cy/s 每秒一个周期cyclome classifier 旋风分离器cyclone separator 旋风分离器cyclone separator csep 细粉分离器cylinder cyl 汽缸cylinder bolt 汽缸螺栓cylinder claw 汽缸猫爪cylinder groove 汽缸凹窝cylinder,cylindrical cyl 圆柱体,汽缸cylindrical pin 柱形销cylindrical rotor 圆柱式转子cymometer 频率表daily dly 每日的daily service iol tank sly srv o tk日常供油箱dsotdaily load 日负荷daily load curve 日负荷曲线damage 损坏、破坏damage of water wall tube 水冷壁管损坏damp 阻尼damper dmpr 挡板damper dmpr 阻尼器、挡板damper cage 阻尼笼damper winding 阻尼线圈danger 危险、危险物danger zone 危险区dank 潮湿das (data acquisition system) 数据采集系统data 数据data communication bus 数据通讯总线data logger dt lgr 数据记录data logging 数据记录data processing dt pcs 数据处理data refreshing period 数据刷新周期data sheet 数据表data acquisition system das 数据采集系统data highway 数据高速公路data pool 数据库database 数据库date 日期date list 数据清单datum dat 数据dc lub oil pump 直流润滑油泵dc-field breaker 直流灭磁开关dcs (distributed control system) 分散控制系统de (drive end) 驱动端dead band 不灵敏区、死区dead time 死区dead weight 自重dead-band 死区deadline 最后期限deaeration 除氧deaerator 除氧器deaerator dea 除氧器deaerator 除氧器deaerator dea/deae/deaer 除氧器deaerator dea 除氧器deaerator storage tank 除氧水箱deaerator storage tank dea str tk 除氧器水。

翻译句子1.the dimensions of a main powerhouse refer to its length,width and height.主厂房的尺寸包括长宽高2.Besides the water passageways and electric system,oil system,water supply system,drainage system,air system,and facilities for lighting,ventilating,heating or air-conditioning,fire-protecting and so on are provided in order to ensure the erection,maintenance and normal operation of the powerhouse.除了引水系统和电气系统，还提供油系统，供水系统、气系统、照明、通风、制热制冷系统、消防等，用来确保厂房的安装、维护和正常运行。

3.Two types of oil are used in a power plant,motor oil and insulaing oil. 电厂使用两种油：汽轮机油和绝缘油4.A power plant complex usually consists of four parts:the main powerhouse,the auxiliary plant,the transforms yard,and the switch station.发电厂一般由四部分组成：主厂房、辅助厂房、变压器室和开关站。

5.Distributor assemblies consisting of spiral cases,head cover,bottom ring,and wicket gate are used to control the amount and direction of the water entering into the rotating turbine.导水机构安装由蜗壳、顶盖、底环和用来控制进入旋转转轮中水的流量和流向的活动导叶组成。

选择题：1.If the system does not exchange energy with surroundings, it is an _________A open systemB closed systemC isolated systemD ontrol volume2. If the temperature of the liguid is lower than the saturation emperature for the existingpressure,it is called a_________liquid.A superheatedB subcooledC saturationD dry saturated3. If the efficiency of a real engine is significantly_______ the efficiency of a Carnotengine between the same limits, thenadditional improvements may be possible.A lower thanB more thanC equal toD greater than4. The velocity bector of a flow is expressed as V =ax2i+byztj, such a flow is a ____dimensional flow.A oneB twoC threeD four5. the critical Reynolds number of a rough-walled pipe is about_______.A 3x106B 3x105C 2000D 15006. If _______，the density variations influence the flow and compressibility effects shuldbe accounted for;such flows are compressinle flows.A M>0.3B M<0.3C M>0.2D M>0.17. Any _______effects that may exist are confined to a thin layer,called a boundarylayer,that is attached to the boundary ,the velocity in a boundary laryer is alwayszero at a fixed wall.A shearB gravitationalC inertialD viscous8. The ratio of the heat transfer surface area of a heat exchanger to its volume is calledthe area densityβ.A heat exchanger with_______is classifiedas being compact.A β<700m2/m3Bβ>700m2/m3Cβ>500m2/m3Dβ>1000m2/m39. The type of heat exchanger that involves the alternate passage of the hot and clodfluid streams through the same flow area is the _______heat exchanger.A regenerativeB compact Cplate and frame Dshell-and -tube10. Not all the radiation leaving one surface will reach the other surface sinceelectromagnetic radiation travels in straight lines and some will be lost to thesurroundings,we introduce _______in net radiant exchange.A reflectivityB emissivityC view factorD transmissivity11. _______use heat to conver water into steam for a variety of applications.A TurbinesB BoilersC GeneratorsD Condensers12. The modern 660MW coal-fired boilers has some _______tons of pressure parts.A 600B 2000C 6000D 2000013. ______is burned in coal boilers to ignite the coal burners,to warm up the boiler andraise pressure before coal is adimitted.A CoalB GasC WaterD Oil14. The radiant superheater outlet temperature ______with an increasing boiler out-put.A declinesB increasesC remains unchangedD decreases.15. The economizer is a ______heat exchanger for recovering enery from the fluegas.A parallelflowB upstreamC downstreamD counterflow.16. The ______utilises the heat in the boiler flue gases to heat the combustion air andprovide hot air for drying coal.A economizerB air heaterC reheaterD air preheater.17. There are no boiler tubes in the ______furnace of CFB because the rapidly movingsolids cause excessive erosion.A toppingB lowerC upperD middle18. The job of the pulverizers is to ______the feed coal down to a suitable size.A grindB heatC crushD warm19. The ball-and tube mill is a ______cylinder,partly filled with small diameter balls .A decliningB verticalC screwyD horizontal20. The Universal Pressure boiler is designed to maintain a ______flow inside thefurance circuits to prevent furace tube overheating during all operating conditionsA maximalB minimumC middleyD generic21. The steam after expending through the ______condenses in the condenser at a lowpress.A turbineB heaterC boilerD HP cylinder22. Machines in which there is no change of static or pressure head of the fluid in therotor are known as ______machine.A reactionB impulseC combined impulse and reactionD multi-stage23. The ______of a turbo-machine stage is defined as the ratio of the static orpressure head change occurring in the rotor to the total change across the stage.A degree of reactionB pressureC efficiencyD enthalpy24. For a turbine cylinder, substantial flanges and _____are required to withstand thepressure forces at the horizontal joints.A couplingB pipeC boltingD flange warming syetem25. With _____governing, the inlet belt is divided into sections each controlled by a sper–ate valve opening in sequence,resulting in a more complicated casting.A throttleB nozzleC slide pressureD constant pressure26. _____rotors required very careful attention to shrink fit and location geometries toavoid problems in running and with fatigue cracking.A integralB MonoblocC built-upD drum27. _____construction has the advantage of smaller forging components at the expenseof high integrity welding.A integralB shrink-on discC sub-criticalD Welded28. _____means that the weight is evenly disposed around the axis of theshaft. .A Static balanceB Dynamic balanceC balanceD Unbalance29. If critical speed is below running speed,the shaft is regarded as _____A rigidB flexibleC semi-flexibleD super-critical30 As a_____stage uses approximately the same heat drop as four impulse stage, it is usedto provide a shorter and cheaper turbine ,although with some sacrifice in efficiency.A impulseB reaction Cvelocity-compounded D single单词及词组aiabaticbafflebladeboilerboundary layerCarnot cyclecompositioncompressibilitycondensationconductionconvenctiondiffusiondry saturated vaporemissivityequilibriumfriction lossinternal combustion engineisentropicisobaricisolated systemisometricisothermallaminarmanuscriptmoisturemoleculepathlinepumpqualityradiationRankine cycleReversibleSaturationsteadystreamlinesubcooled liquidsuperheated vaporsurroundingturbulentultrasonicvacuumviscousAnchor 支座，固定Atomized 雾化Blast 鼓风Blowdown 排污Axis 轴Circulating fluidized bed CFB循环流化床锅炉Compressor 压缩机、压气机Coordinated 坐标，定位Counterflow 逆流（换热器）Creep strength 蠕变强度Critical pressure 临界压力Deterioration 恶化Distortion 变形Distillate 馏出物Drainage 疏水Drum 汽包Economizer 省煤器Erosive 侵蚀的，腐蚀的Embrittlement 脆性，脆化Evaluate 评估，评价Ferrite 铁素体Furnace 炉膛Generator 发电机Govern 控制、调节Hydraulic 水力的，液压的Ignite 点火Inert 惰性Ingredients 成分Inorganic 无机的Limestone 石灰石Margin 裕量，安全系数Mill 磨煤机Organisms 有机体Heterogeneous 不均匀的Hydraulic 水力的，液压的Ignite 点火Plasma spray coating 等离子喷涂Impurity 杂质Prefabricated 预制的Inert 惰性Inferior 低级的，劣质的Ingredients 成分Premium fuel 优质燃料Oxidation 氧化Polymer 聚合物Porosity多空的Radius 半径，范围Retract缩回Resonant 共振Reynolds number 雷诺数Rare earth element 稀土元素Regulate 控制，调节Rigid 刚性的，紧密地Rollers 辊子Regenerator 回热器，蓄热器Sootblower 吹灰器Saturated 饱和的Stress corrosion 应力腐蚀Superheater 过热器Temperature-entropy 温熵图Tenacious 黏的Thermodynamics 热力学Turbine 汽轮机Viscosity 黏度Velocity 速度Wear磨损Welded 焊接AccessAssemblyBack pressBalance pistonBearing boxBlowerBoundary layerBrittle fractureCarrier ringCasingCastChordConvergent-divergent type nozzle CouplingCoverbandCraneDouble-shell casingDuctilityDynamic balanceFabricationFatigue crackingFixed bladeFlexible rotorForgingFractureFull admissionHeadImpulseImpulse turbineInner casingKeyLacing wireMach numberMakeupMonobloc rotorMoving bladeNozzle boxNozzle governingOffsetPenetrationsPenultimate stageReaction machineResonanceRigid rotorRivetRobustRuptureStatic balanceThrottle governingToughnessWakeWheelTwisted三.翻译Thermodynamics is a science in which the storage,transfer of energy are studied.Energy is stored as internal energy,kinetic energy,potential energy and chemical energy; it is transformed from one of these forms to another;and it is transferred across a boundary as either heat or work.If a substance exists as vapor at the temperature,it is called saturated vapor.when the vapor is at a temperature greater than the saturation temperature,it is said to exist as superheated vapor.The pressure and temperature of superheated vapor are independent properties,since the temperature may increase while the pressure remainea constant.The first law of thermodynamics is commonly called the law of conservation of energy.In elementary physics course ,the study of conservation of energy emphasizes changes in kinetic and potentical energy and their relationship to work.A more general form of conservation of energy includes the effects of heat transfer and internal energy changes.Other forms of energy could also be included,such as electrostatic, magnetic,strain,and surface energy.Steam discharged from the turbine is directed into a condenser for two reasons.The condenser is operated at a high vacuum in order to create a low turbine exhaust pressure,rangingdown to 12mercury,abs.Turbines are ordinarily equipped with surface condensers that are indirect or nonmixing –type heat exchangers.In the abence of mixing,the second function of the condenser can be realized,that is ,the reture of the condenate to the boiler.beacause of the high steam flow,the condensate must be conserved,otherwise the operation of a large power boiler would be impracticable.A fluid flow may be broadly classified as either a viscous flow or an inviscid flow.An inviscid flow is one in which viscous effects of viscosity are important and cannot be ignored.To model an inviscid flow analytically,we can simply let the viscosity be zero;this will obviously make all viscous effects zero. It is more difficult to create an inviscid floe experimentally ,because all fluids of interest have viscosity.The questionthen becomes:Are there flows of interest in which the viscous effects are negligibly small? The answer is “Yes,if the shear stresses in the flow are small and act over such small areas that they do not significantly affect the flow field.”This statement is very general,of course, and it will take considerable analysis to justify the inviscid flow assumption.A viscous flow can be classified as either a laminar flow or a turbulent flow .In a laminar floe the fluid flows with no significant mixing of neighboring fluid particles. If dye were injected into the flow,it would not mix with the neighboring fluid exept by molecular activity; it would retain its identity for a relatively long period of time .Viscous shear stresses always influence alaminar flow . The floe may be highly time dependent or be steady.Incompressible gas flows include atmospheri flows, the aerodynamis of landing and takeoff of ommercial aircraft,heating and air-conditioning airflows, flow around automobiles and through radiators, and the flow of air around building, to name a few compressible flows include the aerodynamics of high-speed aircraft, airflow through jet engines, steam flow through the turbine in apower plant,airflow in a compressor, and the flow of the airgas mixture in an internal combustion engine.When a temperature gradient in a body,experience has shown that there is an energy transfer from the high-temperature region to the low –temperature region.We say that the energy is transferred by conduction and that the heat-transfer rate per unit area is proportional to the normal temperature gradient.。

热能与动⼒⼯程专业英语（整理版）热能与动⼒⼯程Thermal Energy and Power Engineering材料与能源学院：Institute of Materials and Energy空调制冷：refrigeration and air conditioning热传导：thermol conduction学⽣毕业后能胜任现代⽕⼒发电⼚,制冷与低温⼯程及相关的热能与动⼒⼯程专业的技术与管理⼯作,并能从事其它能源动⼒领域的专门技术⼯作.The graduates may find employment of technology and management in the fields of the Thermal Energy &Power Engineering (TEPE) and its relevance, such as modern power plant or the Refrigeration and Cryogenics Engineering (RCE), the graduates may also engaged in the special technique in the fields related to TEPE.现代空⽓动⼒学、流体⼒学、热⼒学、⽔⼒学以及航空航天⼯程、⽔利⽔电⼯程、热能⼯程、流体机械⼯程都提出了⼀系列复杂流动问题,其中包括⾼速流、低速流、管道流、燃烧流、冲击流、振荡流、涡流、湍流、旋转流、多相流等等A series of complicated flow problems have been posed in modern fluid mechanics, aero dynamics, thermodynamics, and aeronautical and aerospace engineering, water conservancy and hydropower engineering, heat energy engineering, fluid machinery engineering, and so on, and they cover high-speed flow, low-speed flow, eddy flow, turbulent flow, burning flow, impact flow, oscillating flow, backflow, and two-phase flow, etc.In the thermal engineering, the studied objects normally are isolated from one another and then we try to analysis the change and interaction, the studied objects isolated is named thermodynamic system.在热⼒⼯程中，通常将研究对象分离出来再分析其变化及（与外界）的相互作⽤，该对象即热⼒系统。

热能与动力工程基础一、名词解释第1章1.热能动力装置：燃烧设备、热能动力机以及它们的辅助设备统称为热能动力装置。

2.原动机：将燃料的化学能、原子能和生物质能等所产生的热能转换为机械能的动力设备。

如蒸汽机、蒸汽轮机、燃气轮机、汽油机、柴油机等。

3.工作机：通过消耗机械能使流体获得能量或使系统形成真空的动力设备。

第2章1.锅炉：是一种将燃料化学能转化为工质（水或蒸汽）热能的设备。

2.锅炉参数：锅炉的容量、出口蒸汽压力及温度和进口给水温度。

3.锅炉的容量：指在额定出口蒸汽参数和进口给水温度以及保证效率的条件下，连续运行时所必须保证的蒸发量(kg/s或T/h) ，也可用与汽轮机发电机组配套的功率表示为kW 或MW 。

4.锅炉出口蒸汽压力和温度：指锅炉主汽阀出口处(或过热器出口集箱)的过热蒸汽压力和温度。

5.锅炉进口给水温度：指省煤器进口集箱处的给水温度。

6.煤的元素分析：C、H、O、N、S。

7.锅炉各项热损失：有排烟热损失，化学不完全燃烧损失，机械不完全燃烧损失，灰渣物理热损失，及散热损失。

8.锅炉热平衡：指输入锅炉的热量与锅炉输出热量之间的平衡。

9.锅炉的输出热量：包括用于生产蒸汽或热水的有效利用热和生产过程中的各项热损失。

10.锅炉的热效率：锅炉的总有效利用热量占锅炉输入热量的百分比。

在设计锅炉时，可以根据热平衡求出锅炉的热效率：11.锅炉燃烧方式：层燃燃烧、悬浮燃烧及流化床燃烧三种方式。

12.层燃燃烧：原煤中特别大的煤块进行破碎后，从煤斗进入炉膛，煤层铺在炉排上进行燃烧。

13.悬浮燃烧：原煤首先被磨成煤粉，然后通过燃烧器随风吹入炉膛进行悬浮燃烧。

这种燃烧方式同样用来燃烧气体和液体燃料。

14.流化：指炉床上的固体燃料颗粒在气流的作用下转变为类似流体状态的过程。

15.流化床燃烧：原煤经过专门设备破碎为0～8mm大小的煤粒，来自炉膛底部布风板的高速鼓风将煤粒托起，在炉膛中上下翻滚地燃烧。

16.悬浮燃烧设备：炉膛、制粉系统和燃烧器共同组成煤粉炉的悬浮燃烧设备。

2023年热动工程师真题模拟汇编（共389题）1、换热器中，当两流体进出口温度一定时，（）方案的平均温压最大。

（单选题）A. 顺流B. 叉流C. 逆流D. 都一样试题答案：C2、一切实际物体的（）都小于同温度下的黑体的值。

（单选题）A. 导热能力B. 对流给热程度C. 辐射能力和吸收能力D. 导热和对流试题答案：C3、多数液体的导热系数随温度升高而（），只有水和甘油例外。

（单选题）A. 升高B. 降低C. 不变D. 不一定试题答案：B4、表明黑体辐射能按照波长的分布规律，或者说它给出了黑体单色辐射力随波长和温度而变化的函数关系，是（）。

（单选题）A. 斯蒂芬-波尔兹曼定律B. 傅立叶定律C. 牛顿公式D. 普朗克定律试题答案：D5、同温度下实际物体的辐射总是（）黑体的辐射。

（单选题）A. 大于B. 等于C. 不一定小于D. 小于试题答案：D6、当接触温度升高时，由于表面（）作用加强，接触热阻相应变小。

（单选题）A. 导热B. 对流C. 辐射D. 导热系数增加试题答案：C7、同一金属材料，高度磨光表面其黑度（）。

（单选题）A. 变低B. 变高C. 没影响D. 恒等于1试题答案：A8、当热辐射的能量投射到物体表面时（）。

（单选题）A. 只有吸收B. 只有反射C. 只有穿透D. 吸收、反射、穿透现象都有试题答案：D9、导热基本定律适用于（）。

（单选题）A. 稳定温度场B. 单向度温度场C. 多向度温度场D. 各种温度场试题答案：D10、黑体的辐射力（）于其绝对温度的四次方。

（单选题）A. 反比例B. 正比例C. 指数D. 倒数试题答案：B11、采用多层绝热的管线其实际散热量比理论计算散热量（）。

（单选题）A. 低B. 高C. 一样D. 不一定试题答案：A12、对流换热是流体的（）联合作用的结果。

（单选题）A. 对流与辐射B. 导热与辐射C. 对流与导热D. 导热、对流、辐射试题答案：C13、揭示黑体辐射能力与温度之间关系的定律是（）。

Chapter 1 Introduction to ThermalScience第一章热科学基础Acoustic flow meter 声波流量计Corrugated fin 波状散热片Adiabatic []绝热的Cross product 矢量积Aerodynamics 空气动力学Denominator 分母Affiliation 联系Developed flow 充分发展流Airfoil 机翼，螺旋桨Diffusion 扩散Alternative 替代燃料Doppler effect 多普勒效应Anemometer 风速计Double-pipe heat exchanger 套管式换热器Angular speed 角速度Dry saturated vapor 干饱和蒸汽Area density 表面密度Electrode 电极Baffle 挡板Electrolyte 电解，电解液Bifurcation 分形Electrostatic 静电的Blackbody 黑体Emissivity 发射率Blade 浆叶，叶片Equilibrium 平衡Boiler 锅炉Fluid mechanics 流体力学Boundary layer 边界层Forced convection 强制对流Carnot Cycle 卡诺循环Free convection 自然对流Cartesian coordinates 笛卡尔坐标系Friction loss 摩擦损失Celsius Degree 摄氏度Glass ceramic 微晶玻璃，玻璃陶瓷Heat engine 热机Compact heat exchanger 紧凑式换热器Composition 成分，合成物Heat pump 热泵Compressed liquid 压缩液体Hydrofoil 水翼Compressibility 可压缩性，压缩率Hypersonic speed 高超音速Condensation 凝结Infinitesimal 无穷小的Condenser 冷凝器Inflating/deflating 充气/压缩Conduction 导热Internal combustion engine 内燃机Control volume 控制体Isentropic 等熵的Convection 对流Isobaric 等压的Isolated system 孤立体系的Coriolis-accelaration flowmeter 科氏加速流量计Isometric 等容的Rough-wall tube 粗糙管Isothermal 等温的Saturation 饱和Kinematic viscosity 运动黏度Shear stress 剪切力、切应力Laminar 层流Shell-and-tube heat exchanger管壳式换热器Manuscript 手稿，原稿Specific volume 比容Moisture 湿度，水分Steady 稳态的，定常的Molecule (化学)分子Stifling engine 斯特林机Molten polymer 熔融聚合物Strain rate 变形速度，应变率Muti-disciplinary 多学科的Streamline 流线Newtonian Fluid 牛顿流体Strut 支撑，支柱Subcooled liquid过冷液体Nominal temperature gradient 法向温度梯度Numerator （数学）分子Superheated vapor 过热蒸汽Parallel flow 平行流动，并流Surrounding 环境，外界Pathline迹线Thermal conductivity 热传导率Phase change 相变Thermal efficiency 热效率Plane flow 平面流，二元流Thermodynamics 热力学Plate and flame heat exchangerTorsional 扭力的，扭转的板式换热器Polymer solution 胶浆Trailing edge 机翼后缘、尾缘Proof 校样Transmitter 传送装置、发送器Propeller 螺旋桨，推进器Turbine meter 涡轮流量计Pump泵Turbulent 湍流的Qulity 干度Ultrosonic 超声波的Qusi-equilibrium 准平衡、准静态Uniform flow 均匀刘Radiation 辐射Vacuum 真空Rankin Cycle 朗肯循环View factor 角系数Viscous 黏性的Regenerative heat exchanger蓄热/再生式换热器Reservoir 水库，蓄水池Cortex shedding 漩涡脱落Reversible 可逆的Water faucet 水龙头，水嘴Rotameter 转子流量计Bi Biot number 比澳数NPSH 汽蚀余量CFD 计算流体力学NTU 传热单元数CHF 临界热流量Nu 努谢尔特数COP 制冷系数PE 势能Eu 欧拉数Pr 普朗特数Fo 富立叶数Ra 瑞利数Fr 弗劳德数Re 雷诺数Gr 格拉晓夫数Sc 施密特数KE 动能St 斯坦顿数，斯特劳哈数LMTD对数平均温差We 韦伯数1.1Fundamental of Engineering Thermodynamics1.1工程热力学基础Thermodynamics is a science in which the storage, transformation and transfer of energy are studied. Energy is stored as internal energy (associated with temperature), kinetic energy (du to motion), potential energy (due to elevation) and chemical energy (due to chemical composition); it is transformed from one of these forms to another; and it is transferred across a boundary as either heat or work.热力学是一门研究能量储存、转换及传递的科学。

(Heat transfer is the science)传热学是一门试图预测热量传递可以发生在温差存在的两个物体之间的科学。

(Thermodynamics teaches that this)热力学告诉我们能量的传递以热量的形式。

传热学不仅可以解释热能怎样被传送,同样可以预测在某种特殊的情况下产生的热交换率。

实际上热交换率的客观分析指出了传热学和热力学之间的差异。

热力学研究对象是处于平衡状态的系统,他可能被用于预测一个系统从一种平衡状态改变到另一种状态所需要的能量的多少,他可能不被用于预测发生在非平衡状态下的系统的热的交换量有多快。

传热学通过提供了可以作为科学中的热力学被用作传热项目基础的实验法则是非常简单的并且容易扩展到各种各样的实际情况当中。

(When a temperature gradient)当温度梯度存在于一个物体中时,经验显示能量将会从高温区域传递到低温区域,我们说能量是通过导热传递并且单位面积的传热效率于法向温度梯度成正比。

(When a fluid at rest or in motion)当流体以不同的温度与一块平板的表面接触且处于静止或运动时据热力学法则规定能量将朝低温区域流动,我们说热量被交换走了并且我们把这个过程称为对流换热过程。

(For both situations shown in fig,1.2)对于表1.2所示的两种情况我们用牛顿冷却定律来表述对流的整体作用。

(The temperature Tw is that)温度Tw是直接与平板表面接触的温度,温度T∞是为了确保平板表面温度不产生明显影响而使流体远离平板表面的所在区域的温度,面积A是与流体接触的表面区域,并且我们应该注意A与热流方向垂直。

比例因子h被叫做传热系数(也是单位面积的导热量或对流换热量)并且取决于几何布置、方向和表面状况(光滑或粗糙)、还有流体的物性和速度。

(There are two convection modes)有两种对流换热模型:强制对流换热和自然对流换热,如果一块被加热的平板暴露一个周围没有额外动因的房子里,空气的流动将经验的被认为是平板附近存在密度梯度的结果,我们称之为自然对流或是无常对流,强制对流与此相反,经验的认为是在风扇吧空气吹到平板上的情况。

2023-2024学年第一学期期末试卷1、You can only be sure of _____ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something _____ you might get in the future.A．that; what B．what; / C．which; that D．/; that2、--- I’ll take the blue one. This is twenty dollars.--- Here’s the change. .A．Best wishes B．My pleasureC．Have a nice day D．Let’s call it a day3、一"Peter, have you got your new flat furnished?—Yes. I ______ some used furniture and it was a real bargain.A．will buy B．have bought C．bought D．had bought4、The infrastructure project has consumed so much money that we can't find any financialsupport and have to ______.A．pull out B．pull throughC．catch up D．catch on5、The new means of transport ________ in this city, so whether it will work out remains tobe seen.A．have never tried B．has never tried C．have never been tried D．has never been tried6、He doesn't spend any more money on clothing than I do,but________he manages to look so stylish.A．therefore B．somehowC．furthermore D．otherwise—Oh, no．That old lady sitting next to us ______ have taken ours by mistake.A．must B．could C．should D．would8、—Would you please wait for a moment while I telephone the reception desk to check?—________.A．I wouldn't mind that B．Sound like funC．I mean it D．Y ou wish9、—I know it is really a lot to ask, but can I use your apartment during the summer?— ________. I happen to be out of town. It is all for your taking.A．Behave yourself B．Be my guestC．Have fun D．Take care10、The influence of this book might not have been reaching so far, ________for Mr. William, who dared to publish it.A. if had it not been B．is it not being C．had it not been D. its only having been第二部分阅读理解（满分20分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。